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    "label": "Report, OSI - 1/49, Central Intelligence Agency, An Estimate of Swedish Capabilities in Science",
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    "title": "Report, OSI - 1/49, Central Intelligence Agency, An Estimate of Swedish Capabilities in Science",
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    "ocrText": "SECRET\natomic energy as a substitute for coal, oil, and wood, and to supplement hydroelectric\npower.\nMore than in other western countries, the scientific academies in Sweden play a\ndominant role in scientific affairs. Supported by state and private funds, the two prin-\ncipal academies have established a number of research institutes in pure and applied\nscience. The Royal Academy of Science. has close relations with the Nobel Foundation\nand has the important task of selecting candidates for the Nobel prizes in physics and\nchemistry. Two of the academy's most important research establishments are Manne\nSiegbahn's Institute for Experimental Research in Physics, and Bror Holmberg's Insti-\ntute of Organic Chemistry. Both are financed by funds from the Nobel Foundation.\nThe Academy of Science also operates a number of institutions, such as the Stockholms\nObservatorium (Stockholm Observatory), Kristinebergs Zoologiska Station (Kristine-\nberg Station of Marine Zoology), and Abisko Naturvetenskapliga Station (Abisko Natu-\nral Science Station), and supervises Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Museum of Natural\nHistory).\nIngeniörsvetenskapsakademien (The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sci-\nences) (IVA) acts as a learned society for the encouragement of scientific engineering\nresearch, as a clearing house for research in this field and a home for committees, and\nto establish a general research service. As a learned society, the IVA has 130-135 active\nmembers, conducts meetings, makes awards, and publishes proceedings and a small\nbimonthly journal, The IVA, devoted to organised research. Some of the academy's\nproposals have led to the establishment of state laboratories, others to the formation of\nresearch commissions which study such subjects as welding, corrosion, acetylene engi-\nneering, lightning protection, and the militarily important sub-economic fuels; wood,\npeat, and shale. An important task of the academy is to combine state grants with\nvoluntary contributions of funds, matériel, and work. Among other activities of the\nIVA may be mentioned the Researchers' Contact Organization, devoted to the study of\norganising research. About 300 contact men, occupying central positions in institutes\nor laboratories, and reporting back to a central secretariat, act as contact for specialists\nin diverse fields. Another branch of the research service of the IVA is the establishment\nby government grants of an Experiment Station, which cost over one million kronor\n($250,000.00) and is about 11,000 cubic meters in size. Important fuel research was\ncarried out here during World War II; at present several independent research groups\nare working on charcoal, peat, shale oil, coal tar, and atomic energy.\nAdditional learned societies similar to those mentioned above are K. Lantbruks-\nakademien (The Royal Academy of Agriculture) and K. Krigsvetenskapsakademien\n(The Royal Academy of Military Sciences). Two other bodies of comparable status are\nK. Vetenskapssocieteten (The Royal Society of Science) at Uppsala and K. Fysiografiska\nSallskapet (The Royal Physiographic Society) at Lund.\nAdvanced scientific education in Sweden is mostly concentrated in two state uni-\nversities (University of Lund and University of Uppsala), one smaller, private univer-\nsity (Stockholms Hogskola), and two technological institutions, K. Tekniska Hogskolan\n(Royal Institute of Technology, KTH) and Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola (Chalmers\nInstitute of Technology, CTH). Stockholm has also a number of independent schools\nof applied sciences for medicine, odontology, veterinary science, pharmacy, and forestry.\nThe universities, as well as the Karolinska Mediko-kirurgiska Institute (Caroline Insti-\ntute) and Tandlakarinstitutet (Dental Institute), are supervised by a government offi-\ncial, the chancellor of the Universities; the two technical institutes are governed by a\ncommon board of directors composed of representatives from both State and Industry.\nSwedish professors in the universities and technical schools are often the heads of\nindividual institutes, some of the most noted of which are Theodor Svedberg's Institute\nSECRET\n14"
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