Comments on the Majority Opinions in the Supreme Court Decision in the Steel Case, with Attachments

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COMMENTS ON THE MAJORITY OPINIONS IN THE SUPREME ARCHIVES **RATIONAL RECORDS AMO COURT DECISION IN THE STEEL CASE l. Although not one of the six Justices upholding Judge Pine's ruling contested the validity of the Government's voluminous evidence that an extraordinary emergency faced the Nation on the eve of the steel seizure, the majority nevertheless chose to overlook this evidence and based their decision on the premise that in their opinion the situation was in no sense as urgent as past defense crises in which the Presidential powers were invoked. Only Justices Black and Douglas stated the rigid doctrine that the President could act only under specific statutory or constitutional authority, regardless of the urgency of the immediate situation. Justices Frankfurter and Burton make it clear that under other circumstances -- declared war or threat of in- vasion or immediate attack -- they might reach a different conclusion. And Justice Douglas, in a footnote, concludes that wartime seizures by the military are in a different category. Thus, by rejecting the President's judgment that the emergency crisis in the steel case warranted resort to extraordinary powers available to Presidents in the past, the Court has embarked upon a questionable practice of going behind a Presidential determination of an emergency in the face of compelling evidence that such an emergency exi sted. 2. Justices Black, Frankfurter, Burton and Jackson were very much swayed by the fact that in 1947 the Congress considered seizure