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-22- -23- "I believe that this favor, now regarded, not without reason, as a right, should be granted. Its the United States or in Porto Rico contemplates denial is the only occasion of serious grievance in statehood for the island as the ultimate form of the administration of the island, 11 " relations between us. Stimson's successor, Secretary L. M Carrison, in his Mr. Felix Frankfurter, then a Law Officer of the annual report for 1913, attributed the Senate's negative Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department, in a action to a petition by the House of Delegates not to memorandum of March 11, 1914 for the Secretary of War, pass the bill, for reasons, said the Secretary, "not made entitled, 'The political status of Porto Rico" endeav- clear to this department". l The reasons can be traced to ored to prove that citizenship and status are two the circumstance that while the Federal officials made a distinct concepts. He said in part: 1 strict differentiation between citizenship and the constitutional status of the island, its inhabitants, or Such grant of citizenship merely their spokesmen, sought to establish a connection between gives legal expression and recognized dignity to the two, an insistent living state of facts. It gives Porto Ricans a securer technical international Secretary of War Stimson, in recommending in 1911 the standing; it epitomizes and confirms the sentiment granting of citizenship, added: of loyalty which they share with us. The formal grant of citizenship is but a recognition of this "But it is to be carefully remembered that tie, and the means of cementing it. The grant this demand for citizenship must be, and in the of citizenship is a means of removing a great minds of Porto Ricans is, entirely dissociated from source of political unrest in the island; is a any thought of statehood. It is safe to say that means of satisfying a sentiment of deep signifi- no substantial, approved public opinion in the cance to the welfare of the island By making United States, or even in Porto Rico; contemplates the Porto Ricans citizens of the United States statehood for the island as the ultimate form of you make them citizens of the United States, and relation between us and Porto Rico, not, incidentally, Porto Rico--an eventual State of the Union. He expressed himself identically the following year: 3 He added that the method of conferring citizenship--or "As I stated in my last report, the grant of a collective or individual basis--was purely a matter citizenship does not, and should not, postulate of administrative discretion, expressing, however, a eventual statehood for Porto Rico. 11 preference for the latter method. President Taft shared the Secretary's views: 4 Secretary Garrison pointed out that the status con- ferred on the Puerto Ricans was a new one in American "But it should be remembered that the demand history and "a very unusual one anywhere", even prompting must be, and in the minds of most Porto Ricans is, lawyers to argue, in the absence of any court decision, entirely dissociated from any thought on statehood. that the Puerto Ricans were in fact American citizens. 2 I believe that no substantial approved opinion in 1 Civil Government for Porto Rico; Hearings, pp. 23-24. 1 Ibid., 1913, I, 41, 2 Ibid., p. 18. 2 Ibid., 1911, I, 44. 3 Ibid., 1912, I. 42. 4 Message to Congress of December 6, 1912, Congression- al Record, vol. 49, part 1, Dec. 6, 1912, p. 208.

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    "ocrText": "-22-\n-23-\n\"I believe that this favor, now regarded, not\nwithout reason, as a right, should be granted. Its\nthe United States or in Porto Rico contemplates\ndenial is the only occasion of serious grievance in\nstatehood for the island as the ultimate form of\nthe administration of the island, 11\n\"\nrelations between us.\nStimson's successor, Secretary L. M Carrison, in his\nMr. Felix Frankfurter, then a Law Officer of the\nannual report for 1913, attributed the Senate's negative\nBureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department, in a\naction to a petition by the House of Delegates not to\nmemorandum of March 11, 1914 for the Secretary of War,\npass the bill, for reasons, said the Secretary, \"not made\nentitled, 'The political status of Porto Rico\" endeav-\nclear to this department\". l The reasons can be traced to\nored to prove that citizenship and status are two\nthe circumstance that while the Federal officials made a\ndistinct concepts. He said in part:\n1\nstrict differentiation between citizenship and the\nconstitutional status of the island, its inhabitants, or\nSuch grant of citizenship merely\ntheir spokesmen, sought to establish a connection between\ngives legal expression and recognized dignity to\nthe two,\nan insistent living state of facts. It gives\nPorto Ricans a securer technical international\nSecretary of War Stimson, in recommending in 1911 the\nstanding; it epitomizes and confirms the sentiment\ngranting of citizenship, added:\nof loyalty which they share with us.\nThe formal\ngrant of citizenship is but a recognition of this\n\"But it is to be carefully remembered that\ntie, and the means of cementing it.\nThe grant\nthis demand for citizenship must be, and in the\nof citizenship is a means of removing a great\nminds of Porto Ricans is, entirely dissociated from\nsource of political unrest in the island; is a\nany thought of statehood. It is safe to say that\nmeans of satisfying a sentiment of deep signifi-\nno substantial, approved public opinion in the\ncance to the welfare of the island\nBy making\nUnited States, or even in Porto Rico; contemplates\nthe Porto Ricans citizens of the United States\nstatehood for the island as the ultimate form of\nyou make them citizens of the United States, and\nrelation between us and Porto Rico,\nnot, incidentally, Porto Rico--an eventual State\nof the Union.\nHe expressed himself identically the following year: 3\nHe added that the method of conferring citizenship--or\n\"As I stated in my last report, the grant of\na collective or individual basis--was purely a matter\ncitizenship does not, and should not, postulate\nof administrative discretion, expressing, however, a\neventual statehood for Porto Rico.\n11\npreference for the latter method.\nPresident Taft shared the Secretary's views: 4\nSecretary Garrison pointed out that the status con-\nferred on the Puerto Ricans was a new one in American\n\"But it should be remembered that the demand\nhistory and \"a very unusual one anywhere\", even prompting\nmust be, and in the minds of most Porto Ricans is,\nlawyers to argue, in the absence of any court decision,\nentirely dissociated from any thought on statehood.\nthat the Puerto Ricans were in fact American citizens. 2\nI believe that no substantial approved opinion in\n1 Civil Government for Porto Rico; Hearings, pp. 23-24.\n1 Ibid., 1913, I, 41,\n2 Ibid., p. 18.\n2 Ibid., 1911, I, 44.\n3 Ibid., 1912, I. 42.\n4\nMessage to Congress of December 6, 1912, Congression-\nal Record, vol. 49, part 1, Dec. 6, 1912, p. 208."
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