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January 16, 1943 OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION M-2834 MEMORANDUM ON RUMORS AND RUMOR-CONTROL GROUPS Not for Publication The Office of War Information has received many requests for cooperation and information from groups which are interested in rumor control. This memorandum is written in response to such requests. It was prepared on the basis of an analysis of more than 4,500 rumors, a survey of rumors and their circulation, careful analyses of enemy propaganda since Pearl Harbor, and the experience gained in working with various rumor-control projects. Possible Dangers in Anti-Rumor Activity Fighting rumors is a complicated, technical task. It raises problems in public information, military security, and social psychology. It involves specific techniques for handling the uneasiness and hostility which any war necessarily arouses. Anti-rumor programs which are conducted without an aware- ness of the possible dangers of anti-rumor activity may tend to: a. Circulate the very rumors which are being denied. b. Circulate more rumors than are effectively denied. C. Make the community too "rumor conscious." d. Create widespread uneasiness, which is fertile soil for more rumors. e. Exaggerate the danger of enemy propaganda--creating x-8869