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West Point Commencement, 06/01/2002 [4]
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2014-0555-F
[
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Tuesday, June 16, 2015
FOIA Marker
This is not a textual record. This FOIA Marker indicates that material has been removed
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Speechwriting, White House Office of
Reilly, Jeannette
Location or
NARA Number:
FRC ID:
OA Number:
Stack: Row: Sect.: Shelf: Pos.:
Hollinger ID:
W
17
7
4
1
1031
13966
1987
2075
Folder Title:
West Point Commencement, 06/01/2002 [4]
Withdrawn/Redacted Material
The George W. Bush Library
DOCUMENT FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
NO.
001
Speech
United States Military Academy Commencement
10
06/01/2002
P1/b1; P5; P6/b6;
002
Newsletter
West Point Parents Club of Georgia Newsletter [pages 2-
4
03/2002
P3/b3; P6/b6;
4, 10]
COLLECTION TITLE:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
SERIES:
Reilly, Jeannette
FOLDER TITLE:
West Point Commencement, 06/01/2002 [4]
FRC ID:
1031
RESTRICTION CODES
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Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
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9/23/01 FLTODAY 01
9/23/01 Fla. Today 01
2001 WL 13448301
(Publication page references are not available for this document.)
Florida Today
(c) Copyright 2001, Florida Today. All Rights Reserved.
Sunday, September 23, 2001
News
FLORIDA'S TERRORIST NETWORK
John McCarthy and Paige St. John
Compiled from AP wire reports
Terrorists found tools in Florida
By Tony Manolatos, John McCarthy and Paige St. John
Florida Today
We may never know their real names. But most of the suspected terrorists
behind the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon lived and
operated in Florida, records show. Here, they found what they needed.
At least four learned to pilot planes in Daytona Beach, Vero Beach and
Venice. Several rented suburban houses and vacation apartments. Some are
suspected of buying inexpensive used cars. They likely used local
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cellphones and free library e-mail accounts to communicate as they
bounced from one city to the next.
And they seemed to have plenty of cash.
The FBI is scrambling to fill in the gaps on how these terrorists
plotted evil, entered the United States, blended in, earned money,
trained, communicated and carried out a deadly plan to near perfection.
Meanwhile, telling details have emerged showing how this network could
function, unnoticed and uninterrupted -- with Central and South Florida
unwittingly providing the tools.
Osama bin Laden, the Saudi exile widely viewed as having ordered the
attacks, began piecing the network together years ago. Experts said bin
Laden is so familiar with the U.S. and its customs that he was able to
pinpoint our weaknesses, gather information and resources and train his
followers to use them against us.
The intelligence and tools bin Laden and his followers found in Florida
include:
Easy entry
Anyone traveling to the U.S. from the Middle East needs a visa to enter
legally. The FBI so far has confirmed only two of the 19 hijackers had
visas.
One, Khalid al-Midhar, had a "B1" visa, issued to temporary visitors on
business. Another, Marwan al-Shehhi, had a "B2" visa, issued to
temporary visitors for pleasure.
Another 16 of the hijackers entered the U.S. legally with student visas,
said Harvey Kushner, chairman of the criminal justice department at Long
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Island University and author of numerous books on terrorism. The FBI
would neither confirm nor deny this.
The State Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs issues visas after
interviewing applicants and running background checks. It's possible
some of the hijackers used false identification to pass the background
checks and avoid leaving a trail. The Immigration and Naturalization
Service determines when visas expire.
The 1 million foreign students in the U.S., about a quarter of which are
in vocational programs -- including flight schools -- may stay for the
length of their study program.
Once the program is over, immigrants must leave. But many don't. The
government has no tracking system for them, and few universities or
schools notify the INS of expired visas as they are supposed to.
Of the suspected hijackers tracked to Central and South Florida, none
appeared to be enrolled in vocational schools at the time of the
attacks.
"Each year, we have about 30 million admissions of students, tourists
and other non-immigrants," said Elaine Komis a spokesperson for the INS
in Washington D.C.
"How do you track 30 million people?"
State IDs
It is possible to lead the life the hijackers apparently did -- rent
homes, get credit cards, buy plane tickets -- with a driver's license or
some other form of legitimate ID. The suspected terrorists proved it's
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not hard to get such cards.
A search of Florida driving records shows at least 10 of the hijackers
had a driver's license or an ID card issued by the state.
To obtain a Florida driver's license or ID card, a foreign resident need
only show an immigration form, such as a visa, showing they entered the
country legally and some secondary proof of identification. Many of the
suspected hijackers produced Saudi driver's licenses as this second form
of ID.
But the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles will accept a
wide variety of secondary IDs including a family bible record or a birth
announcement in a baby book.
Money
In addition to buying expensive airline tickets -- the first-class seats
on one flight alone cost $14,000 -- the suspected hijackers rented
apartments and condominiums in Delray Beach, attended flight schools in
Indian River and Volusia counties, rented cars in Broward County and
supported their families and even bought furniture. They paid with a mix
of credit cards, bank checks and U.S. currency.
In Venice, Mohammad Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi each paid about $10,000 to
attend Huffman Aviation flight school from July to November last year,
where they learned to fly small airplanes. They wrote checks. Atta was
one of four pilots on the first jet to crash into the World Trade
Center. Al-Shehhi was aboard the other, investigators said, the only one
believed to be a pilot.
Terrorism experts have estimated it cost the terrorists less than
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$300,000 to carry out the plane-bombings. How they obtained the money
here remains unclear, but a number of possibilities have emerged.
Several banks, including SunTrust, acknowledged they have turned over
records of accounts opened in the names of hijacking suspects. Any wire
transfers into those accounts would leave a paper trail, albeit after
the fact.
John McGrail, an officer at Phoenix East Aviation in Daytona Beach, said
international students attending the flight school frequently wire ahead
a large lump sum -- say $40,000 -- to his school's escrow account.
McGrailisubtracts from that the student's training costs, plane rental
fees, and such. But it doesn't stop there.
"We'll also dole the money out for living expenses," McGrail said.
International money-laundering experts last year raised the concern that
non-financial institutions -- including real estate companies -- are
increasingly used to secrete contraband money into the U.S.
However, the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, based in
Paris, reported criminal activity ranks as the No. 1 money source for
terrorism.
Florida has long been the site of international tourism, drug running
and vacation homes for rich American families, and residents there are
used to seeing strangers spending money freely with no visible means of
support. That the hijackers, without jobs, could afford $1,500 for three
hours in a flight simulator might warrant comment in some places, but
not here.
Flight school
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The identities of the hijacking suspects are now in question, with the
realization that they may have used names of legitimate Saudi Arabians.
Even so, evidence suggests that at least nine of them had pilot training
in the United States, most of them at flight schools in Central and
South Florida.
Flight school owners attribute relatively low fuel prices and
predictable weather for the international attraction to Florida.
Commercial pilot-training contracts with a friendly nation, Saudi
Arabia, would have allowed the Middle Eastern suspects to attract little
attention.
What's more, Florida aviation schools are on a direct flight path to the
Middle East. Federal immigration records show Orlando is the
third-largest port of entry for visitors from Saudi Arabia, behind only
New York and Washington, D.C.
There is such a long tradition of training Saudis at one Daytona Beach
school, a flight instructor said school graduates are now sending their
sons to him for instruction.
Flight schools also serve as a convenient way to get a visa to enter the
United States. With a small deposit, usually about $300, flight schools
will send any foreign applicant the paperwork he or she needs to apply
for a vocational student visa from any U.S. embassy.
As for piloting the suicide planes, airline flight crews likely were
forced to navigate the planes close to the targets, said Dave Esser, a
professor and chair of the aeronautical science department at
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach.
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Waleed M. Alshehri, a pilot aboard the first of two planes to slam into
the World Trade Center, graduated from Embry-Riddle.
"Flying an airplane into the building doesn't take much skill at all,"
Esser said. "It takes about as much skill as driving a car into a
telephone pole."
Outside of simulator training, Embry-Riddle and most other flight
schools in Florida don't teach classes on operating commercial jets like
the 757s and 767s used in the attacks, Esser said.
"Quite frequently, that training is done from the airlines," Esser said.
"Most flight schools are going to have small, light piston-propeller
airplanes."
Housing access
The main ingredient in getting housing for foreigners is the same as it
is for citizens: Money.
When a landlord looks at potential tenants the main question in his or
her mind is, "Can and will this person pay the rent on time?"
For U.S. citizens, answering that question generally includes a credit
check as well as calls to past landlords. But those steps will tell you
little about a foreign citizen who has just arrived in this country.
"You have to go on a gut feeling," said Paul Stimeling, a Vero Beach
real estate agent who has rented homes -- both clients' and ones he owns
-- to foreign students at FlightSafety International in Vero Beach,
which has many international students.
"They've been really good. They pay on time," Stimeling said.
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And foreign citizens need not even rent directly from a homeowner or
apartment management company. If an existing tenant takes on a foreign
roommate, the landlord would be unlikely to know.
One hijacker, Ahmed Alghamdi, is believed to have lived recently in the
Fountains Apartment, adjacent to the University of West Florida in
Pensacola. But the Fountains' manager, Penny Higgs, says she examined
her records as far back as 1994, and found no reference to Alghamdi. "I
can't find a link at all to him."
Transportation
Getting around Florida and the rest of the country undetected and on
time wasn't difficult for the terrorists.
At least one man the FBI questioned for his involvement in the attacks
bought a used car, a 1993 green Ford Taurus, at a used-car lot in Palm
Bay owned by a man of Middle Eastern descent.
FBI agents visited the Palm Bay lot, Zach's Cars, last week. The week
before, agents visited another Middle Eastern-owned used-car lot,
Qablawi Auto Sales, in Cocoa. Records on the Taurus were examined and
employees were interviewed.
Records obtained by Florida Today show Mohammad Mahmoud al-Raqqad, 37,
bought the Taurus in February from Zach's Cars. In January, the car was
at Qablawi Auto Sales. Owners of both lots said they had no knowledge of
al-Raqqad beyond the sale of the Taurus.
Al-Raqqad was picked up by police with two other men, Ahmad Kilfat, 45,
and Nicholas Makrakis, 27, in New Jersey two days after the attacks. He
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was in a Pontiac FBI agents had told local authorities to be on the
lookout for.
Raqqad and his two companions, including one the FBI suspects of
carrying false ID, had $11,641 in cash as well as 12 credit cards with
statements indicating large cash advances, police from Elizabeth, N.J.,
said.
If al-Raqqad was involved -- and that hasn't been proven -- he bought
the Taurus from Zach's Cars for a reason, Long Island's Kushner said.
"These guys often pay with cash, and money talks," he said. "Somebody
from your own background is going to raise less suspicion.
Leadership
An effective terrorist group has strong and spiritual leadership that
trickles down through the entire organization, Long Island's Kushner
said.
Cells -- groups of about six or fewer workers -- serve as soldiers,
carrying out multiple tasks, from making money to the terrorist acts
themselves. Cell leaders likely planned and orchestrated the terrorist
acts, but did not fly on any of the planes.
Cells operate independently of each other because the less someone
knows, the less they're able to divulge to authorities if they're
caught, Kushner said.
Very few people in bin Laden's organization know all of the plans and
responsibilities dolled out to each member.
Records and FBI actions indicate that while some of the men from Florida
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moved together and even shared addresses, others seemed to have no
connection and emerged as suspects in separate stages of the plot.
Groups of men lived and traveled together in Vero Beach, Delray Beach,
Broward County and Venice.
Orlando, one of the nation's largest ports of entry for Middle Eastern
visitors, was home base for Ihab Mohamed Ali, whose job driving taxi
cabs gave no hint to a secondary life as a pilot and alleged aide to bin
Laden's associates in the 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and
Tanzania.
Ali was an alleged courier for bin Laden. He has never been charged in
the bombings. He remains jailed, instead, on civil contempt charges for
refusing to talk, his court records remain sealed.
Communications
Americans enjoy the largest and most diverse communications network in
the world. And so do terrorists living in America.
Even if the Constitution allowed it, it would be impossible to monitor
all telephone, e-mail and wireless communications nationwide, said Marc
Enger, executive vice president at Digital Defense Inc., a San Antonio,
Texas-based computer security firm.
That means that counter-terrorism experts need to concentrate on people
who are considered likely threats, said Enger, the former head of the
Air Intelligence Agency, the Air Force's intelligence arm.
The problem is many would-be terrorist are "faceless, soldiers" with no
criminal background or ties to known terrorists, Enger said. And those
people aren't likely to do anything to call attention to themselves.
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For example, Atta purchased his American Airlines ticket over the World
Wide Web, using a frequent-flyer account he recently established.
In Delray Beach, the library director said one of his employees recalled
the name of suspected hijacker Marwan al-Shehhi as a person who signed
up to use the computers for Internet access in July or August. The FBI
identified al-Shehhi as one of the hijackers aboard United Flight 175,
the second jetliner that crashed
One Florida business owner told authorities he had received an e-mail
that Atta had sent to a large e-mail group, providing agents with dozens
of other possible contacts, Clement said. The sheriff said he thought
the e-mail was a political article written in Arabic and English.
He said it showed a photo of a dead child killed in a riot in the Middle
East.
Florida's terrorist network
The 19 men identified by the FBI as suspected hijackers aboard the four
planes that crashed Sept. 11. Several had connections to Florida:
--- Mohamed Atta, believed to have taken over and flown American
Airlines Flight 11, which crashed into the World Trade Center's north
tower.
--- Marwan al-Shehhi, believed to have taken over and flown United
Airlines Flight 175, which crashed into the World Trade Center's south
tower.
--- Hani Hanjour
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--- Wail Alshehri
--- Waleed M. Alshehri
--- Abdulaziz Alomari
--- Ziad Jarrahi
--- Khalid al-Midhar
--- Majed Moqed
--- Nawaq Alhamzi
--- Salem Alhamzi
--- Satam al-Suqami
--- Fayez Ahmed
--- Ahmed Alghamdi
--- Hamza Alghamdi
--- Mohald Alshehri
---- Saeed Alghamdi,
--- Ahmed Alhaznawi
--- Ahmed Alnami
The eight essential elements
The FBI is scrambling learn how terrorists entered the United States,
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blended in, earned money, trained and gathered identification. They
appear to have functioned unnoticed, with Central and South Florida
unwittingly providing the tools:
Entry - Many would-be terrorists are faceless soldiers with no criminal
background or ties to known terrorists. They enter with legitimate,
temporary visas then go unmonitored.
Money - Scams and other criminal activity ranks as the number No. 1
source of money for terrorism, experts say. The suspects paid with a mix
of cash, bank checks and credit cards.
Leadership - Supporters of Osama bin-Laden have lived and worked in
Florida for years, records show.
Communication - Suspects used cellular phones and possibly free public
Internet connections at libraries in South Florida.
IDs - Thirteen of the 19 suspects named by the FBI obtained Florida
drivers licenses and identity cards by presenting the few documents
required by Florida law.
Transportation - They paid cash and may have bought used cars from
other Middle Easterners, who would feel little suspicion, experts say.
Housing - Many of the suspected hijackers made beach motels and
sprawling apartment complexes their temporary homes.
Flight training - The suspected terrorists apparently trained at flight
schools in Vero Beach, Daytona Beach and South Florida.
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Inside a terrorist cell
A terrorist organization is a network of groups, each of which is
composed of several cells. Within each cell are individuals with
specific functions. These individuals may not know the identities of
other members of the cell, so if one is captured, the trail to find
others may end.
Components of a cell and their functions:
--- Intelligence: Videotaping targets, or watching airport security
techniques.
--- Financial: Fund-raising and money laundering.
--- Logistical: Establishing safe houses; renting cars; providing
documents, passports, IDs and cash.
--- Operations: Recruiting; supervising; timing; giving the final OK.
--- Foot soldiers: Executing the act of terrorism.
Sources: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Heritage
Foundation; Association of Former Intelligence Officers
Osama bin Laden: A violent history
Elusive Saudi militant Osama bin Laden, the prime suspect in Tuesday's
attacks, is widely regarded as the world's most dangerous man.
"I'm fighting so I can die a martyr and go to heaven to meet God. Our
fight now is against the Americans."
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--- Osama bin Laden
1990 - The Gulf, War and flow of overseas troops into the Middle East had
fueled bin Laden's anger against the U.S.
1991 - Saudis arrest him for criticizing their decision to bring in
American troops. Leaves for Sudan and begins setting up terrorist
training camps.
1992 - Claimed to have carried out attacks on U.S. soldiers in Somalia.
"
1993 - Believed by U.S. officials to be behind first bomb attack on
World Trade Center, in which six died and more than 1,000 were injured.
1995 - Supported a failed plot to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni
Mubarak in Ethiopia.
Backed the bombing of military training facility in Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia, that killed five American servicemen.
1996 - Sudan bows to U.S. pressure and asks bin Laden to leave. Takes
refuge in Afghanistan.
Backed another bombing in Saudi Arabia that shattered an apartment
complex housing U.S. servicemen, killing at least 19.
August 1998 - Believed to have planned the U.S. embassy bombings in
Kenya and Tanzania that killed 224 people, including 12 Americans.
2000 - Officials think the attack on USS Cole in Yemen that killed 17
U.S. soldiers had the markings of a bin Laden operation.
Sept. 11, 2001 - U.S. confirms bin Laden and his al-Qaeda group are the
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leading suspects in attacks on New York and Washington.
Events in Florida
Daytona Beach
--- In 1997, Waleed M. Alshehri, 25, graduated from the Embry-Riddle
Aeronautical University with a bachelor's degree in aeronautical
science.
--- Sept. 11, he was listed as a passenger on the American Airlines
flight that left Boston and crashed into the World Trade Center. FBI
questioned residents near his former home.
Venice
--- In July 2000, Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi arrived from Germany
to take flight training at Huffman Aviation.
--- Sept. 13, FBI agents removed student files from the nearby Florida
Flight Training Center.
Coral Springs
--- Sept. 11, FBI agents and police officers raided the apartment
complex Mohamed Atta had listed on his Florida driver's license.
Pompano Beach
--- Sept.12, FBI agents went to Warricks Rent-A-Car to confiscate
records for three rentals by Atta beginning Aug. 6.
Vero Beach
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--- Sept. 12, 13, federal agents searched homes and questioned flight
engineers at Flight Safety International, a commercial jet pilot school.
One of those students, Abdulrahman Alomari, told a landlord he was a
commercial pilot from Saudi Arabia.
--- On Sept. 3, Alomari moved out of the house.
Orlando
--- The FBI last weekend arrested the owner of a home in East Orange
County and he is now being held without bail for questioning as a
material witness. Investigators have not yet charged the man. "
CAPTION:
B&W AP photos
Mohamed Atta is believed to have taken over and flown American Airlines
Flight 11, which crashed into the World Trade Center's north tower. He
trained as a pilot in Venice, Fla.
Marwan al-Shehhi is believed to have taken over and flown United
Airlines Flight 175, which crashed into the World Trade Center's south
tower. He lived in Hollywood, Fla.
INDEX REFERENCES
NEWS SUBJECT: English language content; Acts Of Terror; Political/General News; Page-One Story;
Content Types; Front-Page Stories; News Agency Material; Crime/Courts; Crime (ENGL GTERR
GCAT NPAG NCAT PAG NNAM GCRIM CRM)
PRODUCT: African/Middle East News/Features (DAF)
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REGION: United States - Florida; United States; North American Countries; Florida; North America;
United States; Middle Eastern Countries; Middle East; African Countries; Africa; Southern U.S. (USFL
USA NAMZ FL NME US MEASTZ ML AFRICAZ AF USS)
Word Count: 3363
9/23/01 FLTODAY 01
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10/16/01 NATLPOST A14
10/16/01 Nat'l Post A14
2001 WL 28025974
(Publication page references are not available for this document.)
National Post
(c) National Post 2001. All Rights Reserved.
Tuesday, October 16, 2001
Comment
Cellphones versus box-cutters
John O'Sullivan
National Post
John O'Sullivan is editor-in-chief; of United Press International in Washington, D.C.
Even before the events of Sept. 11, military experts were warning of
the dangers posed by Osama bin Laden's brand of terrorist warfare.
"Asymmetrical war" is a strategy employed by the weaker side in a
conflict to compensate for -- and even to profit from -- its enemy's
strengths.
A small bomb placed near the ammunition room, for instance, might
cripple a battleship. In fact a small bomb, ferried to the ship in a
tiny supply boat, did damage the USS Cole in Aden. Such modest
expenditures by the terrorist not only cause costly damage. They also
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force the stronger side to embark on expensive precautions over a wide
expanse of territory while the terrorist can choose his point of attack
from an almost infinite number of opportunities.
In his poem "Arithmetic on the Frontier," Kipling caught the financial
asymmetry exactly:
A scrimmage in a border station
A canter down some dark defile
Two thousand pounds of education
Drops to a ten rupee jezail.
At first glance the events of Sept. 11 -- in which the terrorists,
armed only with primitive box-cutters, seized four planes and drove
three of them into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, killing
thousands -- seem to demonstrate the usefulness of such warfare. Look
more closely, however, and a different picture emerges.
Almost every action taken by the terrorists was dictated by their need
to evade regular air safety precautions. They used box-cutters because
X-ray machines made it too risky to bring guns or grenades on board.
Because box-cutters might not be sufficient to intimidate a planeload of
people inclined to resist, they had to cow other passengers by sheer
force of numbers -- potentially arousing suspicion. And, finally,
because a bomb had proved insufficient to bring down the World Trade
Center six years earlier, they had to transform the hijacked planes into
flying bombs, aim them at the buildings, and "suicide" themselves in the
process.
An advocate of asymmetrical warfare might still judge the operation a
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success -- cold-blooded and ruthless perhaps but also relatively cheap
and very ingenious. Again, however, look more closely.
The operation may have been cheap in financial terms -- US$300,000 is
one estimate -- but it cost the lives of 19 terrorists who had been
expensively trained in munitions, architecture and flying. (Any future
such hijackings will require new suicidal devotees and new training
courses.) It also demanded years of meticulous planning to outwit what
until a month ago were often casual safety precautions.
Consider, by contrast, the extraordinarily rapid response of ordinary
Americans to this terrorist "success." Less than 90 minutes after the
planes slammed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the
passengers on the fourth plane rebelled against their captors and
brought it down in Pennsylvania, sacrificing their own lives to save
perhaps thousands of others and the White House.
Supporting this heroism were two recent developments in U.S. life:
cellphones and round-the-clock news. Within minutes of the attack on the
twin towers, the world learned about it via radio, television and the
Web. And passengers on two of the four planes learned the news from
family and friends over their cellphones.
Those passengers found themselves in a uniquely horrific situation.
Unlike all others who had been hijacked up to that moment, they could
not assume they would suffer a few days' inconvenience and humiliation
before negotiations released them. They knew they were the doomed
inhabitants of flying bombs.
The first plane hit the Pentagon at almost exactly the same time as
the passengers learned of their fate and before they had time to react.
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The second was brought down by heroic passengers. And that courageous
response took not years of meticulous planning and indoctrination, but
minutes of spontaneous co-operation by ordinary people used to the
everyday procedures of a self-organizing civil society.
Any future hijacker must contemplate not only improved official
security precautions, but also the likelihood that the passengers will
resist. It sharply increases the odds against him. Asymmetrical war has
produced an asymmetrical response.
And the lesson goes beyond hijackings. In making war on modern
civilization, bin Laden has taken on two forces that together are
probably invincible -- the first is the patient, methodical,
bureaucratic procedures of the modern state, the second the spontaneous
organizing power of ordinary people in a democratic society.
What took Osama years of meticulous planning in his remote cave was
rendered obsolete within minutes by the courage of a randomly selected
group of American travellers. He may not know it yet; he may even score
a few more victories; but the Cave Man is already extinct.
INDEX REFERENCES
KEY WORDS: TERRORISM; HIJACKING; SECURITY SYSTEMS; HEROISM; WORLD TRADE
CENTER; PENTAGON
NEWS SUBJECT: Crime; Crime/Courts; English language content; Terrorism; Political/General News;
Corporate/Industrial News (CRM GCRIM ENGL GTERR GCAT CCAT)
NEWS CATEGORY: OPINION
MARKET SECTOR: Industrial (IDU)
INDUSTRY: Diversified Technology; Diversified Industrial (DTC IDD)
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A Presidency Defined in One Speech
Bush Saw Address as Both Reassurance and Resolve to a
Troubled Nation
By Dan Balz and Bob Woodward
Washington Post Staff Writers
Saturday, February 2, 2002; Page A01
Tuesday, September 18
President Bush and Vice President Cheney marked the seventh day since
the terrorist attacks with a moment of silence on the White House lawn,
then met with the National Security Council. After the president began
the meeting, CIA Director George J. Tenet told the group that the
agency was sending an eight-man team to Afghanistan to work with the
Northern Alliance. "We are launching our plan," he said.
Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld reported that military planning
was proceeding, now that Bush had signed off on an option that included
cruise missiles, manned bombers and U.S. forces on the ground.
Keeping options open is important but not the primary focus, Bush told
Rumsfeld. "The top priority is shaking [Osama] bin Laden's tree."
With preparations underway to go to war, Bush had begun to think of
how he would explain both to the country and the world -- what he
planned to do. He wanted to announce his plans before a joint session of
Congress. But before he set a date for his appearance, he wanted to feel
comfortable with the tone and the language of what he was going to say
-- no presidential speech in recent history would be more important to
national morale or more scrutinized than this one.
Planning for the speech had begun Sunday afternoon when Bush
returned from Camp David. Meeting with members of his
communications team, Bush told them his initial thoughts, and White
House counselor Karen P. Hughes wrote them out on a pad: "America is
united and strong
Praise Congress.
By uniting in capital
[Washington], we've helped unite nation.
Single out, we're
Americans now, not Republicans or Democrats.
Here's what we need
to do
The world has rallied."
There had been some striking images since Sept. 11 -- groups of
citizens in silent vigils, carrying candles and mourning the victims of the
terrorist attacks, for example -- and Hughes said the speech should
evoke them. The speech should describe what the threat was, and why.
Other themes she noted included: "Call to action, we will rout them out.
Define mission
War is not against one person or one group, it's
against terrorism."
It was obvious that Sunday that the president had decided to launch
military strikes, but he made no mention of them to his communications
team. Hughes asked what they should say about military action.
"If we've done something, describe what we've done," Bush replied. "If
not, our message to the military: Be prepared." He also said the speech
should set expectations for the American people about the war on
terrorism that it would be "lengthy,"
The next day, Monday, Bush was more urgent, telling Hughes he wanted
to see a draft of the speech by that night. She knew how the
speechwriters liked to operate, and said it would be difficult if not
impossible to produce such an important speech that quickly.
"I want it by 7," Bush said.
Hughes relayed the president's instructions to chief speechwriter Michael
Gerson. His reaction was the same: difficult if not impossible. "I already
tried that," Hughes said.
Gerson worked for a few minutes in his office in the basement of the
West Wing, then walked over to Room 271 in the Eisenhower Executive
Office Building, where he joined fellow speechwriters Matthew Scully and
John McConnell.
While Gerson was the best known of the president's speechwriters, the
three often combined to write the most important speeches. After
working together through the 2000 presidential campaign, they had
developed an interesting arrangement, with McConnell at the computer
keyboard and Gerson and Scully grouped around the desk. They fed
lines to one another, edited each other as they wrote and together built
a speech sentence by sentence, phrase by phrase.
They had no good outline but did have the benefit of work that had been
done by John Gibson, a speechwriter on the NSC staff, that provided
background on al Qaeda and the Taliban. Armed with that information,
one suggested the following sentence: "We are not deceived by their
pretenses to piety." Someone else added the next sentence: "We have
seen their kind before."
They wrestled with how to define the Taliban's place in the history of
corrupted ideologies, what they wanted to call "discarded lies." The "ash
heap of history" was a cliché. Someone suggested the phrase
"unmarked grave," then someone suggested putting the phrases
together. The paragraph concluded with, "And they will follow that path
all the way to where it ends, in history's unmarked grave of discarded
lies."
Facing Bush's deadline, they worked almost without pause and by
Monday evening they had produced the first draft.
After the NSC meeting Tuesday morning, Bush met with Hughes and the
speechwriting team. He told them he was not satisfied with what they
had given him, particularly the conclusion. It was too elevated, too
esoteric for what he wanted to say. What he wanted, Bush told his
team, was a pledge to the American people.
The speechwriters had rarely seen Bush so passionate. "This is what my
presidency is about," Bush said repeatedly, referring to his decisions and
plans responding to Sept. 11. He said he wanted the conclusion of the
speech to be emphatic and personal. He didn't want to paint big
pictures. He wanted simple, direct statements that would say: This is my
mission, my purpose; this is the nation's purpose.
He told his team he wanted to convey that the war on terrorism would
consume him throughout his presidency, and that he was making a
personal commitment to the American people to see it through, however
long it might take.
In an interview in December, Bush explained why he wanted the speech
to end with such a pledge. "I understand the job of the president," he
said. "And the job of the president is to lead a nation in a long and
difficult struggle, and this is going to be a very long and difficult
struggle."
Bush originally envisioned the speech as a central part of his effort to
educate the American people about the unconventional war he was
beginning to launch. But as the week went on, the speech also became
the rhetorical vehicle to describe, at least in veiled language, the scope
of a total war on terrorism using the military, the CIA, financial pressure
and diplomacy.
During the Tuesday morning meeting with the speechwriting team, Rice
brought in the wording of an ultimatum to the Taliban that had been
drafted by the State Department. Bush had instructed Secretary of State
Colin L. Powell to issue the ultimatum the day before, but Powell had
asked for more time.
When Bush saw what the State Department had produced, he began to
think it made more sense to include the ultimatum in his speech, rather
than to have it issued by the State Department. At a minimum, it would
produce a headline in a speech that otherwise would be mostly
descriptive. More than that, Bush concluded, an ultimatum to the
Taliban would carry more weight if it came directly from the president of
the United States with the rest of the world watching.
As Bush was working through his problems with the initial draft of his
speech, White House Chief of Staff Andrew H. Card Jr. reminded him he
was under no rush to get it done. Bush should not try to schedule the
speech until he was totally comfortable with what it said, Card said,
despite pressure from Congress to set a firm date.
Bush later explained: "I wanted to make sure that we did it right before
I committed to giving a speech. This is one of the few speeches where
the timing of the speech was loose. In other words, I wasn't going to get
up there in front of the nation until I was certain that we were ready to
go."
Gerson, McConnell and Scully went back to work.
6:30 p.m. Bush Reassures the French, Takes a Hard Line on Taliban
Bush met with French President Jacques Chirac, his first meeting with a
foreign head of state since the attacks. The visit had been scheduled
long before Sept. 11, and Chirac's advisers assumed that Bush might
want to postpone it because of the crisis. But the president told Chirac in
a telephone call that he thought it would be helpful to go ahead.
Chirac had given the United States total support in the days after the
attacks, but was anxious to see and hear from Bush firsthand what the
administration was thinking. Chirac's advisers were struck by the
president's sense of confidence. Bush did most of the talking on the
American side, surprising the French by speaking without notes and
allaying their concerns that the United States might act precipitously.
Chirac stressed the importance of building an international coalition. This
should not be one country against the rest of the world, he said, but all
civilized countries against a group of terrorists. Bush said the United
States had no interest in going it alone, although in the early days of the
crisis he told his advisers he would do so, if necessary.
Two days earlier Bush had described the war as a "crusade," and Chirac
cautioned Bush not to fall into the trap bin Laden hoped to set, by
making the conflict between Christianity and the Muslim world. The
president, who had been gently upbraided by his advisers over the
"crusade" comment, said he agreed completely.
At dinner, the two presidents broached the subject of Iraq, although
they did not talk specifically about military action against the regime of
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Chirac explained how dangerous the
situation there was because of the Iraqis' ability to get around the
United Nations embargo. Getting inspectors back into Iraq was essential.
Bush and Chirac also discussed an ultimatum for the Taliban. What if the
Taliban does not accept? Chirac asked. Then we will issue it again, Bush
responded.
And if the Taliban fails to respond again?
"Then they will pay the price," Bush said.
About 9:30 p.m., as Gerson pulled into his driveway in suburban
Virginia, his cell phone rang. It was the president with some further
thoughts about the speech. Bush rarely called at night with late edits,
preferring to work in the morning. Gerson pulled out a copy of the
speech and, sitting in his car in the driveway, went to work.
Bush wasn't sold on the draft but told Gerson they were heading in the
right direction. For the next half-hour they went through the speech
paragraph by paragraph, with two dozen or so proposed changes.
Gerson took this as a good sign: Bush normally did not begin line-
editing a speech until he was happy with the overall outline and
structure.
Bush still did not like the conclusion, but he was thoroughly engaged by
now. It was clear to Gerson that they were getting close.
Wednesday, September 19 Out of Many Contributions, The President's
Speech Emerges
Meeting with the NSC in the White House Situation Room, Bush asked
for assurances that U.S. officials had clearly insisted that the Taliban
regime release two young American female aid workers who were being
held hostage. Later he would include their release in the list of demands
he gave the Taliban.
Bush also urged Powell and Rumsfeld to emphasize in their briefings that
the international coalition would change with the requirements of the
war effort -- that different countries would be asked for different
contributions, that this would not be a single, grand, unchanging
coalition.
Powell replied, "We won't demand from our coalition partners what they
can't give, but states can't say they are anti-terror here and pro-terror
at home."
That morning, Hughes asked Card and Rice if they thought Bush had
decided the speech draft was in good enough shape for him to appear
before Congress. Personally, Hughes thought it still needed a lot of
work, but if the president was basically satisfied with the draft she did
not want to criticize it, lest it undermine his confidence in the text.
Hughes thought the speech was not vivid or clear enough, and did not
evoke the threat of terrorism in a way that would make it real to the
American people. Rice agreed, and said she would send two of her
senior staff members to work with Hughes to improve the language.
The president had a different problem with the latest draft -- he was still
unhappy with the conclusion. Despite his impassioned statements
throughout the week, he felt his speechwriters had not incorporated the
directness and simplicity he was looking for.
"Is anybody listening?" he asked. Hughes did not think the speech would
be ready that week.
In her second-floor office in the West Wing, Hughes went to work on the
draft, trying to paint a more vivid picture of the Taliban and the regime's
harsh treatment of the Afghan people. She also rewrote the section of
the speech on tolerance that was designed to send a message of
reassurance to Muslims that the enemy was terrorism, not Islam.
Speechwriters Gerson, Scully and McConnell kept going on the
conclusion. From time to time that morning, Bush would call to ask:
Where is the speech?
About 11:30 a.m., the speechwriters called Hughes to say they thought
the conclusion was in shape and brought it over to her office. Together
they went over the speech line by line before deciding they were ready
to show it to Bush. About 1:15 p.m., they walked into the Oval Office.
"You're all smiling," Bush noted. "That's good."
Throughout the speechwriting process, various officials had been
proposing changes in language.
The State Department was concerned about offending coalition partners,
and in deference to Russia's willingness to support the war on terrorism,
the phrase "imperial communism" gave way to "totalitarianism" as one
of the murderous ideologies of the 20th century.
Powell also told Hughes he was concerned about a line in the text
equating the Taliban to the Mafia. It will needlessly offend "the anti-
'Soprano' crowd," he argued, a reference to the popular HBO series
about a Mafia family. Hughes was insistent. It will work, she said, and
the phrase stayed in.
Hughes had examined the scores of suggestions she had received from
other officials and had made about three small changes in the text. As
Bush began reading the speech aloud, he got to the first addition and
said: "Are you just putting things in and out of the speech?" He got to
another one. This is different, he said. Who put this in? Are you just
willy-nilly adding things to this speech?
"No," Hughes replied. "I had to use my judgment. You were in a
meeting."
Bush made a few suggestions as he read, but when he finished the draft
he was pleased. "Great job," he told his advisers. "Let's go tell the
Congress."
He wanted to speak before a joint session the next night, he told
congressional leaders. Then, at 6:25 p.m., dressed casually in a nylon
jogging jacket, Bush went to the White House theater and practiced the
speech.
Imperial Communism
Anthony Bouscaren
ISBN 0-8371-8009-0
At 7 p.m., Bush met with his war cabinet -- principals without any aides.
Rice and Treasury Secretary Paul H. O'Neill reported on efforts to block
the terrorists' funding sources. Rumsfeld mentioned the speech and said
it shouldn't single out bin Laden.
Naming the terrorist leader, Rumsfeld argued, risked elevating bin Laden
and narrowing the base of support for the anti-terrorist campaign.
Rumsfeld said it was important to stress the global nature of the threat
and the response. Rice responded by saying the decision had been made
to mention bin Laden once in the speech.
There was one other issue to resolve. More than any other language in
the speech, Bush's advisers had debated the section warning states that
supported terrorism. On the night of the attacks, the president had
expressed what became known as the Bush Doctrine: "We will make no
distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those
who harbor them."
In working over the new text, the president's advisers searched for
some language that would clarify the doctrine. They were launching a
global war on terrorism, but the initial military campaign would focus on
al Qaeda in Afghanistan. What other states might they be targeting?
What were the new rules against which to measure the behavior of other
countries with a history of sponsoring terrorism?
Rice and Powell believed the language as written was too strident. They
wanted to give countries the opportunity to break with the past. Issuing
a blanket threat to all states that supported terrorism would give no
consideration to countries that changed their behavior.
As the president's advisers debated the issue, they decided they should
make a distinction between past and future behavior. By adding the
words "continue to" to the sentence, they held out a carrot to other
countries. Without the change, Powell thought, the United States would
be declaring war on everybody.
Thursday, September 20 Setting the Tone For Future Presidents
The day of Bush's speech began with a new warning from Tenet. "We
have threats of an imminent terrorist attack," he announced at a
meeting of the National Security Council that morning. Intelligence
showed that very senior members of al Qaeda, including key bin Laden
lieutenants, were indicating there would be a big attack in the next
couple of days. Tenet also updated the president on the movement of
the first team of Americans going into Afghanistan: They will be in
Uzbekistan by Friday, Tenet said, and in northern Afghanistan by
Sunday. The campaign has begun, Powell said.
Cheney reiterated his basic message, that the goal should not simply be
to combat terrorists but states supporting terrorism. The president
replied that his speech would emphasize the war would be waged
against more than just al Qaeda. Al Qaeda is the start, he said, and he
would make demands of the Taliban, but the war will be broader.
Rumsfeld offered another note of caution. We should not say we will
defeat terrorism per se, he said, but terrorism as a threat to our way of
life. Rumsfeld worried about sounding overly ambitious, noting that
there is no way to stop every small act of terrorism.
But Bush insisted he would not soft-pedal America's determination to
win the war. We will defeat our enemies, we will set a tone for future
presidents, he told his advisers. He added that his speech must reassure
the American people while acknowledging that the country is not
immune and could be attacked at any time.
"We would risk chaos and lack of clarity in our mission if we broaden at
this stage," he said.
Bush held two more practice sessions at 11:10 a.m. and 4:15 p.m. It
was at these sessions that the speechwriters learned the identity of
Bush's new director of homeland security: Pennsylvania Gov. Tom
Ridge, whose appointment the president was going to announce that
night.
Cheney, who had been working on the issue of homeland defense for
several months, had pushed Bush to announce the creation of the office
in his speech. When Bush recruited Ridge, one of his closest friends
among the Republican governors, the last piece of the speech fell into
place.
During the afternoon, Hughes decided that Rumsfeld's concerns about
mentioning bin Laden by name in the speech were worth raising one last
time with the president. Bush asked her to call Cheney to see what he
thought about it. Shortly after she had placed the call to the vice
president's office, Bush called her back. Don't bother Cheney with the
question, he said. He had thought about it again and decided it was
essential to name bin Laden.
Cheney then called her back. She explained the issue and said the
president had subsequently decided it was the right decision to target
bin Laden by name. Cheney said he agreed.
When Bush finished rehearsing that afternoon, he was told that British
Prime Minister Tony Blair and his entourage, who were due for a
meeting and dinner at the White House later, were running late. Did he
want to practice the speech one more time? his aides asked. Bush said
no, he was ready. Instead he took a short nap.
Blair had attended a midday New York City memorial service for British
casualties in the attacks on the World Trade Center. From there, he was
coming to Washington for a meeting and dinner with the president and
then to watch the speech at the Capitol. Traffic gridlock and heightened
security in New York put Blair badly behind schedule.
Blair welcomed the invitation to attend the speech, despite concerns at
home about what one official called "the poodle factor" -- the fear that
the prime minister might appear to have become an appendage of the
U.S. president. Blair saw it as another chance to express his solidarity
with Bush and, more important, to hear first-hand how U.S. planning
had evolved.
When the British delegation arrived, Bush grabbed Blair and the two
went off alone to the Blue Room for a 20-minute private conversation.
There Bush laid out his plan, including the use of U.S. force in
Afghanistan. "Full force of the U.S. military," the president recalled
telling Blair, and "bombers coming from all directions."
The U.S. and British delegations then moved to the Old Family Dining
Room in the White House residence. Bush was joined by Powell and
Rice. Blair's group included his chief of staff, Jonathan Powell; chief
spokesman Alastair Campbell; national security adviser David Manning;
and Christopher Meyer, the ambassador to the United States.
Bush said it was clear from his private meeting with Blair that the two
nations were on the same wavelength.
He told the group that after a vigorous debate within the administration,
he had decided not to include Iraq in the first phase of the conflict. He
said he did not want energy and attention needed for the campaign
against al Qaeda and the Taliban to be diverted.
Bush and Blair compared notes on their discussions with other world
leaders. Blair mentioned that on the flight from Paris to New York he had
spoken to Iranian President Mohammad Khatami.
"You spoke to Khatami?" Bush asked. Yes, Blair said, and British Foreign
Secretary Jack Straw was planning a trip to Iran the next week.
Bush said Straw should deliver a very strong message to the Iranians.
Tell them that if they want proper relations with the West they have to
give up their links to terrorism.
Bush seemed unhurried, despite the moment awaiting him on Capitol
Hill. Campbell, who had been through Blair's biggest speeches, marveled
that Bush appeared SO relaxed. At one point, Blair suggested the
president might want to take time for preparations. No, Bush said, I'm
ready.
"I think it surprised him a little bit," Bush said later. II You know,
you've got to remember, every speech is now 'the speech of my life.
I've had about six of those from some of my trusted advisers. So I'm
immune to the 'speech of your life' speech."
Bush and Blair spoke briefly to reporters, then went to the residence
while Bush freshened up for the speech. The two men rode to the
Capitol together and Blair joined first lady Laura Bush in the balcony.
Few presidential speeches in recent history had been more anticipated.
More than 80 million Americans watched the speech on television. An
exhibitionprofessional hockey game in Philadelphia was stopped when
fans demanded to see Bush on the video screens overhead.
"Tonight we are a country awakened to danger and called to defend
freedom," Bush said as fighter jets circled over the Capitol. "Our grief
has turned to anger and anger to resolution. Whether we bring our
enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done."
Bush then asked and answered the questions he had dictated to Hughes
during their meeting the previous Sunday: Who attacked America? Why
do they hate us? How will we fight and win this war? He described in
general terms the steps he had ordered his national security advisers to
take in their meeting Monday.
"We will direct every resource at our command," he said, "every means
of diplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law
enforcement, every financial influence, and every necessary weapon of
war, to the disruption and to the defeat of the global terror network."
He then described the unusual nature of the campaign to demonstrate
that U.S. policy had undergone important changes. "Our response
involves far more than instant retaliation and isolated strikes," he said.
"Americans should not expect one battle but a lengthy campaign, unlike
any other we have ever seen. It may include dramatic strikes visible on
TV, and covert operations, secret even in success."
He urged Americans "to live your lives and hug your children" and asked
for "your patience" for the long struggle ahead. He held up the police
shield of George Howard, the Port Authority policeman who died at the
World Trade Center, which was given to him the previous Friday in New
York by Howard's mother.
Then Bush made the pledge he had worked so long with his
speechwriters to perfect.
"I will not forget this wound to our country and those who inflicted it,"
he said. "I will not yield; I will not rest; I will not relent in waging this
struggle for freedom and security for the American people."
The applause was thunderous. "I don't know how these things go," the
president said in the Dec. 20 interview. "You know, I'm in the middle of
the whirlwind, as they say, in speeches." Afterward, he talked to
advisers and family for a sense of how he had done.
"When I really realized the extent to which America wanted to be led
was when they stopped the hockey game in Philadelphia," Bush recalled,
voicing surprise at his own role. "It was unbelievable. And they wanted,
they didn't want the game to go on. They wanted to hear what the
commander in chief, the president of the United States, had to say
during this moment."
Bush called his chief speechwriter, Gerson, who had watched the speech
from home. Both Bush and Gerson remember the president's words: "I
have never felt more comfortable in my life."
Staff researcher Jeff Himmelman contributed to this report
Image Gallery
In the Oval Office, Bush went over the
President Bush charted the course for the
speech with his speechwriters and counselor
nation's war on terrorism in an address to a
Karen P. Hughes. She felt an early draft did
joint session of Congress on Sept. 20. (AFP
not evoke the threat of terrorism. (By Tina
Photo)
Hager - The White House)
In the Blue Room a few hours before his
Powell and Rice felt Bush's speech should
speech, Bush told Blair of his plans for the
allow states to change behavior on terrorism.
Taliban: "Full force of the U.S. military,"
(By Tina Hager - The White House)
and "bombers coming from all directions."
(By Eric Draper - The White House)
For more information on the Washington Post
Series: 10 Days in September please visit the
following website:
10 Days in September
West Point
wysiwyg://37/http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/crawes.hml
University Press of Kansas
West Point
birent.
A Bicentennial History
]
history
Theodore J. Crackel
April 2002
368 pages, 36 photographs, 6 x 9
Modern War Studies
Cloth ISBN 0-7006-1160-6, $34.95
Grant. Pershing. Eisenhower.
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how the academy developed to meet the needs of American expansion
by integrating civil engineering into its early curriculum, then tells how
cadets experienced growing sectional tensions as the nation headed
toward civil war. Along the way, he explains how the familiar physical
presence of West Point evolved, offering new insights on decisions to
adopt its classic Tudor-gothic architecture.
In its chronological account of West Point's history, the book traces a
number of themes: cadet and faculty life, institutional governance,
curriculum development, physical expansion, growing diversity among
the cadet corps, and the tensions between the school's superintendents
and its academic board, who often had competing visions for the
academy and its future. In following the lives of cadets and officers,
Crackel also offers a fresh look at the treatment of black cadets in the
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West Point
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nineteenth century and a new analysis of their experience in the
twentieth, as well as a look at the place of women in the corps since the
graduation of the first female in 1980.
To understand West Point is to better understand the country its
graduates are sworn to protect and defend. This bicentennial history
honors that institution as no other book does and shows how it has
endowed the select of America's youth with dedication to its motto:
duty, honor, country.
"West Point is fortunate to have a historian of Ted
Crackel's intellect and talent. His fine history will long be
recognized as the standard work on the subject. Robert
A. Doughty, coauthor of Warfare in the Western World
and chair of the U.S. Military Academy history department
"A skillful blend of institutional and social history,
Crackel's is the best of the many books about West
Point."--Edward M. Coffman, author of The War to End
All Wars
"Crackel tells the compelling stories of an institution that
has grown up with America. Ed Ruggero, author of
Duty First: West Point and the Making of American
Leaders
THEODORE J. CRACKEL is the Visiting Professor of History at
West Point during its bicentennial year (2001-2002) and is Director and
Editor of Papers of the War Department, 1784-1800, at East
Stroudsburg University in Pennsylvania. He is also the author of Mr.
Jefferson's Army: Political and Social Reform of the Military
Establishment, 1801-1809.
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5/24/02 10:32 AM
Senator John McCain - Press Releases
Page 1 of 8
US.SENATOR ARIZONA
JOHN McCAIN
http://mccain.senate.gov
PRESS RELEASE
Remarks by Senator John McCain
Intrepid Freedom Award
December 7, 1999
Thank you for that kind introduction. I am honored to accept the Intrepid Freedom
Award. You have included me in the ranks of people whom I have always and will
always consider my superiors. I am humbled by the honor, but determined to remain
worthy of the high standards it represents in whatever service I am privileged to give
America.
We are all especially grateful today for the opportunity to honor the memory of
Zachary Fisher, a remarkable American, who devoted his life in service to the welfare of
those who have bravely answered the call of our country. And special thanks to Tony
Fisher for carrying on the work of the foundation with such heart and dedication.
The attendance here tonight of the Joint Chiefs is perhaps the most eloquent tribute
to Zack and his dear wife, Elizabeth, and the goodness and generosity of their family.
God Bless you.
I would also like to welcome my good friend Mayor Giuliani and all of the
distinguished guests gathered here today. Thank you for your devotion to our armed
forces.
This is a special place for me to talk about the future of our military. I remember
well my days serving on the USS Intrepid in the early 1960s. I loved flying off carriers,
but there were occasional setbacks -- like the time I knocked down power lines while
flying a bit too low over southern Spain, cutting off the electricity to a great many
Spanish homes and creating a minor international incident. Not the Navy's greatest
moment, nor mine for that matter.
But to all of us here the Intrepid is much more than a personal remembrance. It is a
symbol of the service and sacrifice of so many Americans, and a reminder of the
awesome responsibility we have as stewards of the greatest military in the world. The
tradition of valor that she symbolizes is, and always will be, a compass--as known and
welcoming to me as was this great ship itself, when long ago she was the home I
searched for through the dark night skies above the Atlantic Ocean.
My friends, some nations might share our love of personal liberty and others might
share our dedication to the ordered progress of democracy. But, America remains the
world's lone superpower with profound responsibilities that attend that most fortunate
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and hard-earned distinction.
The world is still home to many tyrants, dictators, haters and aggressors who are
hostile to the interests of the United States and the rights of Man. Now more than ever,
on the eve of a new millenium, the future of our country and the world depends upon the
strength and will of America.
Let it not be construed as the ramblings of a partisan, but as a conviction
influenced by patriotism, when I express my grave concern about the state of America's
defenses. America has the strongest, best trained, best-led military force in the world.
But those who have pledged their lives to our defense look to their civilian leaders for
the guidance and the means to meet the security challenges of a new era. And we have
failed them.
Our Military Today
Our military today is struggling in virtually every category that measures
preparedness. There are 12,000 enlisted personnel - proud, young men and women -
whose low pay has left them with no choice but to accept food stamps to feed their
families. Others have taken second jobs to make ends meet. Substandard housing for
military personnel is now commonplace.
Reductions in the number of military personnel, and the demands of excessive
deployments are overburdening our servicemen and women to the breaking point. Time
away from home and loved ones has increased while military pay relative to private
sector compensation has decreased. And quality health care for veterans and for active
military personnel has become just another broken promise.
More and more, we are asking our men and women in uniform to surpass our
highest expectations of their service while we forget our solemn promises to them, one
after another. That is a stain upon the nation's honor that should shame us all.
My friends, less than a month ago, the Pentagon revealed that not a single Army
division was rated fully mission-ready, and that two of its 10 divisions were rated
unprepared for war.
During the campaign in and around Kosovo last spring, the Army was unable to
deploy its premier Apache helicopter forces in time to play a vital role in that conflict.
The Air Force's inventory of air-launched cruise missiles fell to 70 from the 1,000-level
the Pentagon says it needs to handle two major theater wars.
The Marine Corps saves money on spare parts by refitting light trucks and
Humvees, in order to afford small arms ammunition for forward-deployed Marines. The
Navy is struggling to maintain a fleet of 300 ships, down from over 500 in the early
1990's. But, the fiscal year 2000 budget will not support even 200 ships.
Today's ill-considered reduction in the carrier fleet could have resulted in a
calamity in the Pacific earlier this year. While one carrier battle group brought its power
to bear in Kosovo, and another patrolled the Persian Gulf, there were no carrier battle
groups in East Asia's waters where events in the Straits of Taiwan and on the Korean
Peninsula could have become world-threatening crises.
The fault lies not with those who serve, nor with their uniformed leadership. It
rests with political leaders, on both sides of the aisle and at both ends of Pennsylvania
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Avenue, who ask the military to do too much with too little, and who misdirect scarce
defense dollars to their political priorities, rather than to vital defense needs.
The Next President's Challenges
I have spoken before about the unique "unipolar moment" in world affairs for the
United States, and the necessity to extend this period of American preeminence for as
long as we possibly can. In a remarkably changed world, and on the eve of the next
American century, our core strategic interests, like our founding ideals, remain constant:
protecting our homeland and hemisphere from external threats; preventing the
domination of Europe by a single power; strengthening our alliances; securing access to
energy resources; and sustaining stability in the Pacific Rim.
Four evolving threats
With the end of the Cold War the threats to our strategic interests have evolved or,
at least, their ranking as priority threats has been reordered.
In addition to the potential threats posed by continued political and economic
chaos in Russia, and China's growing economic and military strength, there are other
immediate threats to our national security that the next administration must face.
Recently, I described these four threats in detail.
First, violent expressions of nationalist and ethnic rivalries;
Second, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to rogue states and
potential adversaries;
Third, information warfare such as an attack on our private sector's computer grids
that cause critical failures in vital services that we take for granted. If we do not more
effectively guard our communications, including the Internet--our powerful economic
engine-utilities, transportation, financial systems, and other essential services, tiny fiber
optic threads might carry viruses as incapacitating as an armed attack.
Fourth-and directly connected to cyber-warfare and proliferation- terrorism.
There is a common identity to many of these threats. It should surprise no one that
the most viciously anti-democratic regimes - the rogue states - are the chief
proliferators; the major exporters of terrorism; the main instigators of regional and ethnic
conflicts. From the Persian Gulf to the Korean Peninsula to the Balkans, rogue states are
the main threat to peace and freedom, and they require a strong, comprehensive policy
response - a policy of "rogue state rollback."
We must use both public and private diplomacy, targeted economic measures, and
military assistance to aid forces seeking freedom from rogue regimes.
But we must be prepared to back up these measures with American military force
when the continued existence of such rogue states threatens America's interests and
values. And, most importantly, state sponsors of terrorism must know not the specifics of
our response, but the certainty that it will be swift and sure.
Ballistic Missile Defense
I have opposed Cold War weapons systems that have no necessary use. And I will
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oppose a Cold War arms control treaty that constrains a necessary defense against today's
clear and present danger.
It's time we tell our friends and adversaries alike, that ballistic missile defense is
now a national priority, not just another Pentagon program.
In a world that is becoming more unpredictable and dangerous, the indispensable
defense against rogue states and terrorists, and even against larger powers who might
become reckless in their ambitions is ballistic missile defense.
The North Koreans, last year, tested a multi-stage ballistic missile capable of
delivering nuclear weapons against US forces and our allies throughout East Asia. They
are working on a longer-range missile that could threaten the continental United States.
Iran and Iraq are developing their own ballistic missiles, with Iran getting
technical help from Russia. Thus, by the end of the coming decade, the United States
could face a fundamentally new strategic situation: a rogue state, such as Iraq or North
Korea, with the ability, in time of crisis, to use nuclear blackmail against an American
president.
We must move ahead with the several promising options for theater missile
defense now under development, including the improved Patriot on land and the Navy
Area Defense System at sea; and to develop programs that will provide for broader
regional coverage, such as the Navy's proposed Theater Wide system. We need an ability
to project a missile defense shield to the world's most dangerous hot spots whether they
be in the Taiwan straits; or off the Korean peninsula; or elsewhere like the Middle East
where the security of friends and regional stability could be threatened.
Most importantly, of course, we must defend the United States itself from ballistic
missile attack. The current administration has put together a plan for a small-scale
national missile defense system and has said that a deployment decision will be made by
this summer. But I worry that the administration might find an excuse to delay
deployment. Moreover, we must make sure that a missile defense is flexible so that the
existing proposal for relying on ground-based interceptors can be upgraded over time
with new technologies, such as space-based and boost-phase defenses, as necessary.
An effective deployment of national missile defenses would constitute a violation
of the 1972 ABM Treaty. Seizing on this, Russia and others, most notably China, have
started to complain about the deployment of American missile defense.
We should sit down with Russia and see whether the ABM Treaty can be altered
to permit both of our countries to respond to ballistic missile threats. But I want to be
candid with you-if these talks fail, I will do what is right for the security of millions of
Americans and for global strategic stability. I will withdraw from a treaty that has
become a relic of the Cold War if it cannot be made relevant to our current security
needs. Our Cold War pledge to remain defenseless against missile attack is the single
greatest incentive for rogue state proliferation. In effect, we are threatening ourselves.
One Goal
Today, my friends, we must face a harsh and compelling reality: in strategy,
personnel and procurement-the total package that defines America's ability to defend
itself --the United States does not have the modern force and defense posture we must
have to meet the threats to America's interests and values in the 21st Century.
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It is time to end the disingenuous practice of stating that we have a two-war
strategy when we are paying for only a one-war military. Either we must change our
strategy-and accept the risks-or we must sufficiently fund and structure our military.
I believe the American public wants the simple truth-tell us the strategy to ensure
our security, tell us what it will cost and how you'll pay for it.
Restoring Credibility
First, we must restore our national credibility abroad. Credibility is a strategic
asset. The world's only superpower must never give its word insincerely. We should
never make idle threats. When we do it ensures that the price we ultimately pay in blood
and treasure to defend our security is greater than if we had kept our word from the
beginning.
Restoring the Bonds of Trust
Second, we must also restore our credibility and bonds of trust with those who we
ask to take up arms in our nation's defense.
The deployment of troops must never become a substitute for a coherent foreign
policy, and the use of force should always be our last resort, not our first.
We must never ask our troops to risk their lives for purposes not directly related to
our vital national interests and values. We must not send them on missions for which we
have no measure of success nor into conflicts we are not prepared to win.
Defense budgets must respect those who serve and their families, and fulfill our
national duty to assure they are properly trained, equipped and compensated for the
sacrifices we ask of them.
The defense budget passed by Congress this year, like every other in recent
memory, was a disgrace, crammed with over $6 billion of wasteful spending unrequested
by the military.
Every dollar misspent on unneeded Seawolf submarines and B-2 bombers is one
less dollar needed to make certain that no military family need ever resort to foodstamps
again.
Every dollar wasted on unrequested military construction is one less dollar for the
training necessary to prepare the military to defend America and our allies.
And every dollar stolen to keep open unnecessary defense installations to spare
politicians an issue that might cloud their next election is one less dollar for the modern
equipment needed to win wars and save lives.
That's wrong. That's wrong. Heroes deserve better service from us than that.
Modernizing weapons systems is vitally important, but personnel issues must
come first. It is the training, the preparedness and morale of American's in uniform that
is the stout heart of our national defense.
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Senator John McCain - Press Releases
Page 6 of 8
If I am the next President, I will end the days of a foodstamp Army once and for
all.
We must eliminate the gap between military pay and comparable civilian pay by
raising military wages an additional 3% each year for three years, and by eliminating
federal income taxes for military personnel who are deployed overseas. Because their
pledge to risk their lives to defend the rest of us far exceeds the burdens imposed on the
most heavily taxed civilians.
It is time not only that we meet our obligations to those who wear the uniform, but
to their family members as well -- each of whom makes an enormous sacrifice for
freedom. The well-being of military families is not only our moral duty, it is a vital
element of military readiness. If family needs are not well cared for on the home front,
our troops will not be well prepared on battlefield.
new
Restructuring our forces
thinking
The third challenge we face is to structure and deploy our forces to effectively
respond
to
respond to the threats of the 21st century. New threats require innovative and forward
thinking approaches to utilizing lighter, more flexible, and rapidly deployable forces. We
need to support and accelerate technological improvements that help make our forces
smaller, more automated, and easier to deploy. Terrorism, proliferation in rogue states
and ethnic conflict often call more for highly capable special forces than for a
conventional military geared toward war on the plains of central Europe.
As has been all too common in the past, our military planning focuses on
maintaining the force structure that proved effective in winning the last war, while too
little attention has been given to the changing and uncertain nature of future conflicts.
We cannot afford to allow embedded biases in the Pentagon or political influences
to resist innovative and forward-thinking approaches to force planning. We should
honestly reassess the roles and missions of each of the military services, including the
Guard and Reserve components. And we should eliminate forces and weapons systems
that have no place in the modern, post-Cold War world.
We should reevaluate the readiness requirements of our military forces based on
two conditions: the likelihood that forces will be called upon to respond to a military
crisis, and the timeframe in which those forces would be deployed. Forces could then be
categorized in readiness tiers premised on the degree of day-to-day readiness at which
they should be maintained.
Forward-deployed and crisis response forces would be maintained at the highest
level of readiness. Follow-on forces necessary to mount a large-scale offensive in a
theater of operations to halt an escalating crisis would be maintained at the second
highest level of readiness. Conflict resolution forces that deploy late in the conflict to
ensure that we have the force superiority to prevail would be maintained at the lowest
level of readiness. Finally, we must be prepared to eliminate units for which there is
either no identified requirement under our national military strategy, or which cannot be
deployed to a theater of operations until the crisis has passed.
It is important to differentiate this proposed tiering of readiness requirements from
the current fluctuations in unit readiness caused by training or operational deployments.
This is an ordered and logical proposal. It is not intended to compensate for insufficient
funding for training and operations.
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Senator John McCain - Press Releases
Page 7 of 8
Reevaluating readiness will prove an utter waste of time if it is intended only to
hide a lack of political will to provide a superpower defense for a superpower's
commitments. We should never ask how much defense we can afford, my friends. We
must honestly answer how much defense we need and have the courage to find the
money to pay for it.
Modernizing our Forces
For too long, we have neglected modernization - failing to deploy the weapons
and systems needed to maintain our technological superiority and a decisive edge on the
battlefield.
Where have we gone wrong? Today, the Air Force is operating bombers that are
older than the pilots that fly them. We have Marines flying 30-year old assault
helicopters. Many of the Army's howitzers are 35 years old, and the Navy's amphibious
assault command ships average more than 30 years of age. The older this equipment
gets, the more expensive it is to maintain, the harder it is to keep operating.
For the past 10 years we have been living "off the shelf"-using up the assets
procured by previous administrations. We must begin immediately to buy the equipment
on which our future security depends.
Funding Defense
Fully funding our defense requires that we aggressively eliminate wasteful defense
spending. I have identified nearly 20 billion dollars that could be saved by taking such
steps as eliminating excess infrastructure, privatizing support and maintenance functions,
lifting unnecessary "Buy America" restrictions, and forcefully and publicly opposing
Congress' pork barrel raid on the defense budget.
Given our global commitments and strategy, we need to increase defense
spending. Today we spend barely 3% of our gross domestic product on defense. My
friends, the last time we spent so little on defense was 1940-the year before Pearl
Harbor. But we won't really know how much we need to spend until we rid defense
budgets of wasteful spending that contributes much to political cynicism, but nothing to
the nation's defense.
Our defense budget must be driven by our security needs, not vice versa. We must
spend whatever it takes -not one penny more nor one penny less. For too long we have
asked our armed services to do much more with much less. It's time to give them
enough.
The Lesson of Pearl Harbor
I have not observed until now that this date, December 7, commemorates the
infamous event, Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, that taught America - we hope for the
last time - the perils of military unpreparedness. But as the distance between that world-
changing calamity and our current security grows, more and more Americans derive their
sense of security from a poor understanding of history and of the clear and present
dangers of modern threats.
Far better for Americans to feel secure in the care of the wonderful young men and
women who have made our security their life's work and not take comfort from our
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ignorance.
But, as I hope I have helped explain, neither we nor our brave armed forces are
well served by pretending that without immediate and comprehensive attention to the
weaknesses in America's defenses that even the most courageous, the most skilled
military in the world can keep us perfectly safe, much less pre-eminent in world affairs.
So, let me close by recalling again that sad day when courage and sacrifice alone
defended against an attack we were unprepared to face. That we were defeated by our
enemy for a moment surely does not diminish the nobility of the sacrifices made by
Americans that day for the sake of duty, honor and country. Neither does forgetting
them--nor forgetting the reasons for which they sacrificed--obscure the lantern of
courage and faith they shone. But it does risk, sadly, dimming the illumination of
America's honor today. And I pledge myself to join all of you in fighting against the
false complacency that is our greatest threat. Let us always start our defense by
remembering the lessons taught to us by those who proved in the ultimate selfless act to
have valued the life of their country, the lives of their children - our lives - - more than
their own.
I have heard that hot oil still boils in the hold of the U.S.S. Arizona. If so, it is a
living testament to the destruction of December 7, 1941. But it is an eternal warning that
freedom is never purchased on the cheap and those of us who are honored to help lead
this great and bravely defended nation must see clearly our most important duty: to
provide for the common defense with all the necessary resources at our disposal, so that
others-the best men and women in America--will not be forced to provide for it with
their lives.
###
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Leslie Groves was born on August 17, 1896 in
Albany, New York. He attended the University of
Manhattan Project
Washington for one year and the Massachusetts
Institutes of Technology for two years before
Splitting the Atom: The
entering West Point Military Academy. In the years
1940s
IN THIS FILE:
following his graduation from West Point in 1918,
Groves attended an engineer's school and served
Summary of Target
PIONEERS
in the military.
Committee Meetings on
10 and 11 May 1945
Manhatran
BOMB
In 1934, Groves was promoted to Captain in the
Army. He graduated from the Command and
Notes of an Informal
BUILDERS
Project
General Staff School in 1936 and from the Army
Meeting of the Interim
STRATEGISTS
War College in 1939. Groves was promoted again
Committee, Monday, 14
to Major and Temporary Colonel in 1940. In the
May 1945
same year, he oversaw construction of the
ARMS
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Notes of the Interim
CONTROLLERS
Committee Meeting,
Groves was a key figure and leader in building the
Thursday, 31 May 1945
NUCLEAR
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ABOLITIONISTS
it would be used. In 1942, Groves became the
Notes of the Interim
director of the Manhattan Project. He appointed J.
Committee Meeting,
Robert Oppenheimer to be the director of the Los
Friday, 1 June 1945
click to visit the
Alamos National Laboratory. He also appointed the
Hiroshima
committee to recommend targets for the use of the
Notes of the Interim
bomb. Groves wrote the order given to General
Committee Meeting,
Nagasaki
Carl Spaatz, who was in charge of Air Force
Thursday, 21 June 1945
Peace Exhibit
operations in the Pacific, to "deliver its first special
bomb as soon as weather will permit visual
War Department
bombing after about 3 August 1945."
Washington, D.C.
Statement of the
In crediting President Truman with the decision to
Secretary of War
use the atom bomb, Groves added, "As far as I
was concerned, his decision was one of
Report Prepared by
noninterference - basically, a decision not to upset
Eben Ayers, White
the existing plans." In 1944, Groves was promoted
House Assistant
to Major General. He continued to play a leading
role in the atomic establishment until 1947 as Chief
Only A Question of
of Army's Special Weapons Project. Groves was
Time: Science, Ethics,
named Lieutenant General in 1948 and retired
anf Weapons of Mass
soon after. He died of heart disease on July 13,
Destruction
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5/29/02 12:12 PM
USMA Bicentennial
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Engineering Bridge
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Military Tattoo (Wednesday, 8 May 2002) in Washington DC- The Tattoo is a ceremony conducted
by The Old Guard and The US Army Band, combining a traditional evening military Tattoo ceremony
with a historical presentation. It will be conducted on the Elipse next to the White House in honor of
the USMA Bicentennial.
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5/24/02 11:36 AM
USMA Bicentennial
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Dedication of the Alumni Gallery at the Jewish Chapel (Thursday, 30 May 2002) Every
graduating Jewish cadet past, present, and future - will be honored through a series of bronze
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Graduation of the Bicentennial Class of 2002 (Saturday, 1 June 2002)
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Smithsonian Exhibition (October 2002) in Washington DC- The exhibit, co-sponsored by the
Association of Graduates the U.S. Army Center of Military History and the
Smithsonian Institution
will tell the story of West Point graduates in the development of the
United States through the themes of engineering, exploration, and war.
Patriots' Weekend (4-6 October 2002) The West Point Museum is sponsoring the Brigade of the
American Revolution's 40th anniversary Grand Encampment to coincide with the USMA
Bicentennial and the 225th anniversary of the Battle of Ft. Montgomery and British invasion of the
Hudson Highlands. The weekend will include scheduled talks and demonstrations of various 18th
Century subjects such as military tactics, rifles and muskets, artillery, uniforms and the general
experiences of the various soldiers and their families in the war stricken colonies and Hudson Valley in
particular. A parade by the reenactors and a dedication ceremony commemorating the 225th
anniversary of the Hudson Valley Revolutionary War events is anticipated. These activities will be in
conjunction with the Town of Highland Falls and the soon to open Ft. Montgomery Battle Site. Camps
will be open to the public to tour and visitors may meet and speak with the reenactors.
Bicentennial
Past Events
EVENT RECAP
AUGUST 2001
Bicentennial Seal, Class of 2002 Acceptance- Prior to the bicentennial year, activities
were planned around the acceptance day events for the Class of 2002. Alumni from
each "living class" were invited to represent the "Long Gray Line" at the acceptance
parade for the Class of 2002, on 15 August 1998. Coincident with this parade was a
ceremony dedicating the Bicentennial Seal. The seal is sculpted, in a limestone shield, in
Bicentennial Seal,
the courtyard of Taylor Hall.
Taylor Hall Courtyard
Bicentennial Quilt Presentation (17 August 2001) The West Point Quilters,
and nearly 40 outside quilters, combined efforts to create the "Long Gray Line
Recap
Bicentennial Quilt." The quilt was presented to the Academy and is on
permanent display at Eisenhower Hall.
Recap
H
Acceptance Day parade for the Class of 2005 (18 August 2001) the kickoff event for
the Bicentennial celebration.
Ring Weekend for the Class of 2002 (24 August 2001) The Class of 2002 received
their class rings during a special presentation by astronaut COL(R) Bill McArthur ('73)(
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5/24/02 11:36 AM
USMA Bicentennial
http://www.westpoint.edu/Bicentennial/events.asp
Recap
Read his biography on NASA's website ). The ring presentation also marked the
inauguration of the Class Ring Memorial Program
where the gold from former
grads' rings is incorporated into those of future grads.
OCTOBER 2001
West Point Museum Exhibit opening (1 October 2001) Read the online brochure.
Online Brochure
For general information, see the Museum's web page
Hispanic Heritage Dinner (15 October 2001) As part of the Bicentennial celebration,
West Point paid tribute to Hispanic Graduates and their contributions at a dinner in the
Recap
Cadet Mess Regimental Room. Guest speaker was Dr. Samuel Saldivar, Director of
Instruction in the Department of Foreign Languages and the most senior faculty member
at West Point.
Celebrating West Point in Film (16 October 2001 through 30 April 2002)
Several Hollywood classics featuring West Point will be shown on select
Eisenhower Hall's film schedule
Tuesday nights at Eisenhower Hall Theater during this time.
NOVEMBER 2001
Thomas Jefferson's Military Academy (1-3 November 2001) conference
Recap
hosted by the Department of History. See the conference information page
Veterans Day Concert (11 November 2001) The U.S. Army Band played
specially composed bicentennial compositions during the National Observance
of Veteran's Day Concert in Washington D.C. The Cadet Glee Club also
performed. Also see the US Army Band website
Concert Video
and Recap
,
(11 November 2001) West Point Bicentennial Engineering Design
Contest
Contest began- This program and contest highlight West Point's
home page
engineering heritage to the youth of America. The interactive bridge design
computer program can be downloaded.
Photos
Rockefeller Center Star-Raising Ceremony- (15 November 2001) The West Point
Glee Club sang holiday music during the star-raising ceremony at Rockefeller Center.
A Bicentennial Year photo exhibit (19 November 2001 - January 2002), entitled "The
West Point We Know,' by USMA personnel, will be on display on the sixth level of
Eisenhower Hall (second balcony level). This has been moved back from an earlier date.
DECEMBER 2001
Army-Navy football game- (1 December 2001) In the 102nd contest between the two
service academies, Army beat Navy 26-17 at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
Recap
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http://www.westpoint.edu/Bicentennial/events.asp
JANUARY 2002
Tournament of Roses Parade- (Tuesday, 1 January 2002) A contingent of cadets
#
marched in the 2002 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California. Included
Recap
were the Color Guard, Pipes and Drums and 150 cadet volunteers. The cadets also
carried a 30' X 50' flag at the beginning of the parade.
Glee Club sings "We Were Soldiers"- (9 January 2002, Wednesday) 50 members of
the Cadet Glee Club performed the vocals for an original piece for the feature film, "We
Photo Recaps
Were Soldiers." The song can be heard during the closing credits of the movie, which
Glee Club and
stars Mel Gibson and was directed by "Braveheart" veteran Randall Wallace. Wallace,
Movie Screening
who penned the lyrics to writer Nick Glennie-Smith's piece were also at the taping. In
February, a Special Screening of "We Were Soldiers" was held at Eisenhower Hall
and attended by the movies' stars and their real-life counterparts.
Streaming Video
Hellcats on NBC-TV's "Today Show"- (Monday, 14 January
Windows Media: Lo Hi
2002) USMA's field band, the Hellcats, provided music during
segments of this day's broadcast of the "Today Show".
Non-Streaming
(right-click, save as...) )
Quicktime: Lo I Hi
USMA Band Bicentennial Concert Series- (Friday, 18 January 2002 at 8pm)
A series of concerts at Eisenhower Hall featuring the USMA Band and specially
Recap
composed Bicentennial music. This show featured the Concert Band and guest
vocalist Jo Anne Worley.
FEBRUARY 2002
USMA Band Bicentennial Concert Series- (Friday, 15 February 2002 at
Info
8:00pm) A series of concerts at Eisenhower Hall featuring the USMA Band and
specially composed Bicentennial music. This show features the Concert Band
and Cadet Glee Club.
African-American/Black History Month: Henry O. Flipper Dinner-
(Thursday, 21 February 2002) "West Point's Bicentennial: Henry O.
Flipper-the Past, Diversity-the Future." West Point will pay tribute to LT Henry
Recap
O. Flipper as the first African-American graduate, a trailblazer, and an
inspiration to the Military Academy, the Army, and America. The Corps will
take this opportunity to recognize the contributions of selected graduates
while celebrating the diversity that began with LT Flipper more than 125 years ago.
MARCH 2002
"Women's History Month" (March 2002) observed annually by the Academy to
acknowledge and promote awareness of women's accomplishments and contributions.
Special events typically include dinners, luncheons, guest speakers and occasional
contests. View this year's schedule
"Making History: West Point at 200 Years" (Thursday-Saturday, 7-9 March 2002)
conference hosted by the Department of History (see the conference information page
New York Stock Exchange Closing Bell (Wednesday, 13 Mar 2002) in New York City,
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USMA Bicentennial
http://www.westpoint.edu/Bicentennial/events.asp
Photos
Lieutenant General William J. Lennox, Jr., will ring the closing bell at the New York Stock
Exchange in honor the Academy's bicentennial. Eight cadets interested in economics will
also represent the Academy at the ceremony.
Photos
Bicentennial Ceremonial Coin Strike (Thursday, 14 March 2002)
Bicentennial concert at Carnegie Hall (Friday, 15 Mar 2002) in New York
Photos
City, performed by the USMA Band us, Cadet Glee Club, the USMA Hellcats
and the Herald Trumpets. Traditional West Point music and Bicentennial music
commissions will be featured.
Founders Day celebration (Saturday, 16 March 2002) in the Cadet Mess, which will be
simul-telecast to societies and installations worldwide. See the FAQs page for the list of
Recap
guests invited to the banquet.
ATTENTION West Point Societies! Click here
to ensure you can receive the
webcast of Founder's Day.
West Point Stamp (Saturday, 16 March-2002) unveiling. Follow link for description and -
purchase information.
Overview
Bicentennial Coin (Saturday, 16 March 2002) unveiling. Follow link for description and
purchase information.
Overview
West Point Bicentennial Engineering Design Contest semi-finals (Saturday, 16
Latest results
March 2002) (see the contest home page
)
West Point Day (Wednesday, 20 March 2002) - In Albany, NY - Selected cadets from
New York State will accompany Lieutenant General William J. Lennox, Jr., to the capitol
for an annual ceremony honoring West Point's contributions to the state. Following
resolutions in the state senate and assembly, the governor signs a proclamation
announcing that Thursday, March 20, 2002, is West Point Day throughout the state.
Q
APRIL 2002
"Celebrating 200 Years of Engineering Education," (Friday-Saturday, 5-6 April 2002)
Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education, Zone I, hosted by the
USMA math, science, and engineering departments. (See the conference information
page )
USMA Band Bicentennial Concert Series- (Sunday, 7 April 2002 at 3:00 pm)
A series of concerts at Eisenhower Hall featuring the USMA Band and specially
composed Bicentennial music. This show features the Jazz Knights.
Thayer Award Presentation (18 April 2002, Thursday) The Thayer Award will be
presented.
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USMA Bicentennial
http://www.westpoint.edu/Bicentennial/events.asp.
International Celebration Week (Monday-Saturday, 22 April to 27 April) Celebrates
West Point's past, present, and future relationships with the international community.
Special activities include visits by foreign dignitaries and general officers, international
alumni, and cadets from foreign service academies. We will pay a special tribute to our
Information
former and current exchange and liaison officers, as well as to the 43 international
cadets presently enrolled at the Academy. The International Sandhurst competition
on 27 April will conclude the week's activities. For more information about
International Week contact MAJ Sande Schlesinger, (845) 938-8797 or
[email protected].
USMA Band Bicentennial Concert Series- (Friday, 26 April 2002 at 8:00pm)
A series of concerts at Eisenhower Hall featuring the USMA Band and specially
composed Bicentennial music. This show features the Concert Band and
Federal Republic of Germany Army Band.
West Point Bicentennial Engineering Design Contest finals- (Friday-Sunday, 26-28
April 2002) Finalists compete at West Point (see the contest home page
OFFICIAL USMA BICENTENNIAL WEBSITE
USMA Bicentennial e-mail
Army Home Page I USMA HomePage I Search & Reference I Welcome I About The Academy
Admissions I Cadet Life I Athletics I Academic Program I USMA Library I Military Program I Physical Program I Alumni
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DISCLAIMER: The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the United States Military Academy of these web sites or the information, products or services contained therein.
The United States Military Academy does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this
DoD Web site.
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President Directs Humanitarian Aid for Afghanistan
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011004.html
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West connections Wing
For Immediate Release
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October 4, 2001
America Responds
THE WHITE HOUSE
to Terrorism
President Directs Humanitarian Aid to Afghanistan
WASHINGTON
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U.S. Assistance to the Afghan People
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10:25 A.M. EDT
Radio Address
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THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. Please be seated. Thank
Nation
Radio Addresses
you all. Mr. Secretary, I'm honored you invited me
Discurso Radial
Discurso Radial
(en Español)
back. (Laughter.) I'm glad to be back to be able to say thanks on behalf
del Presidente a
la Nacion
of the American people to the patriots who work for our Department of
Radio Address
News by Date
State. Thanks for your hard work. Thanks for your dedication. Thanks
Archive
May 2002
for your love of America.
Archivos -
April 2002
Discursos Radial
March 2002
del Presidente
February 2002
I'm also here to announce an initiative to help the Afghan people in a
January 2002
time of crisis and in a time of need. America will stand strong and will
News &
December 2001
oppose the sponsors of terror. And America will stand strong and help
Speeches
November 2001
October 2001
those people who are hurt by those regimes.
May 2002
April 2002
September 2001
March 2002
August 2001
Mr. Secretary, I am proud of your leadership. Last time I came, I
February 2002
July 2001
predicted you would be a great Secretary of State. You have not let me
January 2002
June 2001
down. (Applause.) And neither have the folks who work at the State
December 2001
May 2001
November 2001
April 2001
Department; not only here in Washington, but in embassies throughout
October 2001
March 2001
the world. America is proud of your service. And America is comforted by
September 2001
February 2001
the fact that we are united as we stand to fight terror.
August 2001
January 2001
July 2001
June 2001
Appointments
We are engaged in a noble cause. And that is to say loud and clear to
May 2001
Application
the evildoers that we reject you, that we will stand firm against terror,
April 2001
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Application
the evildoers that we reject you, that we will stand firm against terror,
April 2001
and that this great nation, along with many other nations, will defend
March 2001
Photos
freedom.
February 2001
January 2001
I want to thank those of you who have worked extra long hours to
Proclamations
help forge this fantastic coalition that we're building, a coalition of people
National
Hurricane
all around the world who understand that the evil acts could have
Awareness Week,
Photo Essays
happened to them, just like they happened to us.
2002
State of the Union
Proclamation
People understand that now is the time to take a stand, to seize this
Archives
Executive Orders
Federal Facts
moment, to say that out of this evil act will come good. And the State
Federal Statistics
Department has helped lead the way. And I'm proud of your efforts. And
Federal Facts
I'm proud of your hard work.
Federal Statistics
West Wing
History
West Wing
After all, many of you understand the effects of terror. We had two of
History
our embassies bombed. Your colleagues were injured and died. I mean,
the State Department has been on the front line of battling terror and the
front line of seeing the effects of terror. And the American people
appreciate the heroism of the people who serve our country overseas.
This is a unique type of war. It's a war that is going to require us
building a broad coalition of nations who will contribute, one way or the
other, to make sure that we all win. Some nations may be willing to
commit troops, if that's a decision that we make. Other nations will help
in cutting off funding. Truth of the matter is, the first shot we fired in this
war against evildoers was when the Secretary and I and the Secretary of
Treasury said we're going to find their money, and we're going to starve
them of their money.
We're going to find their bank accounts, and we will freeze them.
We're going to talk to banks all around the world, and make it clear that if
they are on our side, if they join the folks who are fighting evil, that
they've got to do everything they can to cut off their funds. When we
starve them of their funds, we starve them of their capacity to move
against freedom.
I'm proud of the coalitions that we've built. I'm proud of the fact that
the Secretary of State and the able team here at the State Department is
a results-oriented group of folks.
We've said, not only join the coalition, we've said here's what we
expect you to do. Here is your assignment. One of the things the
American people appreciate about our administration is that we're
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results-oriented folks, that we expect there to be results. We expect if
you're on our team, that we want your performance. And it's making a
difference.
As I announced the other day, we've collectively rounded up 150
terrorists, people associated with the al Qaeda organization. Thanks to
the Secretary of State's work and others' work and the work of people
around the world, we've convinced those who joined our coalition to rout
out terrorists, to find them, to incarcerate them, to question them, to find
out what's in their mind and what their future activities may be. And
we're making great progress.
This is a strong coalition. It's a strong coalition because we've got
great leadership, but it's a strong coalition because we're right. Because
it's a strong coalition. Because we've made it clear, this is not a war
between Christianity or Judaism and Islam. As a matter of fact, the
teachings of Islam make it clear that peace is important, that compassion
is a part of life. This is a war between good and evil. And we have made
it clear to the world that we will stand strong on the side of good, and we
expect other nations to join us. (Applause.)
This is not a war between our world and their world. It is a war to
save the world. And people now understand that. And I want to thank
you for all your work of making that simple, yet profound, mission clear.
We have no compassion for terrorists in this country. We have no
compassion. Nor will we have any compassion for any state that sponsors
them. Oh yes, we're a compassionate nation, but our compassion is
limited. We have great compassion, however, for the millions around the
world who are victims of hate, of victims of oppressive government,
including the people who live in Afghanistan.
Today I'm announcing, along with the Secretary of State, that America
will contribute an additional $320 million in humanitarian assistance for
Afghans for more food, more medicine, to help the innocent people of
Afghanistan deal with the coming winter. This is our way of saying that
while we firmly and strongly oppose the Taliban regime, we are friends of
the Afghan people.
We will work with the UN agencies such as the World Food Program
and work with private volunteer organizations to make sure this
assistance gets to the people. We will make sure that not only the folks
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in Afghanistan who need help get help, but we will help those who have
fled to neighboring countries to get help as well.
There's no question that we're an angry people about what happened
to our country. But in our anger, we must never forget we're a
compassionate people as well. We will fight evil. But in order to
overcome evil, the great goodness of America must come forth and shine
forth. And one way to do so is to help the poor souls in Afghanistan. And
we're going to do so.
I want to remind the world that helping people in need is a central
part of not only the Christian faith, but of Judaism and the Hindu faith,
and of course a central part of Islamic traditions. And that's why our
coalition is more than just one to rout terrorism out of the world. It's one
to bind together, to knit those traditions in a way that helps people in
need.
You know, I talked to a lot of world leaders, and Colin has as well. And
I told him, through our tears, we see opportunity, that in our sadness and
grief we see an opportunity to not only defend freedom, but to make the
world more peaceful.
I see an opportunity at home when I hear the stories of Christian and
Jewish women alike, helping women of cover, Arab American women go
shop because they're afraid to leave their home. I see a great
opportunity when I see moms and dads spend more time with their
children here at home.
I see out of this sadness and grief an opportunity for America to
reexamine our culture, to reexamine how we view the need to help people
in need, whether it be in our own neighborhood and around the world.
I see out of this evil will come good, not only here at home, as
youngsters all of a sudden understand the definition of sacrifice, the
sacrifice of those brave souls on Flight 93 who, after the 23rd Psalm said,
let's roll to save America.
I see an opportunity as well to bring peace to the world, the likes of
which we've never seen. I appreciate the Secretary of State's hard work
in the Middle East. It has been diligent. It has been consistent. It has
been true to the principles of America, that in order for there to be peace,
we must reduce the level of violence.
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I see an opportunity to make sure the subcontinent is more peaceful.
No, in our grief and in our sadness, I see an opportunity to make the
world a better place for generations to come. And we will seize the
opportunity. I fully understand that some will grow weary and some will
tire. Not this administration, and not the people of the State Department.
I know there will be some nations that will become frustrated over
time because we're fighting a different kind of campaign. But we won't
weary. This is a nation that has determined, made a determination to
rise up in a united way; to not only spread goodwill around the world, but
to find terrorists where they may live and may hide, and those who
harbor them, and bring them to justice. Now is the time. (Applause.)
Now is the time for this great nation to lead. And I'm proud of the
Secretary of State and the hardworking people of the State Department
for joining us in this cause. Thank you for letting me come by again. May
God bless you all, and may God bless America. (Applause.)
END
10:42 A.M. EDT
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USMA: Superintendent United States Military Academy, West Point
http://www.usma.edu/Superintendent/bio.htm
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Lieutenant General William J. Lennox, Jr.
lennox
Superintendent,
back-
United States Military Academy, West Point
ground
Lieutenant General William James Lennox, Jr. of Houston,
Texas, assumed duties as the 56th Superintendent of the
United States Military Academy at West Point, New York on
8 June 2001. He entered the Army following graduation
from the United States Military Academy in 1971, where he
earned his commission as a lieutenant of Field Artillery.
General Lennox has served in a wide variety of field
assignments. He served as a Forward Observer, Executive
Officer, and Fire Support Officer in the 1st Battalion, 29th
Field Artillery, and as Commander, Battery B, 2d Battalion,
20th Field Artillery, 4th Infantry Division. He was the
Operations Officer and Executive Officer for the 2d
Battalion, 41st Field Artillery, 3d Infantry Division. He
commanded the 5th Battalion, 29th Field Artillery in the 4th
Infantry Division and the Division Artillery in the 24th
Infantry Division. General Lennox has also served in a
number of staff positions including White House Fellow,
Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, and
Executive Officer for the Deputy Chief of Staff for
Operations and Plans. He served as Deputy Commanding
General and Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Army Field
Artillery Center; Chief of Staff for III Corps and Fort Hood;
Assistant Chief of Staff, CJ-3, Combined Forces
Command/United States Forces Korea and Deputy
Commanding General, Eighth United States Army; and,
most recently, Chief of Legislative Liaison.
In addition to his Bachelor of Science degree from the
United States Military Academy, General Lennox holds a Masters Degree and a Doctorate in Literature from
Princeton University. His military education includes the Field Artillery Officer Basic Course, the Infantry Officer
Advance Course, the distinguished graduate from the United States Army Command and General Staff College,
and the Senior Service College Fellowship at Harvard University.
General Lennox's awards include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal; the Legion of Merit with 4 Oak Leaf
Clusters; the Meritorious Service Medal with 1 Oak Leaf Cluster; the Army Commendation Medal with 2 Oak Leaf
Clusters; the Army Achievement Medal; the Korean Order of Military Merit, Inheon Medal; the Ranger Tab; the
Parachutist Badge; and the Army Staff Identification Badge.
RESUME OF SERVICE
CAREER OF
WILLIAM J. LENNOX, JR., Lieutenant General
SOURCE OF COMMISSIONED SERVICE: USMA
MILITARY SCHOOLS ATTENDED:
Field Artillery Officer Basic Course
Infantry Officer Advanced Course
United States Army Command and General Staff College
Senior Service College Fellowship - Harvard University
EDUCATIONAL DEGREES:
United States Military Academy - BS Degree - No Major
Princeton University - MA Degree - English
Princeton University - Ph.D. - English
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5/28/02 2:22 PM
USMA: Superintendent United States Military Academy, West Point
http://www.usma.edu/Superintendent/bio.htm
FOREIGN LANGUAGES(S):
Chinese - Mandarin
PROMOTIONS
DATES OF APPOINTMENT
2LT
9 Jun 71
1LT
9 Oct 72
CPT
9 Jun 75
MAJ
1 Feb 83
LTC
1 Apr 88
COL
1 Jun 92
BG
1 Sep 96
MG
1 Jan 00
LTG
B Jun 01
MAJOR DUTY ASSIGNMENTS
FROM
TO
ASSIGNMENT
Mar 72
Jul 74
Forward Observer, later Executive Officer, C Battery, later Fire Support Officer, 1st Battalion
29th Field Artillery, 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Carson, Colorado
Aug 74
Mar 75
Aide-de-Camp to the Assistant Division Commander for Support, 4th Infantry Division
(Mechanized), Fort Carson, Colorado
Apr 75
May 76
Commander, B Battery, 2d Battalion, 20th Field Artillery, 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized),
Fort Carson, Colorado
May 76
Dec 76
Student, United States Army Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning, Georgia
Jan 77
Jun 77
Tactical Officer, United States Army Infantry Center, Fort Benning, Georgia
Jul 77
Jun 79
Student, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
Jul 79
May 82
Instructor, later Assistant Professor, English Department, United States Military Academy,
West Point, New York
Jun 82
Jun 85
S-3 (Operations), later Executive Officer, 2d Battalion, 41st Fleld Artillery, 3d Infantry
Division (Mechanized), United States Army Europe, Germany
Jul 85
May 86
Student, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas
Jun 86
Mar 88
White House Fellow, United States Military District of Washington, Washington, DC
Apr 88
May 90
Commander, 5th Battalion, 29th Field Artillery, 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort
Carson, Colorado
Jun 90
May 91
Student, Senior Service College Fellowship - Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
Jun 91
Nov 92
Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, Washington, DC
Dec 92
Nov 94
Commander, Division Artillery, 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Stewart, Georgia
Dec 94
Dec 95
Executive Officer to the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, United States Army,
Washington, DC
Dec 95
Jun 97
Deputy Commanding General/Assistant Commandant, United States Army Field Artillery
Center and School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
Jun 97
Jul 98
Chief of Staff, III Corps and Fort Hood, Fort Hood, Texas
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5/28/02 2:22 PM
USMA: Superintendent United States Military Academy, West Point
http://www.usma.edu/Superintendent/bio.html
Jun 97
Jul 98
Chief of Staff, III Corps and Fort Hood, Fort Hood, Texas
Assistant Chief of Staff, C-3/J-3, United Nations Command/Combined Forces
Jul 98
Oct 99
Command/United States Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth United States
Army, Korea
Nov 99
Jun 01
Chief, Legislative Liaison, Office of the Secretary of the Army, the Pentagon
U.S DECORATIONS AND BADGES
Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit (with 4 Oak Leaf Clusters)
Meritorious Service Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster)
Army Commendation Medal (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters)
Army Achievement Medal
Parachutist Badge
Ranger Tab
Army Staff Identification Badge As of 6 June 2001
SUMMARY OF JOINT ASSIGNMENTS
ASSIGNMENT
DATES
GRADE
White House Fellow, Washington, DC
Jun 86-Mar 88
Major
Assistant Chief of Staff, C-3/J-3, United Nations Command/ Combined Forces
Command/United States Forces Korea/ Deputy Commanding General, Eighth
Jul 98-Oct 99
Major General
United States Army, Korea
3 of 3
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General Robert E. Lee American Civil War Confederate General
http://americancivilwar.com/south/lee.html
Lee
perfect
Record
General Robert E. Lee (USMA, 1828)
(1807-1870) Confederate general, born in Stratford, VA. He trained at West Point, and
in the Mexican War became chief engineer of the central army in Mexico (1846). He
commanded the US Military Academy (1852--5), was a cavalry officer on the Texan
border (1855--9), and in 1861 was made commander-in-chief of the Virginia forces. He
was in charge of the defences at Richmond, and defeated Federal forces in the Seven
Days' Battles (1862). His strategy in opposing General Pope, his invasion of Maryland
and Pennsylvania, and other achievements are central to the history of the war. In
1865, he surrendered his army to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. After the
war, he became President of Washington College at Lexington.
The son of a Revolutionary War hero, Robert E. Lee was a model cadet. So much so,
in fact, that he was dubbed the "Marble Statue" for his nearly perfect record while at
the academy. He was always ranked first or second in his class and never earned a
single demerit during his four years at West Point. After serving with distinction in the
Mexican-Ameriean War, he went on to distinction in his native Virginia. At the onset
of the Civil War, he resigned his commission in the US Army and took command of
the Army of Northern Virginia. His string of victories throughout that war earned him
praise on both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line and he has since earned a well-earned
reputation for excellence in the art of war. Lee's surrender to Ulysses Grant at
Appomattox Court House ended the Civil War and he was finally pardoned of all
wrong doing by President Jimmy Carter.
Farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia
by Robert E. Lee
After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the
Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and
resources.
I need not tell the survivors of SO many hard-fought battles who have remained
steadfast to the last that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them; but
feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for
the loss that would have attended the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid
the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their
countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their
homes and remain until exchanged.
You may take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty
faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his
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5/24/02 10:18 AM
General Robert E. Lee American Civil War Confederate General
http://americancivilwar.com/south/lee.html
blessing and protection.
With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, and a
grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all
an affectionate farewell.
Civil War Exhibits
2 of 2
5/24/02 10:18 AM
West Point Parents Club of Georgia
NEWSLETTER
Vol. 16 No. 5
March 2002
NEXT MEETING
FROM THE PRESIDENTS
As our watch runs down, we want to thank everyone for
SUNDAY, MARCH 17
their support and participation in making our parents club
Dobbins ARB (Marietta): 3:00 p.m.
one that is helpful for our cadets and enjoyable for all
Officers at 2:00 p.m.
of us who get together.
Directions Page 10
At the next meeting on Sunday, March 17th, we will vote in
the new slate of officers and turn the duties of president
Program:
over to Dave and Robin Hawkins. There are still a few
2:00-3:00
Officer's Meeting
positions to be filled, so step forward, Be All That You
3:00-3:30
Arrive, Grab a Snack, Visit
Can Be, and volunteer. You'll enjoy it.
3:30-3:50
Welcome,
Vote for Slate of Officers
LTC Guy Lofaro is returning as our speaker. We have asked
3:50-4:40
Speaker, LTC Guy Lofaro
him to speak on "military situations" that he has found
4:40-5:30
Installation of Officers
himself in and our sons and daughters may find themselves
5:30
Clean-up
in. LTC Lofaro, class of 1980, has served two tours with
the 82d Airborne Division; one with the Ranger Training
Classes of 2002 and 2003 to provide
Brigade as a Ranger Instructor, Company Commander, and
Battalion Operations Officer at Ft. Benning; one tour with
snacks!
the 2d Infantry Division in Korea; and two tours with the
History Department at West Point. Presently he is a
In this issue
strategic policy analyst for Forces Command at Ft.
McPherson. We look forward to this informative and
Presidents' Message
1
entertaining speaker.
Cadet News
2
Where are they now?
3
Please note that there is a change in the meeting place
Firstie Mom
4
for the March 17th meeting. The meeting will be at Dobbins
VORCI Thanks
ARB. Directions are inside the newsletter and on the web
5
page.
Treasurer Report
5
From LTC Guy Lofaro
6
The West Point Founders Day dinner, sponsored by the West
From the Editor
8
Point Society of Atlanta, is being held at Ft. McPherson
Georgia Resolution
9
on Saturday, March 16th. As parents of cadets, we are all
invited. We attended last year and found it interesting
Army Football
9
and fun. Further information is inside the newsletter and
From the New Presidents
10
on the web page.
Founders Day
10
Directions
10
We look forward to our final year with the club as we
support Dave, Robin and the other officers.
DON'T FORGET TO WEAR
YOUR NAME TAGS!
Terry and Joan Hensel
Cadet News
the fall semester Dean's List. He continues to excel as a
member of the Black Knight's Track Team and contributed
Class of 2002
to Army winning the Patriot League Indoor Track
Jason Beach branched Air Defense
Championship for the 9th straight year.
Artillery and his first duty station will be in
Germany. Jason made the fall semester
Class of 2003
Dean's List. He recently attended an
Bobby Gregory made the Fall Semester Dean's List.
engineering conference at the University of
Arizona. Jason and several friends plan to
Class of 2004
visit Japan during spring break.
Lori Bigger made the Dean's List for the 3rd Straight
David Crawford branched Field Artillery
semester. She is looking forward to spring break where
and is slated to go to Fort Stewart for his first
she will be going to Greece as part of an exchange program
duty station. Ellen and James are happy that
sponsored though the academy. In June she will going to
David will be stationed in Georgia!
Russia where she will spend three weeks training and
Patty Kast branched Military Police and will be
attending class at the Uzbekistan Military Academy along
stationed at Fort Riley, Kansas, for her first duty station.
with taking in some of the cultural events. Upon returning
Being in the Military Police, Patty may be attached to
to the United States, she will be returning to the academy to
Infantry, Armor, or some other branch unit headquartered
do Beast I. After Beast she will be part of a group of
at Fort Riley.
cadets that will host students from the countries that the
Brandon Perdue branched Engineers and Ft. Carson,
cadets traveled to during spring break.
Colorado, will be his first duty station. Brandon made the
This summer, Brian Forester will be attending Air
fall semester Dean's List and continued to excel on the
Assault School in Camp Smith, N. Y., and will be serving
gridiron. He started all 11 games at defensive end for the
as a First Sgt. for the second Beast detail.
Black Knights, finished sixth on the team in tackles, was
Josh Hawkins will be headed for an engineering
named the "Army Scholar-Athlete of the Army/Navy
assignment at Ft. Stewart, Georgia this summer where he'll
Game," and capped his football career by making First
also be able to reunite with one of his former West Point
Team Academic All-American. Brandon plans to marry
host families. He is currently enjoying the Sandhurst
after graduation will be accompanied by his bride while he
practice and maintained the dean's list for Fall 2001.
attends Engineer Officer Basic School and then moves on
Robert Kazmarek is really excited to be a Beast 1
to Ft. Carson. Family will be close by in Colorado,
Squad Leader (the assignment he wanted) and to be doing
Brandon's brother, Barrett, will be a cadet at Air Force.
Air Assault this summer.
Ali Rohr branched Engineers and is posted to Ft.
Ann Millen is doing CI Sandhurst this semester. She
Collins, Colorado. Ali made the fall semester Dean's list
is scheduled to do Airborne 1, Beast 1, and FAEP this
and earned the Superintendent's Award. She was
summer.
recognized for being the cadet in charge of the physics
Frank "Tater" Mills made the Dean's List for his
mentoring program at a local high school. Ali continued to
third semester at the United States Military Academy at
excel in tennis, playing number 2 singles and number one
West Point, New York by making over a 3.0 Grade Point
doubles. She is the captain of the women's team (which is
Average. Recently he was named "Master of the Sword,"
expected to win the Patriot League title and again advance
an honor "given to the cadet who has earned the highest
to the NCAA finals)
total physical grade for Plebe (first) Year" for swimming,
After completing his Officer Basic Course,
(b)(3)
gymnastics and boxing. Cadet Mills plays on the Water
10 USC 1306
(b)(3)
is assigned to the famous 82ⁿᵈ Airborne Division.
Polo Team, which recently placed 12th in the Collegiate
Rob Smith branched Infantry. Since Rob has been
Club Nationals in Gainesville, FL. He is a Civil Engineering
selected as a Rhodes Scholar and will be spending 2 or 3
major and will attend airborne training at Fort Benning this
years at Oxford University in England, his first duty station
summer, after which he will be assigned to a light
has not been determined.
engineering unit at Fort Bragg for training.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130 branched Engineers and is posted to Ft.
Riley, Kansas. These units are elements of either the First
Class of 2005
Infantry Division or the First Armored Division. Will made
(Sorry no report)
HONOR
DUTY
COUNTRY
2
casualty, in and out-processing, passport, visa, birth
Where are they now?
registration and special events coordination for American
personnel stationed in Belgium, The Netherlands,
Class of 1998
Luxembourg, and UK in support of NATO operations
overseas. She travels extensively and continuously to
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Armor, 1st Infantry Division-Ft. Riley,
various installations in these countries as well as Germany
Kansas. Airborne qualified. Previous jobs: Tank Platoon
for whatever business takes her there. She rents a house
Leader, Scout Platoon Leader, Company Executive
off base, drives a Volvo, and makes the most of being in
Officer, Battalion Adjutant. Present Rank-Captain.
Europe. She also works 14-hour days and jokes that if she
Deployments: Kuwait, July-December 2001, Honduras,
were being paid by the hour, she wouldn't even be making
March-September 2002.
minimum wage.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Air Defense Artillery, 1st Calvary
Class of 1999
Division, Ft. Hood, Texas. Upon Graduation in May of
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Armour, presently 1st
2000, Anthony completed jump school at Ft. Benning,
lieutenant, serving as the XO for the Bravo Company,
Georgia and then proceeded to the Air Defense Artillery
246th Armour basic training at Ft. Knox, KY. After
Officer Basic Course at Ft. Bliss, Texas. He was then
graduation, attended the Armour Officer Basic at Ft. Knox,
assigned as a platoon leader in C Btry 4/5 ADA Battalion,
after there he went to South Korea, where he serve as
1st Calvary Division, Ft. Hood, Texas. In November of
platoon leader, having 4 M1A1 Abrams tanks, he served in
2001 he was deployed, along with 3000 other troopers, to
that position from March, 2000, until Dec. 2000, from Dec
Kuwait. He was promoted to 1st Lt soon after arrival in
2000, thru Dec. 2001 he served as Scout Platoon leader
Kuwait. Their mission is to strengthen other US forces in
with a group of Hum-Vees. Also he is waiting to here from
Kuwait and act as a deterrent to any action that Iraq may
his application for Special Forces.
contemplate. At the present time he is still in Kuwait.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Class of 1999, Armor, attached to First
(b)(3) 10 USC 130 Management. 101st Airborne Division,
Infantry Division. Completed AOBC at Fort Knox in
187 Inf. Reg.. Served "War on Terrorism" in "Operation
December 1999. Successfully completed Ranger Training
Enduring Freedom." Deployed to a classified location.
in March 2000. Became Tank Platoon leader upon
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b Quartermaster Corps, completed
graduation from Ranger school. Tour of duty in Kosovo
QMOBC in Ft. Lee, VA, in Dec. 2000. Assigned to A
with Peacekeeping Force from March to August 2000.
company, 64th forward support battalion, 3rd Brigade, 4th
Became Tank Company XO in June 2002. Recently
Infantry Division at Ft. Carson, CO. Headquarters platoon
became Cavalry officer and is the Lead Platoon leader.
leader 01/01 - 09/01; Transportation platoon leader 09/01 -
Rank: First Lieutenant, posted at Vilseck, Germany
current. Promoted to 1st lt. 11/01; 4th Infantry Division
Gapstone exercise 09/01 - 10/01
Class of 2000
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Field Artillery, has completed
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
First Lieutenant, assigned to Ft
FAOBC at Ft. Sill, OK. Presently a 1st Lieutenant posted
Benning and graduated from the Infantry Officers Basic
at Ft. Benning, 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division. He has
Course -Graduated from Ranger School. (Completed
completed Marne Focus Rotation at Ft. Stewart, GA;
airborne school and air assault school during cadet summer
National Training Center (NTC) at Ft. Irwin, CA; War
training) Completed assignment as a platoon leader,
Fighter Battle Simulation at Ft. Stewart, GA. Prior position
Company C, 1-9 Infantry Battalion, 2d Infantry Division,
as Fire Direction Officer. As of January 2002, he is
South Korea. Assigned as Executive Officer Long Range
Platoon Leader for Paladin Battery. He also got married in
Surveillance Detachment, 2d Infantry Division, South
August 2001.
Korea On orders for the 1st Battalion (Ranger) 75th
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b took time off after graduation and then
Infantry, Hunter Army Airfield, Savannah Georgia.
reported to Airborne Training at Ft. Benning. He was able
Assignment effective in May 2002
to fit this in during July and August, graduating just in time
(b)(3) 10 USC 130 1LT, attended Quartermaster Officer
to report to Ft. Rucker in mid-August to begin flight
Basic Course at Ft. Lee, Virginia; graduated December
training. Since August, 2000 he has been training to
2000. January 2001, moved to Belgium where she has
fly/command helicopters at Ft. Rucker. He should have
been stationed since at Supreme Headquarters Allied
received his wings in September 2001 and completed
Powers Europe (SHAPE). In her job as the 80th Area
training in his final aircraft by January 2002. However, a
Support Group Adjutant, she heads all personnel, mail,
worsening injury to his knee, first suffered while competing
HONOR
DUTY
COUNTRY
3
in Team Handball at West Point, caused him to be pulled
out of the program last August (2001) and undergo an ACL
Firstie Mom: Nan Ward Kast
replacement operation in October. He has since been in
rehabilitation, but looks to get back into the program by the
From a Firstie Mom
end of March this year. If everything goes well and he
resumes training by the end of March, he should complete
The countdown clock is ticking; the goal is in sight.
flight school and receive his wings in May and, depending
Graduation 2002 is less than 100 days away. WHEW!!
on which helicopter he is assigned, should complete his final
training and be posted to his first unit by the end of the
Where have the past four years gone? It seems like just
summer. He received the generally automatic promotion to
yesterday we watched our baby march off the plain on R-
1st Lieutenant in November 2001.
Day and into the jaws of Beast Barracks. But, when we
saw her again on A-Day, there was a new glimmer of
Class of 2001
pride in those tired cadet eyes.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Infantry, finished IOBC and left
Many are the ups and downs of the roller coaster ride
February 26 for Korea. His orders were not specific so he
our cadets experience at West Point. When viewed
didn't know where he'd be stationed. He will be in one of
through Plebe eyes, the many challenges seem daunting.
the two light divisions.
But, in the eyes of a Firstie, even the toughest times begin
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Infantry, 82nd Airborne. Presently a
to morph into fond memories, the kind that last a lifetime.
2nd Lieutenant posted at Ft. Benning where he has
Firstie year began with a ring---an outward sign of a
completed IOBC and Airborne Training. Enters Ranger
training in March 2002.
personal victory and inclusion in an awesome fraternity.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Infantry. First assignment is with
The rings of the Bicentennial Class each include gold from
3rd Bde, 3rd Infantry Division, Ft. Benning. Presently a
past classes, as well as gold flown in space.
2nd Lieutenant attending the Mechanized Leaders Course
Upperclassmen once nicknamed this class: "The Golden
at Ft. Benning. He has completed IOBC and graduated
Children." This is their year to shine.
from Ranger School on 15 Feb. (He completed the
Branch Night's career choices were all the more
Airborne and Air Assault courses while a cadet.) Married
poignant in light of 9/11. 2002 will always remember that
on 30 June 2001 to Sally Albertson, Douglasville, Ga.
Army beat Navy in their Firstie year. Just this month
(b)(3) 10 USC 130 Engineers, EOBC at Ft. Leonard Wood,
they learned where they will be posted as 2LT's. As I
Missouri. Presently a 2nd Lieutenant going through Ranger
write this, the Class of 2002 is celebrating with their 100th
School Mountain phase in Dahlonega, Ga. Following
Ranger School, Chris will attend the Navy Dive School in
Night Show and Banquet. Firstie proofs are being made
Florida and then serve as an Army Dive platoon leader.
into Firstie portraits. Graduation invitations and
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Infantry. After getting married in June
announcements have been printed. Plans for Spring
2001 (at the West Point Chapel) (cross-sabers and all that),
Break are being finalized. Final projects and papers will
he completed IOBC at Ft. Benning, Airborne training, and
soon be agonized over. And then, suddenly, it will be
(as of this writing) is in the third and final phase of Ranger
time to reverse the process that occurred on A-Day in
training. His description of Ranger training? "Awful" Why?
1998. The Class of 2002 will march out of the Corps of
"Hunger."
Cadets and into the history books. What's that? Oh no,
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Aviation, Helicopter flight
no, that's not a tear in my eye. I'm saving those for
school. Presently a 2nd. Lt. at Fort Rucker, AL. Has
graduation.
completed the first phase of flight school, now in the
"Pride In All We Do- 2002"
"instrument flying" phase.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
Infantry. Since WP graduation has
completed IOBC and is presently in the 3rd and last phase
Nan Kast
of Ranger school. After Ranger graduation will report to
the 82nd Airborne at Ft. Bragg, NC.
(b)(3) 10 USC 130b
assigned as Assistant S4, 3rd Battalion,
69th Armor, 3rd Infantry Division, at Fort Stewart, Georgia.
TheGolden
Children
HONOR
DUIT
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COUNTRY
VORCI Christmas Party
Treasurer's Report
Many thanks to all of you who contributed to the
Balance (1/3/02)
3705.43
success of the Eleventh Annual Veterans Opportunity and
Income
Resource Center, Inc. (VORCI) Christmas Party held on
Membership
40.00
Sunday, 9 Dec 01. Once again, your show of support
Raffle
246.00
through donations, gifts and time helped brighten the
Total:
286.00
holiday season for many of our veterans and their families.
Expenses
Bésides the Society's donation, WPSA and WPPC
Cow Rep. Exp.
44.78
members generously donated $645 and $280
Meeting Room
50.00
respectively-your generosity truly made a difference!
WP Fund (In
50.00
And hats off to Jim Frederick (former President of the
Memory of Charles
Parents Club) again this year, for his successful efforts in
Cannon)
securing monetary support from three veterans' groups in
Boodle Postage
117.47
Douglas County.
Firstie Flags (Ball)
282.48
Our guests enjoyed Christmas caroling, face painting,
Total:
(544.73)
complete holiday meal, Chaplain Preston's message, good
Balance (3/1/02)
3446.70
fellowship and, of course, Santa Claus bearing gifts and
goodies for all! Special thanks to Jim Eberle '71, Janet
Nancy Weimer, Treasurer
'82 and Scott Cortner, Debbie Guerra '85, and Nan
Ward Kast (former Co-President, WPPC) for helping at
Mark Your Calendars
the party. The smiles and bright faces on the recipients
and volunteers alike make all of the hard work
March 16, 2002: Founder's Day Dinner (See page 10
worthwhile. I simply could not pull this off without your
for more information)
desire to share your blessings. Truly, this event represents
March 17, 2002: Regular Meeting
the very best of the holiday season. I pray you and your
June 2002: Annual WPPC-Georgia Picnic (TBA)
family shared the same spirit in your holiday traditions.
Blessings,
Jan Heath
VORCI Christmas Party Chairperson
Don't forget to visit the WPPC-Georgia website for
the latest club information:
http://www.west-point.org/parent/wppc-georgia/
HONOR
DUTY
COUNTRY
5
was eventually found, but for a few hours you had the entire
By TC Guy Lofaro
battalion scrambling. Your battalion commander is not yelling at
you though, he's not demeaning you, he's simply taking this
opportunity to ensure you learn from the experience. And you
(This is long, and it's been circulating on the internet for a
do- you learn that people make mistakes, that those mistakes do
while. While I generally don't publish materials with either of
not usually result in the end of the world, and that such
those attributes, this is simply too moving not to be a part of
occasions are valuable opportunities to impart some higher
our written history. In addition, you may remember LTC Lofaro
lessons. Then, out of the corner of-your eye, you see your
speaking at our meeting in September 2001. Consider this an
platoon sergeant emerge from behind a building. He's an old
addendum to his speech to us. He will be our speaker again on
soldier a fine soldier though- whose knees have seen a few too
March 17 Ed.)
many airborne operations. He sees you and the colonel and he
takes off at a run. You see him approaching from behind the
This was written and presented by LTC (presently) Guy
colonel and the next thing you see is the back of your platoon
Lofaro, US Army.
sergeant's head. He is now standing between you and your
"Let me say before beginning that it has been my pleasure to
battalion commander the two are eyeball to eyeball. Your
attend several dinings-in here at West Point and hence I have
platoon sergeant says, a touch of indignance in his voice "Leave
some basis for comparison. You people have done a fine job and
my lieutenant alone, sir. He didn't lose the ammo, I did. I was the
you ought to congratulate yourselves. In fact, why don't we take
one who miscounted. You want someone's ass, you take mine."
this time to have the persons who were responsible for this event
And you learn another lesson - you learn about loyalty.
stand so we can acknowledge them publicly.
It's a few months later and you are one of two soldiers left on
I guess I am honored with these invitations because there
a hot PZ on some Caribbean island. There's been another foul up
exists this rumor that I can tell a story. Cadets who I have had in
- not yours this time, but you're going to pay for it. It's you and
class sometimes approach me beforehand and request that,
your RTO, a nineteen-year-old surfer from Florida who can quote
during my speech, I tell some of the stories I've told them in class.
Shakespeare because his Mom was a high school literature
For the longest time I have resisted this. I simply didn't think
teacher and who joined the army because his Dad was a WWII
this the right forum for story-telling, so I tried instead, with
Ranger. The last UH-60 has taken off on an air assault and
varying degrees of success, to use this time to impart some
someone is supposed to come back and get you guys. But the
higher lesson - some thought that would perhaps stay with one
fire is getting heavy, and you're not sure anything can get down
or two of you a little longer than the 10 or 15 minutes I will be
there without getting shot up. You're taking fire from some
standing here.
heavily forested hills. At least two machineguns, maybe three,
I tried this again last week at another dining in and I bombed.
maybe more, and quite a few AKs, but you can't make out
Big time. Of course, the cadets didn't say that. They said all the
anything else. You and your RTO are in a hole, hunkered down
polite things- "Thank you, sir, for those inspiring words"
as the bad guys are peppering your hole with small arms fire.
"You've provided us much food for thought" "We all certainly
Your RTO is trying to get some help - another bird to come get
learned something from you tonight, sir." And I'm thinking yeah
you, some artillery, some attack helicopters - anything. But there
- you learned something all right. You learned never to invite that
are other firefights happening elsewhere on this island involving
SOB to be a dining in speaker again. So in the interim I've spent
much larger numbers. So as the cosmos unfold at; that particular
quite a bit of time thinking about what I would say to you tonight.
moment, in that particular place, you and that RTO are well down
What can I say that will stay with you? And as I reflected on this
the order of merit list.
I turned it on myself- what stays with me? What makes a mark
You feel a tug at your pants leg. Ketch, that's what you call
on me? What do I remember, and why? How have I learned the
him, Ketch tells you he got a "wait, out" when he asked for help.
higher lessons I so desperately want to impart to you? Well - I've
The radio is jammed with calls for fire and requests for support
learned those higher lessons through experience. And as I
from other parts of the island. "What we gonna do, sir?' he asks.
thought further, I realized that there's only one way to relate
And all of a sudden, you're learning another lesson. You're
experience-that is to tell some stories.
learning about the weightiness of command, because it's not just
So I'm going to try something new here this evening. I'm
you in that hole, it's this kid you've spent every day with for the
going to give you your stories and attempt to relate what I've
last five months. This kid you've come to love like a kid brother.
learned by living them. I'm going to let you crawl inside my eye-
There is only one way out and that's through the bad guys. You
sockets and see some of the things I've seen these past 18 years.
see, you are on a peninsula that rises about 100 feet from the sea.
Imagine you are a brand new second lieutenant on a
The inland side is where the bad guys are. You figure you are
peacekeeping mission in the Sinai Peninsula. You are less than a
safe in this hole, solong as they don't bring in any indirect fire
year out of West Point, and only a few weeks out of the basic
stuff, but if they come down off those hills, onto the peninsula,
course. You are standing at a strict position of attention in front
then you're going to have to fight it out. And that's what you tell
of your battalion commander, a man you will come to realize was
your RTO. We either get help or, if the bad guys come for us, we
one of the finest soldiers with whom you've ever served, and you
fight. He looks at you. You don't know how long. And he says
are being questioned about a mistake a big mistake that you've
only four words. Two sentences. "Roger, sir. Let's rock."
made. You see, your platoon lost some live ammo. Oh sure, it
Appropriate coming from a surfer. Then he slithers back down to
HONOR
DUTY
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6
the bottom of the hole. Staying on the radio, your lifeline, trying
E-6 promotable when this happened, and the SOP was a general-
to get some help. You are peering over the edge of the hole,
officer article 15 and a reduction one grade, which would really be
careful not to make too big a target.
two for him because he was on the promotion list. But Harvey
You're thinking about your wife and that little month-old
Moore is a good soldier, and it's time to go to bat for a guy who,
baby you left a few days ago. It was two o'clock in the morning
if your company command was any sort of a success, played a
when you got the call. "Pack your gear and get in here." You
significant part in making it so. And you go with your battalion
kissed them both and told them to watch the news. Hell, you
commander to see the CG, and you stand at attention in front of
didn't know where you were going or why, but you were told to
the CG's desk for 20 minutes convincing him that Harvey Moore
go, and you went. Then all of a sudden it gets real loud, and
deserves a break. You win. Harvey Moore never drinks again.
things are flying all around and then there's a shadow that passes
He makes E-7. And when you change command, he grabs your
over you. You look up and find yourself staring at the bottom of
arm, with tears in his eyes, and thanks you for all you've done.
a Blackhawk, about 15 feet over the deck, flying fast and low, and
Then the phone call. And you learn about grief.
as it passes over your hole you see the door gunner dealing
And then you're a major and you're back in the 82d your
death and destruction on the bad guys in those hills. It sets
home. And one day some SOB having a bad week decides it's
down about 25 meters from your hole, as close as it can get. You
time to take it out on the world and he shoots up a PT formation.
look up and see the crew chief kneeling inside, waving frantically
Takes out 20 guys: You're one of them. 5.56 tracer round right to
to you, the door gunner still dealing with it, trying to keep the bad
the gut. Range about 10 meters. And you're dead for a little
guys' heads down, who have now switched their fire to the bird, a
while, but it's not your time yet- - there are still too many lessons
much bigger, and better, target.
to learn. And you wake up after 5 surgeries and 45 days in a
You look at Ketch and then you're off and you run 25
coma. And you look down at your body and you don't recognize
meters faster than 25 meters have ever been run since humans
it it has become a receptacle for hospital tubing and electronic
began to walk upright. And you dive through the open doors
monitoring devices. You have a tracheotomy, so there's a huge
onto the floor of the Blackhawk. There are no seats in the bird
tube going down your throat and you can't talk, but that thing is
since this is combat and we don't use them in the real deal. And
making sure you breath. And there's a tube in your nose that
you are hugging your RTO, face-to-face, like a lover, and
goes down into your stomach that's how you eat. And there are
shouting at him "You OKAY? You OKAY? You OKAY?" but
four IVs - one in each arm and two in the veins in the top of your
he doesn't tell you he's OKAY since he's yelling the same thing at
feet. There is a tube through your right clavicle that's where
you "You OKAY? You OKAY? You OKAY?" And then the
they inject the high-powered antibiotics that turns your hair white
pilot pulls pitch and executes a violent and steep ascent out of
and makes you seethings. But disease is the enemy now and it's
there and had you not been holding on to the d-rings in the floor
gotta be done. And there are three tubes emerging from three
and the crew chief not been holding your legs you might have
separate holes in your stomach. They are there to drain the
fallen out. Then you're over the water, you're safe, and the bird
liquids from your stomach cavity. It drains into some bags
levels out, and you roll over to your back and close your eyes
hanging on the side of your bed. And they've shaved your chest
and you think you fall asleep. But then you feel a hand on your
and attached countless electrodes to monitor your heartbeat,
blouse, and you open your eyes and see the crew chief kneeling
blood pressure, and anything else they can measure. They have
over you with a head set in his hand. He wants you to put it on
these things stuck all over your head as well, and on your wrists
so you do. And the first thing you hear is "I-Beamer, buddy boy.
and ankles. And your family gathers around, and they are like
I Beamer."
rocks, and they pull you through. But there's also a guy, dressed
You were in I-4 while a cadet, and that was your rallying cry.
in BDUs, with a maroon beret in his hand, who stands quietly in
And you look up to where the pilots sit and you see a head
the corner. Never says anything. Just smiles. And looks at you.
sticking out from behind one of the seats. He's looking at you
He's there every day. Not every hour of every day, but he comes
and it's his voice you hear, but you can't make out who it is
every day. Sometimes he's there when you wake up. Sometimes
because his visor is down. Then he lifts it, and you see the face
he's there when you go to sleep. He comes during his lunch
of a man who was 2 years ahead of you in your company. He
break. He stays an hour, or two, or three. And just stands in the
tells you that he knew you were there and he wasn't going to
corner. And smiles.
leave an I-Beamer like that. And you learn about courage, and
No one told him to be there. But he made it his place of duty.
camaraderie. And friendship that never dies.
His guard post. You see, it's your sergeant major, and his ranger
It's a few years later and you've already had your company
buddy is down, and a ranger never leaves a fallen comrade. And
command. You're in grad school, studying at Michigan. You get
you learn, through this man, the value of a creed. And every four
a phone call one night, one of the sergeants from your company.
hours two huge male nurses come in and gently roll you on your
He tells you Harvey Moore is dead, killed in a training accident
side. The bullet exited through your left buttock and made a hole
when his Blackhawk flew into the ground. Harvey Moore. Two
the size of a softball. The bandages need to be changed. Take
time winner of the Best Ranger Competition. Great soldier.
the soiled wads out and put clean ones in. And a second
Got drunk one night after his wife left him and took his son.
lieutenant comes in. She seems to be there all the time. She's the
You see, staff sergeants don't make as much money as lawyers,
one changing the bandages. And it hurts like hell, but she, too, is
so she left with the lawyer. He got stinking drunk, though it
smiling, and talking to you, and she's gentle. And you know
didn't take much since he didn't drink at all before this, and got
you've seen her before, but you can't talk you still have that
into his car. Then had an accident. Then got a DUI. He was an
tube in your throat. But she knows. And she tells you that you
HONOR
DUTY
COUNTRY
7
taught her Military Art History, that now it's her turn to take care
of you, that she's in charge of you and the team of nurses
From the Editor
assigned to you, and she won't let you down. And you learn
about compassion. And then it's months later and you're still
As was mentioned at the last WPPC-Georgia meeting,
recovering. Most of the tubes are gone but it's time for another
2002-2003 will be my last stint as the Editor-of-the-
round of major surgeries. And you go into one of the last, this
Newsletter-Webmaster-And-Other-Miscellaneous-Duties
one about 9 hours long. And they put you back together.
Commanding Person, which, in Army fashion, would be
And you wake up in the ICU one more time. Only one IV this
time. And when you open your eyes, there's a huge figure
designated "EN-WOM-D CP." That means it's time to
standing over your bed. BDUs. Green beret in his hand. Bigger
find and to start training a replacement. To be honest,
than God. And he's smiling. "It's about damn time you woke up
doing the newsletter and the website takes a fair amount
you lazy bastard" he says. And you know it's your friend and
of time, but if you enjoy techie or graphic activities, it's
former commander and you've got to come back with something
quick something good. He's the deputy Delta Force commander,
very rewarding. The specifics of the job are as follows:
soon to be the commander. And you say "Don't you have
1. About three weeks before the newsletter goes out,
someplace else to be? Don't you have something more important
assemble all of the cadet news, tidbits from USMA,
to do?" And without skipping a beat, without losing that smile
WPSA, and other sources, and get the usual columns
he says "Right now, I am doing what I consider the most
important thing in the world." And you learn about leadership.
(President's Letter, Treasurer Report, and so on).
So there you have them. Some stories. I've tried to let you
2. Assemble all of the material into standard newsletter
see the world as I've seen it at various points in time these 18
format. (I use Microsoft Word, with just a simple two-
years. I hope you've learned something. I certainly have."
column format, but someone with more artistic skill could
Thanks for your time.
no doubt do even better.)
3. Convert the newsletter to Adobe Acrobat format.
AIRBORNE
4. Upload the newsletter to the website. Update the
club Home Page, and a couple other pages, and upload
those to the website.
AP
5. Use the latest version of the club database
(historically maintained as a Microsoft Access file), e-mail
everyone that the newsletter is available. For those who
cannot download the newsletter in .pdf format, print off
the mailing labels and mail hard copies to them.
That's it! There are a few other miscellaneous tasks
(such as developing and posting the current Officer's list,
adding little pithy quotes and other items from time to
time, and so on, but they're all just fun). I also think that
up to three persons could divvy up tasks 1-2, 3, and 4-5.
All told, I think it probably takes 10-30 hours every
couple months.
I'm happy to train anyone who's interested in any of
these tasks (this is a great time to learn how to do a
website, if you've ever been interested). Please let me
know.
Thanks,
Skip Kazmarek
HONOR
DUTY
8
From the Georgia General Assembly
Army Football
A RESOLUTION
OK
so maybe it is a bit early to load these into your
Palm Pilot, but here's the 2002 schedule anyway.
Recognizing the 200th Anniversary of the United States
Military Academy; and for other purposes.
September 7, 2002
Holy Cross
WHEREAS, on March 16, 2002, the United States
Military Academy in West Point, New York will celebrate
September 14, 2002
@Rutgers
its 200th anniversary and the legacy of leadership this great
September 21, 2002
Louisville
educational institution has produced throughout our nation's
September 28, 2002
Southern Mississippi
history; and
October 5, 2002
@East Carolina
WHEREAS, the original Congressional Act establishing
October 12, 2002
Texas Christian
West Point in 1802 was signed by President Thomas
October 19, 2002
@Houston
Jefferson after ensuring that the cadets attending the
October 26, 2002
UAB
academy would be representative of a democratic society;
November 9, 2002
Air Force
and
November 16, 2002
@Tulane
WHEREAS, civil engineering was the central focus of
the early academic curriculum given the desire to eliminate
November 23, 2002
@Memphis
America's wartime reliance on foreign engineers and
December 7, 2002
Army/Navy
artillerists, and the Academy emerged as an institution
East Rutherford, NJ (Giants Stadium at the
devoted to the arts and sciences of warfare; and
Meadowlands)
WHEREAS, West Point graduates have dominated the
highest ranks of the nation's military command since the
For more information on this schedule see:
Revolutionary War, and the rigorous curriculum of the
<http://goarmysports.fansonly.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-
Academy is the first step in the continuing career education
rel/021202aaa.html>
expected of today's military leaders; and
WHEREAS, Academy graduates distinguished
themselves always on the battlefields and impressively met
the challenges and the intense physical demands of modern
warfare; and they have contributed as well to the business,
scholarship, and civic sectors of society; and
WHEREAS, the long noble history of the Academy
continues to attract the nation's best and brightest young
people and instills lifelong commitments to Duty, Honor, and
Country.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA that this body
recognizes the Bicentennial of the United States Military
Academy and salutes its illustrious heritage.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Clerk of the
House of Representatives is authorized and directed to
transmit an appropriate copy of this resolution to the
Superintendent of the Military Academy.
HONOR
DUTY
COUNTRY
9
From the New sidents
The West Point Society of Atlanta
West Point Parents Club has meant a
invites you to
great deal to us throughout these
past three years and we're looking
THE 2002 WEST POINT
forward to one more really great
FOUNDERS DAY
year and the opportunity to serve
as president for that year. There
is an understanding within this
SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 2002
group beyond words and that's the
essence of its mission.
6:00 p.m. Benny Havens (Cash Bar), 7:00 p.m.
First Call for Dinner
Over these three years we have
at The Commons, Fort McPherson, Georgia
experienced different meeting
formats and activities and they
have all been rewarding. It's
Host: Major General Julian H. Burns '70
sometimes difficult to think of new
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Forces
ways of enhancing your WPPC
Command
experience. For this we will need
your input. We want your
Guest of Honor: Lieutenant General (Ret) John
experience to continue to be
M. Pickler '65
welcoming yet informative.
This will be an exciting and
Roast Top Round of Beef with Mushroom Sauce
stimulating year! As you know, in
Dinner and two Carafes of Wine per Table
addition to our annual activities,
Dress: Army Blue or Blue Mess/Business
we will be host for the Service
Suit/Cocktail Dress (Tuxedo Optional)
Academies Military Ball. What an
honor for the Georgia WPPC! The
members of this club are critical
(Please see the WPPC-Georgia website for more
to the success of all activities.
information; you will need a printout of the flyer as your
We thank you all for continued
gate pass at Fort McPherson.)
participation as we begin this new
year! As president we can only be
cheerleaders and serve the club
Di ections to March 17 Meeting: Dobbins ARB
needs
Take I-75 north towards Chattanooga. At the 2nd exit
Dave and Robin Hawkins
north of I-285, exit #261, which is the Delk Road exit and
marked State Road 280, Lockheed, Dobbins AFB. Pass
under Delk Road, then turn right, headed west. After
(b)(6)
passing two lights, you will approach Hwy 41. Pass under
41 and exit to South 41. You will shortly see Dobbins on
your right. Enter the first gate between the plane and jet
that has the concrete barricades. YOU MUST HAVE
YOUR DRIVERS LICENCE AND CAR
INSURANCE TO ENTER THE GATE. drive straight
until you see the sign to the recreational area on your left.
HONOR
DUTY
COUNTRY
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