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    "label": "\"History of the Technical Assistance Programs of the Marshall Plan and Successor Agencies, 1948-1961\"",
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    "title": "\"History of the Technical Assistance Programs of the Marshall Plan and Successor Agencies, 1948-1961\"",
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    "ocrText": "78 -\nB.\nLatin American: Productivity and Industrial Development Servicios\n1.\nCosta Rica (1955), Guatemala (1954), Panama (1956), Jamaica (1957)\n8.09\nFour small Servicios were established in Latin American countries which were in the\nbeginning stages of industrialization and were seeking productivity improvement, industrial development and\nprivate investments. Costa Rica in 1955, Guatemala and Panama in 1956, and Jamaica in 1957 established\nProductivity and Technical industrial organizations which sought to utilize U.S. Productivity improvement and\nTechnical Assistance support activities which were ongoing in Western Europe. These country programs\noperated with small staffs of two to nine persons; some had National Advisory Boards; and they gave priority\nto U.S. consultant services and management training programs for their infant industries and commerce. The\nprograms utilized by the Servicios were similar to some of the Productivity programs already in place for\nWestern Europe; they included a number of Productivity Team visits to the U.S., the use of technicians from\nabroad, and a range of training seminars and technical publications. The Jamaican program in addition gave\nemphasis to the attraction of foreign investment through promotional offices in New York and London,\ndevising financial and other incentives for foreign investors, and the establishment of an Industrial Estate.\nC.\nOther Regional Productivity Centers\n1.\nTaiwan (1955), Iran (1956), Pakistan (1957), Nepal (1957), India (1958), Lebanon (1958)\n8.10\nA number of nations in the Near East, South Asia, and the Far East, each widely ranging in\npopulation, industrialization, and size, and with highly different cultures, established Productivity Centers on\nthe European model as the success of the Productivity Drives in Europe became known to them. In scale\nthese Centers ranged from those with small and restricted programs and staffs to large and ambitious\ninstitutions striving to reach and influence industry in nations of very large populations and ethnic diversity.\n8.11\nWith precedents before them of European Productivity Center organizations and tested\nprograms; and the availability of U.S. Technical Assistance services established for Western Europe, the\nsmaller nations in the region in short time periods adopted Productivity programs to fit their requirements.\nThey negotiated agreements with the U.S. for fiscal, personnel, and Technical aid support assistance.\n8.12\nIn contrast, in the larger nations in the region, months of sector surveys, consultations at the\nhighest governmental levels and lengthy planning preceded the launching of Productivity Centers.\n65/\nICA, Institutions of the Industrial Technical Cooperation Program, Washington, D.C., 1959.\n66/\nICA, Institution of the Industrial Cooperation Program, Washington, D.C., PP. 76-109, 1959.\nICA, Communications on Industrial Development and Small Industry, Washington, D.C., pp. 1-12,\n1956.\n67/\nICA, Project Proposal and Approval Summary, India National Productivity Council, Washington, D.C.,\nMarch 31, 1958."
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