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right-wing (Saragat) Socialists split off in January 1947 (see Nenni). Lombardo did
not want to split Socialist strength further by leaving the Nenni group until a strong
moderate Socialist following could be drawn from both Socialist parties. His increased
prestige, because of his successful visit to the US, and the confusion within the pre-
viously pro-Communist Socialist ranks following the Cominform announcement in Oc-
tober 1947, appears to heighten his chance of forming such a party of moderate Leftists.*
in his vigorous stand against a Socialist-Communist voting bloc in the 1948 spring
national elections.
Carlo SFORZA, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Republican) (Age 75)
A classic career diplomat, Sforza has held many important posts at home and
abroad. He is familiar with both France and England, and speaks both languages. In
May 1940, Sforza wrote a letter to the King of Italy warning him against going to war
with Great Britain and France. Since the end of World War II he has warmly advo-
cated resumption of cordial relations with France, especially in the form of a Franco-
Italian customs union. A strong anti-Fascist, he lived in exile from 1926 until 1940,
when he came to America following the fall of France and played a leading role in the
"Free Italy" movement launched soon after his arrival. Also an anti-monarchist, he
refused, on his return to Italy following the armistice of September 1943, to take part
in the Cabinet unless King Victor Emmanuel would abdicate. Presumably because of
this anti-monarchy and anti-Badoglio stand, his appointment as Foreign Minister
under Bonomi was twice vetoed by the British Government. His relations with Great
Britain, however, have improved since the establishment of the Italian Republic, and
he is recently returned from what were apparently profitable discussions in London
regarding disposition of Italy's fleet and former colonies.
As Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sforza is said to have expedited retirement of ex-
Fascists and monarchists as well as of various fellow-travelers. Sforza has, as befits his
Ministry, asked for revision of the Italian Peace Treaty. He supports the Marshall Plan,
and headed the Italian group which entered vigorously into discussion of European
cooperation at the Paris meeting in the summer of 1947. He is presently the leading
advocate of a federation of Europe.
Cipriano FACCHINETTI, Minister of National Defense (Republican) (Age 49)
A propagandist of Wilson's theory of international peace, Facchinetti founded the
pro-American Fasci Wilsoniani in 1919. In 1926 he represented the Republican Party
in Parliament and took sides with the Aventine group which refused to cooperate with
Fascism. He refused to collaborate with Mussolini, his old friend, and fled to France
where he kept in touch with Italian anti-Fascists. Facchinetti became leader of the
"League pour les Droits de l'homme," a group of intellectuals with Socialists tendencies,
and was an active supporter of the League of Nations.
In June of 1947, Facchinetti was mentioned as one of five candidates for the position
of provisional Chief of State and it was thought that he would be acceptable to the entire
Left Wing and probably the Demochristians and the Liberals in the event the De Gasperi
* Lombardo has left the left-wing Socialist Party, and has formed, together with other moder-
ate Leftists, the "Union of Italian Socialists."
D-5
SECRET
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"ocrText": "SECRED\nright-wing (Saragat) Socialists split off in January 1947 (see Nenni). Lombardo did\nnot want to split Socialist strength further by leaving the Nenni group until a strong\nmoderate Socialist following could be drawn from both Socialist parties. His increased\nprestige, because of his successful visit to the US, and the confusion within the pre-\nviously pro-Communist Socialist ranks following the Cominform announcement in Oc-\ntober 1947, appears to heighten his chance of forming such a party of moderate Leftists.*\nin his vigorous stand against a Socialist-Communist voting bloc in the 1948 spring\nnational elections.\nCarlo SFORZA, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Republican) (Age 75)\nA classic career diplomat, Sforza has held many important posts at home and\nabroad. He is familiar with both France and England, and speaks both languages. In\nMay 1940, Sforza wrote a letter to the King of Italy warning him against going to war\nwith Great Britain and France. Since the end of World War II he has warmly advo-\ncated resumption of cordial relations with France, especially in the form of a Franco-\nItalian customs union. A strong anti-Fascist, he lived in exile from 1926 until 1940,\nwhen he came to America following the fall of France and played a leading role in the\n\"Free Italy\" movement launched soon after his arrival. Also an anti-monarchist, he\nrefused, on his return to Italy following the armistice of September 1943, to take part\nin the Cabinet unless King Victor Emmanuel would abdicate. Presumably because of\nthis anti-monarchy and anti-Badoglio stand, his appointment as Foreign Minister\nunder Bonomi was twice vetoed by the British Government. His relations with Great\nBritain, however, have improved since the establishment of the Italian Republic, and\nhe is recently returned from what were apparently profitable discussions in London\nregarding disposition of Italy's fleet and former colonies.\nAs Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sforza is said to have expedited retirement of ex-\nFascists and monarchists as well as of various fellow-travelers. Sforza has, as befits his\nMinistry, asked for revision of the Italian Peace Treaty. He supports the Marshall Plan,\nand headed the Italian group which entered vigorously into discussion of European\ncooperation at the Paris meeting in the summer of 1947. He is presently the leading\nadvocate of a federation of Europe.\nCipriano FACCHINETTI, Minister of National Defense (Republican) (Age 49)\nA propagandist of Wilson's theory of international peace, Facchinetti founded the\npro-American Fasci Wilsoniani in 1919. In 1926 he represented the Republican Party\nin Parliament and took sides with the Aventine group which refused to cooperate with\nFascism. He refused to collaborate with Mussolini, his old friend, and fled to France\nwhere he kept in touch with Italian anti-Fascists. Facchinetti became leader of the\n\"League pour les Droits de l'homme,\" a group of intellectuals with Socialists tendencies,\nand was an active supporter of the League of Nations.\nIn June of 1947, Facchinetti was mentioned as one of five candidates for the position\nof provisional Chief of State and it was thought that he would be acceptable to the entire\nLeft Wing and probably the Demochristians and the Liberals in the event the De Gasperi\n* Lombardo has left the left-wing Socialist Party, and has formed, together with other moder-\nate Leftists, the \"Union of Italian Socialists.\"\nD-5\nSECRET"
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