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ORE 1-49 THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA SUMMARY Because of South Africa's strategic position, its membership in the British Com- monwealth, and the world-wide sensitiveness to the racial issues which dominate its domestic scene, the partisan politics of the Union's small white electorate take on an international significance. The coalition Government headed by Dr. Malan, which replaced the Smuts Govern- ment in an electoral upset last May, holds power by a narrow parliamentary margin. Primarily it represents the Afrikaans-speaking element, a group in which isolationism and anti-British feelings are still very strong; but it must attract some support from the English-speaking element to retain power. Malan has sought a solution for this difficulty in two major unifying policies: (a) stricter segregation of the various non- European races (a program summed up in the word apartheid) ; and (b) a belligerent South African nationalism displayed chiefly in the forum provided by the UN. In spite of a threatened split with Finance Minister Havenga and the Afrikaner Party over the constitutional means of implementing the Government racial policy, Malan has found both these issues politically popular and has forced Smuts' Opposition to yield some ground on both. The issues which unite white South Africans are among those which divide the world. Racial tensions, already on the rise throughout Africa, have been further heightened by Malan's repressive policy. Local Communists have begun to exploit this, and although their threat to the Union is not immediate, it is potentially serious, for the tensions are real, and the whites are outnumbered four to one. In the wider field of international affairs South African intransigence on the racial issue and on the control of colonial areas has provoked criticism from non-Soviet as well as from Soviet sources, and has made the country something of a propaganda liability to the US and the Western bloc. The the existence of social structure in of the countey. Iabor. Those are of various Jevels. of primition societies to They include Bantu tribesmen, as Note: The intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, Navy, and the Air Force have concurred in this report; the Intelligence Division, Department of the Army, had no com- - ment. The information herein is of 19 January 1949. 1

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    "ocrText": "ORE 1-49\nTHE POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA\nSUMMARY\nBecause of South Africa's strategic position, its membership in the British Com-\nmonwealth, and the world-wide sensitiveness to the racial issues which dominate its\ndomestic scene, the partisan politics of the Union's small white electorate take on an\ninternational significance.\nThe coalition Government headed by Dr. Malan, which replaced the Smuts Govern-\nment in an electoral upset last May, holds power by a narrow parliamentary margin.\nPrimarily it represents the Afrikaans-speaking element, a group in which isolationism\nand anti-British feelings are still very strong; but it must attract some support from\nthe English-speaking element to retain power. Malan has sought a solution for this\ndifficulty in two major unifying policies: (a) stricter segregation of the various non-\nEuropean races (a program summed up in the word apartheid) ; and (b) a belligerent\nSouth African nationalism displayed chiefly in the forum provided by the UN. In\nspite of a threatened split with Finance Minister Havenga and the Afrikaner Party over\nthe constitutional means of implementing the Government racial policy, Malan has\nfound both these issues politically popular and has forced Smuts' Opposition to yield\nsome ground on both.\nThe issues which unite white South Africans are among those which divide the\nworld. Racial tensions, already on the rise throughout Africa, have been further\nheightened by Malan's repressive policy. Local Communists have begun to exploit\nthis, and although their threat to the Union is not immediate, it is potentially serious,\nfor the tensions are real, and the whites are outnumbered four to one.\nIn the wider field of international affairs South African intransigence on the racial\nissue and on the control of colonial areas has provoked criticism from non-Soviet as\nwell as from Soviet sources, and has made the country something of a propaganda\nliability to the US and the Western bloc.\nThe\nthe\nexistence\nof\nsocial\nstructure\nin\nof\nthe\ncountey.\nIabor.\nThose are of various Jevels. of\nprimition\nsocieties\nto\nThey\ninclude\nBantu\ntribesmen,\nas\nNote: The intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, Navy, and the Air Force have\nconcurred in this report; the Intelligence Division, Department of the Army, had no com- -\nment. The information herein is of 19 January 1949.\n1"
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