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28 TRENDS IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE WORLD WAR I TRENDS IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE WORLD WAR I 29 March 8-Ambassador Standley charges Russian people are not given September 8-Italy capitulates unconditionally and obtains armistice information about American aid to the U. S. S. R. from Great Britain, United States, and U. S. S. R. March 9-Sumner Welles disclaims Government responsibility for September 12-Seven American aircraft make emergency landing in Ambassador Standley's charge on American aid. Soviet Kamchatka and crews are interned. March 9-Moscow radio broadcasts full statement on United States September 26-An inter-Allied military-political commission, including shipments to U. S. S. R. Soviet representatives, is established at Algiers. March 25-Japan and Russia extend fisheries convention through October 12-President Roosevelt defends U. S. S. R. against Senate 1943 season. criticism over failure to give Allies bases in Siberia. April 25-U. S. S. R. breaks relations with Polish Government in October 13-Allied Powers recognize Italy as cobelligerent. exile. October 15-Stalin receives Donald Nelson. The Soviet Government charged that the Poles were in contact October 19-Conference of Cordell Hull, Eden, and Molotov opens in and accord" with Hitler in conducting a hostile press campaign Moscow. against the U. S. S. R. On November 2, an official communique covering meeting was May -Soviet Foreign Office issues statement to Anglo-Americar released. It revealed that the Allies had pledged themselves to press on Polish-Russian relations. fight until their enemies surrendered unconditionally and to con- The Foreign Office declared that in response to pro-Hitler tinue to act in unison to guarantee world peace. elements within it, the Polish Government in exile had provoked Specific accomplishments included: (1) Creation of European the Soviet Union into breaking relations. The statement insisted, advisory commission and Italian advisory committee; (2) joint however, that the U. S. S. R. did not intend to form another pledge to restore independence of Austria; and (3) agreement to Polish government on Russian territory, but expected the Polish try German war criminals. Government in exile to remedy the situation. October 22-U. S. S. R. agrees in principle to resumption of diplomatic May 3-Kosciuszko division of Polish soldiers is formed in U. S. S. R. relations with Polish Government. to fight against Germans. November 4-United States Ambassador announces to Russia estab- May 13-Union of Polish Patriots in Soviet Union, publishes declara- lishment of United States military mission to Moscow under Gen. tion of aims and activities. John Deane. May 18-Tokyo radio warns that granting of air bases in Siberia to November 9-U. S. S. R. participates in the establishment of UNRRA. United States would lead to attack by Japanese. November 6-Izvestia editorial states that Soviet-American relations May 20-Joseph Davies arrives in Moscow as personal representative are nowhere in conflict. of President Roosevelt. November 22-U. S. S. R. does not participate in Cairo conference of May 26-Russian delegation at food conference approves United China, Great Britain, and United States. States resolution for an interim food commission. The parley ended November 26 with the participants agreeing: June 4-Roosevelt tells press conference that understanding and (1) To press the war against Japan; (2) to renounce all territorial accord between himself and Stalin are excellent. claims for themselves but to strip Japan of islands acquired since June 10-Communist International is officially disbanded. 1914; (3) to restore Manchuria, Formosa, and Pescadores to On May 28, Stalin asserted that the dissolution of the Comin- China; (4) to expel Japan from all other territories taken by tern was "proper and timely" and "exposes the lie of the Hitlerites force; (5) to guarantee Korea's independence; (6) to fight until that Moscow intends to intervene in the life of other nations.' Japan surrendered unconditionally. June 15-U. S. S. R. announces reorganization of diplomatic service November 27-U. S. S. R. and Uruguay reestablish diplomatic rela- on career basis along traditional lines as of May 28. tions. June 30-U. S. S. R. and Ethiopia establish diplomatic relations. November 28-Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet at Tehran to July 4-General Sikorski is killed in an airplane crash, and Miko- discuss war and postwar problems. lajczyk becomes acting Prime Minister of Polish Government in The conferees issued a communique on December 1, in which exile. they announced determination: (1) To work together in war and July 9-In tribute to General Sikorski, Izvestia declares that U. S. S. R. peace; (2) to concert plans for defeat of Germany; (3) to seek still believes in a strong and independent Poland. cooperation and participation of all nations interested in elimi- July 13-Anti-Fascist Germans in Moscow form "Free Germany nating tyranny, slavery, oppression, and intolerance. Committee." December 6-In Kharkov, Russians hold first trial of Germans guilty July 29-Soviet Government warns Sweden and Turkey not to give of war atrocities. asylum to Mussolini and other war criminals. December 8-Reuters reports formation of Yugoslav Committee of August 21-Gromyko replaces Litvinov as Russian Ambassador to National Liberation in Moscow headed by Tito who was chosen United States. marshal of partisan army. August 26-Soviet Government recognizes French Committee of December 12-U. S. S. R. and Czechoslovakia sign treaty of friendship, National Liberation. mutual assistance, and postwar collaboration. August 26-U. S. S. R. and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.

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R. against Senate\n1943 season.\ncriticism over failure to give Allies bases in Siberia.\nApril 25-U. S. S. R. breaks relations with Polish Government in\nOctober 13-Allied Powers recognize Italy as cobelligerent.\nexile.\nOctober 15-Stalin receives Donald Nelson.\nThe Soviet Government charged that the Poles were in contact\nOctober 19-Conference of Cordell Hull, Eden, and Molotov opens in\nand accord\" with Hitler in conducting a hostile press campaign\nMoscow.\nagainst the U. S. S. R.\nOn November 2, an official communique covering meeting was\nMay -Soviet Foreign Office issues statement to Anglo-Americar\nreleased. It revealed that the Allies had pledged themselves to\npress on Polish-Russian relations.\nfight until their enemies surrendered unconditionally and to con-\nThe Foreign Office declared that in response to pro-Hitler\ntinue to act in unison to guarantee world peace.\nelements within it, the Polish Government in exile had provoked\nSpecific accomplishments included: (1) Creation of European\nthe Soviet Union into breaking relations. The statement insisted,\nadvisory commission and Italian advisory committee; (2) joint\nhowever, that the U. S. S. R. did not intend to form another\npledge to restore independence of Austria; and (3) agreement to\nPolish government on Russian territory, but expected the Polish\ntry German war criminals.\nGovernment in exile to remedy the situation.\nOctober 22-U. S. S. R. agrees in principle to resumption of diplomatic\nMay 3-Kosciuszko division of Polish soldiers is formed in U. S. S. R.\nrelations with Polish Government.\nto fight against Germans.\nNovember 4-United States Ambassador announces to Russia estab-\nMay 13-Union of Polish Patriots in Soviet Union, publishes declara-\nlishment of United States military mission to Moscow under Gen.\ntion of aims and activities.\nJohn Deane.\nMay 18-Tokyo radio warns that granting of air bases in Siberia to\nNovember 9-U. S. S. R. participates in the establishment of UNRRA.\nUnited States would lead to attack by Japanese.\nNovember 6-Izvestia editorial states that Soviet-American relations\nMay 20-Joseph Davies arrives in Moscow as personal representative\nare nowhere in conflict.\nof President Roosevelt.\nNovember 22-U. S. S. R. does not participate in Cairo conference of\nMay 26-Russian delegation at food conference approves United\nChina, Great Britain, and United States.\nStates resolution for an interim food commission.\nThe parley ended November 26 with the participants agreeing:\nJune 4-Roosevelt tells press conference that understanding and\n(1) To press the war against Japan; (2) to renounce all territorial\naccord between himself and Stalin are excellent.\nclaims for themselves but to strip Japan of islands acquired since\nJune 10-Communist International is officially disbanded.\n1914; (3) to restore Manchuria, Formosa, and Pescadores to\nOn May 28, Stalin asserted that the dissolution of the Comin-\nChina; (4) to expel Japan from all other territories taken by\ntern was \"proper and timely\" and \"exposes the lie of the Hitlerites\nforce; (5) to guarantee Korea's independence; (6) to fight until\nthat Moscow intends to intervene in the life of other nations.'\nJapan surrendered unconditionally.\nJune 15-U. S. S. R. announces reorganization of diplomatic service\nNovember 27-U. S. S. R. and Uruguay reestablish diplomatic rela-\non career basis along traditional lines as of May 28.\ntions.\nJune 30-U. S. S. R. and Ethiopia establish diplomatic relations.\nNovember 28-Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet at Tehran to\nJuly 4-General Sikorski is killed in an airplane crash, and Miko-\ndiscuss war and postwar problems.\nlajczyk becomes acting Prime Minister of Polish Government in\nThe conferees issued a communique on December 1, in which\nexile.\nthey announced determination: (1) To work together in war and\nJuly 9-In tribute to General Sikorski, Izvestia declares that U. S. S. R.\npeace; (2) to concert plans for defeat of Germany; (3) to seek\nstill believes in a strong and independent Poland.\ncooperation and participation of all nations interested in elimi-\nJuly 13-Anti-Fascist Germans in Moscow form \"Free Germany\nnating tyranny, slavery, oppression, and intolerance.\nCommittee.\"\nDecember 6-In Kharkov, Russians hold first trial of Germans guilty\nJuly 29-Soviet Government warns Sweden and Turkey not to give\nof war atrocities.\nasylum to Mussolini and other war criminals.\nDecember 8-Reuters reports formation of Yugoslav Committee of\nAugust 21-Gromyko replaces Litvinov as Russian Ambassador to\nNational Liberation in Moscow headed by Tito who was chosen\nUnited States.\nmarshal of partisan army.\nAugust 26-Soviet Government recognizes French Committee of\nDecember 12-U. S. S. R. and Czechoslovakia sign treaty of friendship,\nNational Liberation.\nmutual assistance, and postwar collaboration.\nAugust 26-U. S. S. R. and Egypt establish diplomatic relations."
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