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SECRET 6 the whole experiment of European unification militarization is eventually permitted, it prob- hinges upon finding an effective means of ably will be restricted to military units of di- utilizing German resources while preventing visional size permanently assigned to the West- another upsurge of German aggression. It ern defense force under NATO command, and remains questionable whether the movement German units would be kept at a fixed ratio to toward a unified Western European-US effort the forces of the other participating nations. can become sufficiently operative in time to In any case, West Germany probably will be achieve the objectives that are essential to US called on to furnish steel, raw materials, and security. finished goods not exclusively of a military na- d. German Rearmament. ture, permitting the other Western nations to devote a larger proportion of their industrial The increase in the tempo of Western Euro- output to munitions. pean preparations for defense has made more urgent some decision on the question of Ger- Meanwhile, the Germans are increasingly man rearmament. Recreation of an inde- gaining a position to exact a high political pendent national army and a full-scale muni- price for the services that they can render to tions industry in West Germany has been Western Europe and the US. The initiative clearly rejected by all the North Atlantic Pact for making or breaking the progress of West- (NATO) nations and the majority of the Ger- ern Europe toward an effective defense against mans themselves. Nevertheless, all the West- the USSR is passing into German hands as ern European countries, including France and time goes on. Increasing NAT emphasis on Germany, have recognized the ultimate need the necessity of securing the cooperation of for West German industrial and military con- German manpower and military materiel to tributions to the common defense of Western stop a possible Soviet advance has enabled Europe. Present French opposition relates to the Germans, who are determined to make the the timing rather than the principle of Ger- most of the opportunity, to recover an appre- man rearmament, although the French atti- ciable measure of control over their external tude is holding up a firm decision. The and internal affairs. The Adenauer govern- French maintain that West German militari- ment already has shown indications of its zation may result in reduced cooperation on use of the leverage given it by the US position the part of the German Federal Government, and the need for German steel, to influence revived military spirit among the German the course of such efforts toward European people, and increased Soviet suspicions of the integration as the Schuman Plan. Thus, with military designs of the Western allies. Al- the prospect of increased coal and steel or- though not "irrevocably opposed" to German ders, as well as the removal of restrictions to remilitarization at a later date, the French meet the needs of the Western rearmament advocate prior development of a strong NATO effort, the Germans no longer see the same army, a large NATO stockpile of munitions, advantages in merging their industry with the and a firmly integrated command structure less efficient French, Belgian, and Italian ones under the Schuman Plan. prior to the organization and training of any German units. French opposition probably Nevertheless, German sentiment tends to will weaken as a result of pressure by the favor participation in a Western defense force. other NATO countries, particularly if the US West Germany desires remilitarization not were to guarantee both rapid delivery of arms only for reasons of security but also for the and equipment for the expanded NATO forces increased prestige and bargaining power it now envisioned, and the creation of positive would gain by sharing in the common defense safeguards against eventual German domi- effort. Thus, while seeking in every way to nance of an integrated Western force. The get an equal role in the Western community, other NATO nations generally consider Ger- the Adenauer government is firmly committed man remilitarization essential to European se- to the Western European camp. If interna- curity and would probably consent to any tional tension continues to be high, it prob- formula acceptable to France. If German re- ably will impel the Atlantic community to find DEGLASSIFIED SECRET O. 11652, Sec. 3(E) and 5(D) or (E) C.I.A. OSD letter, 3.31-27 By NARS Date $ 12.77

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    "ocrText": "SECRET\n6\nthe whole experiment of European unification\nmilitarization is eventually permitted, it prob-\nhinges upon finding an effective means of\nably will be restricted to military units of di-\nutilizing German resources while preventing\nvisional size permanently assigned to the West-\nanother upsurge of German aggression. It\nern defense force under NATO command, and\nremains questionable whether the movement\nGerman units would be kept at a fixed ratio to\ntoward a unified Western European-US effort\nthe forces of the other participating nations.\ncan become sufficiently operative in time to\nIn any case, West Germany probably will be\nachieve the objectives that are essential to US\ncalled on to furnish steel, raw materials, and\nsecurity.\nfinished goods not exclusively of a military na-\nd. German Rearmament.\nture, permitting the other Western nations to\ndevote a larger proportion of their industrial\nThe increase in the tempo of Western Euro-\noutput to munitions.\npean preparations for defense has made more\nurgent some decision on the question of Ger-\nMeanwhile, the Germans are increasingly\nman rearmament. Recreation of an inde-\ngaining a position to exact a high political\npendent national army and a full-scale muni-\nprice for the services that they can render to\ntions industry in West Germany has been\nWestern Europe and the US. The initiative\nclearly rejected by all the North Atlantic Pact\nfor making or breaking the progress of West-\n(NATO) nations and the majority of the Ger-\nern Europe toward an effective defense against\nmans themselves. Nevertheless, all the West-\nthe USSR is passing into German hands as\nern European countries, including France and\ntime goes on. Increasing NAT emphasis on\nGermany, have recognized the ultimate need\nthe necessity of securing the cooperation of\nfor West German industrial and military con-\nGerman manpower and military materiel to\ntributions to the common defense of Western\nstop a possible Soviet advance has enabled\nEurope. Present French opposition relates to\nthe Germans, who are determined to make the\nthe timing rather than the principle of Ger-\nmost of the opportunity, to recover an appre-\nman rearmament, although the French atti-\nciable measure of control over their external\ntude is holding up a firm decision. The\nand internal affairs. The Adenauer govern-\nFrench maintain that West German militari-\nment already has shown indications of its\nzation may result in reduced cooperation on\nuse of the leverage given it by the US position\nthe part of the German Federal Government,\nand the need for German steel, to influence\nrevived military spirit among the German\nthe course of such efforts toward European\npeople, and increased Soviet suspicions of the\nintegration as the Schuman Plan. Thus, with\nmilitary designs of the Western allies. Al-\nthe prospect of increased coal and steel or-\nthough not \"irrevocably opposed\" to German\nders, as well as the removal of restrictions to\nremilitarization at a later date, the French\nmeet the needs of the Western rearmament\nadvocate prior development of a strong NATO\neffort, the Germans no longer see the same\narmy, a large NATO stockpile of munitions,\nadvantages in merging their industry with the\nand a firmly integrated command structure\nless efficient French, Belgian, and Italian ones\nunder the Schuman Plan.\nprior to the organization and training of any\nGerman units. French opposition probably\nNevertheless, German sentiment tends to\nwill weaken as a result of pressure by the\nfavor participation in a Western defense force.\nother NATO countries, particularly if the US\nWest Germany desires remilitarization not\nwere to guarantee both rapid delivery of arms\nonly for reasons of security but also for the\nand equipment for the expanded NATO forces\nincreased prestige and bargaining power it\nnow envisioned, and the creation of positive\nwould gain by sharing in the common defense\nsafeguards against eventual German domi-\neffort. Thus, while seeking in every way to\nnance of an integrated Western force. The\nget an equal role in the Western community,\nother NATO nations generally consider Ger-\nthe Adenauer government is firmly committed\nman remilitarization essential to European se-\nto the Western European camp. If interna-\ncurity and would probably consent to any\ntional tension continues to be high, it prob-\nformula acceptable to France. If German re-\nably will impel the Atlantic community to find\nDEGLASSIFIED\nSECRET\nO. 11652, Sec. 3(E) and 5(D) or (E)\nC.I.A.\nOSD\nletter,\n3.31-27\nBy\nNARS\nDate\n$ 12.77"
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