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13
bardo Toledano took the initial steps to form
Mexican Government through its two Sen-
such a party at a series of Round Table meet-
ators, and one Deputy, officials in the various
ings held in Mexico City in January 1947. It
Ministries and in state and local governments,
is significant that, although there had been
and judges in the National and Federal Dis-
previous attempts of Marxist or socialist ele-
trict Courts. Many PP members are promi-
ments to gain political unity outside the Com-
nent in other Communist-front groups, such
munist Party, it was immediately after one of
as Unión Democrática Polaco-Mexicana; the
his trips to the USSR that Lombardo made a
Mexican-Russian Cultural Institute; FOARE
definite move to organize a party. In spite of
(pro-Communist group for aid to Spanish ex-
his own Marxist sympathies, however, Lom-
iles); Frente Socialista de Abogados (group of
bardo made an attempt to appeal to non-
radical attorneys); Acción Socialista Unifi-
Communist elements and was successful in
cada, a group which left the Communist Party
securing the adherence of several elements
because of differences over the party line; and
representing opposing political views, includ-
various others. Perhaps of even greater sig-
ing liberals who opposed the monopoly of the
nificance than the interlocking membership of
government party, dissident Communists, and
Partido Popular and Communist-front organ-
even some rightists who were not willing to
izations is the relationship, primarily through
join forces with the pro-Catholic PAN.
Lombardo himself, with the Communistic
The fact that various political elements were
Confederación de Trabajadores de (la) Amé-
represented in the National Executive Com-
rica Latina and the Communist bloc in the
mittee does not mean, however, that they had
World Federation of Trade Unions.
equal strength within the party. In fact, the
PP participated actively in elections of 3
preponderance of Communist influence was
July 1949 for Federal Deputies and State Gov-
evident, a majority of the National Executive
ernors winning only one seat. It had a regis-
Committee being known Communists or sym-
tered strength of 31,500 members, as reported
pathizers. Non-Communist elements within
by the Ministry of Gobernación, and it claims
PP appeared to serve merely to cloak its Com-
182,450 members, the actual figures being
munist orientation with democratic respect-
somewhat between these two. The influence
ability.
of PP as an opposition party has declined, es-
Because of Lombardo's influence in the Mex-
pecially since the schism which makes its fu-
ican and Latin American labor movements,
ture uncertain.
PP contains many labor elements among its
PP announced its general support of the ad-
membership, although no labor organizations
ministration on internal matters and on ef-
as such have officially aligned themselves with
forts of the government toward increased eco-
the party. PP affiliations with other groups
nomic nationalism. It opposes the Federal
and organizations are maintained largely
Electoral Law, however, and supports a sys-
through personal contact, the only official
tem of proportional representation. In inter-
front group being Movimiento de la Juventud
national affairs, PP follows the Communist
Popular, a youth movement now being organ-
line; e.g., it has opposed the Bogotá Pact as
ized in the various schools and districts of the
an agreement that would make Mexico sub-
Federal District. PP propaganda and news
servient to the militaristic ambitions of the
reports are regularly published in Lombardo's
US, has attacked US proposals for economic
newspaper, El Popular. Through Lombardo
cooperation, and has opposed the US and UN
and various professors and educators, PP
action in Korea while encouraging the sign-
maintains close contact with Universidad
ing of the Stockholm Peace Petition.
Obrera, the National and state universities,
and prominent officials in the Teachers' Union.
4. Other Influential Groups.
The party has exerted influence over writers
In Mexico most of the usual pressure and
and intellectuals through such prominent fig-
special interest groups are subdivisions of the
ures as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siquei-
official party. These subdivisions include
ros, Communist artists, and Narciso Bassols,
labor, agrarian interests, indigenous popula-
former Ambassador to the USSR; and over the
tion, and military forces. There are, however,
SECRET
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"ocrText": "SECRET\n13\nbardo Toledano took the initial steps to form\nMexican Government through its two Sen-\nsuch a party at a series of Round Table meet-\nators, and one Deputy, officials in the various\nings held in Mexico City in January 1947. It\nMinistries and in state and local governments,\nis significant that, although there had been\nand judges in the National and Federal Dis-\nprevious attempts of Marxist or socialist ele-\ntrict Courts. Many PP members are promi-\nments to gain political unity outside the Com-\nnent in other Communist-front groups, such\nmunist Party, it was immediately after one of\nas Unión Democrática Polaco-Mexicana; the\nhis trips to the USSR that Lombardo made a\nMexican-Russian Cultural Institute; FOARE\ndefinite move to organize a party. In spite of\n(pro-Communist group for aid to Spanish ex-\nhis own Marxist sympathies, however, Lom-\niles); Frente Socialista de Abogados (group of\nbardo made an attempt to appeal to non-\nradical attorneys); Acción Socialista Unifi-\nCommunist elements and was successful in\ncada, a group which left the Communist Party\nsecuring the adherence of several elements\nbecause of differences over the party line; and\nrepresenting opposing political views, includ-\nvarious others. Perhaps of even greater sig-\ning liberals who opposed the monopoly of the\nnificance than the interlocking membership of\ngovernment party, dissident Communists, and\nPartido Popular and Communist-front organ-\neven some rightists who were not willing to\nizations is the relationship, primarily through\njoin forces with the pro-Catholic PAN.\nLombardo himself, with the Communistic\nThe fact that various political elements were\nConfederación de Trabajadores de (la) Amé-\nrepresented in the National Executive Com-\nrica Latina and the Communist bloc in the\nmittee does not mean, however, that they had\nWorld Federation of Trade Unions.\nequal strength within the party. In fact, the\nPP participated actively in elections of 3\npreponderance of Communist influence was\nJuly 1949 for Federal Deputies and State Gov-\nevident, a majority of the National Executive\nernors winning only one seat. It had a regis-\nCommittee being known Communists or sym-\ntered strength of 31,500 members, as reported\npathizers. Non-Communist elements within\nby the Ministry of Gobernación, and it claims\nPP appeared to serve merely to cloak its Com-\n182,450 members, the actual figures being\nmunist orientation with democratic respect-\nsomewhat between these two. The influence\nability.\nof PP as an opposition party has declined, es-\nBecause of Lombardo's influence in the Mex-\npecially since the schism which makes its fu-\nican and Latin American labor movements,\nture uncertain.\nPP contains many labor elements among its\nPP announced its general support of the ad-\nmembership, although no labor organizations\nministration on internal matters and on ef-\nas such have officially aligned themselves with\nforts of the government toward increased eco-\nthe party. PP affiliations with other groups\nnomic nationalism. It opposes the Federal\nand organizations are maintained largely\nElectoral Law, however, and supports a sys-\nthrough personal contact, the only official\ntem of proportional representation. In inter-\nfront group being Movimiento de la Juventud\nnational affairs, PP follows the Communist\nPopular, a youth movement now being organ-\nline; e.g., it has opposed the Bogotá Pact as\nized in the various schools and districts of the\nan agreement that would make Mexico sub-\nFederal District. PP propaganda and news\nservient to the militaristic ambitions of the\nreports are regularly published in Lombardo's\nUS, has attacked US proposals for economic\nnewspaper, El Popular. Through Lombardo\ncooperation, and has opposed the US and UN\nand various professors and educators, PP\naction in Korea while encouraging the sign-\nmaintains close contact with Universidad\ning of the Stockholm Peace Petition.\nObrera, the National and state universities,\nand prominent officials in the Teachers' Union.\n4. Other Influential Groups.\nThe party has exerted influence over writers\nIn Mexico most of the usual pressure and\nand intellectuals through such prominent fig-\nspecial interest groups are subdivisions of the\nures as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siquei-\nofficial party. These subdivisions include\nros, Communist artists, and Narciso Bassols,\nlabor, agrarian interests, indigenous popula-\nformer Ambassador to the USSR; and over the\ntion, and military forces. There are, however,\nSECRET"
}