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Steroid Use [2]
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Alan Gilbert's Files
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United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)
USADA
Examples of Permitted Medications
.
May be prohibited by certain international federations
Antacids: Di Gel, Gaviscon, Maalox, Mylanta, Tums
Anti-Anxiety*: Atarax, Ativan, Buspar, Librium, Valium, Vistaril
Antibiotics: All are permitted.
Anti-Diabetics: Actose, Amaryl, DiaBeta, Diabinese, Glucophage, Glucotrol,
Glyburide, Glynase, Micronase, Prandin, Precose, Rezulin
Antidiarrheals: Bismuth subsalicylate, diphenoxylate w/ atropine,
Imodium, kaolin w/ pectin, Kaopectate, Lomotil, Lonox, loperamide, Pepto Bismol
Topical Antifungals: Cruex, Desenex, Lamisil, Lotrimin, Micatin, Monistat,
Mycostatin, Tinactin
Anti-Nausea/Antivertigo*: Antivert, Bonine, Bucladin S, Compazine,
diphenhydramine, Dramamine, Emetrol, Motion Aid, Tigan
Antiviral: Acyclovir, didanosine, Famvir, Relenza, Stavudine, Tamiflu, Valtrex,
Zidovudine
Asthma: Cromolyn sodium, ipratropium, nedocromil sodium, Singulair, theophylline
Restricted Beta-2 agonists: NOTE: See restrictions under Anabolic Agents.
Restricted Glucocorticosteroids: Aerobid, Azmacort, Beconase, Beclovent, Flonase,
Flovent, Nasacort, Nasonex, Pulmicort, Rhinocort, Vanceril - NOTE: Restricted to
inhalant and/or nasal forms only. Medical notification form required on file with USADA.
Cold Medications:
Antihistamines*: Allegra, Benadryl, chlorpheniramine, Claritin, clemastine,
diphenhydramine, Zyrtec
Decongestants: Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline,
xylometazoline
NOTE: Decongestants allowed in topical form only. e.g., nasal spray.
Cough preparations: Codeine, dextromethorphan, guaifenesin, iodinated glycerol
CAUTION: Many combination cold medications contain prohibited substances.
Expectorant: Guaifenesin
Contraceptives: Demulen, Desogen, Genora, Loestrin, Lo-Ovral, Modicon, Nelova,
Nordette, Ortho-Cyclen, Ortho-Tri-Cyclen, Ovcon, Ovral, Triphasil.
Ear preparations: Auralgan, Auro Ear Drops, Cerumenex, Cortisporin, Debrox,
Murine Ear Drops, Otic Domeboro, Vosol
Eye preparations: Artificial Tears, boric acid, Murine Plus, Mycitracin, Naphcon-A,
Neo-Synephrine, oxymetazoline, Polysporin, Relief, tetrahydrozoline, Vasocon-A,
Visine
Hemorrhoidals: Anusol, Anusol-HC, Preparation H - NOTE: External cream or
ointment only.
Injectable Local Anesthetics:
Bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, etc. can be used (not cocaine).
Vasoconstrictors (e.g. adrenaline) may be used in conjunction with local
anesthetics.
Only local or intra-articular may be administered.
Only when medically justified.
NOTE: Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, a medical notification form on
file with USADA is required.
Laxatives: Correctol, Dulcolax, Ex-Lax, Fibercon, Fleet Enema, Metamucil,
Milk of Magnesia
Liniments/Topicals: Aspercreme, Ben-Gay, capsaicin, Flex-All 454, Icy Hot Balm.
Myoflex Cream, Sportscreme, Vicks Vaporub, Zostrix, Zovirax
Muscle Relaxants*: Baclofen, Flexeril, Norflex, Soma, Zanaflex
Pain/Anti-Inflammatory: Acetaminophen, aspirin, Bayer Aspirin, Bufferin, Celebrex,
codeine, Dolobid, Ecotrin, Empirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, Panadol, Phenaphen w/
Codeine, piroxicam, propoxyphene, Tylenol (Plain, Ex-Strength), Tylenol w/
Codeine, Vioxx
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS): All are permitted.
Topical glucocorticosteroids: Administration of aural (ear), ophthalmological (eye),
and dermatological (skin) preparations are permitted.
Sedatives/Sleep Aids*: Antivert, Ativan, Compoz, Dalmane, diphenhydramine,
Halcion, Nytol, Restoril, Sominex, Unisom, Valium, Xanax
Supplements: CAUTION: Some may contain prohibited substances; use of these
products is at the athlete's own risk.
Ulcer Medications: Antacids, Axid, Carafate, Pepcid, Prevacid, Prilosec, Propulsid,
Tagamet, Zantac
Vaginal Preparations: AVC, Femstat, Gyne Lotrimin, Metrogel, Monistat, Mycelex,
Mycostatin, vaginal tablets, Terazol, Vagistat
. May be prohibited by certain international federations.
Consult your physician for specific information on appropriate medications for
treatment. Use of foreign products is at the athlete's OWN risk.
Check the USADA Guide (p. 29-30) for a more extensive list of permitted substances.
www.usantidoping.org
Effective beginning September 2001
© 2001 United States Anti-Dopina Agency
Examples of USADA/IOC Prohibited Substances & Prohibited Methods of Doping
PROHIBITED CLASSES (All related compounds are prohibited)
Anabolic Agents:
Anabolic-androgenic steroids: Androstenediol, androstenedione, danazol,
DHEA, nandrolone, oxandrolone, stanozolol, testosterone
Beta-2 agonists: Advair*, bambuterol, bitolterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol,
formoterol* (e.g., Foradil), metaproterenol, orciprenaline, pirbuterol,
reproterol, rimiterol, salbutamol* (e.g., Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin,
Combivent), salmeterol* (e.g., Serevent), terbutaline* (e.g., Brethaire)
NOTE: . Allowed by inhaler only to prevent or treat asthma and exercise-
induced asthma. Medical notification form required on file with USADA.
Diuretics: Acetazolamide, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, canrenone,
chlorthalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide,
indapamide, mannitol (IV injection), mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene
Narcotics: Buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin),
hydrocodone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone,
pentazocine
Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues (and all releasing factors):
Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) - NOTE: Prohibited in males only
Pituitary & synthetic gonadotrophins (LH) - NOTE: Prohibited in males only
Corticotrophins (ACTH, tetracosactide)
Growth hormone (hGH)
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Insulin - NOTE: Allowed only to treat certified insulin-dependent diabetes.
Medical notification form required on file with USADA.
Clomiphen, cyclofenil, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors - NOTE: Prohibited
in males only
Stimulants: Amphetamine (e.g., Adderall, Dexedrine), prohibited Beta-2
agonists, bromantan, bupropion (e.g., Wellburtrin, Zyban), caffeine
(>12mcg/ml), cocaine, ephedrine, Ma Huang (herbal ephedrine),
methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta), norpseudoephedrine, pemoline,
phenylephrine (systemic), phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine
NOTE: Some international federations have different substances on their
respective prohibited list. Please review both the IOC and your respective
IF prohibited lists.
CLASSES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN CERTAIN
CIRCUMSTANCES
Alcohol*: Ethanol
Beta-Blockers*: Acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol,
esmolol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol,
sotalol, timolol
* Tested for where rules of a responsible authority so provide.
Cannabinoids*: Hashish, marijuana (THC) NOTE: Tested for at Olympic
Games.
Local Anesthetics: Cocaine (IM and IV administration prohibited)
NOTE: See regulations under allowed medication section.
Glucocorticosteroids: Systemic use is prohibited when administered orally,
rectally, or by intravenous or intramuscular injection. NOTE: Some
international federations require written notification for intra-articular and
local injections. Medical notification form required on file with USADA.
This list is not complete and is subject to change.
It is the athlete's responsibility to check the status of all medications.
PROHIBITED METHODS
Blood Doping: The administration of blood, red blood cells, and related
blood products to an athlete, which may be preceded by withdrawal of
blood from the athlete who continues to train in such a blood-depleted state
Administering Artificial Oxygen Carriers or Plasma Expanders
Pharmacological, Chemical and Physical Manipulation: Bromantan,
catheterization, diuretics, epitestosterone, glutaraldehyde, probenecid,
substitution
OUT-OF-COMPETITION (OOC) TESTING
Unless requested by the responsible authority, out-of-competition (OOC) testing is directed
solely at the following classes - Anabolic Agents, Diuretics, Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and
Analogues, and Prohibited Methods.
QUESTIONS: Call USADA's Drug Reference Line - 1-800-233-0393
www.usantidoping.org
United States Anti-Doping Agency
USADA
WHAT IS U.S. ANTI-DOPING AGENCY (USADA)?
The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) is the independent anti-doping
agency for Olympic sports in the United States. USADA was created as the result of
recommendations set forth by the United States Olympic Committee's Select Task
Force on Externalization. USADA began operations Oct. 1, 2000, with full authority for
testing, education, research and adjudication for U.S. Olympic, Pan Am and
Paralympic athletes. It is USADA's responsibility to develop a comprehensive national
anti-doping program for the Olympic Movement in the United States.
As a non-profit corporation under the leadership of an independent board of directors,
USADA has the authority to set forth guiding principles in anti-doping policy and to
enforce any doping violations. In addition to managing collection and testing
procedures, USADA is also responsible for enhancing research efforts and promoting
educational programs to inform athletes of the rules governing the use of performance
enhancing substances, the ethics of doping and its harmful health effects.
HISTORY OF USADA
In October 1999, the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) announced the
creation of the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), effective Oct. 1, 2000,
following the USOC Board of Directors Meeting in Colorado Springs, Colo.
United States Anti-Doping Agency
USADA's objective is to conduct a comprehensive anti-doping program. The USOC
1265 Lake Plaza Drive
Select Task Force on Drug Externalization recommended that an independent
Colorado Springs, Colorado
organization manage the anti-doping program on the USOC's behalf.
80906
Phone: 719-785-2000
A number of factors contributed to the recommendation:
Fax: 719-785-2001
The creation of an organization independent from the USOC and
[email protected]
www.usantidoping.org
the National Governing Bodies (NGB) would enhance the
international credibility of the United States' anti-doping efforts by
eliminating the negative perceptions inherent in the existing self-
Board of Directors
regulated program.
Frank Shorter, Chair
Ralph Hale, MD, Vice Chair
An organization dedicated to anti-doping efforts would be better
Barry Axelrod, Treasurer
suited to expand and improve existing programs.
Kate Hendrickson Borg, Secretary
An independent organization would be able to support the
Lawrence Brown, MD, MPH
athletes while meeting the regulations of the International
Peter Breen, ATC
Federations (IF), as well as the International Olympic Committee
Richard Cohen, MD
(IOC).
Jean Fourcroy, MD, PhD, MPH
Andrew Mecca, Dr. PH, MPH
By USOC Constitution and Bylaws, chapter 23, section 2, paragraph G, USADA has
the jurisdiction for conducting drug testing.
"As a condition of membership in the USOC and recognition as a National Governing
Body or Paralympic Sports Organization shall comply with the procedures pertaining
to drug testing and adjudication of related doping offenses of the independent anti-
doping organization designated by the USOC to conduct drug testing. No exceptions
to such procedures shall be allowed unless granted by the Executive Committee, or
its designee, after a hearing at which the National Governing Body is allowed to
present the reasons for such exceptions."
as of Oct. 1, 2001
1
USADA MISSION STATEMENT
The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) is dedicated to eliminating the practice of
doping in sport, including U.S. Olympic, Pan American and Paralympic athletes.
USADA is the independent anti-doping agency for Olympic sports in the United
States, and is responsible for managing the testing and adjudication process for the
athletes. USADA is dedicated to preserving the well being of sport, the integrity of
competition and ensuring the health of athletes through research initiatives and
educational programs.
USADA VISION STATEMENT
USADA will work with all athletes, while giving special emphasis to U.S. Olympic, Pan
American and Paralympic athletes, in its efforts to eliminate doping in sport. In
addition,
- USADA will develop and manage a testing process program that is fair and
impartial in its attempt to identify athletes who use performance enhancing
compounds and methods, either intentionally to gain a competitive advantage or
inadvertently;
- USADA will develop and institute an adjudication program that will be fair
and sustainable when an athlete is found to be in violation of anti-doping rules and
regulations;
- USADA will support and foster research and educational programs in areas
of performance-enhancing substances and methods to better understand their
adverse effects and to improve upon current and future testing procedures;
- USADA will participate with other anti-doping organizations, both nationally
and internationally, to accomplish our mission.
USADA LEADERSHIP
Terry Madden serves as the organization's Chief Executive Officer, while two-time
Olympic medallist Frank Shorter is the chair to the USADA Board of Directors.
"With the leadership of this board of directors, and the dedication of our professional
staff, USADA will establish a program for the United States that sets a new
international standard for doping control." - Frank Shorter, USADA Board of Directors
Chair.
"USADA will be responsible for much more than simply testing athletes. One of the
most critical responsibilities will be presiding over the adjudication process after the
positive tests. As an independent organization overseeing the adjudication process,
USADA relieves the national governing bodies from determining sanctions for their
own athletes, which had been perceived as a conflict of interest. USADA's role in
adjudication provides immediate international credibility to our entire process." -
Shorter
"Success in the nation's effort to eliminate the use of performance enhancing drugs
and to protect the integrity of sport and the health of our athletes will only be achieved
through a cooperative effort involving the United States Anti-Doping Agency, all
national governing bodies, the USOC and our athletes." - Terry Madden, USADA
CEO.
as of Oct. 1. 2001
2
USADA FOCUS
A comprehensive drug control program as envisioned by USADA has three major
components: testing, adjudication and education. The framework for the program also
requires scientific, ethical and educational research.
Testing-Managing the collection and testing for both In-Competition and No-
Advance-Notice (NAN) testing. USADA is working closely with the NGBs and
IFs to increase the number of NAN tests.
Adjudication-USADA's adjudication process is fair, and credible. USADA's
process eliminates the national governing bodies' involvement in sanctioning
its athletes. The simplified procedures reduce the time and financial burdens
common in appeal procedures. USADA's adjudication process relies on the
American Arbitration Association (AAA)/Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)
for an arbitrated hearing under the modified AAA Commercial Rules.
Education-In addition to creating a strong ethical and health-related
education program for elite athletes, USADA is also developing an education
program designed for America's youth in sport. Focusing on the ethics and
morals of using prohibited substances and the health risks associated with
doping, USADA hopes to inform athletes at a young age of the dangers and
consequences of using performance-enhancing substances.
Research-Because research is the cornerstone of an effective anti-doping
program, USADA is allocating $2 million annually toward the study of
prohibited substances. This commitment to research ranks among the world
leaders. USADA will communicate with WADA's leadership to coordinate
research efforts with WADA's scientific committee. The inaugural USADA
research summit was held Oct. 20-21, 2000 with approximately 50 scientists
and researchers attending from such nations as the United States, Canada,
France, Great Britain and Switzerland.
USADA ADJUDICATION PROCESS
The objective of the proposed USADA adjudication system is to provide a process
which: 1) is fair to athletes; 2) has international credibility; 3) minimizes the number of
hearings; 4) decreases the likelihood that an athlete will be subject to subsequent
proceedings initiated by an International Federation; and 5) does not put NGBs and
athletes in an adversarial position.
Please refer to attached chart for additional information.
USADA FUNDING
As an independent, non-profit organization, USADA receives funding through a grant
from the United States government. The agency also has a contractual agreement
with the USOC for conducting an Olympic Anti-Doping Program, testing U.S. athletes
and the adjudication process for doping violations.
as of Oct. 1. 2001
3
USADA PARTNERSHIPS
In its early stages, USADA is working with national, international and governmental
agencies to develop a comprehensive anti-doping initiative for U.S. athletes. USADA
is working closely with the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) to assist SLOC
with the preparation of conducting doping tests during the 2002 Olympic and
Paralympic Winter Games and its test events. Additionally, USADA is working closely
with the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), the World Anti-Doping
Agency (WADA), the Council of Europe, the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport, the
Australian Sports Drug Agency, and other national and international drug testing and
education agencies in the fight against doping in sport.
In 2001, USADA signed bilateral agreements with CCES and ASDA, as well as
working with the Drug Free Sport Consoritum (DFSC).
as of Oct. I, 2001
4
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING
AGENCY
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
"
PROTOCOL FOR OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
TESTING
Effective : December 1, 2001
www.usantidoping.org
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
PROTOCOL FOR OLYMPIC MOVEMENT TESTING
(effective Dec. 1, 2001)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
USADA's Relationship with the United States Olympic Committee
("USOC")
USADA Protocol
3-10
USADA is an independent legal entity not subject to the control of the USOC.
The USOC has contracted with USADA to conduct drug testing and results
management for participants in the Olympic movement within the United States
Annex A-Athlete Location Forms
11-14
and to provide educational information to those participants. For purposes of
transmittal of information by USADA, the USOC is USADA's client. However,
Annex B
15
the USOC has authorized USADA to transmit information simultaneously to the
relevant National Governing Body ("NGB"), International Federation ("IF") the
Annex C
16
World Anti-Doping Agency ("WADA") and involved athlete.
Annex D-American Arbitration Association 17-30
2.
Athletes Subject to Testing by USADA
Supplementary Procedures for
The USOC and NGBs have authorized USADA to test the following athletes:
Arbitration
a. Any athlete who is a member of a NGB;
b. Any athlete participating at a competition sanctioned by the USOC or a NGB;
C. Any foreign athlete who would otherwise be subject to testing by USADA, the
USOC or NGB; or
d. Any other athlete who has given his/her consent to testing by USADA or who
has submitted a USADA or IF out of competition testing location form within the
USADA MISSION STATEMENT
previous twelve months and has not given his or her NGB or USADA written
notice of retirement.
The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) is dedicated
e. Any athlete who has been named by the USOC or an NGB or is competing in a
to eliminating the practice of doping in sport, includ-
qualifying event to represent the USOC or NGB in international competition.
ing U.S. Olympic, Pan American and Paralympic
athletes. USADA is the independent anti-doping
USADA will not allow the testing process to be used to harass any athlete. In selecting
agency for Olympic sports in the United States, and
athletes for testing, USADA will focus primarily on athletes who are participating or
is responsible for managing the testing and adjudi-
have the potential to participate, in international competition.
cation process for the athletes. USADA is dedicated
to preserving the well being of sport, the integrity of
3.
Choice of Rules
competition and ensuring the health of athletes
In conducting drug testing and results management under this protocol, USADA
through research initiatives and educational pro-
will look to the following sources of rules:
grams.
a. The selection and collection procedures set forth in paragraphs 4, 5 & 6 herein
shall apply to all testing done by USADA unless different procedures are agreed
to between USADA and the party requesting the test for a particular event.
2
3
6.
Sample Collection
b.
All tests performed by USADA shall be analyzed by IOC (or WADA accred-
Sample collection by USADA, and third parties authorized by USADA to collect
ited laboratories. In analyzing samples for USADA, those laboratories shall
samples for USADA including other national anti-doping agencies pursuant to
follow the standards established by the IOC (or WADA).
bilateral or multilateral agreements, will substantially conform to the standards
set forth by the IOC (or WADA).
C.
Tests performed by USADA shall be analyzed for the categories of prohib-
ited and restricted substances and methods set forth in the rules of the appli-
7.
Laboratory Analysis
cable IF unless agreed otherwise between USADA and the party ordering
All samples collected by USADA will be sent for analysis only to IOC (or
the test.
WADA)-accredited laboratories.
d.
USADA shall be responsible for results management of all tests performed
8.
Notification
by it and all other tests for which the applicable IF rules require the initial
USADA will provide the following notification with respect to each specimen
adjudication to be done by an NGB, including adjudication of reported posi-
collected or attempted to be collected by USADA:
tive cases and other potential violations of IF or USOC anti-doping rules,
unless otherwise referred by USADA to a foreign sports organization having
a. Upon receipt of a negative laboratory report, USADA will promptly forward that
jurisdiction over the athlete.
result to the athlete, the USOC and the applicable NGB.
e.
Any IF or NGB procedural rule inconsistent with this Protocol shall be super-
ceded by this Protocol.
b. Upon receipt of a positive laboratory A report or a report indicating an elevated
testosterone to epitestosterone ratio or epitestosterone concentration, USADA
f.
The USOC may adopt its own Anti-Doping Policies which affect eligibility for
will promptly notify the USOC, the applicable NGB, and athlete at the address
USOC teams and benefits.
on the Doping Control Notification/Signature Form and shall advise the athlete
of the date on which the laboratory will conduct the B sample analysis. The
4.
Selection of Athletes to be Tested In-Competition
athlete may attend the B sample analysis accompanied by a representative at
USADA shall have the authority to determine which athletes will be selected
his or her own expense. Prior to the B sample opening, USADA shall provide
to the athlete the A sample laboratory documentation set forth on Annex B. A
for testing in all competitions tested by USADA. In making this determina-
tion, USADA will normally follow NGB or IF selection procedures and will
sample shall not be considered positive until after the B sample analysis con-
include at a minimum the selection formulas or requests for target selection
firms the A sample analysis or the athlete has expressly waived the B sample
analysis.
of particular athletes which are proposed by the USOC or a particular NGB
or IF. USADA retains the right to test any athlete that it chooses with or
without cause or explanation.
C. Upon receipt of the laboratory's B sample report, USADA shall promptly notify
the USOC, the applicable NGB and the athlete. USADA shall then provide to
5.
Selection of Athletes to be Tested Out-of-Competition
the athlete the B sample documentation package set forth on Annex C. The
USADA shall have the authority to determine which athletes will be selected
laboratory shall not be required to produce any documentation in addition to
for out-of-competition testing by USADA. In making this determination,
Annexes B and C unless ordered to do so by an arbitrator(s) during adjudica-
USADA will carefully consider selection formulas or requests for target se-
tion, in which case it shall be produced at the athlete's expense unless ordered
lection of particular athletes which are proposed by the USOC or a particular
otherwise by an arbitrator(s).
NGB. USADA retains the right to test any athlete that it chooses, with or
d. In special circumstances where USADA is conducting testing for an IF, re-
without cause or explanation.
gional or continental sports organization or other Olympic movement sporting
body, other than the USOC or an NGB, the notification described in this section
Each NGB will provide USADA with a regularly updated list of athletes to
have included in No Advance Notice or other out-of-competition testing.
shall be made exclusively to that sporting body, the athlete, and, if applicable,
to the USOC and NGB.
With respect to each athlete on such list and such additional athletes as may
be designated by USADA, the NGB will provide USADA with the information
as set forth on the athlete location form attached as Annex A. Thereafter it
shall be the responsibility of each individual athlete to provide USADA with
updated information as to his or her whereabouts.
5
4
e.
At such time as USADA becomes aware of a potential violation of IF anti-
doping rules or USOC Anti-Doping Policies (other than a positive test), then
i. Upon USADA's receipt of a laboratory report identifying an analytically posi-
USADA shall provide notice of such potential violation to the athlete, the
tive or elevated B test result (or A test result when the B analysis has been
USOC and the applicable NGB.
expressly waived by the athlete), or when USADA determines that a poten-
tial violation of other IF or USOC anti-doping rules has occurred, the follow-
Notice to an athlete, for all purposes of this Protocol except for notice of
ing steps shall be taken:
f.
negative laboratory reports, shall be effective when delivered by overnight
courier to the athlete's most recent address on file with USADA. If USADA
(1)
USADA's Chief Executive Officer shall appoint a Review
is not able to obtain delivery at such address, then USADA shall contact the
Board as provided in Section (a) above.
NGB and send notice by overnight courier to the athlete's most recent ad-
dress on file with the NGB if that is a different address than the most recent
(2)
The athlete shall be promptly notified that within ten
address on file with USADA. If the athlete's most recent address on file with
days of date of notice he or she may submit to the Re
USADA and the NGB is the same, or if USADA is unable to obtain delivery
view Board, through USADA, any written materials for
the Review Board's consideration. The athlete shall
at the athlete's most recent address on file with the NGB, then notice to the
athlete shall be effective upon the courier's last attempt to deliver.
also be provided the name and telephone number of the
Athlete Ombudsman.
9.
Results Management
Whenever USADA receives a laboratory report confirming a positive test, an
(3)
The Review Board shall be provided the laboratory
elevated testosterone to epitestosterone ratio or an elevated epitestosterone
documentation and any additional information which
concentration, or when USADA has other reason to believe that a potential
USADA deems appropriate. Copies of this information
doping violation has occurred, such as admitted doping, refusal to test or traf-
shall be provided simultaneously to the athlete and the
ficking under the rules of the applicable IF or when USADA determines that a
athlete shall be entitled to file a response with the
Review Board.
violation of the USOC's Anti-Doping Policies has occurred, then USADA shall
address that case through the following results management procedures:
(4)
The Review Board shall be entitled to request additional
information from either USADA or the athlete.
a.
USADA ANTI-DOPING REVIEW BOARD
The USADA Anti-Doping Review Board ("Review Board") is a group of ex-
(5)
Notwithstanding the forgoing, the process before the
perts independent of USADA with medical, technical and legal knowledge of
Review Board shall not be considered a "hearing." The
anti-doping matters. The Review Board members shall be appointed for two
Review Board shall only consider written submittals.
year terms by the USADA Board of Directors. The Review Board shall re-
Submittals to the Review Board shall not be used in any
view all sample test results reported by the laboratory as analytically positive
further hearing or proceeding without the consent of the
or elevated in accordance with section 9(a)(i) below. Such review shall be
party making the submittal. The Review Board's recom
undertaken by between three and five Review Board members appointed in
mendations shall not be admissible in any further hear
each case by USADA's Chief Executive Officer and composed of at least
ing or proceeding.
one technical, one medical and one legal expert.
(6)
The Review Board shall consider the written information
The Review Board shall also review all potential violations of IF or USOC
submitted to it and shall, by majority vote, make a rec
anti-doping rules, other than positive or elevated tests, brought forward by
ommendation to USADA with a copy to the athlete
USADA. Review of potential violations other than positive tests shall be der-
whether or not there is sufficient evidence of doping to
taken by three Review Board members appointed in each case by USADA's
proceed with the adjudication process.
Chief Executive Officer.
(7)
USADA shall also forward the Review Board's recom-
mendation to the USOC, the applicable NGB and IF and
WADA.
6
7
b.
ADJUDICATION
iii. Either the athlete or the IF (whether a party or not) shall be entitled to appeal
the AAA arbitrator(s) decision to CAS. A CAS appeal shall be filed with the
i. Following receipt of the Review Board recommendation, USADA shall
Administrator and the CAS hearing will automatically take place in the U.S.
notify the athlete in writing whether USADA considers the matter closed or
Otherwise the regular CAS appellate rules apply. The decision of CAS shall
alternatively what specific charges or alleged violations will be adjudicated
be final and binding on all parties and shall not be subject to further review or
and what sanction, consistent with IF rules, or USOC Anti-Doping Policy;
appeal.
USADA is seeking to have imposed (and other possible sanctions which
could be imposed under the applicable IF rules and USOC Policies). The
iv. The athlete, within ten (10) days following the Notice described in section (i)
notice shall also include a copy of the USADA Protocol for Olympic Move-
above, shall be entitled, at his or her option, to elect to bypass the hearing
ment Testing and the American Arbitration Association Supplementary
described in section (ii) above and proceed directly to a single final hearing
Procedures for Arbitration initiated by the United States Anti-Doping
before CAS conducted in the United States. The CAS decision shall be final
Agency attached as Annex D. Within ten (10) days following the date of
and binding on all parties and shall not be subject to further review or appeal.
such notice, the athlete must notify USADA in writing if he or she desires a
hearing to contest the sanction sought by USADA. If the sanction is not
V. In all hearings conducted pursuant to this procedure the applicable IF's cate-
contested in writing within such ten (10) day period, then the sanction shall
gories of prohibited substances, definition of doping and sanctions shall be
be communicated by USADA to the athlete, USOC, the applicable NGB
applied unless modified by an applicable USOC Anti-Doping Policy. In the
and IF and WADA and thereafter imposed by the NGB. Such sanction
event an IF's rules and the USOC Anti-Doping Policy are silent on an issue,
shall not be reopened or be subject to appeal unless the athlete can dem-
the rules set forth in the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code shall apply.
onstrate by clear and convincing evidence in a subsequent appeal to CAS
Notwithstanding the foregoing; (a) The IOC laboratories used by USADA shall
that he or she did not receive either actual or constructive notice of the
be presumed to have conducted testing and custodial procedures in accor-
opportunity to contest the sanction. The athlete may also elect to avoid
dance to prevailing and acceptable standards of scientific practice. This pre-
the necessity for a hearing by accepting the sanction proposed by
sumption can be rebutted by evidence to the contrary, but the accredited
USADA. If the sanction is contested by the athlete, then a hearing shall
laboratory shall have no onus in the first instance to show that it conducted
be conducted pursuant to the procedure set forth below.
the procedures other than in accordance with its standard practices conform-
ing to any applicable IOC requirements; (b) minor irregularities in sample col-
ii. The hearing will take place before the American Arbitration Association
lection, sample testing or other procedures set forth herein which cannot rea-
("AAA") using a single arbitrator (or a three arbitrator panel if demanded
sonably be considered to have effected the results of an otherwise valid test
by either of the parties) selected from a pool of the North American Court
or collection shall have no effect on such results; and (c) if contested, USADA
of Arbitration for Sport ("CAS") Arbitrators who shall also be AAA Arbitra-
shall have the burden of establishing the integrity of the sample collection
tors. The hearing will take place in the U.S., be administered by the AAA
process, the chain of custody of the sample, and the accuracy of laboratory
Vice President who is also the administrator for the Decentralized Office
test results by clear and convincing evidence unless the rules of the applica-
of CAS in the Americas (the "Administrator"), and be conducted under
ble IF set a higher standard.
American Arbitration Association Supplementary Procedures for Arbitra-
tion initiated by the United States Anti-Doping Agency attached as Annex
vi. All administrative costs of the USADA review and adjudication process will be
D. The parties will be USADA and the athlete. USADA shall also invite
borne by USADA except the CAS appeal fee which will be paid by the athlete
the applicable IF to participate either as a party or as an observer. For
and refunded to the athlete by USADA should the athlete prevail on appeal.
their information only, notice of the hearing date shall also be sent to the
USOC, the applicable NGB and WADA.
vii. The results of all hearings shall be communicated by USADA to the athlete,
the USOC, the applicable NGB and IF and WADA. The NGB shall impose
any sanction resulting from the adjudication process. The NGB shall not im-
pose any sanctions until after the athlete has had the opportunity for a hear-
ing pursuant to section 9(b)ii or 9(b) iv.
8
9
10.
Ownership and Use of Samples
All samples collected by USADA shall be the property of USADA. USADA
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
may authorize the use of negative samples for research; however, in such
ATHLETE LOCATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS
event all markings on the sample which identify the sample as coming from a
PLEASE READ BEFORE FILLING OUT THE ATHLETE LOCATION FORM
particular athlete shall be obliterated.
Athlete Information
This section is for gathering personal information to help the Doping Control Officers locate and correctly identify you.
R. Residence
11.
Confidentiality
1. NAME:
Provide your complete last, first, and middle name.
Except for the notifications to the USOC, NGB, IF and WADA (or other sport-
2. GENDER:
Check the appropriate box.
ing body ordering the test) as otherwise provided in this protocol, USADA
3. DATE OF BIRTH:
Provide the month, day, and year of birth
4. PHYSICAL ADDRESS:
Provide the address where you will be residing for a majority of the upcoming quarter. This address cannot be a
shall not publicly disclose an athlete's positive test result or other alleged dop-
P.O. Box. Where indicated, provide the street, apartment number, city, state or province, zip code, and country if
other than the U.S. Also, be sure to provide your e-mail address, home telephone number, cell phone number, and a
ing violation until after the athlete has been found to have committed a doping
fax number where you can be reached. An e-mail address is required for electronic submission of athlets
location forms and change of pien forms,
violation in a hearing conducted under either article 9(b)(ii) or 9(b)(iv) above
5. MAILING ADDRESS:
If your mailing address is different from your primary address, provide your mailing address. This is the address
or the athlete has failed to request a hearing within the time set forth in 9(b)(i)
where USADA materials will be sent.
6. PRIMARY CONTACT PERSON:
or the athlete has agreed to the sanction sought by USADA. USADA does
Provide the name and telephone number of a person, other than yourself, who will be able to tell us your whereabouts
if we cannot locate you
not control how information provided by USADA to the USOC, NGB's, IF's
7. NATIONAL GOVERNING BODY: Provide the full name of the national governing body to which you belong. and your discipline. For example, if you
compete in the sport of cross-country sking, your national governing body would be the U.S. Ski and Snowboard
and WADA is disseminated. The USOC Policy is to publicly announce the
Association and your discipline would be cross-country skiing.
name of the athlete and the positive test result or other alleged doping viola-
Daily Schedule
tion thirty (30) days after receipt of the Review Board recommendation.
This section is for gathering information concerning your daily schedule. This information will assist our Doping Control Officers in their effort to locate you
during the week. We realize that it is difficult for you to know where you will be for each day of the upcoming quarter. but your best estimate will help
USADA may release aggregate statistics of testings and adjudication results.
significantly.
X. Primary Training Facility (If not applicable. write N/A and leave the schedule blank)
8. FACILITY NAME:
Provide the full name of the facility where you will do mest of your training during the upcoming quarter.
12.
Expedited Procedures
9. FACILITY ADDRESS:
Provide the address of the facility where you will do mest of your training during the upcoming quarter. This includes
the street, city, and state.
USADA may shorten any time period set forth in these procedures where
10. PRIMARY TRAINING
doing so is reasonably necessary to resolve an athlete's eligibility before a
FACILITY SCHEDULE (X):
Provide the times during the day when you will typically be training at your primary training facility during the upcoming
quarter. Fill in all empty boxes on the schedule with "N/A". Please refer to the following example:
protected competition.
If Susan the swimmer trains at her primary training facility Monday through Friday from 5 a.m. to 7 a.m. and then again from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m., she would
fill out the schedule as follows:
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
A.M.
N/A
5:00 7:00
5:00 7:00
5:00 7:00
5:00 7:00
5:00 7:00
N/A
P.M.
N/A
1:00 3:00
1:00 3:00
1:00 3:00
1:00 3:00
1:00 3:00
N/A
Y. Secondary Training Facility (If not applicable. write N/A and leave the schedule blank)
11. FACILITY NAME:
Provide the full name of the facility where you will spend the second most time training during the upcoming quarter.
12. FACILITY ADDRESS:
Provide the address of the facility where you will spend the second most time training during the upcoming quarter.
This includes the street. city, and state.
13. SECONDARY TRAINING
FACILITY SCHEDULE (Y):
Provide the times during the day when you will typically be training at your secondary training facility during the
upcoming quarter. Fill in all empty boxes on the schedule with "N/A". Please refer to the following example:
If Susan the swimmer trains at her secondary training facility Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., she would au out the schedule as follows:
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
A.M.
10:00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10:00
P.M.
2:00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2:00
Z. Other Regularly Scheduled Activities
14. OTHER REGULAR
ACTIVITIES SCHEDULE (Z):
Provide the times during the day when you will typically have other commitments such as work or class during the
upcoming quarter. Fill in all empty boxes on the schedule with "N/A". Please refer to the following example:
If Susan the swimmer works on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. and also has class from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., she
would fill out the schedule as follows:
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
A.M.
N/A
7:30 10:30
N/A
7:30 10:30
N/A
7:30 10:30
N/A
A.M.
N/A
11:00
N/A
11:00
N/A
11:00
N/A
P.M.
N/A
1:00
N/A
1:00
N/A
1:00
N/A
P.M.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Page of 2
10
11
Quarterly Schedule
This information will serve to create a more comprehensive picture of where you will be on any given day of the upcoming quarter.
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
USADA
ATHLETE LOCATION FORM
15. NAME:
Provide your complete last, first, and middle name as you did for #1.
QUARTERLY UPDATE: January - March 2002
16. ADDITIONAL TEMPORARY
Provide the addresses for any additional residences where you will stay during the upcoming quarter. Also, provide
Return to USADA by December 1, 2001
ADDRESSES (A, B, C, D):
the corresponding training facility address where you will train while you are staying at each residence.
17.
COMPETITION SCHEDULE (E): Provide the name, location, country, and dates of all competitions you will compete in during the upcoming quarter in
If the form you most recently submitted to USADA Includes a valid e-mail address, you may submit this location form
the spaces provided. Attach additional pages if necessary.
electronically at www.usantidoping.org
Please type or print legibly and be as accurate and thorough as possible
18. QUARTERLY SCHEDULE:
Fill in the schedule with the letters that correspond to the addresses where you will be on that day. For example, if
you will be at your residence and your primary training facility January 1 through January 15, fill in each of those
Athlete Information
days on the schedule with the letters R and X. If you will be at your residence and your secondary training facility
March 5 through March 20. fill in each of those days on the schedule with the letters R and Y. If you don't train on
R. Residence
Wednesdays and usually will be at your physical residence, no in each of those days on the schedule with the letter
1. NAME:
R. If you will be at one of the ADDITIONAL TEMPORARY ADDRESSES February 10 through 15, or in those days
-
first
middle
on the schedule with the corresponding letter A,B,C. or D. Finally, If you have competitions January 20 through 22,
February 1 through 3, and March 22 through 26, fill in each of those days on the schedule with the letter E. Fill in all
2. GENDER:
MALE
FEMALE
3. DATE OF BIRTH:
/
/
month
day
year
empty boxes on the schedule with "N/A". For additional assistance. please refer to the following example:
4. PHYSICAL ADDRESS: (No P.O. Boxes)
5. MAILING ADDRESS: (Address where you want USADA materials sent)
in addition to her primary training facility, secondary training facility, and her primary residence, Susan the swimmer will be at an additional temporary
address February 10 through 15. She also has a competition March 22 through 26. She will full out the schedule as follows:
street address
apt
Month
2
3
4
5
6
8
$
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
28
27
28
29
30
31
city
stole
sp code
country
city
state
Zip code
country
X
x
X
X
X
Y
Y
X
X
X
X
X
Y
Y
X
X
x
X
X
Y
Y
X
X
X
X
x
Y
Y
X
x
X
)
(
)
(
)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
nome INSURERS number
cell phone humber
fax number
BURNER scoress required or executionic
Jan
RRRRRRRRR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2001
N
Z
2
Z
Z
Z
Z
2
Z
2
Z
Z
Z
2
X
Y
Y
X
X
X
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
Y
Y
X
X
X
x
X
Y
Y
X
x
X
n/a
6. PRIMARY CONTACT PERSON:
(
)
n/a
n/a
Feb
RRRRRRRRR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
name of contact other than yourself
telephone number of contact
2001
z
Z
N
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
x
X
Y
Y
x
X
X
X
X
Y
Y
X
x
X
X
x
Y
Y
X
X
x
E
E
E
E
E
X
X
X
X
Y
7. NATIONAL GOVERNING BODY:
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
sport
onceme
Mar
RRRRRRRRRR
R
R
2001
z
Z
Z
Z
Z
z
Z
Z
Days when you do not train but will be at your physical address should be filled in with - R on the Quartarly Schedule- page 2, P18.
R=Residence, X=Primary Training Location, Y=Secondary Training Location, Z=Other Regularly Scheduled Activities, A,B,C,D=T emporary Residence Addresses, E=Compatition
Daily Schedule
19. ATHLETE SIGNATURE:
Sign your name and provide the date of your signature.
We realize that it is difficult for you to know where you will be for each day of the upcoming quarter, but your best estimate will help significantly.
20. ADDITIONAL PAGES: FEEL FREE TO ATTACH ADDITIONAL PAGES IF THERE IS INSUFFICIENT ROOM ON THIS FORM FOR YOU TO
X. Primary Training Location
PROVIDE COMPLETE INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION, DAILY SCHEDULE, OR QUARTERLY SCHEDULE. YOU
ARE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO ATTACH ADDITIONAL SCHEDULES IF APPLICABLE.
8. FACILITY NAME:
S
21. QUESTIONS:IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ATHLETE LOCATION FORM THAT CANNOT BE ANSWERED BY THIS INSTRUCTION
9. FACILITY ADDRESS:
street
SHEET, FEEL FREE TO CONTACT USADA, TOLL FREE, AT 1-866-601-2632.
10. PRIMARY TRAINING LOCATION SCHEDULE:
A
FOR INFORMATION ABOUT USADA, VISIT US ON THE WEB AT: WWW.USANTIDOPING.ORG
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
22. DUE DATE: THE JANUARY 2002 - MARCH 2002 ATHLETE LOCATION FORM MUST BE RETURNED TO USADA BY
A.M.
DECEMBER 1, 2001.
Periods when you train of your primary training location should be filled in with an X on their M terty Schedule- page 2, #18.
P.M.
Y. Secondary Training Location
WHEN YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE ATHLETE LOCATION FORM, DOUBLE CHECK THE FORM FOR ACCURACY, AND MAIL OR FAX THE
FORM TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
11. FACILITY NAME:
P
UNITED STATES ANTI DOPING AGENCY
12. FACILITY ADDRESS:
1265 LAKE PLAZA DR.
street
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80906
13. SECONDARY TRAINING LOCATION SCHEDULE:
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
FAX: (719) 785-2001
A.M.
P.M.
If the form you most recently submitted to USADA includes a valid e-mail address, you may submit this
location form electronically at www.usantidoping.org
Periods when you train at your secondary training location should be filled in with a Y on the Quarterly Schedule- page 2, #18.
Z. Other Regularly Scheduled Activities
14. OTHER REGULARLY SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES SCHEDULE (e.g. work, school, etc.):
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
A.M.
A.M.
Page 20f 2
P.M.
P.M.
Periods when you regularly participate in activities other than training should be filled in with a 2 on the Quarterly Schedule - page 2, #18.
Page of 2
12
13
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
ATHLETE LOCATION FORM
Quarterly Schedule
15. NAME:
last
BEST
more
16. ADDITIONAL TEMPORARY ADDRESSES:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Temporary Residence Address
Temporary Residence Address
Temporary Residence Address
Temporary Residence Address
street
street
street
street
city
a
city
state/province
S
state/province
city
be code
country other
Zip tode
country other than
code
country other
pcode
country
Temporary Training Address
Temporary Training Address
Temporary Training Address
Temporary Training Address
name actiony
name active
name
street
street
street
14
city
state/prov king
city
state/province
CRY
city
state/province
ap code
country (Former than U.S.)
210 code
country (if ONE then
200
dountry other than U S.)
country other
17. COMPETITION SCHEDULE:
E. Competition
Location
Country
Dates
name competition
city
MATE/PROVER
country other
date
ending date
name competition
only
etists/province
country other than U S.)
starting date
ending date
name of competition
city
state/province
country other manus)
ending date
name competition
city
state/province
country other than U.S.)
starting date
and date
THEYER competition
CRY
country other than U.S.)
enemo CHICO
18. QUARTERLY SCHEDULE: Fill-in each box on the calendar with the letters corresponding to the places you will be during that day. (RX,Y,Z,A,B,C,D.or E)
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Jan 2002
Feb 2002
n/a
n/a
n/a
Mar 2002
R - Residence,
X . Primary Training Location, Y= Secondary Training Location, Z . Regularly Scheduled Activities, A,B,C,D . Temporary Residence Address, E = Competition
19. ATHLETE SIGNATURE:
3.
2.
1.
analysis.
tive "A" sample analysis:
15
pany the "B" sample which will also address documents related to the "A"
this data prior to transmittal than with the documentation package to accom-
time constraints involved, there is typically less time to review and organize
representative to determine a course of action. It is understood that due to
the athlete's sample. The purpose of this data is to allow the athlete or their
urine, a positive control urine (including quantitative data where relevant), and
gas chromatography/mass spectrometric) graphical data for negative control
viated data should include applicable analytical confirmation technique (e.g.,
An abbreviated analytical report to the "A" confirmation analysis. The abbre-
the athlete's sample exceeds the threshold will be reported.
employed, that threshold will be noted. When possible, the degree to which
violation. In those cases where an administrative threshold concentration is
Notification of the prohibited substance at issue which could result in a doping
contact information for the USOC Athlete Ombudsman.
A standard notice setting forth the review procedures, athlete's rights, and
The following documents will accompany the initial notification to the athlete of a posi-
ANNEX B
ANNEX C
ANNEX D
The following documentation will be supplied as the standard documentation package:
American Arbitration Association Supplementary Procedures for Arbitration initi-
ated by the United States Anti-Doping Agency ("USADA")
Table of contents/Sample identification information
Organization requesting the test
Date of sample collection and site identification
R-1. Applicability
USADA sample identification number
Laboratory sample identification number
The Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, as modified
Chain of custody documentation for sample container
by with these Supplementary Procedures shall apply to arbitrations which arise out of
Doping Control Notification form (Laboratory copy)
the United States Anti-Doping Agency's (USADA) Protocol for Olympic Movement Test-
Transportation chain of custody (e.g., courier documentation, laboratory
ing. To the extent that there is any variance between the Commercial Arbitration Rules
receipt of container)
and the Supplementary Procedures for Arbitrations initiated by USADA, the Supple-
Notices of any irregularities (e.g., memoranda for the record)
mentary Procedures shall control.
"A" sample container chain(s) of custody
"A" Sample Screening Results
Relevant aliquot chain(s) of custody
R-2. AAA and Delegation of Duties
Screening procedure data, including chromatograms (or other relevant data), for Negative
control urine
Doping cases shall be administered by the AAA through the AAA Vice President then
Positive control urine (with concentration indicated, if relevant)
serving as the Secretary for the North American/Central American/Caribbean Islands
Sample urine aliquot(s)
Decentralized Office of The Court of Arbitration for Sport or his/her designee (the
"A" Sample Confirmation Results
"Administrator").
Summary of the analytical principles of the confirmation method
Aliquot chain of custody
R-3. National Panel of Arbitrators
Sequence verification data
Confirmation procedure data, including chromatograms (or other relevant data), for
Negative control urine
The Panel of Arbitrators for doping cases shall consist of the North American Court of
Positive control urine (with concentration indicated, if relevant)
Arbitration of Sport ("CAS") Arbitrators who shall also be AAA Arbitrators (the "Arbitrator
Standard(s)/calibrator(s) (if relevant)
Pool").
Sample urine aliquot(s)
Analytical run instrument validation data (e.g.; tune data)
R-4. Initiation under an Arbitration Provision in a Contract
"A" sample report (including numerical data for threshold substances*)
pH, Specific Gravity, and other urine integrity test results (if applicable,
Arbitration proceedings shall be initiated by USADA by sending a notice to the athlete
including abnormal appearance of sample) performed in laboratory.
"B" Sample Confirmation Results
and the Administrator which sets forth the sanction, consistent with the applicable Inter-
"B" sample container chain(s) of custody
national Federation rules, which USADA is seeking to have imposed and other possible
Summary of the analytical principles of the confirmation method (if different than
"A")
sanctions which could be imposed under the applicable International Federation rules.
Aliquot chain of custody
The notice shall also advise the athlete of the name and telephone number of the Ath-
Sequence verification data
lete Ombudsman and shall include a copy of the USADA Protocol for Olympic Sport
Confirmation procedure data, including chromatograms (or other relevant data), for
Testing and the Modifications to AAA Commercial Rules. The parties to the proceeding
Negative control urine
shall be USADA and the athlete. The applicable International Federation shall also be
Positive control urine (with concentration indicated, if relevant)
invited to join in the proceeding as a party or as an observer.
Standard(s)/calibrator(s) (if relevant)
Sample urine aliquot(s)
R-5. Initiation under a Submission
Analytical run instrument validation data (e.g., tune data)
"B" sample report (including numerical data for threshold substances*)
Reports and Correspondence
Parties to any existing dispute may commence an arbitration under these rules by filing
All facsimiles or letters related to analysis and reporting of sample results
at any office of the AAA two copies of a written submission to arbitrate under these
rules, signed by the parties. It shall contain a statement of the nature of the dispute, the
*For threshold substances, an estimate of the ratio or concentration or an estimate of the concen-
names and addresses of all parties, any claims and counterclaims, the amount in-
tration relative to the threshold (i.e. 20 times the threshold concentration) is deemed acceptable.
volved, if any, the remedy sought, and the hearing locale requested, together with the
16
17
appropriate filing fee as provided in the schedule included with these rules. Unless the
parties state otherwise in the submission, all claims and counterclaims will be deemed
R-10. Administrative Conference
to be denied by the other party.
At the request of any party or upon the AAA's own initiative, the AAA may conduct an
R-6. Changes of Claim
administrative conference, in person or by telephone, with the parties and/or their repre-
sentatives. The conference may address such issues as arbitrator selection, potential
After filing of a claim, if either party desires to make any new or different claim or coun-
mediation of the dispute, potential exchange of information, a timetable for hearings
terclaim, it shall be made in writing and filed with the AAA. The party asserting such a
and any other administrative matters. There is no administrative fee for this service.
claim or counterclaim shall provide a copy to the other party, who shall have 15 days
from the date of such transmission within which to file an answering statement with the
R-11. Fixing of Locale
AAA. After the arbitrator is appointed, however, no new or different claim may be sub-
mitted except with the arbitrator's consent.
The locale of the arbitration shall be in the United States at a location determined by the
Administrator using criteria established by the AAA.
R-7. Applicable Procedures
R-12. Qualifications of an Arbitrator
All rules. cases shall be administered in accordance with Sections R-1 through R-57 of these
(a) Any neutral arbitrator appointed pursuant to Section R-13, R-14, R-15, or
selected by mutual choice of the parties or their appointees, shall be subject
The applicable procedure shall be the regular procedure (as opposed to the Expedited
to disqualification for the reasons specified in Section R-19. If the parties spe-
or Complex procedures) set forth in the AAA Commercial Arbitration Rules.
cifically so agree in writing, the arbitrator shall not be subject to disqualifica-
tion for those reasons.
R-8. Jurisdiction
Delete R-12(b). Party-appointed arbitrators are expected to be neutral and
(a) The arbitrator shall have the power to rule on his or her own jurisdiction,
may be disqualified for the reasons set forth in R-19.
including any objections with respect to the existence, scope or validity of the
arbitration agreement.
R-13. Appointment from Panel
(b) The arbitrator shall have the power to determine the existence or validity
If the parties have not appointed an arbitrator and have not provided any other method
of a contract of which an arbitration clause forms a part. Such an arbitration
of appointment, the arbitrator shall be appointed in the following manner:
clause shall be treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of
(a) Immediately after the filing of the submission or the answering statement
the contract. A decision by the arbitrator that the contract is null and void shall
or the expiration of the time within which the answering statement is to be
not for that reason alone render invalid the arbitration clause.
filed, the AAA shall send simultaneously to each party to the dispute an iden-
tical list of names of persons chosen from the panel. The parties are encour-
(c) A party must object to the jurisdiction of the arbitrator or to the arbitrability
aged to agree to an arbitrator from the submitted list and to advise the AAA of
of a claim or counterclaim no later than the filing of the answering statement
their agreement.
to the claim or counterclaim that gives rise to the objection. The arbitrator
may rule on such objections as a preliminary matter or as part of the final
(b) If the parties are unable to agree upon an arbitrator, each party to the dis-
award.
pute shall have 5 days from the transmittal date in which to strike names ob-
jected to, number the remaining names in order of preference, and return the
R-9. Mediation
list to the AAA. If a party does not return the list within the time specified, all
persons named therein shall be deemed acceptable. From among the per-
The reference to mediation shall be deleted.
sons who have been approved on both lists, and in accordance with the des-
ignated order of mutual preference, the AAA shall invite the acceptance of an
arbitrator to serve. If the parties fail to agree on any of the persons named, or
if acceptable arbitrators are unable to act, or if for any other reason the ap-
pointment cannot be made from the submitted lists, the AAA shall have the
power to make the appointment from among other members of the panel
18
19
without the submission of additional lists. The time limit for striking names
(c) If the parties have agreed that their party-appointed arbitrators shall ap-
and returning the list of arbitrators shall be five days instead of 15 days.
point the neutral arbitrator from the panel, the AAA shall furnish to the par-
ty-appointed arbitrators, in the manner provided in Section R-13, a list se-
Delete (c) and replace with the following: Within 5 days following the comple-
lected from the panel, and the appointment of the neutral arbitrator shall be
tion of the arbitrator selection process set forth in R-12(a) and (b), either party
made as provided in that section.
may elect instead to have the matter heard by a panel of three arbitrators.
Any party so electing shall designate one arbitrator from the Arbitrator Pool
R-16. Nationality of Arbitrator
within such 5 day period. The other party shall have an additional 5 days to
designate an arbitrator from the Arbitrator Pool. A third arbitrator from the
Where the parties are nationals or residents of different countries, the AAA, at the re-
Arbitration Pool, who will not be from the original list, shall be designated by
quest of any party or on its own initiative, may appoint as a neutral arbitrator a national
the Administrator as the chairman of the panel.
of a country other than that of any of the parties. The request must be made prior to the
time set for the appointment of the arbitrator as agreed by the parties or set by these
R-14. Direct Appointment by a Party
rules.
(a) If the agreement of the parties names an arbitrator or specifies a method
R-17. Number of Arbitrators
of appointing an arbitrator, that designation or method shall be followed. The
notice of appointment, with the name and address of the arbitrator, shall be
If the arbitration agreement does not specify the number of arbitrators, the dispute shall
filed with the AAA by the appointing party. Upon the request of any appoint-
be heard and determined by one arbitrator, unless the AAA, in its discretion, directs that
ing party, the AAA shall submit a list of members of the panel from which the
three arbitrators be appointed. The parties may request three arbitrators in their de-
party may, if it so desires, make the appointment.
mand or answer, which request the AAA will consider in exercising its discretion regard-
ing the number of arbitrators appointed to the dispute.
(b) If the agreement specifies a period of time within which an arbitrator shall
be appointed and any party fails to make the appointment within that period,
R-18. Notice to Arbitrator of Appointment
the AAA shall make the appointment.
Notice of the appointment of the neutral arbitrator, whether appointed mutually by the
(c) If no period of time is specified in the agreement, the AAA shall notify the
parties or by the AAA, shall be sent to the arbitrator by the AAA, together with a copy of
party to make the appointment. If within 15 days after such notice has been
these rules, and the signed acceptance of the arbitrator shall be filed with the AAA prior
sent, an arbitrator has not been appointed by a party, the AAA shall make the
to the opening of the first hearing.
appointment.
R-19. Disclosure and Challenge Procedure
R-15. Appointment of Neutral Arbitrator by Party-Appointed Arbitrators or Parties
(a) Any person appointed as a neutral arbitrator shall disclose to the AAA any
(a) If the parties have selected party-appointed arbitrators, or if such arbitra-
circumstance likely to affect impartiality or independence, including any bias
tors have been appointed as provided in Section R-14, and the parties have
or any financial or personal interest in the result of the arbitration or any past
authorized them to appoint a neutral arbitrator within a specified time and no
or present relationship with the parties or their representatives. Upon receipt
appointment is made within that time or any agreed extension, the AAA may
of such information from the arbitrator or another source, the AAA shall com-
appoint a neutral arbitrator, who shall act as chairperson.
municate the information to the parties and, if it deems it appropriate to do so,
to the arbitrator and others.
(b) If no period of time is specified for appointment of the neutral arbitrator
and the party-appointed arbitrators or the parties do not make the appoint-
(b) Upon objection of a party to the continued service of a neutral arbitrator,
ment within 15 days from the date of the appointment of the last party-ap-
the AAA shall determine whether the arbitrator should be disqualified and
pointed arbitrator, the AAA may appoint the neutral arbitrator, who shall act
shall inform the parties of its decision, which shall be conclusive.
as chairperson.
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21
R-20. Communication with Arbitrator
(b) At least five (5) business days prior to the hearing, the parties shall ex-
(a) No party and no one acting on behalf of any party shall communicate uni-
change copies of all exhibits they intend to submit at the hearing.
laterally concerning the arbitration with a neutral arbitrator or a candidate for
neutral arbitrator. Unless the parties agree otherwise or the arbitrator so di-
(c) The arbitrator is authorized to resolve any disputes concerning the ex-
rects, any communication from the parties to a neutral arbitrator shall be sent
change of information.
to the AAA for transmittal to the arbitrator.
R-24. Date, Time, and Place of Hearing
(b) The parties or the arbitrators may also agree that once the panel has been
constituted, no party and no one acting on behalf of any party shall communi-
Except as may be mutually agreed by the parties or upon the request of a single party
cate unilaterally concerning the arbitration with any party-appointed arbitrator.
for good cause as may be determined by the arbitrator, the hearing, including any brief-
ing ordered by the arbitrator, shall be completed within three months of the appointment
R-21. Vacancies
of the arbitrator. On good cause shown by any party, the hearing process shall be ex-
pedited as may be necessary in order the resolve the determination of an athlete's eligi-
(a) If for any reason an arbitrator is unable to perform the duties of the office,
bility prior to any protected competition or team selection for a protected competition.
the AAA may, on proof satisfactory to it, declare the office vacant. Vacancies
shall be filled in accordance with the applicable provisions of these rules.
R-25. Attendance at Hearings
(b) In the event of a vacancy in a panel of neutral arbitrators after the hear-
The arbitrator and the AAA shall maintain the privacy of the hearings unless the law
ings have commenced, the remaining arbitrator or arbitrators may continue
provides to the contrary. Any person having a direct interest in the arbitration is entitled
with the hearing and determination of the controversy, unless the parties
to attend hearings. The arbitrator shall otherwise have the power to require the exclu-
agree otherwise.
sion of any witness, other than a party or other essential person, during the testimony of
any other witness. It shall be discretionary with the arbitrator to determine the propriety
(c) In the event of the appointment of a substitute arbitrator, the panel of arbi-
of the attendance of any other person other than a party and its representatives. At the
trators shall determine in its sole discretion whether it is necessary to repeat
arbitrator's discretion, hearings may also be conducted telephonically.
all or part of any prior hearings.
R-26. Representation
R-22. Preliminary Hearing
Any party may be represented by counsel or other authorized representative. A party
(a) At the request of any party or at the discretion of the arbitrator or the AAA,
intending to be SO represented shall notify the other party and the AAA of the name and
the arbitrator may schedule as soon as practicable a preliminary hearing with
address of the representative at least three days prior to the date set for the hearing at
the parties and/or their representatives. The preliminary hearing may be con-
which that person is first to appear. When such a representative initiates an arbitration
ducted by telephone at the arbitrator's discretion. There is no administrative
or responds for a party, notice is deemed to have been given.
fee for the first preliminary hearing.
R-27. Oaths
(b) During the preliminary hearing, the parties and the arbitrator should dis-
cuss the future conduct of the case, including clarification of the issues and
Before proceeding with the first hearing, each arbitrator may take an oath of office and,
claims, a schedule for the hearings and any other preliminary matters.
if required by law, shall do SO. The arbitrator may require witnesses to testify under oath
administered by any duly qualified person and, if it is required by law or requested by
R-23. Exchange of Information
any party, shall do SO.
(a) At the request of any party or at the discretion of the arbitrator, consistent
R-28. Stenographic Record
with the expedited nature of arbitration, the arbitrator may direct (i) the pro-
duction of documents and other information, and (ii) the identification of any
Any party desiring a stenographic record shall make arrangements directly with a ste-
witnesses to be called.
nographer and shall notify the other parties of these arrangements at least three days in
advance of the hearing. The requesting party or parties shall pay the cost of the record.
If the transcript is agreed by the parties, or determined by the arbitrator to be the official
22
23
record of the proceeding, it must be provided to the arbitrator and made available to the
other parties for inspection, at a date, time, and place determined by the arbitrator.
R-33. Evidence
R-29. Interpreters
(a) The parties may offer such evidence as is relevant and material to the
dispute and shall produce such evidence as the arbitrator may deem neces-
Any party wishing an interpreter shall make all arrangements directly with the inter-
sary to an understanding and determination of the dispute. Conformity to
preter and shall assume the costs of the service.
legal rules of evidence shall not be necessary. All evidence shall be taken in
the presence of all of the arbitrators and all of the parties, except where any
R-30. Postponements
of the parties is absent, in default or has waived the right to be present.
The arbitrator may postpone any hearing upon agreement of the parties, upon request
(b) The arbitrator shall determine the admissibility, relevance, and materiality
of a party for good cause shown, or upon the arbitrator's own initiative. A party or par-
of the evidence offered and may exclude evidence deemed by the arbitrator
ties causing a postponement of a hearing will be charged a postponement fee, as set
to be cumulative or irrelevant.
forth in the administrative fee schedule.
(c) The arbitrator shall take into account applicable principles of legal privi-
R-31. Arbitration in the Absence of a Party or Representative
lege, such as those involving the confidentiality of communications between a
lawyer and client.
Unless the law provides to the contrary, the arbitration may proceed in the absence of
any party or representative who, after due notice, fails to be present or fails to obtain a
(d) An arbitrator or other person authorized by law to subpoena witnesses or
postponement. An award shall not be made solely on the default of a party. The arbitra-
documents may do so upon the request of any party or independently.
require for the making of an award.
tor shall require the party who is present to submit such evidence as the arbitrator may
(e) New Rule: In all hearings conducted pursuant to these rules, the applica-
ble International Federation's categories of prohibited substances, definition
R-32. Conduct of Proceedings
of doping and sanctions shall be applied. In the event an IF's rules are silent
on an issue, the rules set forth in the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code
(a) The claimant shall present evidence to support its claim. The respondent
shall apply. IF and Code rules may be mitigated, as appropriate, by the prin-
shall then present evidence to support its defense. Witnesses for each party
ciples set forth in the decisions of CAS. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a)
shall also submit to questions from the arbitrator and the adverse party. The
The IOC laboratories used by USADA shall be presumed to have conducted
arbitrator has the discretion to vary this procedure, provided that the parties
testing and custodial procedures in accordance to prevailing and acceptable
are treated with equality and that each party has the right to be heard and is
standards of scientific practice. This presumption can be rebutted by evi-
given a fair opportunity to present its case.
dence to the contrary, but the accredited laboratory shall have no onus in the
first instance to show that it conducted the procedures other than in accor-
(b) The arbitrator, exercising his or her discretion, shall conduct the proceed-
dance with its standard practices conforming to any applicable IOC require-
ings with a view to expediting the resolution of the dispute and may direct the
ments; (b) laboratories shall only be required to produce the documentation
order of proof, bifurcate proceedings and direct the parties to focus their pres-
provided for in USADA's Protocol for Olympic Sport Testing unless the arbi-
case. entations on issues the decision of which could dispose of all or part of the
trator finds that the athlete has a compelling need for additional information.
In such event, the cost from the laboratory of providing the additional informa-
tion shall be borne by the athlete; (c) minor irregularities in sample collection,
(c) The parties may agree to waive oral hearings in any case.
sample testing or other procedures set forth herein which cannot reasonably
be considered to have effected the results of an otherwise valid test or collec-
tion shall have no effect on such results; and (d) if contested, USADA shall
have the burden of establishing the integrity of the sample collection process,
the chain of custody of the sample, and the accuracy of laboratory test results
by clear and convincing evidence unless the rules of the applicable IF set a
higher standard.
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25
R-34. Evidence Evidence by Affidavit and Posthearing Filing of Documents or Other
R-34 and the date set for their receipt is later than that set for the receipt of briefs, the
later date shall be the closing date of the hearing. The time limit within which the arbi-
trator is required to make the award shall commence, in the absence of other agree-
(a) The arbitrator may receive and consider the evidence of witnesses by
ments by the parties, upon the closing of the hearing.
declaration or affidavit, but shall give it only such weight as the arbitrator
deems it entitled to after consideration of any objection made to its admission.
R-38. Reopening of Hearing
(b) If the parties agree or the arbitrator directs that documents or other evi-
The hearing may be reopened on the arbitrator's initiative, or upon application of a
dence be submitted to the arbitrator after the hearing, the documents or other
party, at any time before the award is made. If reopening the hearing would prevent the
evidence shall be filed with the AAA for transmission to the arbitrator. All par-
making of the award within the specific time agreed on by the parties in the contract(s)
ties shall be afforded an opportunity to examine and respond to such docu-
out of which the controversy has arisen, the matter may not be reopened unless the
ments or other evidence.
parties agree on an extension of time. When no specific date is fixed in the contract, the
R-35. Inspection or Investigation
arbitrator may reopen the hearing and shall have 10 days from the closing of the re-
opened hearing within which to make an award. The 30 day period for re-opening a
hearing [under rule 38] shall be reduced to 10 days.
An arbitrator finding it necessary to make an inspection or investigation in connection
with the arbitration shall direct the AAA to so advise the parties. The arbitrator shall set
R-39. Waiver of Rules
the date and time and the AAA shall notify the parties. Any party who so desires may
be present at such an inspection or investigation. In the event that one or all parties are
Any party who proceeds with the arbitration after knowledge that any provision or re-
not present at the inspection or investigation, the arbitrator shall make an oral or written
quirement of these rules has not been complied with and who fails to state an objection
report to the parties and afford them an opportunity to comment.
in writing shall be deemed to have waived the right to object.
R-36. Interim Measures
R-40. Extensions of Time
(a) The arbitrator may take whatever interim measures he or she deems nec-
The parties may modify any period of time by mutual agreement. The AAA or the arbi-
essary, including injunctive relief and measures for the protection or conser-
trator may for good cause extend any period of time established by these rules, except
vation of property and disposition of perishable goods.
the time for making the award. The AAA shall notify the parties of any extension.
(b) Such interim measures may take the form of an interim award, and the
R-41. Serving of Notice
arbitrator may require security for the costs of such measures.
(a) Any papers, notices, or process necessary or proper for the initiation or
continuation of an arbitration under these rules, for any court action in con-
(c) A request for interim measures addressed by a party to a judicial authority
nection therewith, or for the entry of judgment on any award made under
shall not be deemed incompatible with the agreement to arbitrate or a waiver
of the right to arbitrate.
these rules may be served on a party by mail addressed to the party, or its
representative at the last known address or by personal service, in or outside
R-37. Closing of Hearing
the state where the arbitration is to be held, provided that reasonable oppor-
tunity to be heard with regard to the dispute is or has been granted to the
The arbitrator shall specifically inquire of all parties whether they have any further
party.
proofs to offer or witnesses to be heard. Upon receiving negative replies or if satisfied
(b) The AAA, the arbitrator and the parties may also use overnight delivery or
that the record is complete, the arbitrator shall declare the hearing closed.
electronic facsimile transmission (fax), to give the notices required by these
rules. Where all parties and the arbitrator agree, notices may be transmitted
If briefs are to be filed, the hearing shall be declared closed as of the final date set by
the arbitrator for the receipt of briefs, If documents are to be filed as provided in Section
by electronic mail (E-mail), or other methods of communication.
26
27
(c) Unless otherwise instructed by the AAA or by the arbitrator, any docu-
ments submitted by any party to the AAA or to the arbitrator shall simultane-
All fees and expenses payable to the AAA, the arbitrator or for witnesses or
ously be provided to the other party or parties to the arbitration.
proof produced at the direct request of the arbitrator shall be paid solely by
USADA.
R-42. Majority Decision
R-46. Award upon Settlement
When the panel consists of more than one arbitrator, unless required by law or by the
arbitration agreement, a majority of the arbitrators must make all decisions.
If the parties settle their dispute during the course of the arbitration and if the parties so
request, the arbitrator may set forth the terms of the settlement in a "consent award."
R-43. Time of Award
R-47. Delivery of Award to Parties
The award shall be made promptly by the arbitrator and, unless otherwise agreed by
the parties or specified by law, no later than 10 days from the date of closing the hear-
Parties shall accept as notice and delivery of the award the placing of the award or a
ing, or, if oral hearings have been waived, from the date of the AAA's transmittal of the
true copy thereof in the mail addressed to the parties or their representatives at the last
final statements and proofs to the arbitrator. The 30 day period given to the arbitrator
known addresses, personal or electronic service of the award, or the filing of the award
[under rule 43] for rendering an award shall be reduced to 10 days.
in any other manner that is permitted by law.
R-44. Form of Award
R-48. Modification of Award
(a) Any award shall be in writing and signed by a majority of the arbitrators. It
Within 5 days after the transmittal of an award, any party, upon notice to the other par-
shall be executed in the manner required by law. In all cases, the arbitrator
ties, may request the arbitrator, through the AAA, to correct any clerical, typographical,
shall render a reasoned award.
or computational errors in the award. The arbitrator is not empowered to redetermine
the merits of any claim already decided. The other parties shall be given 5 days to re-
R-45. Scope of Award
spond to the request. The arbitrator shall dispose of the request within 5 days after
transmittal by the AAA to the arbitrator of the request and any response thereto. The
(a) The arbitrator may grant any remedy or relief that the arbitrator deems just
time periods provided for seeking modification of the award [under rule 48] shall be re-
and equitable and within the scope of the agreement of the parties, including,
duced to 5 days.
but not limited to, specific performance of a contract.
R-49. Release of Documents for Judicial Proceedings
(b) In addition to a final award, the arbitrator may make other decisions, in-
cluding interim, interlocutory, or partial rulings, orders, and awards. In any
The AAA shall, upon the written request of a party, furnish to the party, at the party's
interim, interlocutory, or partial award, the arbitrator may assess and appor-
expense, certified copies of any papers in the AAA's possession that may be required
tion the fees, expenses, and compensation related to such award as the arbi-
in judicial proceedings relating to the arbitration. The AAA shall also furnish copies of
trator determines is appropriate.
documents required in connection with CAS proceedings.
(c) In the final award, the arbitrator shall assess the fees, expenses, and com-
R-49 A. New Rule:
pensation provided in Sections R-51, R-52, and R-53. The arbitrator may ap-
portion such fees, expenses, and compensation among the parties in such
The arbitration award may be appealed to CAS by either the athlete or by the applica-
amounts as the arbitrator determines is appropriate.
ble International Federation (whether or not a party). Notice of appeal shall be filed
with the Administrator within the time period provided in the CAS appellate rules. Ap-
(d) The award of the arbitrator(s) may include: (a) interest at such rate and
peals to CAS filed under these rules shall be heard in the United States. The decisions
from such date as the arbitrator(s) may deem appropriate; and (b) an award
of CAS shall be final and binding on all parties and shall not be subject to any further
of attorneys' fees if all parties have requested such an award or it is author-
review or appeal except as permitted by the Swiss Federal Judicial Organization Act or
ized by law or their arbitration agreement.
the Swiss statute on private international law.
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29
R-50. Applications to Court and Exclusion of Liability
(b) Arbitrators shall be compensated at a rate consistent with the arbitrator's
stated rate of compensation, beginning with the first day of hearing in all
(a) No judicial proceeding by a party relating to the subject matter of the arbi-
cases with claims exceeding $10,000.
tration shall be deemed a waiver of the party's right to arbitrate.
(c) If there is disagreement concerning the terms of compensation, an appro-
(b) Neither the AAA nor any arbitrator in a proceeding under these rules is a
priate rate shall be established with the arbitrator by the AAA and confirmed
necessary party in judicial proceedings relating to the arbitration.
to the parties.
(c) Parties to an arbitration under these rules shall be deemed to have con-
(d) Any arrangement for the compensation of a neutral arbitrator shall be
sented that judgment upon the arbitration award may be entered in any fed-
made through the AAA and not directly between the parties and the arbitrator.
eral or state court having jurisdiction thereof.
R-54. Deposits
(d) Neither the AAA nor any arbitrator shall be liable to any party for any act
or omission in connection with any arbitration conducted under these rules.
The AAA may require the parties to deposit in advance of any hearings such sums of
money as it deems necessary to cover the expense of the arbitration, including the arbi-
R-51. Administrative Fees
trator's fee, if any, and shall render an accounting to the parties and return any unex-
pended balance at the conclusion of the case.
As a not-for-profit organization, the AAA shall prescribe filing and other administrative
fees and service charges to compensate it for the cost of providing administrative ser-
R-55. Interpretation and Application of Rules
vices. The fees in effect when the fee or charge is incurred shall be applicable.
The arbitrator shall interpret and apply these rules insofar as they relate to the arbitra-
The filing fee shall be advanced by the party or parties making a claim or counterclaim,
tor's powers and duties. When there is more than one arbitrator and a difference arises
subject to final apportionment by the arbitrator in the award.
among them concerning the meaning or application of these rules, it shall be decided
by a majority vote. If that is not possible, either an arbitrator or a party may refer the
The AAA may, in the event of extreme hardship on the part of any party, defer or re-
question to the AAA for final decision. All other rules shall be interpreted and applied by
duce the administrative fees.
the AAA.
R-52. Expenses
R-56. Suspension for Nonpayment
The expenses of witnesses for either side shall be paid by the party producing such
If arbitrator compensation or administrative charges have not been paid in full, the AAA
witnesses. All other expenses of the arbitration, including required travel and other ex-
may so inform the parties in order that one of them may advance the required payment.
penses of the arbitrator, AAA representatives, and any witness and the cost of any
If such payments are not made, the arbitrator may order the suspension or termination
proof produced at the direct request of the arbitrator, shall be borne equally by the par-
of the proceedings. If no arbitrator has yet been appointed, the AAA may suspend the
ties, unless they agree otherwise or unless the arbitrator in the award assesses such
proceedings.
expenses or any part thereof against any specified party or parties.
R-57. New Rule:
R-53. Neutral Arbitrator's Compensation
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any athlete, within 10 days following the date of the no-
(a) Unless the parties agree otherwise, members of the National Panel of
tice described in R-4 above, shall be entitled, at his or her option, to elect to bypass the
Commercial Arbitrators appointed as neutrals on cases administered under
hearing process described above and proceed directly to a single final hearing before
the Expedited Procedures with claims not exceeding $10,000, will customarily
CAS, which hearing will be conducted in the United States.
serve without compensation for the first day of service. Thereafter, arbitrators
shall receive compensation as set forth herein.
The CAS decision shall be final and binding and shall not be subject to further review or
appeal except as permitted by the Swiss Federal Judicial Organization Act or the Swiss
statute on private international law.
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31
United States Anti-Doping Agency
1265 Lake Plaza Dr.
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
Web Site
www.usantidoping.org
1-719-785-2000 (phone)
1-719-785-2001 (fax)
1-866-601-0392 (toll-free phone)
USADA Drug Reference Line
1-800-233-0393
USADA Results Management Diagram
A Sample Positive
B Sample Positive
USADA Independent Review Panel
Recommendation
Dismiss.
Case is over.
Basis to Proceed
Athlete accepts
sanction proposed
by USADA.
Go to Hearing.
Held in USA.
Athlete chooses between
Paths 1 and 2 below.
(1)
AAA Hearing
North American CAS Arbitrators.
Modified AAA Rules
Single arbitrator unless any party
elects to have 3.
(2)
Athlete or IF may
appeal AAA
Decision.
CAS Hearing
International Panel of CAS Arbitrators
Standard CAS Appeal Division Rules
H:/usadamgt.vsd
Timeline and Notices Under USADA Protocol
STEP IN PROCESS
NOTICE GOES TO
Urine provided by Athlete
- 2 weeks -
Negative A laboratory report
1
Athlete, NGB & USOC
Positive (or elevated) A lab report
Athlete & NGB & USOC
- 2 weeks -
B lab report (positive or negative)
Athlete, NGB & USOC
- 3 weeks -
Review Panel Recommendation (to proceed or to
Athlete, NGB, USOC, IF & WADA
dismiss)
- 10 days -
Notice that the athlete has accepted a sanction
Athlete, NGB, USOC, IF & WADA - Public
proposed by USADA
announcement of sanction
Notice of hearing
Athlete, IF, (NGB, USOC & WADA but not
as parties)
- 3 months -
AAA/CAS Decision
Athlete, IF, NGB, USOC & WADA - Public
announcement of sanction
- 20 days -
Appeal by Athlete or IF of AAA decision to CAS
Athlete, IF, NGB, USOC & WADA
- 3 months
Decision by CAS on appeal if first hearing is
CAS decision is a public document
before AAA
1
Notice from USADA will include the date and location of the sample collection, the athlete's
sample number and name and the laboratory test result. The IOC accredited laboratories are required to
give notice to the IOC and relevant IF directly any time there is a positive A or B test. However, that notice
does not include the athlete's name (samples sent to the labs are identified only by number - not by
name). Most NGBs will, upon request, routinely forward the athlete's name to the IF and update the IF on
the status of proceedings.
#93024 v1
11/28/00
USADA LEADERSHIP BIOGRAPHIES
Frank Shorter, Chairman, U.S. Anti-Doping Agency
A two-time Olympian medal winner, Frank Shorter, became the Chairman of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency
(USADA) Board of Directors in April 2000.
A member of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame, Shorter has worked extensively in support of anti-doping
initiatives worldwide and recently testified before the U.S. Congress on this issue. In addition, he was an
advisor to President Clinton's Office of Drug Control Policy and Senator John McCain's Commerce
Committee regarding International Olympic Committee reform.
Shorter, 53, won the gold medal in the marathon at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany, and
the silver medal at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Canada.
A 1969 graduate of Yale University (New Haven, Conn.), Shorter won the 1972 Sullivan Award as the
most outstanding American amateur athlete. In 1971, he won the marathon and 10,000 meter gold medal
at the Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia. Shorter also owns four 10,000-meter and marathon
national titles.
He was admitted to the state of Colorado Bar Association in 1975, one year after earning his law degree
from the University of Florida in Gainesville. Shorter graduated from Northfield-Mt. Hermon (Mass.) High
School in 1965.
Among Shorter's other accolades are induction into the U.S. Track and Field Hall of Fame and the U.S.
Distance Running Hall of Fame. He also has served as a color commentator for the past four Olympic
Games for NBC.
Since 1977, he has served as president of Frank Shorter Sports, a sportswear company in the U.S.,
Canada and Japan.
Terry Madden, U.S. Anti-Doping Agency CEO
Terry Madden became the Chief Executive Officer of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) in April 2000
after serving as Chief of Staff to United States Olympic Committee (USOC) President Bill Hybl.
As Chief Executive Officer, Madden works closely with USADA Chairman of the Board Frank Shorter and
other members of the agency's board of directors to strengthen the United States' position as the leader
in the fight against prohibited substances in international sport.
Madden's diverse professional background includes serving as Executive Director of USA Badminton
(1997-98), during which time he reorganized the management structure of the national governing body
and implemented a streamlined system for financial management, budgeting and auditing.
From 1979-95, Madden worked as a U.S. Treasury Bond and Treasury Note Financial Futures Pit Broker
at the Chicago Board of Trade. in addition to his work as a pit broker, he served as Secretary of the
Board of Trade (1979) and was a member of the Office of Investigation and Audits (1978).
Madden, who graduated from the University of Notre Dame Law School in 1976, began his professional
career as Assistant District Attorney for the Dallas (Texas) County District Attorney's Office (1976-78). He
also earned a bachelor of business administration degree in finance from Notre Dame in 1973.
Madden and his wife, Lee, reside in Colorado Springs and are the parents of three children.
USADA
SWITED STATES ANTI AGENCY
USADA LEADERSHIP BIOGRAPHIES
Larry Bowers, Senior Managing Director of Technical and Information Resources
Larry Bowers, Ph.D. joined the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency in September 2000 as the Senior Managing
Director of Technical and Information Resources.
Prior to his appointment with USADA, Bowers spent the past eight years as the Director of Athletic Drug
Testing and Toxicology Laboratory at Indiana University. He was a professor of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, as well as in the Department of Chemistry at the Purdue University School of Science.
As senior managing director, Bowers will be responsible for leading the research efforts into prohibited
substances, including detection. He will direct the development of an anti-doping educational program for
America's youth in sport, as well as the resources for technical and educational anti-doping information
for Olympic and elite athletes in the United States. He will also oversee the drug-testing program for
USADA.
Bowers serves as a consultant with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration medical Devices Advisory
Committee, and was deputy director of the Athletic Drug Testing Laboratory for the 1996 Olympic Games.
He has published more than 100 papers on drug testing and chemistry and, in the past five years, made
presentations at more than 35 conferences and scientific meetings. Bowers has also served as an expert
on the doping control review panels.
He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry from Franklin & Marshall College (Lancaster, Pa.) in
1972, and completed his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Georgia (Athens) in 1975. Two years
later, Bowers finished his post-doctoral study at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center.
Bowers was re-elected to the Federation Internationale de Natation Amateur (FINA, aquatic sports)
Doping Review Board through 2005. He has also served as an expert witness on several international
federation appeal cases, and was a past member of the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF)
review panel.
USADA Board of Directors
Frank Shorter (Chairman)
Dr. Ralph W. Hale (Vice Chairman)
Kate Hendrickson Borg (Secretary)
Barry Axelrod (Treasurer)
Peter Breen, ATC
Lawrence Brown, Jr., MD, MPH
Dr. Richard W. Cohen
Jean Fourcoy, M.D., PhD, MPH
Andrew Mecca, Dr.,
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DEPINC ASSECT
BIOGRAPHIES OF U.S. ANTI-DOPING AGENCY BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Frank Shorter, Chair
A two-time Olympian, Shorter won the gold medal in the marathon at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany,
and the silver medal at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Canada. A member of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame,
Shorter has worked extensively in support of anti-doping initiatives worldwide and recently testified before the United
States Congress on this issue.
Dr. Ralph W. Hale, Vice Chair
The executive vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gyneocologists, Dr. Hale was a member
of the U.S. delegation staff at four Olympic Games (1988, 1992, 1994 and 1996). Dr. Hale served on the USOC for
16 years as a representative of U.S. Water Polo. His extensive work in international sport includes serving as a
member of the USOC/USSR Anti-Doping Commission (1989-92). Dr. Hale also served as USOC vice president
(1993-96).
Kate Hendrickson Borg, Secretary
A member of the 1992 U.S. Olympic Team in the sport of canoe/kayak, Hendrickson Borg served as an athlete liaison
and athlete services coordinator for the 1997 World University Games and the 1999 Pan American Games.
Hendrickson Borg, who was a member of the U.S. Canoe/Kayak National Team from 1988 to 1996, remains active as
a competitor in road races, marathons and triathlons.
Barry Axelrod, Treasurer
A graduate of UCLA Law School, Axelrod is an attorney specializing in sports, entertainment and business law. He
represents such athletes as Olympians Willie Banks, Julianne McNamara and Mary Lou Retton, professional athletes
Jeff Bagwell, Craig Biggio and Darryl Kile and entertainers Mark Harmon and Pam Dawber.
Peter Breen, ATC
A member of the 1992 U.S. Olympic Team in the sport of ice dancing, Breen has worked as a certified athletic trainer
for the past eight years. He is currently completing requirements for a master's degree in physical therapy from
Boston University. Breen has experience in a variety of physical rehabilitation settings across the U.S. and
internationally.
Lawrence S. Brown, Jr., MD, MPH
Lawrence S. Brown, Jr., is a physician-researcher with training in internal medicine, neuroendocrinology and
addiction medicine. Dr. Brown is the Senior Vice President at the Addiction Research and Treatment Corp. in
Brooklyn, N.Y. He has appointments as Visting Physician at Rockefeller Hospital and Clinical Assistant Professor of
Public Health of the Weill Medical College at Cornell University. He also is a member of teh Baord of trustees of the
American Society of Addicition Medicine. Dr. Brown provides consultation to a host of government and private
agencies. This includes Dr. Brown's role as Medical Advisor to the National Football League.
Dr. Richard W. Cohen
A former member of the Doping Control Commission for USA Weightlifting and the U.S. Bobsled and Skeleton
Federation, Dr. Cohen served as chairman of the Doping Control Commission for the 1996 Olympic Games in
Atlanta. He served as an advisor on doping control to the Nagano Olympic Organizing Committee during the 1998
Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan. A noted orthopeadic surgeon, Dr. Cohen is chairman of the Wellstar
Health System Ethics Committee in Atlanta.
Jean Fourcoy, M.D., PhD, MPH
A medical officer with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the Division of Clinical Laboratory Devices, Dr.
Fourcroy is regarded as an expert on the subject of anabolic steroids, androgens, and their alternatives. A noted
clinician, researcher, and scientist, Dr. Fourcroy has worked extensively with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency on
the development of regulatory and educational formats both domestically and abroad.
Dr. Andrew Mecca
Dr. Mecca serves as President of the California Mentor Foundation. He served as the State of California's Drug Czar
(1991-98). Dr. Mecca chaired the Governor's Policy Council on Drug and Alcohol Abuse. He also served as chairman
of th California Commission on Improving Life Through Service. He has assisted in the development of programs
designed to curb substance abuse in more than 15 countries. An accomplished triathlete and marathoner, Dr. Mecca
also serves as chairman of the Governor's Policy Council on Drug and Alcohol Abuse for the State of California.
www.usantidoping.org
as of July 13, 2001
United States Anti-Doping Agency
USADA
STAFF CONTACT INFORMATION
Linda Barnes
Terrence P. Madden
Chief Executive Officer
Coordinator, Results Management
(719) 785-2002
(719) 785-2024
[email protected]
[email protected]
Deb Davis
Larry D. Bowers, PhD.
Senior Managing Director, Technical and
Coordinator, Educational Programs
719/785-2035
Information Resources
[email protected]
(719) 785-2003
[email protected]
Karen Casey
Megan Hart
Director, Educational Programs
Coordinator, OOCTesting
719/785-2007
(719) 785-2008
[email protected]
[email protected]
Kate Mittelstadt
Kyle Kocerha
Coordinator, Inventory and Distribution
Director, Operations
(719) 785-2004
(719) 785-2027
[email protected]
[email protected]
LaDonna Reed
Richard Wanninger, Director, Communications
Coordinator, Event Testing
and Public Affairs
(719) 785-2018
(719) 785-2009
United States Anti-Doping Agency
[email protected]
[email protected]
1265 Lake Plaza Drive
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Elisha Symanski, Coordinator, Special Projects -
Dana Brick
80906
Manager, Out-of-Competition Testing
Research and Technology
Phone: 719-785-2000
(719) 785-2015
(719) 785-2006
Fax: 719-785-2001
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Chad Weikel
www.usantidoping.org
Stephanie Isley
Coordinator, Educational Programs
Manager, DCO Training and Evaluation
719-785-2015
(719) 785-2016
[email protected]
Board of Directors
[email protected]
Frank Shorter, Chair
Ralph Hale, MD, Vice Chair
Jeff Podraza, PharmD.
Angie Klonglan
:
Administrator, Operations
Barry Axelrod, Treasurer
Manager, Drug Reference Line
719/785-2022
Kate Hendrickson Borg, Secretary
(719) 785-2020
[email protected]
Lawrence Brown, MD, MPH
[email protected]
Peter Breen, ATC, MSPT
Lisa McCumber
Richard Cohen, MD
Sara Rowe
Administrator, Doping Control
Jean Fourcroy, MD, PhD, MPH
Manager, Event Testing
719/785-2034
Andrew Mecca, Dr. PH, MPH
(719) 785-2021
[email protected]
[email protected]
Lorena Martinez
Jennifer Schrier
Specialist, OOC Testing
Business Manager
719/785-2038
(719) 785-2019
[email protected]
[email protected]
Blake Schwank
Manager, Technical Support
(719) 785-2010
[email protected]
Lisa W. Skinner
Manager, Database Programming
(719) 785-2014
[email protected]
July 2, 2002
USADA
" UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
United States Anti-Doping Agency
1265 Lake Plaza Drive
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906
Phone: 719-785-2000
Fax: 719-785-2001
[email protected]
www.usantidoping.org
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-OOPING AGENCY
United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is USADA?
A: USADA stands for the United States Anti-Doping Agency. USADA began
all drug testing of Olympic and Pan American athletes on Oct. 2, 2000.
USADA is dedicated to eliminating the practice of doping in sport, including
U.S. Olympic, Pan American and Paralympic athletes. USADA is the
independent anti-doping agency for Olympic sports in the United States.
Q: What is USADA's mailing address, telephone and fax number?
A: The mailing address is: United States Anti-Doping Agency, 1265 Lake
Plaza Dr., Colorado Springs, CO 80906. USADA's toll-free telephone number
is 1-866-601-2632. USADA's fax number is 719-785-2001.
Q: What is USADA's website address?
A: www.usantidoping.org
Q: Whom will USADA test?
A: USADA has the authority to test:
any athlete who is a member of a National Governing Body (NGB);
any athlete participating at a competition sanctioned by the United
States Olympic Committee (USOC) or a NGB;
any foreign athlete who would otherwise be subject to testing by
USADA, the USOC or a NGB; any other athlete who has given his/her
consent to testing by USADA; or
any athlete who has been named by the USOC or a NGB or is
competing in a qualifying event to represent the USOC or NGB in
international competition.
Q: What type of testing will USADA conduct?
A: USADA will conduct event and out-of-competition (OOC) testing. It is
USADA's goal to conduct an equal percentage of OOC and event tests.
Q: What is Out-of-Competition (OOC) testing?
A: OOC testing is testing of individual athletes without giving prior or
advance notice of the test.
As.of May 2001
Q: For what substances are tests performed in the OOC program?
A: USADA tests the prohibited classes of substances and methods of an
athlete's international federation. An athlete should check with the appropriate
International Federation ("IF") to determine if these substances are prohibited.
Generally, the substances in the following categories; anabolic agents,
diuretics, masking agents and peptide hormones are tested under the OOC
program. Substances in the above list are not found in over-the-counter
cold/allergy medications. Over-the-counter dietary supplements, however,
may contain prohibited substances in these categories.
Q: For what substances are tests performed in the event program?
A: USADA tests the prohibited classes of substances and methods of an
athlete's international federation. An athlete should check with the appropriate
International Federation ("IF") to determine if these substances are prohibited.
The testing includes all of the categories included in the OOC program, plus,
stimulants, narcotics, and classes of prohibited substance in certain
circumstances (e.g., alcohol, marijuana, local anesthetics, corticosteroids,
beta-blockers).
Q: Who can be contacted with questions about prescriptions, vitamins or
supplements that an athlete is taking?
A: The USADA Athlete Drug Reference Line at 1-800-233-0393, or 1-719-
785-2020 (outside the United States). In addition, requests can be emailed to
[email protected].
Q: How are athletes selected for Out of Competition (OOC) Testing?
A: All NGBs are required to provide a list of athletes for inclusion in the OOC
pool. Typically each NGB has criteria developed in consultation with USADA.
Once an athlete's name is provided, that athlete will receive an enrollment
packet from USADA.
Once athletes are identified for inclusion in the OOC program, USADA will
select athletes to test based on a weighted draw system that considers
individual rankings, risk of doping with each sport, and other factors. Names
will be selected from a pool that includes all eligible athletes in all sports.
Q: Who is responsible for the athlete's location or whereabouts for the OOC
Testing Program?
A: The athlete is responsible for directly informing USADA of his or her
location or whereabouts at all times.
Q: How can an athlete update his/her location information?
A: The athlete can update his/her location information:
by mail at: United States Anti-Doping Agency, OOC Whereabouts,
1265 Lake Plaza Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80906; or
by fax at 719-785-2001; or
2
January 2002
via email to [email protected] if you are already part of the
OOC pool and have turned in your email address with a previous
USADA Athlete Location Form.
Q: What happens when a USADA Doping Control Officer (DCO) cannot locate
the athlete for an out-of-competition test?
A: It is the responsibility of the athlete to inform USADA any time they will not
be available for OOC testing. After the DCO makes a reasonable effort to the
locate the athlete for testing, the DCO is required to complete an Unavailable
Athlete Form to verify a reasonable attempt was made to locate the athlete. If
there appears to be a reasonable basis for calling this a missed test, then
within 30 days after receipt of the Unavailable forms, USADA's Chief
Executive Officer will inform the athlete and ask for an explanation. This
begins the review process.
Under the USOC Anti-Doping Policy, any athlete with three missed tests
within any rolling 18-month period shall be ineligible' for two years from the
time of the last "missed test." An athlete may face additional sanctions from
the international federation. No athlete shall be disciplined for having three
missed tests with an 18-month period unless the athlete has been offered an
opportunity for a hearing.
Q: What is the policy for a retired player to return to competition?
A: If the athlete was a member of the USADA OOC program, IF or USOC
OOC program, the athlete must be enrolled for at least six months in advance
of regaining eligible status.
Q: What should an athlete do when they retire from their sport?
A: For USADA purposes, any athlete who retires must promptly inform
USADA and their respective NGB, in writing. Also, the athlete should check
with their respective IF for their policy on retirement. Under the USOC Anti-
Doping Policy, any athlete, who has not provided advance written notice of
retirement to USADA and then refuses to participate in a USADA OOC test
claiming retirement, shall be "ineligible" for a period of two years.
Q: If I am suspended for a doping violation, do I as an athlete, still participate
in the OOC program?
A: The suspended athlete must comply with all requirements of the USADA
OOC testing program during the period of suspension and must bear the
costs associated with any OOC tests conducted by USADA on him/her during
the suspension.
Q: What laboratory will analyze the samples collected by USADA?
A: USADA will use IOC-accredited laboratories such as the UCLA Olympic
Analytical Laboratory to analyze samples collected under USADA's
jurisdiction.
3
January 2002
Q: What prohibited substance list will be used to determine if a doping
violation has potentially occurred?
A: USADA will use the International Federation (IF) prohibited substance list
of the athlete's particular sport.
Q: Will the athlete and the NGBs be informed of negative test results?
A: Yes, USADA will inform the athlete, the USOC, and the NGB by letter of
negative test results.
Q: How is an athlete informed of an 'A' sample positive or elevated test
result?
A: USADA, after receiving notification from the laboratory of an 'A' sample
positive or elevated test, will notify the athlete, the USOC and the particular
NGB by letter.
Q: How long after the 'A' sample positive or elevated test report will the 'B'
sample opening and analysis occur?
A: The 'B' sample opening and analysis will typically occur within two weeks
after the 'A' sample positive or elevated test report.
Q: Will the athlete have an opportunity to attend the 'B' sample opening and
analysis?
A: Yes. The athlete and the athlete's representative will be given the
opportunity, at the athlete's expense, to attend the 'B' sample opening and
analysis. This is another reason that maintaining a current address with
USADA is important.
Q: Who will be notified of the positive or elevated test results from the 'B'
sample analysis?
A: USADA will notify the athlete, the USOC, and the NGB.
Q: What happens if the 'B' sample analysis confirms the 'A' sample positive
or elevated test result?
A: This is considered a positive test and the test results are turned over to
USADA's Anti-Doping Review Board for its review.
Q: What is the USADA Anti-Doping Review Board?
A: The USADA Anti-Doping Review Board is a group of experts independent
of USADA with medical, technical and legal knowledge of doping matters.
These experts will meet to determine if there is sufficient evidence of doping
to proceed to a hearing.
4
January 2002
Q: Will the athlete be permitted to attend the USADA Review Board meeting?
A: No. The USADA Review Board meeting is not a hearing. The USADA
Review Board will accept written submittals from the athlete concerning the
athlete's tests.
Q: How long after the 'B' sample positive or elevated report before the USADA
Review Board meets?
A: The USADA Review Board will meet (typically by teleconference) within
approximately three weeks after the B sample positive or elevated test report.
Q: What happens after the USADA Review Board makes its recommendation
concerning the test?
A: The Review Board will present its recommendation to USADA. USADA
will be responsible for proceeding to an adjudication of the matter or closing
the matter based on the Review Board's recommendation. USADA will
forward the Review Board's recommendation to the athlete, the NGB, the
USOC, the relevant IF and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
Q: Does the athlete have the right to a hearing if USADA proceeds with
adjudication as a result of a positive or elevated test?
A: Yes. The athlete has the right to choose between two separate hearing
procedures.
The athlete may elect to proceed to a hearing before the American
Arbitration Association (AAA) using a single arbitrator (or a three-
arbitrator panel, if demanded by either of the parties) selected from a
pool of the North American Court Arbitration for Sport (NACAS)
arbitrators, who shall also be AAA arbitrators.
The athlete may elect to proceed directly to a hearing to a final and
binding hearing before the Court of Arbitration for Sport held in the
United States.
Q: What rules will apply to the hearing process?
A: Modified AAA Commercial Rules will apply to the hearing before
AAA/CAS. The regular CAS Appellate rules will apply to hearings held before
AAA.
Q: How long after the USADA Review Board's recommendation will the
hearing take place?
A: The hearing will typically take place within three months of the USADA
Review Board's recommendation.
Q: Under what rules will the sanctions for doping violations be applied?
A: The athlete's International Federation sanctions policy will apply.
5
January 2002
Q: Who will receive notice of the arbitrator's decision?
A: The decision and sanction, if any, will be sent to the athlete, the USOC,
the NGB, the IF and WADA. A public announcement of the sanction, if any,
will be made by USADA and/or the NGB.
Q: Who will enforce the sanction, if any, received from the arbitrator's
decision?
A: The arbitrator's decision and sanction will be forwarded to the NGB to
enforce.
Q: Who pays for the adjudication process?
A: USADA pays for the administration of the USADA review process and
adjudication costs (except for the CAS appeal fee). The athlete pays for all of
his/her defense costs, such as travel, legal fees, and expert witness costs.
Q: If the IF conducts the test, will USADA adjudicate the positive results?
A: Yes, for samples collected after Oct. 2, 2000. No matter where the test is
conducted, if the IF refers the matter to the NGB, then USADA will adjudicate
the case under USADA's protocol.
Q: Will the IF have a role in the adjudication process?
A: The IF will receive notice of all steps in the process from the Review
Panel recommendation forward. The IF will be invited to appear as a party or
observer at all hearings.
Please note that the answers provided above are not comprehensive, and do
not supersede the official protocol of USADA. This is intended to provide
general information only. A copy of the Protocol for Olympic Movement
Testing may be obtained upon request, or on USADA's web site at
www.usantidoping.org.
6
January 2002
United States Anti-Doping Agency
USADA
VRITED
USADA ANNOUNCES ADDITIONAL RESEARCH GRANT RECIPIENTS
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (June 13, 2002) - The United States Anti-Doping Agency
(USADA) awarded two more research grants in the fight against doping, USADA Senior
Managing Director Larry Bowers announced Thursday.
"Continued improvements in testing technology along with increased understanding of the
potential dangers of steroids, particularly for adolescents, advances our ability to deter drug use in
sports," said Bowers.
Two research awards were given to the UCLA Olympic Analytical Lab; one grant is entitled
"Improving The Detection of Erythropoietin [EPO] Administration, and focuses on the increasing
the effectiveness of detecting EPO in drug testing. The second grant - "Improving Urine Testing
for Endogenous Steroids by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry," - deals with increasing the ability
of the laboratory to tell the difference between pharmaceutical and natural testosterone. Overall,
the UCLA Olympic Analytical Lab will receive about $900,000 for the two studies.
"The research that USADA is funding is very exciting and will likely lead to enhanced doping
control. UCLA is delighted to be participating in the USADA research program," said Dr. Don
Catlin, Director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Lab.
A special project award was presented to The Hormone Foundation for a proposal to plan a
workshop on adolescent abuse of steroids and other performance-enhancing substances." The
Hormone Foundation, based in Bethesda, Md., will receive approximately $50,000 to support the
United States Anti-Doping Agency
1265 Lake Plaza Drive
project, which involves a workshop as the first activity in a multi-stage, collaborative program to
Colorado Springs, Colorado
develop and implement a national initiative to prevent the abuse of these substances.
80906
Phone: 719-785-2000
"I am delighted that the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency will be providing full funding for the program-
Fax: 719-785-2001
planning workshop on adolescent abuse of steroids and other performance-enhancing substances.
[email protected]
www.usantidoping.org
We believe that there is a window of opportunity to address this problem effectively before it
becomes a major threat to the heath and well being of the nation's youngsters" said Patricia O.
Moore, Director of The Hormone Foundation.
Board of Directors
Frank Shorter, Chair
In February, USADA awarded the initial grants to The Hastings Center and University of Utah
Ralph Hale, MD, Vice Chair
:Center for Human Toxicology (CHT). The Hastings Center proposal focuses on the ethics and
Barry Axelrod, Treasurer
Kate Hendrickson Borg, Secretary
values involved in developing rules in the area of oxygen transport enhancement, including
Lawrence Brown, MD, MPH
technologies from altitude tents to recombinant EPO and EPO gene therapy. One goal of the
Peter Breen, ATC, MSPT
grant is to develop clear guidelines for sport and athletes as to where acceptable practices end and
Richard Cohen, MD
cheating begins. The University of Utah Center for Human Toxicology grant concentrates on the
Jean Fourcroy, MD, PhD, MPH
further development of analytical testing procedures.
Andrew Mecca, Dr. PH, MPH
USADA has budgeted $2 million annually for anti-doping research. Announcements of grant
funding will occur on a quarterly basis. A number of proposals are currently under review, with
the next announcement expected in July.
USADA is the independent anti-doping agency for Olympic sports in the United States, and is
responsible for managing the testing and adjudication process for U.S. Olympic, Pan Am and
Paralympic athletes. USADA is equally dedicated to preserving the integrity of sport through
research initiatives and educational programs.
FOR MEDIA ONLY: For additional information, please contact USADA Director,
Communications and Public Affairs Rich Wanninger at 719-785-2009 or via email at
[email protected] The official USADA web site is ww.usantidoping.org
United States Anti-Doping Agency
USADA
URITED
STATES
AGENCY
USADA ANNOUNCES INITIAL 2002 RESEARCH GRANT RECIPIENTS
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Feb. 15, 2002) - The United States Anti-Doping Agency
(USADA) awarded its first two research grants in 2002 in the fight against doping, USADA
Senior Managing Director Larry Bowers announced Friday.
"Research into the issues in doping and detection of new doping chemicals and techniques are
an integral part of attacking the doping issue, along with education and testing," said Bowers.
The first research grant was awarded to The Hastings Center for a proposal entitled "Ethical,
Conceptual, and Scientific Issues in the Use of Performance Enhancing Technologies in Sport."
This study will focus on the ethics and values involved in developing rules in the area of oxygen
transport enhancement, including technologies from altitude tents to recombinant EPO and
EPO gene therapy. One goal of the grant is to develop clear guidelines for sport and athletes as
to where acceptable practices end and cheating begins. The Hastings Center, based in Garrison,
N.Y., received about $385,000 to support the project.
"The Hastings Center is delighted to take on the challenge of trying to dispel confusion and
articulate as clearly as possible the ethical considerations in performance enhancing drug use in
sport," said Dr. Tom Murray, President of the Hastings Center.
The second research award was given to the University of Utah Center for Human Toxicology
United States Anti-Doping Agency
(CHT) to develop analytical testing procedures. CHT will receive about $40,000 for their
1265 Lake Plaza Drive
Colorado Springs, Colorado
study. These tests will be used in conjunction with animal models to assess the muscle-growing
80906
capability of various steroids.
Phone: 719-785-2000
Fax: 719-785-2001
"We're pleased to be associated with USADA and receive this funding to address the growing
[email protected]
concerns about steroid precursors available as dietary supplements," said Dennis Crouch, CO-
www.usantidoping.org
director of the CHT.
Board of Directors
USADA has budgeted $2 million annually for anti-doping research. Announcements of grant
Frank Shorter, Chair
funding will occur on a quarterly basis. A number of proposals are currently under review, with
Ralph Hale, MD, Vice Chair
:
the next announcement expected in the spring.
Barry Axelrod, Treasurer
Kate Hendrickson Borg, Secretary
Lawrence Brown, MD, MPH
USADA is the independent anti-doping agency for Olympic sports in the United States, and is
Peter Breen, ATC, MSPT
responsible for managing the testing and adjudication process for U.S. Olympic, Pan Am and
Richard Cohen, MD
Paralympic athletes. USADA is equally dedicated to preserving the integrity of sport through
Jean Fourcroy, MD, PhD, MPH
research initiatives and educational programs.
Andrew Mecca, Dr. PH, MPH
United States Anti-Doping Agency
USADA
OBITED STATE DOPINE
ATHLETE ADVISORY . 2
Dietary Supplements
Many dietary supplements, which are sold over the counter or through the Internet, contain doping
substances that are prohibited by the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code and the anti-doping rules of the
International Federations and United States NGBs. These prohibited substances include steroid precursors
like DHEA, androstenedione, androstenediol, norandrostenedione and norandrostenediol and stimulants like
ephedrine (ephedra), pseudoephedrine, Ma Huang and Guarana.
While prohibited substances should be identified on the labels of dietary supplement products, that is not
always the case. Because government regulation of dietary supplements is lax and manufacturing
processes in the industry are uneven, some dietary supplements have been found to contain prohibited
substances, which are not disclosed. Studies have shown that even minute traces of contamination of a
dietary supplement with a prohibited substance like norandrostenedione can result in a positive doping test.
Because anti-doping rules make the presence of a prohibited substance in an athlete's unine a doping
offense regardless of how the substance got there, any athlete who takes a dietary supplement does so at
his or her own risk.
International Testing
United States Anti-Doping Agency
1265 Lake Plaza Drive
Aside from USADA testing, U.S. athletes could be subject to testing by the World Anti-Doping Agency
Colorado Springs, Colorado
(WADA), their respective international federation or other national anti-doping agencies. USADA has bilateral
80906
Phone: 719-785-2000
agreements with several countries that permit USADA to test athletes from those countries when they are.
Fax: 719-785-2001
training in the United States. When U.S. athletes are in those countries, they could be subject to OOC testing
[email protected]
by the respective national anti-doping agency. WADA could also test athletes, whether or not they are part of
www.usantidoping.org
the USADA out-of-competition pool of athletes. USADA does not provide location information to WADA or
the international federation. In addition, the paperwork for tests done by WADA or other national is different
than USADA forms.
Board of Directors
Frank Shorter, Chair
Ralph Hale, MD, Vice Chair
Cold Medicines
Barry Axelrod, Treasurer
Kate Hendrickson Borg, Secretary
Many over-the-counter cold medicines contain ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. These substances are
Lawrence Brown, MD, MPH
prohibited in competition. If they are detected in an athlete's urine from an in-competition control it is a
Peter Breen, ATC, MSPT
Richard Cohen, MD
doping offense.
Jean Fourcroy, MD, PhD, MPH
Andrew Mecca, Dr. PH, MPH
Medications for ADD and ADHD
Ritalin, Adderall, Pemoline, Wellbutrin and other medications prescribed for Attention Deficit Disorder and
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder contain substances, which are prohibited in competition. Unless an
athlete has obtained a prior medical authorization from his or her International Federation, the detection of
these substances in an athlete's urine from an in-competition doping control is a doping offense. As a
practical solution, many athletes with ADD or ADHD simply choose to discontinue their medication in
advance of competitions.
May 1, 2002
INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE PRESS RELEASE
IOC NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS STUDY POINTS TO NEED FOR GREATER QUALITY CONTROL - 04 April 2002
Based on the results of a study of 634 nutritional supplements, the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) today
reissued its warning to athletes against their use and strengthened its call for industry and government action to ensure their quality.
Out of the 634 samples tested, 94 (14.8%) contained substances, non listed on any label, that would have led to a positive doping test. Out of these
94 samples, 23 contained precursors (building blocks) of both nandrolone and testosterone, 64 contained precursors of testosterone alone and 7
contained precursors of nandrolone alone.
In addition to these 94 samples, 66 others (10.4%) returned borderline results for various unlabeled substances.
The 634 non-hormonal nutritional supplements were gathered from 215 different providers in 13 countries from October 2000 to November 2001.
Ninety-one percent of them were purchased in stores or over the Internet. The others were obtained from the manufacturers. The IOC-accredited
laboratory in Cologne, Germany, tested all supplements.
The results of the analysis by country follows:
Number of
Number
Percentage
Country
products
"positive"
"positive"
Netherlands
31
8
25.8%
Austria
22
5
22.7%
UK
37
7
18.9%
USA
240
45
18.8%
Italy
35
5
14.3%
Spain
29
4
13.8%
Germany
129
15
11.6%
Belgium
30
2
6.7%
France
30
2
6.7%
Norway
30
1
3.3%
Switzerland
13
-
-
Sweden
6
-
-
Hungary
2
-
-
Total
634
94
14.8%
Under the Olympic Movement's rule of strict liability, athletes are responsible for whatever substance is found in their bodies.
The IOC Medical Commission has been warning against the potential risks linked to the use of nutritional supplements since 1997. The lack of
oversight existing in some countries has prompted the IOC to intervene and to recommend to athletes not to take such products.
While the IOC has issued its warnings to elite athletes and their entourages, especially due to their liability under doping control tests, the fact that
the public is unknowingly ingesting the precursors to hormones should be a matter of public health concern.
The IOC hopes the results of this study demonstrate to governments and the industry the need for greater quality control to ensure substances not
found on the label are not found in the product. The IOC Medical Commission recommends controls, similar to those pertaining to the manufacture of
pharmaceuticals, be applied to the production of nutritional supplements.
The IOC also will recommend to National Olympic Committees (NOCs), International Federations (IFs) and Organizing Committees (OCOGs) that
they adopt a cautious stance toward forming relationships with companies that produce nutritional supplements of which the quality cannot be
guaranteed.
USADA
USADA
USADA
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-BOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPIRG AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-BOPING ASERCY
USADA
USADA
USADA
UNITEB STATES ANTI-SOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-RGPING AGENCY
UNITED
USADA
USADA
USADA
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-BSPIMG AGENCY
UWITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DEPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPINE AGENCY
USADA Guide to Prohibited Classes of
Substances and Prohibited Methods of
Doping
USADA
USADA
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI DEFINE REENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-05PING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANYI-BOPING AGENCY
USADA
USADA
USADA
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-ROPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-BOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DEPING ASENCY
USADA
USADA
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-BOPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DEPING AGENCY
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
USADA MISSION STATEMENT
The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) is dedicated to eliminating the practice of doping in sport,
including U.S. Olympic, Pan American and Paralympic athletes. USADA is the independent anti-
doping agency for Olympic sports in the United States, and is responsible for managing the testing
and adjudication process for the athletes. USADA is dedicated to preserving the well being of sport,
the integrity of competition and ensuring the health of athletes through research initiatives and
educational programs.
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
"
USADA VISION STATEMENT
USADA will work with all athletes, while giving special emphasis to U.S. Olympic, Pan American and
Paralympic athletes, in its efforts to eliminate doping in sport. In addition,
USADA will develop and manage a testing process program that is fair and impartial in its
attempt to identify athletes who use performance enhancing compounds and methods,
either intentionally to gain a competitive advantage or inadvertently;
USADA will develop and institute an adjudication program that will be fair and sustainable
when an athlete is found to be in violation of anti-doping rules and regulations;
USADA will support and foster research and educational programs in areas of performance-
enhancing substances and methods to better understand their adverse effects and to
improve upon current and future testing procedures;
USADA will participate with other anti-doping organizations, both nationally and
internationally, to accomplish our mission.
The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) was created as the result of recommendations
set forth by the United States Olympic Committee's Select Task Force on Externalization. USADA began
operations Oct. 1, 2000, with full authority for testing, education, research and adjudication for U.S.
Olympic, Pan Am Games, and Paralympic athletes. It is USADA's responsibility to develop a
comprehensive national anti-doping program for the Olympic Movement in the United States.
USADA
wares STATES JOINCE
United States Anti-Doping Agency
Guide to
Prohibited Classes of Substances
and
Prohibited Methods of Doping
SENIOR EDITOR
Larry D. Bowers, Ph.D.
EDITOR
Rich Wanninger
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
Jeff Podraza, Pharm.D.
The USADA Guide to Prohibited Classes of Substances
and Prohibited Methods of Doping
is a publication of the United States Anti-Doping Agency.
PUBLISHER
United States Anti-Doping Agency
1265 Lake Plaza Dr.
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
Telephone: 1-866-601-2632 (toll-free) or 1-719-785-2000
Drug Reference Line: 1-800-233-0393
Fax: 1-719-785-2001
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.usantidoping.org
Copyright © 2001 United States Anti-Doping Agency. All rights reserved.
Updated July 2001, edition 2 (first edition, December 2000)
2
Table of Contents
Subject
Page
USADA Mission and Vision Statements
IFC
Introduction
4
Medication Cautions
5
Important Facts
6
IOC List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited Methods of Doping
7
Stimulants
8-12
Over-the-Counter Products Containing Stimulants
10
Caffeine
11
Beta-2 Agonists
12
ADD and ADHD Medications
12
Narcotics
13-14
Other Medications for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pain
14
Anabolic Agents
15-17
Diuretics
18
Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues
19
Prohibited Doping Methods
20
Blood Doping
20
Administering Artificial Oxygen Carriers or Plasma Expanders
20
Pharmacological, Chemical and Physical Manipulation
20
Classes of Prohibited Substances in Certain Circumstances
21-23
Alcohol
21
Cannabinoids
21
Local Anesthetics
21
Glucocorticosteroids
22
Beta-Blockers
23
Urinary Concentrations
24
Supplements and Other Substances
25-26
Herbal Products
25
Other Supplements
25
Frequently Asked Questions
27-29
USADA Guide to Permitted Medications
30-31
Restricted Substance Medical Notification Form
32-33
USOC Anti-Doping Policies (Retirement, Missed OOC tests)
IBC
Quick Reference Guide to USADA Web Site
OBC
Tables
Page
1.
Examples of Prohibited Stimulants
8-9
2.
Over-the-Counter Products Containing Prohibited Stimulants
10
3.
Products Containing Caffeine
11
4.
Beta-2 Agonists Allowed Under Certain Circumstances
12
5.
Prohibited Narcotics
13
6.
Allowed Narcotics
14
7.
Other Medications for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pain
14
8.
Anabolic Agents & Beta-2 Agonists
17
9. Diuretics
18
10. Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues
19
11. Prohibited Methods
20
12. Examples of Beta-Blockers
23
13. Urinary Concentrations
24
3
INTRODUCTION
Doping violates the ethics of both sport and medical science, and is prohibited. The
Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code (OMADC), along with clarifications by the
International Olympic Committee (IOC) and its Medical Commission, has been
distributed for the year 2001 with the List of Prohibited Classes of Substances and
Prohibited Methods of Doping.
The OMADC states that doping:
contravenes the fundamental principles of Olympism and sports and medical
ethics,
is forbidden, and
recommending, proposing, authorizing, condoning or facilitating the use of any
substance or method covered by the definition of doping or trafficking therein is
also forbidden.
The OMADC defines doping as:
the use of an expedient (substance or method) which is potentially harmful to
athletes' health and/or capable of enhancing their performance, or
the presence in the athlete's body of a Prohibited Substance or evidence of the
use thereof or evidence of the use of a Prohibited Method.
The definitions used by individual international federations may vary, as may their
respective list of prohibited substances and methods.
A fundamental objective of the Olympic Movement is to eliminate doping from sport.
Doping threatens the health of the athlete, the integrity and dignity of amateur sport,
and public support of the Olympic Movement. Drug testing followed by punitive action
and the threat of public disclosure, in tandem with drug abuse education and ethical
considerations, are in place as deterrents to doping.
The United States Anti-Doping Agency maintains a drug testing and education
program, distributes this Guide, seeks to enhance research efforts and utilizes an
impartial adjudication system. It also provides the confidential toll-free USADA Drug
Reference Line for clarification on relevant matters (1-800-233-0393).
4
MEDICATION CAUTIONS
Prior to taking any medication or supplement, check whether any substance in
the product is prohibited or restricted. Call USADA's Drug Reference Line (1-
800-233-0393) for more information.
Know the exact name of your medication since many products sound alike. For
example, Tylenol and Afrin Nasal Spray are allowed, however, Co-Tylenol, Afrin
tablets and Afrinol contain prohibited substances.
Plain antihistamines are allowed in most sports, however, any combination of an
antihistamine with a decongestant is prohibited and may not be in your system
when you compete. New products of this type appear on the market on a regular
basis.
This Guide provides examples of substances in prohibited classes. Not all
prohibited substances are listed in this Guide. The list is subject to change and
is updated and revised as necessary. Check to make sure you have the most up-
to-date information.
The detected presence of a prohibited substance constitutes doping even if the
substance is not listed as an example.
New drugs containing prohibited substances, some of which may be especially
designed for doping purposes, are prohibited by inclusion as "related
substances." The term "and related substances" describes drugs having
pharmacological action(s) and/or chemical structure similar to a prohibited
substance. If a substance is not listed, it may still be prohibited as a "related
substance."
Even when used for legitimate medical treatment, the detected presence of a
prohibited substance constitutes doping and will be subject to penalties.
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 specifically exempted
certain products from evaluation for safety and efficacy by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). Thus the commonly held belief that the government approves
these over the counter supplements is not correct. In addition, there has been
some evidence that some products may not contain the amount of ingredient listed
on the label, may not contain the ingredient listed at all, or may be adulterated with
other prohibited substances not listed on the label. Imported herbal products, in
particular, are often mislabeled concerning their actual ingredients.
5
IMPORTANT FACTS
Ignorance is never an excuse. It is the personal responsibility of each athlete to
ensure that he or she does not allow any prohibited substance to enter his or her
system or use or allow the use of any prohibited method.
Whether or not the use of a prohibited substance or prohibited method
enhances performance does not matter.
The presence of a prohibited substance in an athlete's urine (or blood, when
applicable) constitutes an offense, regardless of the manner in which the
prohibited substance came to be in the athlete's system.
The inclusion of a prohibited substance or prohibited method in the OMADC is
not subject to appeal.
The IOC List of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods contained in the
Code and reported in this Guide may be changed at any time. It is the athlete's
responsibility to stay current with those changes.
Certain international federations (IFs) have their own lists of prohibited
substances. It is the athlete's responsibility to know the rules of his or her IF.
References to specific products are for example purposes only and do not
constitute an endorsement or recommendation of these drugs by USADA.
REFERENCES
de Merode, A. (2000) IOC Medical Commission-Prohibited Classes of Substances and Methods
of Doping, 2000. Letter 15ᵗʰ February. Lausanne: Comite International Olympique.
de Merode, A. (1999) IOC Medical Commission-IOC Accredited Laboratories for Doping Control Analyses,
2000, Prohibited Classes of Substances and Methods of Doping, 2000. Letter 10ᵗʰ December.
Lausanne: Comite International Olympique.
de Merode, A. (1999) IOC Medical Commission-Tests for Cannabinoids at the time of the Olympic Games
in Sydney. Letter 16ᵗʰ December. Lausanne: Comite International Olympique.
Drug facts and comparisons. Facts and Comparisons, Inc. St. Louis, Mo. 2000.
Fuentes, R.J., and J.M. Rosenberg. GlaxoWellcome: Athletic Drug Reference '99 Ed. Durham: Clean Data
Inc., 1999.
International Olympic Committee (IOC). Explanatory Memorandum Concerning the Application of the
Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code. 1999. (pamphlet)
International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code. 1999. (pamphlet)
International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code. 2001. (pamphlet)
Schamasch, P. (2000) IOC Medical Commission-Prohibited Classes of Substances and Prohibited
Methods-1st April 2000. Letter 14ᵗʰ April. Lausanne: Comite International Olympique.
Walker, George. (2000) Council of Europe-New Reference List of Prohibited Pharmacological Classes of
Doping Agents and Doping Methods. Letter 27th January. Strasbourg: Couseil De L'Europe.
6
IOC LIST OF PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES AND
PROHIBITED METHODS OF DOPING
(effective Sept. 1, 2001)
I.
PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES
A.
Stimulants (including Beta-2 Agonists)
B.
Narcotics
C.
Anabolic Agents*
1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids*
2.
Beta-2 Agonists*
D. Diuretics*
E.
Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues (and all releasing factors)*
II.
PROHIBITED METHODS*
A.
Blood doping the administration of blood, red blood cells, and related blood
products to an athlete, which may be preceded by withdrawal of blood from the
athlete who continues to train in such a blood-depleted state.
B.
Administering artificial oxygen carriers or plasma expanders
C.
Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation
III.
CLASSES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES
A. Alcohol**
B. Cannabinoids**
C.
Local Anesthetics**
D. Glucocorticosteroids
E.
Beta-Blockers**
*
These classes of Prohibited Substances (and related substances) and Prohibited
Methods are typically tested in the Out-of-Competition (OOC) Program. Note, however,
that some IFs may have more extensive OOC testing lists.
**
These classes of prohibited substances (and related substances) and prohibited methods may be
tested at the request of the Responsible Authority (i.e. USADA, WADA). Normally, these substances
are only tested for if prohibited by the International Federation (IF). (Tests will be conducted for
cannabinoids at the Olympic Games.)
Out-of-Competition Testing
Unless specifically requested by the responsible authority, out-of-competition testing
is directed solely at the following prohibited substances; anabolic agents, diuretics,
peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues and prohibited methods.
At the 2002 Olympic Games, athletes who require an inhaled beta-2 agonist to treat
asthma or exercise-induced asthma may be required to submit to the IOC Medical
Commission clinical and laboratory evidence that justifies such treatment. If done, it
would need to be received by the IOC Medical Commission at least one week prior to
the athlete's first competition.
7
I.
PROHIBITED CLASSES
(All related substances are prohibited.)
A.
STIMULANTS
Although these drugs produce both psychological and physical stimuli to athletic
performance, it is important to note that the side effects can be harmful. Amphetamines and
related compounds have the most notorious reputation for producing problems in athletes.
There is no medical justification for the use or abuse of stimulants such as amphetamines or
cocaine in sport.
Effects include:
Increased alertness
Reduced fatigue
Insomnia
Aggressiveness
Inhibited judgment/decision making
Increased potential for dehydration
Anxiety
Tremor
Possible increased competitiveness
Alterations in hemodynamics (increased
and hostility
heart rate and blood pressure)
Addiction and withdrawal phenomena
Increased risk of stroke, heart attack,
are common
cardiac arrhythmia, and sudden death
Examples:
See Table 1: Prohibited Stimulants, Table 2 (page 10): Over-the-Counter
Medications, Table 3 (page 11): Caffeine, and Table 4 (page 12): Beta-2
Agonists.
TABLE 1: Examples of Prohibited Stimulants
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Amfepramone (Diethylpropion)
Apisate, Tenuate, Tepanil
Amphetaminil
AN-1
Amineptine
Survector
Amiphenazole
Amphisol, Dapti, Daptizole
Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine)
Benzedrine, Delcobese, Dexedrine, Obetrol,
Adderall
Bambuterol
Bambec
Bemegride
Megimide
Benzphetamine
Didrex
Bromantin
Bromantan
Caffeine* >12 mcg/ml
(see table #3, p. 11)
Carphedon
Chlorphentermine
Lucofen, Pre Sate
Clobenzorex
Asenlix, Dinintel
Clorprenaline
Asthone, Vortel
Cropropamide
(Micoren)
Crotethamide
(Micoren)
Desoxyephedrine
(see table #2, p. 10)
Dimetamfetamine
Metrotonin
Ephedrine** >10mcg/ml
Asthmahaler, Asthmanefrin, Bronkaid, Primatene,
Rynatuss, Tedral (see table #2, p. 10)
Etafedrine
Mercodal, Decapryn, Nethaprin
Etilefrine
Bioflutin N, Circupon, Confidol, Effortil, Eti-Pure,
Tonus-Forte-Tablinen
Etamivan
Clairvan, Vandid
8
Etilamphetamine
Apetinil
Fencamfamine
Altimine, Envirol, Phencamine
Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine)
Dima-Fen, Fenured, Pesos, Ponderal, Ponderax,
Pondimin, Ponfural, Redux
Fenetylline
Captagon
Fenproporex
Antiobes Retard, Appetizugler
Formoterol***
(see table #4, p. 12)
Furfenorex
Frugal, Frugalan
Heptaminol
Eoden, Heptanol
Isoetharine HCL
Bronkosol, Bronkometer, Dilabron, Numotac
Isoproterenol
Isuprel, Metihaler-ISO, Norisodrine
Meclofenoxate
Brenal, Lucidril
Mefenorex
Doracil, Podinil, Rondimen
Mephentermine
Wyamine
Mesocarb
Mesocarbi, Sydnocarb
Metaproterenol
Alupent, Metaprel
Methamphetamine
Crank, Crystal Meth, Desoxyn, Met-Ampi, Speed
Methyl-Benzoylecgonine
Cocaine, Crack, Ecgonine
Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Ecstasy, XTC
Methoxyphenamine
Orthoxicol Cough Syrup
Methylephedrine** >10mcg/ml
Methep, Tzbraine
Methylphenidate
Ritalin, Concerta
Morazone
Rosimon-Neu
Nikethamide
Coramine
Norfenfluramine
Norpseudoephedrine* >5 mcg/ml
Cathine, Adiposetten N
Parahydroxyamphetamine
Amphetamine
Pemoline
Cylert, Dynalert, Tradon
Pentetrazol/Pentylenetetrazol
Leptazol
Phendimetrazine
Bontril, Phenzine, Plegine
Phenmetrazine
Preludin
Phenylephrine (systemic)
(Phenylephrine tablets)
Phenylpropanolamine* >25mcg/ml
(see table #2, p. 10)
Phentermine
Apidex-P, Fastin, lonamin
Pholedrine
Adyston, Jatamasin, Kontagripp-RR, Ortho-Maren
Retard, Pentavenon, Venosan
Picrotoxine
Cocculin
Pipradol
Alertonic, Meratran
Prolintane
Katovit, Promotil, Villescon
Propylhexedrine
Benzedrex Inhaler
Pseudoephedrine** >25mcg/ml
(see table #2, p. 10)
Pyrovalerone
Centroton, Thymergix
Reproterol
Bronchodil
Salbutamo!***
(see table #4, p. 12)
Salmeterol***
(see table #4, p. 12)
Selegiline
Anipryl, Eldepryl, Plurimen
Strychnine
Movellan
Terbutaline***
(see table #4, p. 12)
*
For caffeine the definition of a positive is a concentration in the urine greater than 12 mcg/ml.
** For norpseudoephedrine (cathine), the definition of a positive is a concentration in the urine greater than 5 mcg/ml. For
ephedrine and methylephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in the urine greater than 10 mcg/ml. For
phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in the urine greater than 25 mcg/ml.
*** Permitted by inhaler only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma. Written notification of asthma
and/or exercise-induced asthma by a respiratory or team physician is necessary to the relevant medical authority. A medical
notification form required on file with USADA.
NOTE: All imidazole preparations are acceptable for topical use. Vasoconstrictors may be administered with local anaesthetic
agents. Topical preparations (e.g. nasal, opthalmological, rectal) of adrenaline and phenylephrine are permitted.
9
Over-the-Counter Products Containing Stimulants
Prohibited stimulants are often present in over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as
decongestants, diet aids, and headache remedies. Because these medications are readily
available and commonly used, athletes must be careful not to inadvertently or unknowingly
take items containing these prohibited substances. Athletes should call USADA's Drug
Reference Line (1-800-233-0393) before taking any new drug (prescription or OTC) or
supplement to ensure that the product does not contains any prohibited substances.
Products for colds, flu, or hay fever should not be taken without first checking to
ensure that the product does not contain a prohibited substance.
New and changing products continuously appear on the market and products carrying
the name "decongestant" are likely to contain prohibited substances.
Certain medications may also contain prohibited narcotics.
Table 2: Over-the-Counter Products Containing Prohibited Stimulants
This list of examples is not complete.
Any product labeled "D," "cold," "sinus," "non-drowsy," etc., should be treated as
suspect for containing a prohibited stimulant.
Therapeutic weight loss aids should be treated suspiciously, as they may contain a
prohibited stimulant.
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
I-Methamphetamine+ (Desoxyephedrine)
Vicks Inhaler
Pseudoephedrine** >25 mcg/ml
Actifed, Afrinol, Claritin D, Co-Tylenol, Drixoral,
Efidac 24, Formula 44M Multi Symptom Cough, Mini
Thin Pseudo, Sudafed, Sine-Off
Phenylpropanolamine** >25mcg/ml
Acutrim 16 Hour, Alka-Seltzer Plus, Allerest, Contac,
Dexatrim, Entex, Sinarest, Sine-Aid, Tavist D,
Triaminic
Propylhexedrine
Benzedrex Inhaler
Ephedrine** >10 mcg/ml
Bronkaid, Ephedra, Thermogenics Supplement, Vicks
Nighttime Cold Medicine
Herbal Ephedrine** >10 mcg/ml
Ma Huang (Other examples include: Bishop's Tea,
Brigham Tea, Chi Powder, Energy Rise, Excel, Joint
Fir, Mexican Tea, Miner's Tea, Popotillo, Super
Charge, Teamster's Tea)
t
I-Methamphetamine cannot be distinguished from the street drug d-Methamphetamine in routine tests.
** For ephedrine and methylephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in the urine greater than
10 mcg/ml. For phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in
the urine greater than 25 mcg/ml.
Know the exact name of your medication since many products sound alike. For
example, Tylenol and Afrin Nasal Spray are allowed, however Co-Tylenol, Afrin tablets
and Afrinol contain prohibited substances.
10
Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that is commonly found in coffee, tea,
chocolate, and soft drinks. In addition, many cough and cold, supplement, and pain reliever
combinations contain caffeine. A concentration greater than 12 micrograms of caffeine per
milliliter in the urine is considered doping. Typically, a couple of cups of U.S. brewed coffee
should not result in urinary concentrations of greater than 12 mcg/ml. However, one should
not attempt to predict the urinary concentrations of caffeine since they vary significantly for
each individual and are influenced by factors such as age, gender, body size, weight, diet,
and metabolic rate. Be aware that other forms of caffeine (e.g., tablets) do not metabolize
at the same rate and produce much higher urine concentrations of caffeine. Do not take
any pill containing caffeine before or during a competition.
The detection of caffeine in urine in a concentration greater than 12 mcg/ml is a
doping violation.
Urinary concentrations of caffeine are affected by age, gender, body size, weight, diet,
and metabolic rate.
GUARANA
Often, Guarana is promoted as an energy enhancing herbal product. Guarana (paullinea
cupana) is a tropical Brazilian fruit with seeds, that has a caffeine content two to four times
of coffee. Therefore, the same precautions need to be taken with Guarana as with any
product containing caffeine. Examples of products containing Guarana include Bawls
Guarana, Energy Guarana, Energy Guarana Powder, Guts, and Tropisoda.
Table 3: Products Containing Caffeine (now alphabetical)
Product
Approximate Amount/Dose
Anacin*
0-32 mg per tablet
Chocolate
Varies
Coca Cola
46 mg per 12 ounces
Decaffeinated coffee
2-4 mg per 7 ounces
Diet Pepsi
36 mg per 12 ounces
Dr. Pepper
40 mg per 12 ounces
Excedrin*
0-65 mg per tablet
Midol*
0-60 mg per tablet
No Doz*
200 mg per tablet
Tab
47 mg per 12 ounces
Tea
40-60 mg per 7 ounces
U.S. brewed coffee
80-135 mg per 7 ounces
Vivarin
200 mg per tablet
*Amount of caffeine depends upon particular formulation
CAUTION
Do not use the caffeine table above to estimate clearance times of various caffeine
products.
11
Beta-2 Agonists
The choice of medications in the treatment of asthma and respiratory ailments has
traditionally posed challenges in sport because many commonly prescribed drugs are
powerful stimulants. Some of these agents also possess anabolic properties, especially
when taken orally or by injection. Because of their stimulatory and potential anabolic
effects, limitations have been placed on their use. Beta-2 Agonists are prohibited with the
exception of those listed in Table 4 (see below).
Also refer to Table 8 - Anabolic Agents and Beta-2 Agonists (p. 17) and the USADA Restricted
Substance Medical Notification Form (p. 32-33)
All Beta-2 Agonists are prohibited when administered orally or by injection.
Certain Beta-2 Agonists are allowed in the aerosol or inhalant forms only to prevent
and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma (see Table 4).
Written notification of asthma and/or exercise-induced asthma by a respiratory or team
physician is necessary and must be provided to USADA and the relevant medical
authority prior to competition.
Some IFs also require notification directly to them.
Notification (see p. 33) may be submitted to: United States Anti-Doping Agency, 1265
Lake Plaza Dr., Colorado Springs, CO 80906 or by faxing form to 719/785-2001.
Effective Sept. 1, 2001, all medical notification forms expire after one year.
At the 2002 Olympic Games, athletes who require an inhaled beta-2 agonist to treat asthma or exercise-
induced asthma may be required to submit to the IOC Medical Commission clinical and laboratory evidence
that justifies such treatment. If done, it would need to be received by the IOC Medical Commission at least one
week prior to the athlete's first competition.
TABLE 4: Beta-2 Agonists Allowed Under Certain Circumstances
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Formoterol
Foradil
Salbutamol
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Salbutamol/Ipratropium
Combivent
Salmeterol
Serevent
Terbutaline
Brethaire
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
and
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Medications
The most commonly prescribed medications to treat ADD and ADHD (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta,
Adderall, and Cylert) contain prohibited stimulants. Where the applicable IF tests for
stimulants in competition only, athletes prescribed these medications should, in
consultation with their physician, discontinue use in advance of competition in order for the
medication to clear their systems.
12
B.
NARCOTICS
The drugs belonging to this class are represented by morphine and its chemical and
pharmacological analogues. Evidence exists indicating that narcotics have been and are
abused in sport, and therefore all products in this class are prohibited except for those
indicated in Table 6 (p. 14). Please refer to Table 5 for examples of prohibited narcotics.
There are alternative medications for treatment of mild to moderate pain (see Table 7, p.
14).
Narcotics are typically used for the relief of pain. Some of the effects include:
Sensation of euphoria;
Psychological stimulation;
A false feeling of invincibility;
Illusions of athletic prowess beyond an athlete's inherent ability;
Increased pain threshold and failure to recognize injury;
Dangerous situations may be perceived as safe, resulting in an increased risk for
injury;
Physical and psychological dependence, leading to addiction and withdrawal
symptoms; and
Narcotic overdoses are always a medical emergency and can lead to respiratory
depression and death.
TABLE 5: Prohibited Narcotics
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Alphaprodine
Nisentil
Anileridine
Apodol, Leritine
Buprenorphine
Buprenex
Dextromoramide
D-Moramid, Dimorlin, Jetrium, Palfium
Diamorphine
Heroin
Dipipanone
Diconal, Pipadone, Wellconal
Ethoheptazine
Equagesic, Panalgin
Fentanyl
Duragesic, Sublimaze
Hydrocodone
Hycodan, Lortab, Vicodin
Hydromorphone
Dilaudid
Levorphanol
Levo-Dromoran
Methadone
Amidon, Dolophine
Meperidine
Demerol, Mepergan
Morphine
Cyclimorph, Duromorph, MS Contin, Oramorph, Roxanol
Nalbuphine
Nubain
Oxycodone
Oxycontin, Percodan, Roxicodone, Tylox
Oxymorphone
Numorphan
Pentazocine
Talwin
Pethidine
Centralgine, Dolantin, Dolosal
Phenazocine
Narphen
Tincture Opium
Paregoric
13
TABLE 6: Permitted Narcotics
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Codeine
Tylenol w/ Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Benylin
Dihydrocodeine
Diphenoxylate
Lomotil
Ethylmorphine
Collins Elixir, Dionina
Pholcodine
Actuss, Adaphol, Dia-Tuss, Duro-Tuss, Evaphol, Expulin
Dry Cough, Famel Linctus, Galenphol, Linctus Tussinol,
Pavacol-D, Pholcolin, Pholcomed, Pholtrate, Tixylix
Daytime
Propoxyphene (Dextropropoxyphene)
Darvon-N
Tramadol
Ultram
TABLE 7: Other Medications for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pain
Mild to moderate pain can be effectively treated using medications other than
narcotics.
Caution: Some pharmaceutical preparations of these medications may be in
combination with a prohibited substance.
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Acetaminophen
Tylenol
Aspirin
Bufferin
Diclofenac
Voltaren
Diflunisal
Dolobid
Floctafenine
Idalon
Glafenine
Gilfanan
Ibuprofen
Advil, Motrin
Indomethacin
Indocin
Ketoprofen
Orudis
Mefenamic Acid
Ponstel
Naproxen
Anaprox, Naprosyn
Sulindac
Clinoril
This Guide provides examples of substances in prohibited classes. Not all
prohibited substances are listed in this Guide. The list is subject to change and
is updated and revised as necessary. Please check to make sure you have the
most up-to-date information.
WWW.USANTIDOPING.ORG
14
C.
ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Beta-2 Agonists
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AASs)
This prohibited class is made up of the male hormone testosterone and its synthetic
derivatives. Natural testosterone regulates, promotes, and maintains physical and sexual
development. In combination with training, muscular size and strength may increase from
the use of AAS. Because these drugs are hormones, they greatly interfere with normal
hormonal balance, thereby producing detrimental and sometimes permanent side effects
like gynecomastia and testicular atrophy. AAS abuse can also lead to liver damage, heart
disease, hypertension, stroke, psychotic reactions, addiction, and withdrawal symptoms.
Recently it has been discovered that steroid use may make tendons stiffer, resulting in an
increased potential for muscle strains or ruptures. Additionally, the risk of acquiring AIDS,
hepatitis, and other blood-borne diseases increase greatly with the use of injectable forms of
AASs.
Medical Uses of Anabolic Steroids
Relief of bone pain from osteoporosis
Corticosteroid-induced catabolism
Severe anemia
Hereditary angioedema
Metastatic breast cancer in women
Hormone deficiencies in males
Weight gain for chronic nutritional deficiencies or AIDS wasting syndrome
The Federal Government designated AAS as Schedule III controlled substances in 1990,
thus tightening down the control and availability of steroids. The dangers of today's black
market manufactured drugs include impurities and/or false ingredients, which can produce
unpredictable and potentially severe side effects in users.
Side Effects Of Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Use Include:
Acne 3 0
Liver dysfunction* 5 0
Premature closure of the growth centers of long bones (in adolescents) which may
result in stunted growth 5 0
Increased aggressiveness and sexual appetite, sometimes resulting in aberrant sexual
and criminal behavior 5
Impotence with chronic or repeated use 5
Testicular shrinkage (testicular atrophy)* 5
Breast enlargement (gynecomastia)* to
Enlargement of prostate gland 5
Reduction of sperm production (cessation of spermatogenesis) 5
Premature baldness* 5
Masculinization OF
Excessive hair growth on the face and body* P
Deepening of the voice* P
Enlargement of the clitoris* OF
Abnormal menstrual cycles (suppression of ovarian function and menstruation) OF
I - Side effects observed in males
P - Side effects observed in females.
*
Effects may be permanent
Other side effects observed include muscle tightness and cramps, alteration of the libido, edema,
diarrhea, constipation, functional/structural liver damage, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
15
IOC regulations pertaining to the detection of anabolic agents, which are also produced
naturally by the body, include the following:
Evidence obtained from metabolic profiles and/or isotopic ratio measurements may be
used to draw definitive conclusions regarding the use of anabolic androgenic steroids.
The presence of a testosterone to epitestosterone (T:E) ratio greater than six to one (6:1) in
the urine of an athlete, constitutes an offense unless there is evidence that this ratio is
due to a physiological or pathological condition.
In the case of T:E greater than 6:1 or an epitestosterone concentration in the urine greater
than 200 nanograms/ml, an investigation will be conducted by the USADA before the
sample is declared positive.
The USADA investigation will be limited to (a) a review of previous tests, if available,
and/or a review of subsequent tests including Out-of-Competition (OOC) tests, and/or
(b) analysis by Carbon Isotope Ratio measurement.
The athlete may submit his or her own evidence, including, but not limited to
endocrine investigations, for consideration.
The sample will be declared positive unless the USADA's investigation and/or the
information submitted by the athlete reveals that the elevated ratio is due to a
physiological or pathological condition.
If the athlete fails to cooperate in the USADA investigation, the sample will be
declared positive.
Beta-2 Agonists
Beta-2 Agonists have been shown to have anabolic effects when consistently high levels are
present in the blood. The detection of salbutamol in the urine in a quantity greater than 1,000
nanograms/milliliter is considered doping with anabolic steroids. See also regulations
pertaining to use of Beta-2 Agonists under Section A - Stimulants, and Table 4 (p. 11).
In particular, clenbuterol is prohibited both as an anabolic agent and as a stimulant. This Beta-2
Agonist has not been approved for use in the United States. It is consider a prohibited substance
because of its anabolic and stimulatory effects and misuse by athletes. Clenbuterol is available
in foreign countries under a variety of brand names. Health food and nutrition companies sell
imitation versions described as "nutritional supplements."
Effects include:
Possible "repartitioning" or increasing
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
muscle mass while decreasing body fat
Headache
(based on animal and recent human studies)
Insomnia
Nausea
Tremors
Nervousness
Androstenedione, Androstenediol, and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Androstenedione, Androstenediol, and DHEA are steroids that are precursors to testosterone.
They are widely available in dietary supplements being sold over-the-counter in health food
stores and over the Internet. They are specifically included on the IOC Examples of Prohibited
Substances List. They are naturally produced in the adrenal gland and are claimed to reduce
body fat, increase muscle mass, and lower cholesterol levels. They are sometimes used to treat
certain types of cancer and to boost the immune system. Potential side effects include acne,
water retention, male pattern baldness, moodiness, irritability, and changes in sex drive.
19-Norandrostenedione and 19-Norandrostenediol
19-Norandrostenedione and 19-Norandrostenediol are prohibited steroids that are precursors of
nandrolone. They are also widely available in dietary supplements sold over-the-counter,
through the mail, and over the Internet, sometimes in combination with other steroids such as
androstenedione. Claims made include increased muscularity, strength, endurance and
vascularity, as well as fat loss. Potential side effects are considered to be similar to those listed
for androstenedione products.
16
TABLE 8: Anabolic Agents and Beta-2 Agonists
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Androstenediol
Androstederm, 4-androstenediol, 5-androstenediol
Androstenedione
Andro Stack 850, Andro-Gen, Androsten, Androstene
100, Testro Rx
Bambuterol*
Astra, Bambec
Bolasterone
Dimethyltestosterone, Myagen
Boldenone
Equipoise, Vebonol
Bitolterol*
Tornalate
Clenbuterol*
Broncodil, Clenasma, Clenbutol, Contrasmina,
Monores, Novegan, Prontovent, Spiropent, Ventolase
Clostebol
Steranabol
Danazol
Cyclomen, Danatrol, Danocrine, Danokrin, Danol,
Ladogar, Win 17757, Winobanin
Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone
Turinabol
Dehydroepiandrosterone
DHEA
Dihydrotestosterone
Stanolone
Dromostanolone
Drolban, Masteril
Fenoterol*
Berotec
Fluoxymesterone
Android F, Halotestin, Ora-Testryl, Ultradren
Formebulone
Esiclene, Hubernol
Formoterol**
(see Table #4, p.12)
Gestrinone
Tridomose
Growth Hormone
hGH
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
hCG
Mesterolone
Androviron, Proviron
Metandienone
Danabol, Dianabol
Metaproterenol*
Alupent, Metaprel
Metenolone
Primobolan, Primonabol-Depot
Methandriol
Stenediol, Trofomone
Methandrostenolone
Dianabol
Methyltestosterone
Android, Estratest, Metandren, Oreton Methyl, Testred
Mibolerone
Nandrolone
Deca-Durabolin, Durabolin, Kabolin, Nandrobolic
19-Norandrostenediol
19-Diol, 19-Norandrobol, Norandrodiol, Norandronate
19-Norandrostenedione
19-Nor Androstene, 19-Nora Force, Anabolic Stack,
Androbolic, Androdyne, Androstat Poppers, Androstat
Pro 6, Ultimate Release 24
Norethandrolone
Nilevar
Orciprenaline*
Oxandrolone
Anavar
Oxymesterone
Oranabol 10
Oxymetholone
Adroyd, Anadrol, Anapolon
Pirbuterol*
Maxair
Reproterol*
Bronchodil
Rimiterol*
Pulmadil
Salbutamol** (>100 nanograms/ml as a
(see Table 4, p. 12)
stimulant, >1,000 nanograms/ml as an anabolic
agent)
Salmeterol**
(see Table 4, p. 12)
Stanozolol
Stromba, Winstrol
Terbutaline**
(see Table 4 p. 12)
Testosterone (T:E >6:1)
Delatestryl, Malogen, Malogex
Trenbolone
Finajet, Parabolan
* Beta-2 Agonists are included in the class of Anabolic Agents.
t Authorized in the aerosol or inhalant forms only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced
asthma (EIA and EIB). Written notification by a respiratory or team physician is necessary and must be
provided to USADA and the Relevant Medical Authority. (See Stimulants and Table, p. 12.)
17
D.
DIURETICS
Diuretics are drugs that help the body to eliminate fluids (water and salts) by increasing the
rate of urine formation. Diuresis increases urine volume and net loss of salts (especially
sodium, potassium, and/or chloride). Although diuretics, under strict medical supervision,
have important therapeutic indications for the elimination of excess fluid from the body
tissue in certain disease states and for management of high blood pressure, they are
nonetheless prohibited.
Diuretics may be abused by competitors for two main reasons:
1. To reduce weight quickly in sports where weight categories are involved; and/or
2. To produce a more rapid excretion of urine (to reduce the concentration of
prohibited substances in the urine in an attempt to minimize detection).
Drastic reduction of weight in sport cannot be medically justified. The potential for
serious side effects such as dehydration, muscle cramps, volume depletion, drop in
blood pressure, and severe electrolyte imbalance exists. Deliberate attempts to reduce
weight artificially, in order to compete in lower weight classes or to dilute urine,
constitutes clear manipulation, which is ethically unacceptable.
For sports involving weight classes, the responsible authorities (i.e. international
federations) reserve the right to obtain urine samples at the time of weigh-in.
Taken without medical supervision, diuretics can result in potassium depletion and
death.
TABLE 9: Diuretics
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations Examples
Acetazolamide
AK-ZOL, Dazamide, Diamox
Amiloride
Midamor
Bendroflumethiazide
Naturetin
Benzthiazide
Aquatag, Exna, Hyres, Marazide, Proaqua
Bumetanide
Bumex
Canrenone
Aldadiene, Aldactone, Phanurane, Soldactone
Chlormerodrin
Orimercur
Chlorthalidone
Hygroton, Hylidone, Thalitone
Diclofenamide
Daranide, Fenamide, Oratrol
Ethacrynic Acid
Edecrin
Furosemide
Lasix
Hydrochlorothiazide
Esidrix, Hydro-Diuril, Oretic, Thiuretic
Indapamide
Lozol, Natrilix, Servier
Mannitol (intravenous only)
Osmitrol
Mersalyl
Salyrgan
Spironolactone
Alatone, Aldactone
Torsemide
Demadex
Triamterene
Dyazide, Maxide
18
E.
PEPTIDE HORMONES, MIMETICS AND ANALOGUES
The presence of an abnormal concentration of an endogenous hormone or its
diagnostic marker(s) in the urine (or other specimen) of a competitor constitutes
doping, unless it has been conclusively documented to be solely due to a
physiological or pathological condition.
All of these hormones and all of their respective releasing factors and their analogs
are prohibited.
TABLE 10: Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues
EXAMPLE
Chorionic Gonadotropin
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Prohibited for males only. The administration to males
leads to an increased rate of production of endogenous
male hormones and is considered equivalent to the
exogenous administration of testosterone.
Pituitary and Synthetic Gonadotropins
Leutinizing Hormone (LH)
Prohibited for males only.
Corticotropin
ACTH, tetracosactide
Corticotropin has been used to increase blood levels of
endogenous corticosteroids. Administration is considered
to be equivalent to the systemic administration of
corticosteroids (see Glucocorticosteroids, p. 21).
Growth Hormone
hGH, Somatotropin
Use is dangerous and may result in various adverse
effects: allergic reactions, diabetes, and acromegaly.
Contamination of some growth hormone preparations of
human origin can cause Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease, a fatal
neurological condition.
Insulin-like Growth Factor
IGF-1
Primarily secreted by the liver, IGF-I stimulates growth and
anabolism.
Erythropoietin
EPO, Epogen
This naturally occurring hormone is produced in the kidney
and stimulates red blood cell production. Administration
equates with blood doping and is prohibited (see Blood
Doping, p. 19).
Insulin
Permitted only to treat insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM). Prior to the particular competition, written
notification of IDDM by an endocrinologist or team
physician to the Relevant Medical Authority is necessary.
Related substances
Clomiphene* (Clomid, Milophene, Serophene)
Cyclofenil*
(Fertodur, Neoclym, Rehibin)
Tamoxifen* (Nolvadex)
*Prohibited for males only.
Even when used for
legitimate medical treatment,
the detected presence of a
prohibited substance constitutes doping.
19
II.
PROHIBITED DOPING METHODS
The following procedures are prohibited:
Blood doping
Administering artificial oxygen carriers or plasma expanders
Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation
A.
BLOOD DOPING
Blood doping means the administration of blood, red blood cells, and/or related blood
products to an athlete, which may be preceded by withdrawal of blood from the athlete who
continues to train in such a blood-depleted state.
Risks involved in the transfusion of blood and blood-related products include:
Allergic reactions (rash, fever, etc.)
Acute hemolytic reaction with kidney damage if incorrectly typed blood is used
Delayed transfusion reactions resulting in fever and jaundice (can be fatal)
Transmission of infectious diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis and AIDS)
Overload of the circulatory system
Blood clots
Metabolic shock
B.
ADMINISTERING ARTIFICIAL OXYGEN CARRIERS OR PLASMA EXPANDERS
Oxyglobin® and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are examples of compounds used to enhance
oxygen transport, and are prohibited by the IOC and International Federations. Plasma
expanders, such as hydroxyethyl starch, used to increase the water content of the blood, are
also prohibited.
C.
PHARMACOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation means the use of substances and
methods, including masking agents, which alter, attempt to alter, or may reasonably be
expected to alter the integrity and validity of urine samples used in doping controls,
including, without limitation, catheterization, urine substitution and/or tampering, inhibition
of renal excretion such as by probenecid and related substances, and alterations of
testosterone and epitestosterone measurements such as epitestosterone application or
bromantin administration.
TABLE 11: Prohibited Methods (without limitation)
Alterations of testosterone and epitestosterone
Epitestosterone administration to alter T:E ratio
measurements
Diuretics
Can be used to dilute the urine and mask other
substances.
Catheterization
A way of obtaining a urine sample through a thin
rubber tube inserted through the urethra into the
bladder.
Sample substitution and/or tampering
Inhibition of renal excretion
Bromantin, probenecid and related compounds
Masking Agents
Includes use of commercially produced products such
as "Defend," "Test Free," "Test Clean," "Jamaica Me
Clean," and "UrinAid."
Whether or not the use of a prohibited substance or prohibited method enhances performance
does not matter. It is enough that the prohibited substance or prohibited method was used or
attempted to be used to be considered a sanctionable doping violation.
20
III.
CLASSES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES
A.
ALCOHOL
Although alcohol is the most widely abused drug in the country, it does not generally improve
sports performance. It depresses the central nervous system and affects coordination and
fine hand-eye movements. Nevertheless, breath or blood alcohol levels may be determined
at the request of the responsible authorities (i.e., WADA, IOC, NOC, USOC, IF, and/or NGB)
and positive tests may lead to sanctions.
B.
CANNABINOIDS
Cannabinoids (e.g., marijuana, hashish, cannabis) are illegal substances. Possession
and/or use of these substances are illegal and may subject a person to arrest and criminal
prosecution. The IOC at the Olympic Games, and many IFs include cannabinoids on their
lists of prohibited substances. In those cases a concentration in the urine of carboxy-THC
greater than 15 nanograms per milliliter constitutes doping.
The body absorbs THC, which is the mind-altering ingredient in cannabinoids, and
transforms it into metabolites, which can be detected in the urine for weeks after use. Its
metabolites can be detected in urine four (4) to ten (10) days after smoking a single joint,
and up to several weeks or months following chronic use.
Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for
cannabinoids (e.g., marijuana, hashish).
At the Olympic Games, tests will be conducted for cannabinoids
Side effects include:
Increased heart rate;
Impaired short-term memory and distorted sense of time and space;
Diminished ability to concentrate and react with slowing of coordination and reflexes;
Fear of losing control, and impaired thinking and reading comprehension; and
Chest pain and airway irritation.
C.
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Systemic injections are prohibited.
Injectable local anesthetics are permitted under the following conditions:
a) Bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine and related substances can be
used, but not cocaine. Vasoconstrictor agents (e.g. adrenaline, epinephrine)
may be used in conjunction with local anesthetics.
b) Only local or intra-articular injections may be administered.
c) These are permitted only when medically justified.
d) Where the rules of a responsible authority SO provide, notification of
administration of local and intra-articular injections of anesthetics may be
necessary in advance of competition, or during the competition in matters of
medical urgency.*
*
See outline of regulations pertaining to written notification on "RESTRICTED SUBSTANCE
MEDICAL NOTIFICATION FORM" (p. 32-33).
21
D.
GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
Corticosteroids (also called glucocorticoids or glucocorticosteroids) are naturally occurring
substances secreted by the adrenal glands that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats. Their indications for use include treating allergies, asthma, inflammatory
conditions, skin disorders, and many other diseases.
Corticosteroids ARE NOT the same as androgenic anabolic agents, which are used to build
muscle mass. They can cause a different spectrum of dangerous side effects. Naturally
occurring and synthetic, corticosteroids are mainly used as anti-inflammatory drugs. They
influence circulating concentrations of natural hormones in the body and may produce mood
changes including euphoria and other side effects. Their use, except when administered
topically, requires medical control.
The systemic use of corticosteroids is prohibited [i.e., when administered orally, rectally
(internal), or by intravenous or intramuscular injection.
Anal (topical), aural, dermatological, inhalational, nasal, and ophthalmological
administration is permitted.
Topical use (in the ear, the eye, or on the skin) is permitted.
Inhalation therapy* (i.e., for treatment of asthma) is permitted.
Intra-articular* and local injections* of corticosteroids are permitted.
* Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, notification of administration may be necessary. Any
physician wishing to administer corticosteroids intra-articularly or locally to an athlete may be required to
give prior written notification to the relevant medical authority. (See outline of regulations pertaining to
written notification on "RESTRICTED SUBSTANCE MEDICAL NOTIFICATION FORM," p. 32-33.)
Ignorance is never an excuse. It is the personal responsibility of each
athlete to ensure that he or she does not allow any prohibited substance to enter his or
her system or use or allow the use of any prohibited method.
22
E.
BETA-BLOCKERS
The IOC Medical Commission has reviewed the therapeutic indications for the use of beta-
blocking drugs and noted that there is a wide range of effective alternative preparations
available to control hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, migraine, and
nervous or anxiety-related conditions.
Due to the continued misuse of beta-blockers in some anaerobic sports, tests for beta-
blockers are performed in agreement with the rules of the International Federation and/or
at the direction of the responsible authority.
Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, tests will be conducted for beta-
blockers. It is the athlete's responsibility to check whether beta-blockers are included
on his or her IFs testing list.
Sports that may be tested are unlikely to include endurance events that necessitate
prolonged periods of high cardiac output and large stores of metabolic substances in
which beta-blockers would severely decrease performance capacity.
Other sports may test for beta-blockers if indicated or deemed appropriate.
TABLE 12: Examples of Beta-Blockers
Generic Name
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Examples
Acebutolol
Sectral
Alprenolol
Aptine
Atenolol
Tenoretic, Tenormin
Betaxolol
Kerlone
Bisoprolol
Zebeta
Bunolol
Bunitrolol
Stresson
Carteolol
Cartrol
Celiprolol
Selecor
Esmolol
Brevibloc
Labetalol
Normodyne, Trandate
Metoprolol
Lopressor, Toprol XL
Nadolol
Corgard, Corzide
Oxprenolol
Trasicor, Trepress
Pindolol
Viskin
Propranolol
Inderal, Inderide
Sotalol
Betapace
Timolol
Blocadren
23
URINARY CONCENTRATIONS
Below is a summary of urinary concentrations that the IOC-accredited laboratories must
report findings for specific prohibited substances
A case is considered as positive when the analytical laboratory test gives a result that
is above the cut-off limit.
TABLE 13: Urinary Concentrations
SUBSTANCE
LEVEL
Caffeine
> 12 mcg/ml
Carboxy-THC
> 15 nanograms/ml
Ephedrine / Methylephedrine
> 10 mcg/ml
Epitestosterone
> 200 nanograms/ml
Morphine
> 1 mcg/ml
19-Norandrosterone
> 2 nanograms/ml (Males)
> 5 nanograms/ml (Females)
Norpseudoephedrine (Cathine)
> 5 mcg/ml
Phenylpropanolamine
> 25 mcg/ml
Pseudoephedrine
> 25 mcg/ml
Salbutamol
> 100 nanograms/ml (as a
stimulant)
> 1,000 nanograms/ml (as an
anabolic agent)
T:E Ratio
> 6:1 or positive carbon isotope
ratio analysis
The presence of a prohibited substance
in an athlete's urine constitutes an offense,
regardless of the manner in which the
prohibited substance came to be in the athlete's system.
24
SUPPLEMENTS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 specifically exempted certain
products from evaluation for safety and efficacy by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Thus, the commonly held belief that the government approves these over-the-counter
supplements is not correct. In addition, there has been some evidence that some products
may not contain the amount of ingredient listed on the label, may not contain the ingredient
listed at all, or may be adulterated with other prohibited substances not listed on the label.
Imported herbal products, in particular, are often mislabeled concerning their actual
ingredients. In addition, a State of California study documented the presence of other toxins
such as arsenic and strychnine in these herbal preparations¹.
Herbal Products
Some herbal and plant products such as Ma Huang, ginseng, oryzanol, beta-sistosterol,
diosterol and yohimbe bark which are alleged to be ergogenic or anabolic alternatives, and
are purported to produce increased weight, strength, and other performance enhancing
actions, are either prohibited substances or may inadvertently contain prohibited
substances. Although there is substantial research being conducted on herbals to determine
effectiveness, safety, and quality standards, there is currently little scientific evidence to
support these claims. The contents and safety of these products cannot be guaranteed.
Other Supplements
CREATINE is a natural compound that is a critical part of the energy storage system in the
body. Energy is stored in the cells as creatine phosphate. Under anaerobic conditions, the
creatine phosphate is used to regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main form of
cellular energy. Creatine is obtained primarily from meat in the diet. Creatine
supplementation presumes that additional intake will provide additional cellular levels, and
therefore provide larger amounts of stored energy. In general, any creatine ingested in
excess is excreted in the urine.
Creatine allegedly speeds muscle recovery, increases initial work output, and delays fatigue
in anaerobic (high intensity, short duration) exercise. Research studies are nearly evenly
divided on whether performance is actually improved. The long-term effects of taking
supplemental creatine have not yet been established, but there appears to be a greater
incidence of dehydration, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, muscle cramping, pulled
muscles, and muscle tightness according to a survey of creatine users². There are also two
published reports of individuals with pre-existing liver and kidney problems having further
complications while using creatine³.
Since there are no regulations guaranteeing the actual content of creatine or other
supplements, the use of any of these products may result in a positive drug test. THE USE
OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IS COMPLETELY AT THE ATHLETE'S OWN RISK.
GLUTAMINE levels have been shown to decrease significantly after intense training. It has
been proposed that this deficiency can lead to a suppressed immune system in over-trained
athletes. Glutamine supplementation studies in athletes have failed to show improvements
in athletic performance or immune function⁴.
25
COENZYME Q-10 is associated with energy transport within muscle and heart cells at basic
levels. This supplement is believed to be beneficial in treating various heart conditions and
other diseases. Advocates have proposed that Coenzyme Q-10 improves exercise
performance and recovery time. Studies on its performance enhancing abilities have had
mixed results with some reporting an increase in performance and others showing no effect.
One study revealed that Coenzyme Q-10 was not readily absorbed into muscle without a
preexisting deficiency in the athlete⁵. No serious side effects are proven with Coenzyme Q-
10 but decreased appetite, nausea, and diarrhea are potential adverse effects.
PYRUVATE has been promoted to enhance weight loss and to improve endurance. In
studies, pyruvate, a product of glucose metabolism, has been substituted for a portion of an
individual's carbohydrate intake in low calorie diets. These studies of obese individuals
demonstrated slightly increased weight loss in the pyruvate-substituted group. In non-
athletes studies have shown increased muscle endurance⁶; however, these results are not
repeated in studies of athletes.
Companies promoting pyruvate recommend supplementation with doses that have not been
studied or shown to improve weight loss or endurance.
GLUCOSAMINE supplementation has been shown in quality research to promote the
regeneration of cartilage in patients with osteoarthritic (damage due to overuse) knees.
Improvement was seen with relieving pain, morning stiffness, walking stiffness, and the
ability to perform general activities. There is no research available on the ability of
glucosamine to prevent osteoarthritis in the athlete. Gastrointestinal discomfort and
distress, and allergic reactions are reported adverse effects.
OTHER SUBSTANCES such as octacosanol, chromium picolinate, boron, and dibencozide are
found in a variety of supplemental products that claim to have ergogenic effects. They are
often sold in combination with other supplements also not proven to be performance
enhancing in athletes. Similarly, they may actually be in combination with prohibited
diuretics and stimulants such as Ma Huang, ephedrine, and caffeine. Health food and
nutrition stores, pharmacies, grocery stores, mail order companies, or Internet companies
often sell these products. Unfortunately, there are no approved medical references that
identify all of them by brand name or active ingredient. Since there are no regulations
guaranteeing the actual content of these supplements, the USE OF ANY OF THESE
PRODUCTS MAY RESULT IN A POSITIVE DRUG TEST. USE IS COMPLETELY AT THE ATHLETE'S
OWN RISK.
SOURCES:
1.
Ko, R.J. Adulterants in Asian Patent Medicines. New England Journal of Medicine. 339(12):847, 1998.
2.
Coleman, E. Risky Business: Knowing the facts before you decide to take one of these four common supplements. Volleyball.
April: 66-73, 1998.
3.
Balsom, P.D., K. Soderland, and B. Ekblom. Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementation. Sports Med.
18(4):268-280, 1994.
4.
Nieman, D.C., and B.K. Pedersen. Exercise and immune function: Recent developments. Sports Med. 27: 72-80, 1999.
5.
Burnham, T.H., R.C. Hagermann, and D.S. Threlkeld (Eds.). The review of natural products. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, Inc.
1997.
6.
Stone, M.H., K. Sanborn, L. Smith, et al. Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic
performance and body composition in American football players. International Journal of Sports Nutrition. 9:146-165, 1999.
Manufacturers frequently claim that products "naturally" increase the concentrations of naturally
occurring and prohibited substances (e.g. testosterone, growth hormone). The purpose of doping
control is to level the playing field and any attempts to pharmacologically or chemically enhance
performance are unethical.
If you have questions, call USADA's Drug Reference Line at 1-800-233-0393
26
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
WHAT IF THE ATHLETE HAS A COLD OR THE FLU? CAN HE OR SHE BE EXCUSED WHEN TAKING
MEDICINE TO GET WELL?
NO. If an athlete has a cold, flu, or hay fever he or she SHOULD NOT take any medication or
substance without first being sure that it does not contain a prohibited substance. This includes
both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications from a doctor. Most IFs test for the
stimulants found in cold medications in-competition only. However, some IFs also may include
stimulants in their out-of-competition (OOC) testing list. A positive test whether inadvertent or
due to medical treatment is still a positive test.
WHY IS CAFFEINE PROHIBITED? IS IT HARMLESS?
Caffeine, though a commonly used substance in our society, is a stimulant and has similar
effects to those of other stimulant substances. In the past, athletes have attempted to improve
their performance by using large amounts of caffeine. This is considered cheating and caffeine
use is limited in that an amount greater than 12 micrograms per milliliter in the urine is
classified as doping.
IF THE ATHLETE DOES NOT DRINK COFFEE, SHOULD HE OR SHE WORRY ABOUT CAFFEINE?
YES. Many other products contain caffeine, including soft drinks, chocolate, and medications
such as No Doz, Vivarin, Midol, Anacin, Excedrin and Fiorinal.
WHAT IF THE ATHLETE NEEDS A PAINKILLER FOR AN INJURY?
Slight to moderate pain can be effectively treated using non-narcotic drugs (see Table 7, p. 13).
These drugs are generally referred to as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They
have anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain-killing) actions. For management of severe pain,
codeine, dihydrocodeine (dihydrocodone is prohibited), and pholcodine are allowed. These drugs
are available alone or in combination with analgesics such as acetaminophen.
WHAT ABOUT CLENBUTEROL?
Clenbuterol, a foreign drug not available in the U.S., is classified as a Beta-2 Agonist. Some
athletes have abused it because of its reported anabolic effect in building muscle mass in
livestock. It is often used in combination with anabolic agents and growth hormone, and is
prohibited both as an anabolic agent and as a stimulant.
BIRTH CONTROL PILLS ARE STEROIDAL HORMONES. ARE THEY PROHIBITED?
NO. These substances have not been found to be performance enhancing and are not
prohibited. IOC accredited laboratories can distinguish between birth control pills and Prohibited
Substances.
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES TO LEAVE THE SYSTEM?
Individual metabolism, amount of substance used, frequency of use, duration of use, and
nominal biodegradation process in any given individual varies. In addition, some drugs are
stored in the body and have highly variable elimination rates. Elimination time ESTIMATES for
specific substances can be determined by contacting the manufacturer, the prescribing
physician, or the dispensing pharmacist.
WHY ISN'T IT OKAY TO USE A PROHIBITED MEDICATION THAT HAS BEEN PRESCRIBED BY A
DOCTOR?
Since some medications prescribed by physicians for treatment of legitimate medical conditions
have the potential to enhance athletic performance, they are prohibited. A prohibited drug is still
prohibited, even if prescribed by a doctor.
27
WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT? IF THE MEDICINE IS NEEDED, WHAT SHOULD A PERSON DO?
Alternative medications that are not prohibited can oftentimes be prescribed to treat medical
problems. An athlete's personal physician may not be aware of the complicated drug restrictions
in amateur sports and should be advised to call USADA's Drug Reference Line (1-800-233-
0393) for information. In extreme situations, the IOC and several IFs have procedures for
obtaining advance waivers permitting the use of a prohibited substance (p. 32-33).
IF AN ATHLETE IS NOT TAKING DRUGS ON THE PROHIBITED LIST, SHOULD HE OR SHE STILL BE
CONCERNED?
YES! Many commonly used medications contain small amounts of prohibited drugs. Remember,
many prescribed and OTC medications (e.g. cold medicines, diet pills, asthma medications, pain
killers, nasal sprays, sleeping pills, etc.) contain prohibited substances. Even a small amount of
a prohibited substance can cause a positive test. Be aware that formulations and ingredients of
OTC products and dietary supplements may change frequently, so these products can switch
from being an allowed to a prohibited substance without notice.
HOW CAN AN ATHLETE BE SAFE?
Call USADA's Drug Reference Line (1-800-233-0393) for information about contents of
medications or supplements to be taken before or during competition.
Do not take any unknown substances (e.g., from a friend or acquaintance who offers
something to help a cold or headache).
The use of foreign medications is strongly discouraged.
IS THERE A COMPLETE LIST OF DRUGS THAT WON'T CAUSE A POSITIVE TEST?
NO. No list can ever be complete. New names and new products come on the market daily.
Foreign drugs may not appear in the U.S. drug reference books. The list of prohibited substances
is subject to change without notice. In addition, drugs not listed or different formulations of the
same brand name may not be allowed. For any of these reasons, a "complete" or "safe list" that
is accurate and up-to-date is not available for distribution. This is why it is important for athletes
to call USADA's Drug Reference Line (1-800-233-0393) to find out the current status of any
substance they may consider taking.
HOW CAN AN ATHLETE KNOW WHAT IS NOT PROHIBITED?
Refer to the "USADA Guide to Permitted Medications" (p. 29-30) and the USADA Athlete Wallet
Card for examples of substances currently not on the prohibited substance list. However, this
list is not complete and could change at any time. USADA's Drug Reference Line (1-800-233-
0393) is also available for athletes to call and check the status of any medication.
WHAT ABOUT SUPPLEMENTS? IS THERE A LIST OF THOSE THAT ARE SAFE?
NO, there is not a list of "safe supplements." Supplemental products are taken at the athlete's
own risk. Many contain Prohibited Substances that occasionally are not included on the label as
ingredients. Be aware that these products may not be consistent from batch to batch and
formulations often change without warning or notification. We recommend that athletes avoid
these products, especially close to competition.
I AM INVOLVED IN A SPORT THAT DOES NOT HAVE WEIGHT CLASSES, so WHY IS THE DIURETIC I
TAKE FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE BANNED?
It is true that diuretics have been used to rid the body of extra fluids to drop body weight.
However, they also have been abused in an attempt to dilute or reduce concentration of other
banned substances (i.e. anabolic steroids) in the body. Consequently, diuretics are banned for
several reasons.
28
MANY SUPPLEMENTS ON THE MARKET CLAIM TO BE ALL-NATURAL.. DO I HAVE ANYTHING TO BE
CONCERNED ABOUT WHEN I AM TESTED?
NO. Do not be fooled by the "all-natural" claim. First of all, some substances that are banned are
also derived from plants, and therefore are considered natural. In addition, the regulations
overseeing the nutritional industry are such that there is no guarantee that any of the
ingredients listed on the package are even in the product. Likewise, there is no guarantee that
there are not ingredients in the product that are not listed in the package. It is important to
remember that the use of ALL nutritional products is completely at the athlete's own risk.
MY PHYSICIAN WANTS TO PRESCRIBE AN ANTIBIOTIC AND COLD MEDICATION FOR MY ILLNESS.
ARE ANTIBIOTICS AND COLD MEDICATIONS PERMITTED WITH A PRESCRIPTION?
All antibiotics are allowed. Most cold medications contain an antihistamine and/or
decongestant. Any cold medication that contains a decogestant and is taken orally, is banned in
competition, with no exceptions. Certain International Federations may ban some cold
medications that contain an antihistamine.
I AM SEEING MORE ARTICLES ABOUT ATHLETES TESTING POSITIVE FOR NANDROLONE
BELIEVED TO BE INCLUDED IN THEIR NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS. NANDROLONE IS AN
ANABOLIC STEROID; DON'T YOU NEED A PRESCRIPTION TO OBTAIN IT?
There have been confirmed reports that show traces of nandrolone precursors and other
anabolic steroids found in nutritional products. Currently, nutritional products are HIGHLY
UNREGULATED, so use caution and discretion because the status of ALL nutritional substances
is "Use is completely at the athlete's own risk."
I WOULD LIKE TO OBTAIN REFERENCE MATERIALS, CAN USADA MAIL OUT INFORMATION TO ME?
USADA produces an annual reference guide and wallet card that contains information regarding
the prohibited classes, substances, and methods of doping, as well as some examples of
permitted medications. This information is also available on the USADA web site at
www.usantidoping.org/prohibited substances. You can also request information to be mailed to
you by calling the USADA Drug Reference Line at 1-800-233-0393 or by emailing us at
[email protected]
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EVENT AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION TESTING IN REGARDS
TO THE TESTED SUBSTANCES?
During event testing, more performance-enhancing substances are testing for (stimulants,
nacotics, anabolic agents, diuretics, peptide hormones and analogues, corticosteroids and in
certain circumstances, alcohol, marijuana and beta-blockers.
During out-of-competition testing, a shorter menu of substances are tested for (anabolic agents,
beta-2 agonists, diuretics, peptide hormones and analogues, and blood doping).
WHAT IS THE STATUS OF PRESCRIPTION TABLETS FOR ALLERGIES?
The non-sedating presription antihistamines are not banned (i.e. Claritin, Allegra, Zyrtec).
However, it is important to note than many antihistamines also come as combination products
that contain pseudoephedrine (i.e. Claritin-D, Claritin-D-24-hour, Allegra-D), which are banned in-
competition as stimulants. Certain International Federations may ban prescription and over-the-
counter sedating antihistamines.
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS,
CALL USADA's DRUG REFERENCE LINE (1-800-233-0393), or write to
USADA, 1265 LAKE PLAZA DR., COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80906
29
USADA GUIDE TO PERMITTED MEDICATIONS
WARNING
Be especially cautious with any over-the-counter medications. Formulations may be changed at any time resulting
in a change of status (from permitted to prohibited).
Be aware that many brand names sound alike. One may be permitted, while the other may be prohibited.
While vitamins, minerals and amino acids are not prohibited, they may be in combination with prohibited
substances that may not be disclosed on the labels.
USADA's Drug Reference Line (1-800-233-0393) cannot guarantee the status of herbals, supplements, and other
health food store products. Supplements are taken at the athlete's own risk.
References to specific products are for example purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement by USADA.
ANALGESIC &
ANTIBIOTIC
ANTIHISTAMINE
ANTIVIRAL
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
ALL ANTIBIOTICS
(Caution: May be prohibited
Acyclovir
[Note: All Non-Steroidal Anti-
ARE ALLOWED.
by some IFs. Decongestant
Amantadine
Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
products are prohibited.)
Didanosine
are allowed.]
ANTI-DIABETIC
Allegra
Famciclovir
Acetaminophen
Actose
Benadryl
Famvir
Acetaminophen with Codeine
Amaryl
Cetirizine
Flumadine
Aspirin
Avandia
Chlorpheniramine
Relenza
Aspirin with Codeine
Diabeta
Chlor-Trimeton
Stavudine
Celebrex
Diabinese
Clamastine
Tamiflu
Codeine
Glipizide
Claritin
Valtrex
Coducept
Glucophage
Diphenhydramine
Zidovudine
Darvocet
Glucotrol
Fexofenadine
Zovirax
Dihydrocodeine
Glyburide
Loratadine
Propoxyphene
Glynase
Tavist I
ANTI-SEIZURE
(Darvon N, Darvon Pulvules)
Micronase
Zyrtec
(Caution: May be prohibited
Tylenol
Prandin
by some IFs.)
Tyleno! with Codeine
Precose
ANTACID
Depakote
Ultram
Rezulin
Di Gel
Neurontin
Vioxx
Gaviscon
Phenobarbital
ANTI-DIARRHEAL
Maalox
Tegretol
ANTI-ANXIETY &
Bismuth subsalicylate
Mylanta
Topamax
ANTI-DEPRESSANT
Diphenoxylate w/ atropine
Tums
(Caution: May be prohibited
Donnagel
ASTHMA PRODUCT
by some IFs.)
Imodium
ANTI-NAUSEA & ANTIVERTIGO
Accolate
Atarax
Kaopectate
(Caution: May be prohibited
Aminophylline
Ativan
Lomotil
by some IFs.)
Atrovent
Buspar
Lonox
Antivert
Cromolyn sodium
Celexa
Loperamide
Bonine
Intal
Effexor
Pepto Bismol
Bucladin S
Ipratropium
Elavil
Compazine
Nedocromil sodium
Librium
ANTIFUNGAL
Diphenhydramine
Singulair
Pamelor
Cruex
Dramamine
Theophylline
Paxil
Diflucan
Emetrol
Tilade
Prozac
Desenex
Kytril
Zyflo
Valium
Lamisil
Motion-aid
Vistaril
Lotrimin
Phenergan
COUGH PREPARATION
Xanax
Micatin
Promethazine
(Caution: Decongestant
Zoloft
Monistat
Reglan
products are prohibited.)
Mycostatin
Tigan
Codeine
Nystatin
Zofran
Dextromethorphan
Sporonox
Guaifenesin
Tinactin
lodinated glycerol
USADA's Drug Reference Line 1-800-233-0393 Fax 1-719-785-2001
Copyright © 2001 United States Anti-Doping Agency. All rights reserved.
30
CHOLESTEROL LOWERING
EXPECTORANT &
LAXATIVE
SLEEP AID / SEDATIVE
Baycol
ANTI-TUSSIVE
Citrucel
(Caution: May be prohibited
Lescol
(Caution: Oral decongestants
Colace
by some IFs.)
Lipitor
are prohibited. Similar
Correctol
Ambien
Lopid
sounding nasal products may
Dulcolax
Antivert
Mevacor
be prohibited.)
Ex-Lax
Ativan
Niacin
Benzonatate
Fibercon
Compoz
Niaspan
Cheracol plain
Fleet Enema
Dalmane
Pravachol
Cheracol-D
Metamucil
Diphenhydramine
Tricor
Delsym
Milk of Magnesia
Halcion
Zocor
Dextromethorphan
Peri-Colace
Meclizine
Guaifenesin
Nytol
CONTRACEPTIVE
Humibid LA
MUSCLE RELAXER
Restoril
Alesse
Humibid DM
[Caution: May be prohibited
Sominex
Demulen
Robitussin (plain, DM, AC)
by someilnternational
Sonata
Desogen
Tessalon Pearls
federations (IFs).]
Unisom
Genora
Tussi-Organidin-DM
Baclofen
Valium
Loestrin
Carisoprodol
Xanax
Lo-Ovral
EAR PRODUCT
Cyclobenzaprine
Modicon
(Note: All antibiotic eardrops
Flexeril
TOPICAL
Nelova
are allowed.)
Norflex
Antibiotics (all are allowed)
Nordette
Auralgan
Norgesic
Aspercreme
Ortho-Cept
Auro Ear Drops
Norgesic Forte
Ben-Gay
Ortho-Cyclen
Cerumenex
Parafon Forte
Capsaicin
Ortho-Tri-Cyclen
Cortisporin
Robaxin
Myoflex cream
Ovcon
Debrox
Soma
Cortaid
Ovral
Murine Ear Drops
Zanaflex
Flex-All 454
Triphasil
Domeboro Otic
Icy Hot Balm
Vosol
NASAL PRODUCT
Sports Cream
DECONGESTANT
Vosol-HC
Astelin
Vicks Vaporub
(Caution: Oral
Atrovent Nasal
Zostrix
decongestants are
EYE PRODUCT
AYR Saline
Zovirax
prohibited. Similar sounding
(Note: All antibiotic eye drops
Beconase (& AQ)
nasal products may be
are allowed.)
Flonase
ULCER
prohibited.)
Artificial Tears
Nasacort (& AQ)
Antacids
4-Way Long Lasting Nasal
Boric acid
Nasalcrom
Axid
Afrin Nasal Spray
Crolom
Nasonex
Carafate
Afrin Children's Drops
Murine Plus
Rhinocort (& Aqua)
Pepcid
Allerest 12 Hour Nasal Spray
Naphcon-A
Ocean
Prevacid
Dristan Nasal Spray
Neo-Synephrine
Salinex
Prilosec
Naphazoline
Oxymetazoline
Vancenase (& AQ)
Propulsid
Neo-Synephrine Nasal Spray
Relief
Tagamet
Nostrilla Nasal
Tetrahydrozoline
PAIN
Zantac
Otrivin
Vasocon-A
(Refer to Tables 6 & 7, p. 14)
Oxymetazoline
Visine
MISCELLANEOUS
Privine
U.S. Anti-Doping Agency
Accutane
Sinex
HEMORRHOIDAL
1265 Lake Plaza Dr.
Amino Acids (alone)
Tetrahydrozoline
[Caution: Suppositories and
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
DDAVP
Tyzine
foams used internally (rectal)
Estrace
Drug Reference Line
Xylometazoline
and containing hydrocortisone
1-800-233-0393
Levoxyl
are prohibited.]
Staff Line
Minerals (alone)
ANTI-MIGRAINE
Anusol
1-866-601-2632
Premarin
FAX
Imitrex
Anusol-HC (external only)
Provera
1-719-785-2001
Amerge
Preparation-H
Web site
Synthroid
Zomig
www.nsantidoping.org
Viagra
Vitamins (alone)
Remember this list is intended for use as a guideline for treatment of certain medical conditions. It is not a
complete list, nor should it be considered an endorsement or recommendation of these drugs. It is the
athlete's responsibility to check the status of all medications.
31
RESTRICTED SUBSTANCE
MEDICAL NOTIFICATION INFORMATION
Do not submit this form for prohibited or permitted substances.
Completion of this form does NOT permit use of prohibited substances.
BETA-2 AGONISTS
The following Beta-2 Agonists are permitted in the aerosol or inhalant forms only to prevent and/or treat
asthma and exercise-induced asthma. Written notification by a respiratory or team physician is necessary
and must be provided to USADA and the Relevant Medical Authority prior to competition.
Formoterol
(Foradil)
Salbutamol
(Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin)
Salmeterol
(Serevent)
Salbutamol/Ipratropium
(Combivent)
Terbutaline
(Brethaire)
Beta-2 Agonists, such as the following, are prohibited even in the inhaled form:
Bambuterol
(Astra, Bambec)
Bitolterol
(Tornalate)
Clenbuterol
(Broncodil, Clenasma, Clenbutol, Contrasmina,
Monores, Novegan, Prontovent, Spiropent, Ventolase)
Fenoterol
(Berotec)
Metaproterenol
(Alupent, Metaprel)
Orciprenaline
Pirbuterol
(Maxair)
Reproterol
(Bronchodil)
Rimiterol
(Pulmadil)
INSULIN
Insulin is permitted only to treat insulin-dependent diabetes. Written notification of insulin-dependent
diabetes (IDDM) by an endocrinologist or team physician is necessary.
LOCAL ANESTHETICS (Local anesthetics are permitted.)
Systemic injections are prohibited, and injectable local anesthetics are permitted under the following
conditions:
1. Bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, etc. can be used, but not cocaine.
2. Vasoconstrictor agents (e.g. adrenaline, epinephrine) may be used in conjunction with local
anesthetics.
3. Only local or intra-articular injections may be administered.
4. These are permitted only when medically justified.
Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, notification of administration of local and intra-
articular injections of anesthetics may be necessary. Written notice must be made prior to the particular
competition to USADA and the relevant medical authority, when applicable, or during the competition in
matters of medical urgency.
CORTICOSTEROIDS
1. The systemic use of corticosteroids is prohibited [i.e., when administered orally, rectally (internal) or
by intravenous or intramuscular injection].
2. Anal (topical), aural, dermatological, inhalational, nasal, and ophthalmological (but not rectal)
administration is permitted.
3. Topical use (in the ear, the eye, or on the skin) is permitted.
4. Inhalation therapy* (i.e., for treatment of asthma) is permitted.
5. Intra-articular* and local injections* of corticosteroids are permitted.
* Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, notification of administration may be necessary. Any physician wishing to
administer corticosteroids intra-articularly or locally to an athlete may be required to give prior written notification to USADA and the
relevant medical authority.
32
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
USADA
Restricted Substance Medical Notification Form
(effective Sept. 1, 2001)
All appropriate areas must be printed legibly in order to process this form.
Resubmit only if the prescription, diagnosis or other pertinent information has changed.
Keep a copy to present at drug testing occasions.
Effective Sept. 1, 2001, all medical notification forms expire ONE YEAR after signed by the athlete's physician.
Athlete's Last Name, First, Middle
Sex
Sport
Street Address, City, State, ZIP
Day Phone
Evening Phone
The purpose of the USADA medical notification form is to notify the relevant medical authorities of the prescribed medical use of
prohibited substances that are permitted under certain circumstances. This form may be shared with the medical authorities of
other relevant sporting bodies (for example, the applicable International Federation, the International Olympic Committee, or the
World Anti-Doping Agency). It is understood that there is no physician/patient relationship between USADA and the athlete on
whose behalf this form is submitted. It is also understood that nothing contained in this form is to be considered confidential
medical information. Physicians completing this form should take care not to include specific information that their patients
would expect to remain confidential. NOTE: Some IFs may require specific medical forms to be filed directly with them. This is
the athlete's responsibility.
BETA-2 INHALERS - No others are permitted. Athlete must have diagnosis of Asthma, EIA, or EIB.
DIAGNOSIS:
MEDICATION
DOSE (SIG)
ROUTE
Formoterol (Foradil)
Salbutamol (Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin)
Salbutamol/Ipratropium (Combivent)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Terbutaline (Brethaire)
Notification is necessary for the following, only if required by the Responsible Authority:
LOCAL OR INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTIONS (i.e., anesthetics, corticosteroids) and/or INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS
DIAGNOSIS:
Date/Time of
MEDICATION
DOSE
ROUTE
Administration
INSULIN - Permitted only to treat insulin-dependent diabetes. Must have diagnosis of IDDM.
DIAGNOSIS:
MEDICATION
DOSE
ROUTE
Date/Time of
Administration
Print Physician Name (MD, DO)
Physician Signature (MD, DO, etc.)
Date
Street Address, City, State, ZIP
Phone
FAX
Mail to: USADA, Medical Notification, 1265 Lake Plaza Dr., Colorado Springs, CO 80906 or fax to USADA at (719) 785-2001.
© 2001 USADA., All rights reserved.
Drug Reference Line: (800) 233-0393
Updated August 2001
Web Site: www.usantidoping.org
33
USOC ANTI-DOPING POLICIES
1.
Retirement
a. Any athlete enrolled in the USADA Out-of-Competition ("OOC") program who wishes to be
removed from the program on account of retirement must promptly notify USADA and the
applicable National Governing Body in writing in order for retirement from the 00C program
to be effective. Any athlete who has not provided advance written notice of retirement to
USADA and then refuses to participate in a USADA 00C test claiming retirement, shall be
"ineligible" for a period of two (2) years following such refusal.
b. Any athlete who has ever been enrolled in a 00C program of an international federation, the
U.S. Olympic Committee or USADA who retires and then wishes to return to eligible status
must enroll in the USADA 00C program at least six (6) months in advance of regaining
eligible status.
C. USADA shall not suspend or terminate the prosecution of a doping offense related to a
positive sample as a result of an athlete's subsequent retirement.
2.
Missed 00C Tests
a. Under the 00C testing program implemented by USADA, it is the responsibility of each
athlete designated by a National Governing Body for OOC participation to provide USADA
with up to date information on his or her whereabouts so that he or she can be located for
NAN testing. Athletes identified for Out-of-Competition testing are required to file Athlete
Location Forms with USADA on a quarterly basis. They are also responsible for notifying
USADA any time they will not be available for testing at the location specified on their Athlete
Location Form. USADA has provided all athletes subject to OOC testing both a facsimile
number and e-mail address to use in updating their Athlete Location Forms or to notify
USADA that they will not be available for testing at the specified location at a particular
time. The USADA procedure for determining that an athlete participating in the NAN
program has a "missed test" is attached.
b. Any athlete having three missed tests within any rolling 18-month period shall be ineligible
for a period of two years from the athlete's last "missed test." No athlete shall be disciplined
for having three missed tests within an eighteen-month period unless the athlete has been
offered an opportunity for a hearing. Missed tests shall not be announced publicly until the
conclusion of the hearing process.
C. The effectiveness of the policy set forth in this resolution shall be reviewed on an ongoing
basis.
34
d.
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO USADA WEB SITE
(www.usantidoping.org)
Athlete Section http://www.usantidoping.org/athletes
Links to NGBs, IFs and other anti-doping organizations
http://www.usantidoping.org/links/index.htm
Prohibited Substances Section http://www.usantidoping.org/prohibited sub/index.htm
(includes prohibited Substance List and enlarged USADA Wallet Card)
USADA Protocol for Olympic Movement Testing
http://www.usantidoping.org/files/USADA Protocol.pdf
USADA Athlete Location Form http://www.usantidoping.org/files/Athlete_Locator_Form.pdf
USADA Change of Plan Form http://www.usantidoping.org/files/Changeof Plan.pdf
(Note: The USADA Change of Plan Form information can now be emailed to USADA at [email protected] The USADA Change of
Plan Form cannot be used in place of the Athlete Location Form. The USADA Quarterly Athlete Location Form must be on file with USADA
before the USADA Change of Plan Form can be accepted. Remember, each athlete must complete and return an athlete location form
each quarter.
To utilize this service, you must have your email account registered with USADA through USADA Quarterly Athlete Location forms. In
addition, the email must come from the account that is your email account of record with USADA.
USADA Restricted Substance Medical Notification Form
http://www.usantidoping.org/files/Restricted Medical_Form.pdf
USADA
UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
"
U.S. ANTI-DOPING AGENCY
1265 Lake Plaza Dr.
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
719-785-2000
www.usantidoping.org
STEROID
USE-
710C
7 Anti-doping Agery
(Fed Furded the
ONSEP)
Tickle: Fitness Event
Sept- - South Lown
Preservation Copy