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The British government asked representatives
of the Greek and Turkish governments to meet with
them at Zurich to devise a solution agreeable to all
of them and, it was hoped, to the Greek and Turkish
communities. The result of these talks was the
Zurich agreements of 1959, and, when Cypriots joined
the talks a year later, the London Agreements of 1960.
These eventuated in four basic documents, agreed to
by the four -- or more properly five -- parties in-
volved, the governments of Britain, Greece, and
Turkey, and the representatives of both the Greek
and Turkish communities on the island. The last
two, as a result of all the agreements, combined
to become the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
The four documents were a Treaty of Establish-
ment of the new Republic, its Constitution, a Treaty
of Guarantee of the settlement, and a Treaty of
Alliance between Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey to main-
tain a joint military command and forces on the
island to defend it. A further explanatory word
about each of these will bring out the nature of the
settlement.
By the Treaty of Establishment Great Britain
transferred sovereignty over the island to the Re-
public of Cyprus, except for two base areas compris-
ing a little over a hundred square miles. The
treaty also vested in Great Britain auxilliary
rights to use ports, roads, and airfields and to
conduct manuevers and install communication facili-
ties in specified areas.
The Constitution was unique and ingenious. It
recognized and gave inalienable rights to the Greek
and Turkish communities. Certain actions, both legis-
lative and executive, required the separate concur-
rence of the Turkish and Greek legislators and the
Greek President and Turkish Vice President, respec-
tively. These related principally to defense,
foreign affairs, and taxation. Separate municipalities
were provided for in the five main towns. Separate
courts were to try Greeks and Turks, and mixed tri-
bunals, where both were involved. The numerical
strength of the armed forces and the percentage of
Greeks and Turks in them and in the Civil Service
were fixed by the Constitution Separate Greek and
Turkish communal chambers were established to legis-
late on matters of religion, education, culture, and
personal status.
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Document data
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"ocrText": "- 3 -\nThe British government asked representatives\nof the Greek and Turkish governments to meet with\nthem at Zurich to devise a solution agreeable to all\nof them and, it was hoped, to the Greek and Turkish\ncommunities. The result of these talks was the\nZurich agreements of 1959, and, when Cypriots joined\nthe talks a year later, the London Agreements of 1960.\nThese eventuated in four basic documents, agreed to\nby the four -- or more properly five -- parties in-\nvolved, the governments of Britain, Greece, and\nTurkey, and the representatives of both the Greek\nand Turkish communities on the island. The last\ntwo, as a result of all the agreements, combined\nto become the government of the Republic of Cyprus.\nThe four documents were a Treaty of Establish-\nment of the new Republic, its Constitution, a Treaty\nof Guarantee of the settlement, and a Treaty of\nAlliance between Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey to main-\ntain a joint military command and forces on the\nisland to defend it. A further explanatory word\nabout each of these will bring out the nature of the\nsettlement.\nBy the Treaty of Establishment Great Britain\ntransferred sovereignty over the island to the Re-\npublic of Cyprus, except for two base areas compris-\ning a little over a hundred square miles. The\ntreaty also vested in Great Britain auxilliary\nrights to use ports, roads, and airfields and to\nconduct manuevers and install communication facili-\nties in specified areas.\nThe Constitution was unique and ingenious. It\nrecognized and gave inalienable rights to the Greek\nand Turkish communities. Certain actions, both legis-\nlative and executive, required the separate concur-\nrence of the Turkish and Greek legislators and the\nGreek President and Turkish Vice President, respec-\ntively. These related principally to defense,\nforeign affairs, and taxation. Separate municipalities\nwere provided for in the five main towns. Separate\ncourts were to try Greeks and Turks, and mixed tri-\nbunals, where both were involved. The numerical\nstrength of the armed forces and the percentage of\nGreeks and Turks in them and in the Civil Service\nwere fixed by the Constitution Separate Greek and\nTurkish communal chambers were established to legis-\nlate on matters of religion, education, culture, and\npersonal status."
}