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in Catalonia centering on Barcelona, in which grew up a large textile
industry, and the Bilbao area in the Basque country, where an iron
and steel industry developed. As both these regions were progressing
more rapidly than the rest of Spain, they tended to develop, on the
basis of ethnic and language differences, Basque and Catalan move-
ments for autonomy. In Catalonia, moreover, the anarchist ideas
of Bakunin found wide response among the uneducated workers attracted
to Catalonia from less prosperous provinces. In Madrid, at the
same time, Pablo Iglesias, influenced by Karl Marx, was founding
the Spanish Socialist movement. Both the anarchists and the socialists
developed trade unionism.
3.
The First World War to the Republic.
The 1914-1918 war, although it did not directly involve Spain,
affected Spanish life because it provided an artificial stimulus
to industry. An expanding industrialism widened the influence of
the anarcho-syndicalists and the socialists, and accentuated the
contrasts in Spanish society. Leftist intellectuals began to point
out that the monarchy rested on three pillars of reaction: the
Church, the Army, and the aristocracy. These groups, they said,
governed the country in their own interest. The people received
neither education nor good wages. Capital was squandered abroad by
-6-
ESTRICTED
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"ocrText": "in Catalonia centering on Barcelona, in which grew up a large textile\nindustry, and the Bilbao area in the Basque country, where an iron\nand steel industry developed. As both these regions were progressing\nmore rapidly than the rest of Spain, they tended to develop, on the\nbasis of ethnic and language differences, Basque and Catalan move-\nments for autonomy. In Catalonia, moreover, the anarchist ideas\nof Bakunin found wide response among the uneducated workers attracted\nto Catalonia from less prosperous provinces. In Madrid, at the\nsame time, Pablo Iglesias, influenced by Karl Marx, was founding\nthe Spanish Socialist movement. Both the anarchists and the socialists\ndeveloped trade unionism.\n3.\nThe First World War to the Republic.\nThe 1914-1918 war, although it did not directly involve Spain,\naffected Spanish life because it provided an artificial stimulus\nto industry. An expanding industrialism widened the influence of\nthe anarcho-syndicalists and the socialists, and accentuated the\ncontrasts in Spanish society. Leftist intellectuals began to point\nout that the monarchy rested on three pillars of reaction: the\nChurch, the Army, and the aristocracy. These groups, they said,\ngoverned the country in their own interest. The people received\nneither education nor good wages. Capital was squandered abroad by\n-6-\nESTRICTED"
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