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1 20 - The personnel, materiel, and equipment were insuf- ficient to place the forces on a war footing and maintain them on that footing for an extended period. These defi- ciencies did not preclude measures which would have to a great extent frustrated the attack or mitigated its severity. A considerable number of the Army and Navy personnel were on pass or liberty December 6th, for the reason that the state of alert or of readiness demanded by the emergency had not been put into effect. With immaterial exceptions Army and Navy personnel had returned from leave and liberty hours before the attack ensued, fit for duty. Both officers and men responded immediately in the emergency and exhibited initiative, efficiency and bravery in meeting the raid. Based upon its findings of fact, the Commission reaches the following CONCLUSIONS 1. Effective utilization of the military power of the nation is essential to success in war and requires: first, the coordination of the foreign and military policies of the nation; and, second, the coordination of the operations of the Army and Navy. 2. The Secretary of State fulfilled his obligations by keeping the War and Navy Departments in close touch with the international situation and fully advising them respect- ing the course and probable termination of negotiations with Japan. 3. The Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy fulfilled their obligations by conferring frequently with the Secretary of State and with each other and by keeping the Chief of Staff and the Chief of Naval Operations informed of the course of the negotiations with Japan and the sig- nificant implications thereof. 4. The Chief of Staff and the Chief of Naval Opera- tions fulfilled their obligations by consulting and cooper- ating with each other, and with their superiors, respecting the joint defense of the Hawaiian Coastal Frontier; and each knew of and concurred in the warnings and orders sent by the other to the responsible commanders with respect to such defense. 5. The Chief of Staff of the Army fulfilled his command responsibility by issuing a direct order in con- nection with his warning of probable hostilities, in the following words: "Prior to hostile Japanese action you are directed to undertake such reconnaissance and other measures as you deem necessary." 6. The Chief of Naval Operations fulfilled his com- mand responsibility by issuing a warning and by giving a direct order to the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, in the following words: "This despatch is to be considered a war warning"; and, "Execute an appropriate defensive deploy- ment preparatory to carrying out the tasks assigned."

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    "ocrText": "1 20 -\nThe personnel, materiel, and equipment were insuf-\nficient to place the forces on a war footing and maintain\nthem on that footing for an extended period. These defi-\nciencies did not preclude measures which would have to a\ngreat extent frustrated the attack or mitigated its severity.\nA considerable number of the Army and Navy personnel\nwere on pass or liberty December 6th, for the reason that the\nstate of alert or of readiness demanded by the emergency had\nnot been put into effect. With immaterial exceptions Army\nand Navy personnel had returned from leave and liberty hours\nbefore the attack ensued, fit for duty.\nBoth officers and men responded immediately in the\nemergency and exhibited initiative, efficiency and bravery\nin meeting the raid.\nBased upon its findings of fact, the Commission\nreaches the following\nCONCLUSIONS\n1. Effective utilization of the military power of\nthe nation is essential to success in war and requires:\nfirst, the coordination of the foreign and military policies\nof the nation; and, second, the coordination of the operations\nof the Army and Navy.\n2. The Secretary of State fulfilled his obligations\nby keeping the War and Navy Departments in close touch with\nthe international situation and fully advising them respect-\ning the course and probable termination of negotiations with\nJapan.\n3. The Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy\nfulfilled their obligations by conferring frequently with the\nSecretary of State and with each other and by keeping the\nChief of Staff and the Chief of Naval Operations informed\nof the course of the negotiations with Japan and the sig-\nnificant implications thereof.\n4.\nThe Chief of Staff and the Chief of Naval Opera-\ntions fulfilled their obligations by consulting and cooper-\nating with each other, and with their superiors, respecting\nthe joint defense of the Hawaiian Coastal Frontier; and each\nknew of and concurred in the warnings and orders sent by\nthe other to the responsible commanders with respect to such\ndefense.\n5. The Chief of Staff of the Army fulfilled his\ncommand responsibility by issuing a direct order in con-\nnection with his warning of probable hostilities, in the\nfollowing words: \"Prior to hostile Japanese action you are\ndirected to undertake such reconnaissance and other measures\nas you deem necessary.\"\n6.\nThe Chief of Naval Operations fulfilled his com-\nmand responsibility by issuing a warning and by giving a\ndirect order to the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, in\nthe following words: \"This despatch is to be considered a\nwar warning\"; and, \"Execute an appropriate defensive deploy-\nment preparatory to carrying out the tasks assigned.\""
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