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15
prising 32 cells with 32 additional cells which
With regard to the whole problem of combat
it is stated was to have been ready for opera-
aviation gasoline supply, it is most important
tion in September 1947. The sodium-lead al-
that detailed information be obtained about
loy is converted to lead tetraethyl at the Zavod
the production of tetraethyl lead and the con-
Yava plant (sometimes spelled Jarva) located
struction and operation of specialized equip-
near the village of Rolon.
ment for the production of catalytic-cracked
The details of the report, including dimen-
base stock and high-octane components such
sions of the plant, output, temperatures, and
as polymer and alkylate.
other operating conditions as well as the in-
(3) Jet Fuel.
dependent observations of others make it ap-
Ample jet fuel production facilities are avail-
pear to be reliable.
able along with sufficient crude oil supplies to
From the data shown including the derived
satisfy requirements for air force operations,
production of 1,000 liters of sodium-lead alloy
providing there are sufficient and satisfactory
per day the yield of lead tetraethyl and ethyl
jet-propelled aircraft. The availability of jet
fluid may be calculated; i.e., 1,000 liters of the
fuel is limited primarily by composition of the
alloy is found to be equivalent to a volume of
crude oil. It consists generally of naphtha,
2,350 liters lead tetraethyl per day. This can
kerosene, and light gas oil, or a mixture of any
be made up to 3,525 liters or 3,525,000 cc's of
of them. On the assumption that naphtha
ethyl fluid. At the rate of 4 cc per gal. of
is included in the motor gasoline and that jet
combat aviation gasoline this is sufficient for
fuel comprises the total kerosene and light gas
the treatment of 875,000 gallons, which is 72
oil in the crude, a maximum of 31 percent of
percent of the estimated daily production.
At
the crude, or about 10 million metric tons per
the rate of 6 cc of ethyl fluid per gallon, 48
year, may be obtained from 32.8 million metric
tons of crude oil.
percent of the production can be treated.
With the operation of the additional 32 cells,
If heavy naphtha is included with this, com-
and assuming sufficient capacity for the con-
prising about 25 percent of the gasoline, an
version of the sodium-lead alloy to lead tetra-
additional 6 percent based on the crude may
ethyl at the Oka and Kalinin plants at Dzer-
be obtained, making a total of 37 percent.
zhinsk, practically the entire present estimated
Thus, with the sacrifice of other products, a
production of combat aviation gasoline may
maximum production of approximately 12
be treated. This raises the question of the
million metric tons of jet fuel is possible and
source of supply of sodium-lead alloy at the
this should be ample for their needs. Widely
Olginsky plant in Moscow and whether addi-
scattered storage facilities point to serious at-
tional lead tetraethyl over the estimated re-
tention by the Soviet planners in this direc-
quirement is produced; also whether it is used
tion. Based on present planning, however,
in aviation gasoline of lower grade or in motor
high-octane combat aviation is in short supply
gasoline.
and the amount of jet fuel required is rela-
The reported Soviet practice of employing
tively small, indicating that the program for
large quantities of lead in aviation gasoline
jet plane production has only been partly de-
will lead to an increase of engine maintenance
veloped.
problems. Calculations of the amount of
e. Synthetic Fuel Industry.
tetraethyl lead per gallon of fuel, based on the
(1) USSR.
Soviet ethyl fluid composition, gives an ap-
The Soviet Union is apparently further ad-
proximate tetraethyl lead content of 5.5 cc
vanced on synthetic fuel development than
per gallon of fuel. The acceptable US tetra-
had been previously realized. According to
ethyl lead content is 4.6 cc per gallon. Service
the Fourth Five-Year Plan, the production of
tests conducted in the United States have
liquid fuel from coal and shale will reach 900,-
shown that the use of such quantities of lead
000 tons,¹ of which 450,000 tons will come
will decrease spark plug life, increase crank-
from shale," and 450,000 tons will be produced
case oil sludging, and increase maintenance
from coal. It is estimated that there are in
the Soviet Union 25 synthetic oil plants either
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as
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"ocrText": "TOP SECRET\n15\nprising 32 cells with 32 additional cells which\nWith regard to the whole problem of combat\nit is stated was to have been ready for opera-\naviation gasoline supply, it is most important\ntion in September 1947. The sodium-lead al-\nthat detailed information be obtained about\nloy is converted to lead tetraethyl at the Zavod\nthe production of tetraethyl lead and the con-\nYava plant (sometimes spelled Jarva) located\nstruction and operation of specialized equip-\nnear the village of Rolon.\nment for the production of catalytic-cracked\nThe details of the report, including dimen-\nbase stock and high-octane components such\nsions of the plant, output, temperatures, and\nas polymer and alkylate.\nother operating conditions as well as the in-\n(3) Jet Fuel.\ndependent observations of others make it ap-\nAmple jet fuel production facilities are avail-\npear to be reliable.\nable along with sufficient crude oil supplies to\nFrom the data shown including the derived\nsatisfy requirements for air force operations,\nproduction of 1,000 liters of sodium-lead alloy\nproviding there are sufficient and satisfactory\nper day the yield of lead tetraethyl and ethyl\njet-propelled aircraft. The availability of jet\nfluid may be calculated; i.e., 1,000 liters of the\nfuel is limited primarily by composition of the\nalloy is found to be equivalent to a volume of\ncrude oil. It consists generally of naphtha,\n2,350 liters lead tetraethyl per day. This can\nkerosene, and light gas oil, or a mixture of any\nbe made up to 3,525 liters or 3,525,000 cc's of\nof them. On the assumption that naphtha\nethyl fluid. At the rate of 4 cc per gal. of\nis included in the motor gasoline and that jet\ncombat aviation gasoline this is sufficient for\nfuel comprises the total kerosene and light gas\nthe treatment of 875,000 gallons, which is 72\noil in the crude, a maximum of 31 percent of\npercent of the estimated daily production.\nAt\nthe crude, or about 10 million metric tons per\nthe rate of 6 cc of ethyl fluid per gallon, 48\nyear, may be obtained from 32.8 million metric\ntons of crude oil.\npercent of the production can be treated.\nWith the operation of the additional 32 cells,\nIf heavy naphtha is included with this, com-\nand assuming sufficient capacity for the con-\nprising about 25 percent of the gasoline, an\nversion of the sodium-lead alloy to lead tetra-\nadditional 6 percent based on the crude may\nethyl at the Oka and Kalinin plants at Dzer-\nbe obtained, making a total of 37 percent.\nzhinsk, practically the entire present estimated\nThus, with the sacrifice of other products, a\nproduction of combat aviation gasoline may\nmaximum production of approximately 12\nbe treated. This raises the question of the\nmillion metric tons of jet fuel is possible and\nsource of supply of sodium-lead alloy at the\nthis should be ample for their needs. Widely\nOlginsky plant in Moscow and whether addi-\nscattered storage facilities point to serious at-\ntional lead tetraethyl over the estimated re-\ntention by the Soviet planners in this direc-\nquirement is produced; also whether it is used\ntion. Based on present planning, however,\nin aviation gasoline of lower grade or in motor\nhigh-octane combat aviation is in short supply\ngasoline.\nand the amount of jet fuel required is rela-\nThe reported Soviet practice of employing\ntively small, indicating that the program for\nlarge quantities of lead in aviation gasoline\njet plane production has only been partly de-\nwill lead to an increase of engine maintenance\nveloped.\nproblems. Calculations of the amount of\ne. Synthetic Fuel Industry.\ntetraethyl lead per gallon of fuel, based on the\n(1) USSR.\nSoviet ethyl fluid composition, gives an ap-\nThe Soviet Union is apparently further ad-\nproximate tetraethyl lead content of 5.5 cc\nvanced on synthetic fuel development than\nper gallon of fuel. The acceptable US tetra-\nhad been previously realized. According to\nethyl lead content is 4.6 cc per gallon. Service\nthe Fourth Five-Year Plan, the production of\ntests conducted in the United States have\nliquid fuel from coal and shale will reach 900,-\nshown that the use of such quantities of lead\n000 tons,¹ of which 450,000 tons will come\nwill decrease spark plug life, increase crank-\nfrom shale,\" and 450,000 tons will be produced\ncase oil sludging, and increase maintenance\nfrom coal. It is estimated that there are in\nthe Soviet Union 25 synthetic oil plants either\nTOP A SECRET\nas"
}