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    "localId": "486498019",
    "label": "Report, OSI - 1/49, Central Intelligence Agency, An Estimate of Swedish Capabilities in Science",
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    "title": "Report, OSI - 1/49, Central Intelligence Agency, An Estimate of Swedish Capabilities in Science",
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        "President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration)",
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            "day": 9,
            "logicalDate": "1949-08-09",
            "month": 8,
            "year": 1949
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{
    "seq": 17,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
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    "ocrText": "SECRET\ndevelopment, however, Sweden should remain relatively undeveloped by US standards\nin the next five years.\n(5) Engines\nA new pulse-jet engine consisting of ten ducts joined to form a cylinder is\nunder development. This is a possible power plant for guided missiles. Also under\ndevelopment is an axial-flow turbine with eight stages of compression and a single-stage\nturbine. High-temperature-alloy research (for 800°C) is centered on steels of com-\nposition similar to those of interest in the US. Lack of research on ceramic materials\nfor high-temperature application is evident.\nBy 1954 it is not likely that any of these developments will have reached\nfinal-design stages. There is no evidence that new lines of research to develop new\nhigh-temperature materials, including ceramics, will be undertaken.\n(6) Wind Tunnels\nA rather extensive wind-tunnel construction program is under way in\nSweden. Consequently, good quality research on modern aerodynamics is in the\noffing. Much attention will be given to problems of stability, boundary-layer problem,\nswept-back wings, air intakes, etc. This program appears to be well-rounded, and\nboth low-speed and high-speed (mach 4) tunnels should be available by 1954. Although\nmost of the installations will be small-throat, the largest 13 X 13 in. (possiby one with\n20-in. test section), they will comprehend both subsonic and supersonic flow. By 1954\nit is likely that Sweden will have in operation two low-velocity tunnels, three subsonic\ntunnels, and six supersonic wind tunnels. At least two of the latter are likely to be\nthoroughly equipped for research on all phases of aerodynamics and ballistics.\n(7) Metallurgy\nThe metallurgical industry in Sweden is founded on specialty products,\nsuch as high quality steel. Metallurgists are more comprehensively trained than in\nthe United States, and exceptional craftsmanship is found in the high-temperature-\nalloy steel field. Areas of prominent research are in the improvement of quality of\nsteels and steel alloys, particularly for resistances to high temperatures and those best\nproduced in electric furnaces.\nIn the next five years Sweden is expected to retain its prominence in steel\nand steel-alloy metallurgy and to forge ahead in methods of producing sponge iron,\nwhich is a base material for electrometallurgical processes for the production of su-\nperior and high-quality steels.\n(8) Precision Equipment\nWartime restriction of imports from Germany led Sweden to develop\nmuch of its own precision equipment. Production increases of 100 to 300 percent since\nthe start of World War II are reported. Particular advances were made in automatic\nand regulating industrial devices with their auxiliary servomechanisms. In antifric-\ntion bearings and their applications, Sweden dominates the entire world with the\nexception of the US. Significant deficiencies are still apparent in electronic instru-\nmentation, optical equipment, and glass technology. By 1954 essentially the same\nrelative picture should be presented with the possible exception of improvement in the\nelectronic aspects of instrumentation if more technicians are trained.\n(9) Fuels and Lubricants\nLacking coal and petroleum Sweden has been forced to produce fuels and\nlubricants from deposits of shale oil, and to supplement this with the blending of sulphite\nalcohol from the paper and pulp industry. In the technology of oil production from\nshale Sweden leads the world. During the next five years no significant change in the\nfuel and lubricant picture should occur.\nSECRET\n10"
}