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it. Foreign technical advisers are brought into Turkey, state funds are provided to
improve and expand educational institutions in the country, and students are sent
abroad at government expense for advanced educational studies.
The Turks are at present gaining greater political freedom and an increasingly
powerful and articulate place in the conduct of political affairs. Some of them are
beginning to believe that the time is opportune for a reassessment of the individual's
place in the national economy. While some strengthening of private enterprise is
not unlikely, however, there is as yet no positive evidence that the economic freedom
of the Turk will soon become commensurate with his increased political liberty. The
prevailing étatist system is very strongly established.
2.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
The topography of Turkey consists, broadly speaking, of mountainous plateaus;
the highest ranges are around the Anatolian perimeter, and the richer arable lands
are in river valleys, on the coastal plains, and in Turkish Thrace. (See Appendix A.)
Estimates of the amount of land under cultivation vary widely, but it is probable
that about one-tenth of Turkey's total area is cultivated-although the potentially
arable land may be as much as one third of the total area. The following figures for
1944, compiled by the Turkish Government, are perhaps fairly accurate, but they
should be accepted with reserve (the percentage given for pasture, for example, is
probably much too great) :
Percent
Land under cultivation
10.41
Fallow land
6.19
Pasture land
50.22
Orchards, tree and forest land
17.09
Marshes and lakes
1.27
Unproductive land
14.82
Total
100.00
Rainfall on the plateaus is often insufficient, and the country is subject to occasional
drought. Agricultural methods are primitive, and the land must periodically be left
fallow and unproductive, owing to the fact that fertilizers are not extensively used.
All of these factors tend to reduce the amount of land under cultivation.
The central plateau is largely devoid of trees because of the shortage of rain,
the damage done to young trees by pastured animals, and the lack of any large-scale
plans for conservation. There are, however, some thick forests (chiefly near the
coasts), though no adequate measures have yet been taken to repair the damages
caused by centuries of reckless treatment of this potentially valuable resource.
Fish are plentiful in the sea waters around Turkey and also in some of the rivers
and lakes. By far the greater part of the catch is for local consumption. The value
of this resource to the national economy may be substantially increased under a de-
11
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"ocrText": "SECRET\nit. Foreign technical advisers are brought into Turkey, state funds are provided to\nimprove and expand educational institutions in the country, and students are sent\nabroad at government expense for advanced educational studies.\nThe Turks are at present gaining greater political freedom and an increasingly\npowerful and articulate place in the conduct of political affairs. Some of them are\nbeginning to believe that the time is opportune for a reassessment of the individual's\nplace in the national economy. While some strengthening of private enterprise is\nnot unlikely, however, there is as yet no positive evidence that the economic freedom\nof the Turk will soon become commensurate with his increased political liberty. The\nprevailing étatist system is very strongly established.\n2.\nNATURAL RESOURCES.\nThe topography of Turkey consists, broadly speaking, of mountainous plateaus;\nthe highest ranges are around the Anatolian perimeter, and the richer arable lands\nare in river valleys, on the coastal plains, and in Turkish Thrace. (See Appendix A.)\nEstimates of the amount of land under cultivation vary widely, but it is probable\nthat about one-tenth of Turkey's total area is cultivated-although the potentially\narable land may be as much as one third of the total area. The following figures for\n1944, compiled by the Turkish Government, are perhaps fairly accurate, but they\nshould be accepted with reserve (the percentage given for pasture, for example, is\nprobably much too great) :\nPercent\nLand under cultivation\n10.41\nFallow land\n6.19\nPasture land\n50.22\nOrchards, tree and forest land\n17.09\nMarshes and lakes\n1.27\nUnproductive land\n14.82\nTotal\n100.00\nRainfall on the plateaus is often insufficient, and the country is subject to occasional\ndrought. Agricultural methods are primitive, and the land must periodically be left\nfallow and unproductive, owing to the fact that fertilizers are not extensively used.\nAll of these factors tend to reduce the amount of land under cultivation.\nThe central plateau is largely devoid of trees because of the shortage of rain,\nthe damage done to young trees by pastured animals, and the lack of any large-scale\nplans for conservation. There are, however, some thick forests (chiefly near the\ncoasts), though no adequate measures have yet been taken to repair the damages\ncaused by centuries of reckless treatment of this potentially valuable resource.\nFish are plentiful in the sea waters around Turkey and also in some of the rivers\nand lakes. By far the greater part of the catch is for local consumption. The value\nof this resource to the national economy may be substantially increased under a de-\n11\nSECRET"
}