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    "label": "United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Report, Trends in Russian Foreign Policy Since World War I, A Chronology of Events from March 15, 1917 to January 1, 1947",
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    "title": "United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Report, Trends in Russian Foreign Policy Since World War I, A Chronology of Events from March 15, 1917 to January 1, 1947",
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    "ocrText": "16 TRENDS IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE WORLD WAR I\nTRENDS IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE WORLD WAR I 17\nMarch 27-France and U. S. S. R. exchange ratifications of mutual-\nmissar of Defense Tukachevsky, were executed on charge of\nassistance pact signed May 2, 1935.\nbetraying military secrets to a hostile Fascist power.\nMarch 29-U. S. S. R. and Afghanistan extend nonaggression pact for\nJuly 7-Sino-Japanese hostilities begin.\n10 years.\nJuly 17-U. S. S. R. and Germany each signs naval agreement with\nApril 7-China protests U. S. S. R.-Mongolian pact as a violation of\nGreat Britain.\nSino-Soviet Pact of 1924.\nThe treaties limited size and gun caliber of warships and pro-\nU. S. S. R. had recognized Chinese sovereignty in Outer Mon-\nvided for exchange of building plans with the British Government.\ngolia by the 1924 treaty. In response to China's protest, Soviet\nAugust 21-China and U. S. S. R. sign 5-year nonaggression pact.\ngovernment affirmed its adherence to that agreement.\nBoth parties denounced war as an instrument of national\nJune 23-At Conference of Montreux, Litvinov contends Soviet navy\npolicy and agreed not to assist aggressor nations that might at-\nshould be free to use the Straits.\ntack either of them.\nJuly 1-Litvinov defends League Covenant and sanctions system and\nSeptember 6-Soviet Government charges Italy with sinking two\nstresses the principle of the indivisibility of peace.\nRussian ships in the Mediterranean.\nJuly 18-Spanish civil war breaks out in Morocco.\nSeptember accepts invitation of France and Great Britain\nAugust 1-Purge of \"counterrevolutionaries\" charged with com-\nto attend Mediterranean Conference.\nplicity in Trotsky plot spreads throughout Russia.\nThe Conference was called to consider \"piracy\" in the Med-\nAugust 5-U.S. S. R. announces willingness to join agreement on non-\niterranean in connection with the Spanish Civil War.\nintervention in Spain, provided Portugal adheres and \"certain\nOctober 7-Turkey and U. S. S. R. sign commerce and navigation\nstates\" discontinue immediately their aid to the rebels.\ntreaty.\nAugust 25-U.S.S.R. adheres to French nonintervention proposals on\nOctober 29-Russia accepts invitation to Far Eastern Conference to\nSpain.\nbe held at Brussels.\nSeptember 2-U.S. S. R. lodges stern protest with Japan in connection\nThe Conference was called under the Nine-Power Treaty of\nwith Soviet-Manchukuo border incidents.\n1922 to consider the situation arising from the outbreak of Sino-\nSeptember --International committee on nonintervention in Spain\nJapanese hostilities.\nmeets in London, attended by U. S. S. R. and representatives of 25\nNovember 1 -Russian purge extends to the diplomatic corps during\nother countries.\nNovember.\nOctober 25-Germany and Italy establish Rome-Berlin Axis.\nNovember 16-Soviet Government accepts without qualification\nNovember 9-Montreux Convention is ratified by U. S. S. R., France,\nBritish plan for nonintervention in Spain.\nGreat Britain, Turkey, Rumania, Greece, and Yugoslavia.\nOriginally proposed on November 4, the plan provided for\nThe agreement terminated the Lausanne Treaty of 1923 and\n\"substantial\" withdrawal of foreign volunteers from Spain.\npermitted Turkey to remilitarize the Dardennelles.\nNovember 29-Litvinov condemns aggressive methods of totalitarian\nNovember 10-Japan and U. S. S. R. sign new 8-year fisheries agree-\nstates, and the weakness of the League and the Brussels Conference.\nment.\nLitvinov warned that Japan was preparing for another war\nNovember 25-Japan and Germany sign anti-Communist pact.\nand that the Soviet Union had to rely on its own strength for\nUnder the agreement, Japan and Germany undertook to\ndefense. He also declared that the U. S. S. R. had joined the\ncollaborate on measures of mutual support and assistance against\nLeague to ascertain its worth as an instrument of peace and had\ncommunist activities.\ndiscovered that other states were unwilling to combat aggression.\nDecember 5-All-Union Congress of Soviets adopts final draft of new\nDecember 20-U. S. S. R. completes double tracking of Trans-Siberian\nconstitution.\nRailway.\nThe constitution provided for: (1) direct election procedure;\n1938\n(2) proclaimed various social benefits as the right of every Soviet\ncitizen; (3) established a bicameral national legislature, with\nJanuary 12-Soviet Government requests closing of a number of con-\nrepresentation in one house based on population, in the other on\nsulates in Russia.\nnationality; (4) recognized \"freedom of service of religious cults\"\nMarch 1-U. S. S. R. and Germany extend trade agreement through\nand contained some assurances of civil liberties.\n1938.\nDecember 9-Soviet Government refuses to ratify new fisheries treaty\nMarch 13-Hitler enters Austria.\nwith Japan in view of latter's anti-Communist pact with Germany.\nMarch 17-Litvinov brands German seizure of Austria as menace and\ndeclares that Russia is prepared to participate in measures aimed\n1937\nat checking further aggression.\nMarch 17-British Cabinet rejects as \"premature\" Soviet invitation\nMay 22-U. S. S. R. claims North Pole on grounds that it was first\nto France, Great Britain, and United States to confer on possi-\nnation to establish a settlement in that vicinity.\nbilities of collective action to prevent further aggression.\nJune 1 - -Russian purge spreads to Red army.\nMay 1-May day manifesto of Comintern urges United States workers\nSoviet authorities arrested and sent to trial leading political\nto demand arms embargo against Japan.\nand military personages. Eight generals, including Vice Com-"
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