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    "label": "\"History of the Technical Assistance Programs of the Marshall Plan and Successor Agencies, 1948-1961\"",
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    "title": "\"History of the Technical Assistance Programs of the Marshall Plan and Successor Agencies, 1948-1961\"",
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    "ocrText": "81 -\n8.22\nOut of this experience evolved a body of development banking concepts, including institutional\nstructure, staffing, lending procedures, and other related functions. Supporting technical assistance for this\nform of financing was developed and offered to interested nations.⁷² The purpose was to help organize a\nrange of productivity oriented-development lending institutions, extending from National Development Banks\nto specialized development loan programs for small and medium industries and even small village\nenterprises. Bilateral agreements were reached in a number of countries for a range of these institutions in\nthe next two decades.\n8.23\nU.S. technical assistance was provided to a variety of Development Lending Institutions in\nvarious regions.⁷⁴ The Marshall Plan successor agencies provided aid in all stages beginning with negotiation\nof inter-governmental agreements to form a financing institution and continuing through all set up and\noperational stages of the lending institution, including organization, structure, staffing, loan criteria, lending\nand collection procedures, accounting, and other operational requirements. Expert U.S. consultants in banking\noperations were made available. In most instances some portion of capital funds were provided.⁷⁵\n8.24\nA total of 17 development loan organizations were established by 1958 and an additional eight\nnew loan funds were in progress for 1959.⁷⁶\nF.\nProductivity for Small Industries\n8.25\nA specialized body of technical assistance was created in the mid-1950s to assist entrepreneurs\nand village cooperatives in underdeveloped nations and nations in the earliest stages of development to set\nup small enterprises incorporating appropriate productivity, which were within their managerial and\noperational capacity.⁷ The developing countries indicated to ICA basic products essential to their\nagriculture and consumer needs. Contracts were let with U.S. firms making such products to prepare manuals\nwritten in simple language containing complete plans for buildings, equipment, materials, manufacturing\noperations, budgeting, and accounting. The manuals incorporated maximum productivity for small-scale\n72/\nICA, ICA Industrial Loan Credit and Loan Guarantee Program, Washington, D.C., 1957.\n73/\nICA, ibid., and ICA, Information Relating to Selected Investment Loan Fund and Industrial\nDevelopment Proceeds, Washington, D.C., 1958, for Korea Medium Industry Development and Small\nIndustry Development programs.\n74/\nICA, Establishing an Industrial Development Bank and Center, Washington, D.C., 1961.\n75/\nICA, Information Relating to Selected Investment Loan Fund and Industrial Development Projects,\nWashington, D.C., 1958; and ICA, First International Workshop for Development Centers, October\n2 to November 3, 1959, Washington, D.C., 1959.\n76/\nICA, World-Wide Review of Industry Programs, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1958.\n77/\nICA, Communications on Small Industry, Washington, D.C., 1955.\n/\n/\nY"
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