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    "label": "Report, Central Intelligence Agency, Spain, Situation Report 11",
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    "title": "Report, Central Intelligence Agency, Spain, Situation Report 11",
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        {
            "day": 15,
            "logicalDate": "1948-11-15",
            "month": 11,
            "year": 1948
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    "seq": 21,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
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    "ocrText": "SECRET\nLong famed in Spanish history, the Civil Guard has a record of severity as the\nguardian of any government to which its loyalty is pledged. Its present strength is\n60,000. Its personnel and pay administration are handled by the Army, but its opera-\ntions are under the control of the Ministry of the Government.\nLocal government also comes under the authority of this Ministry. In contrast\nto the traditional autonomy of the old Spanish communities, the central government\nand the Falange jointly control local administration. Each of Spain's fifty provinces\nis administered by a Civil Governor who represents the central Government and is also\nthe Provincial Chief of the Falange. These appointments are made by General Franco.\nMayors of municipalities owe their appointment to the Minister of Government. Mu-\nnicipal elections, promised by the government in 1945, are to be held in November 1948,\naccording to recent announcement.\nThe Ministry of Education controls public education and information.\nThrough the Subsecretariat of Popular Education, it issues government policy state-\nments, censors all newspapers, radio broadcasts, books, magazines, motion pictures,\nand the legitimate theater; and promulgates directives which must be obeyed by all\nSpanish press agencies. It also issues press cards to foreign correspondents. While\ntheir despatches are not subject to censorship, the Ministry can and sometimes does\nwithdraw the cards of correspondents whose articles are considered \"inaccurate\" or\n\"unfriendly to the regime.\"\nEducation is state controlled. The Ministry of Education has administrative\nsupervision while the Church greatly influences policy. The preparation of all text-\nbooks is supervised by the Falange. Instruction in Catholic doctrine is compulsory in\nall grades, including the universities. The Spanish secondary schools approximate US\nhigh school and junior college grades and provide their graduates with a Bachelor's\ndegree. Private secondary schools, largely operated by religious orders, far outnumber\nstate schools.\nThe law places in the Falange the responsibility for indoctrination of all stu-\ndents in the principles of the National Syndicalist Movement. Students enrolled in the\ntwelve state universities (there are no private universities) are compelled to maintain\nmembership in the Falange Syndicate of University Students.\nThe law provides for compulsory school attendance in the lower grades, and\nthe government is making efforts to overcome Spain's age-old blight of illiteracy and\nignorance. Progress is slow, however, as funds for education are meager, and the\nattendance law is not enforced. School facilities are inadequate; most instructors are\nselected for their Party or Church loyalty rather than for their technical qualification.\nGovernment efforts to regiment the cultural life of the country by assuming\nrestrictive control over such institutions as the National Academies and former liberal\nforums retard creative effort and critical capacity. The arts are not flourishing, and\nthe creative and critical spirit in literature is largely subordinated to repetitious glorifi-\ncation of ancient Spain, attacks on nineteenth century liberalism, and defense of the\nNational Movement and the Franco regime.\nThe Ministry of Labor desires to bring every Spanish worker under its super-\nvision and protection. The Ministry fixes wages and hours, regulates working condi-\n9\nSECRET"
}