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I-14 SECRET Bundestag met to consider nominations for bureaucracy, controlling an apathetic or hos- the post of Federal Chancellor. On 15 Sep- tile rank and file. tember Adenauer's nomination was confirmed Unlike western zone trade unions, which by by 202 votes of a possible 402, a majority of comparison began only recently to operate on one vote. The coalition which Adenauer a zonal basis, the FDGB has been the zonal formed consists of the CDU/CSU, the FDP trade union authority since the early days of and the German Party. The coalition has a the occupation. Composed of nineteen con- scant working majority and is unlikely to stituent unions representing the various trades function very effectively because of conflicts and professions organized vertically, its total between its components. The principal prob- membership in the Soviet Zone is about four lem involved will be the reconciliation of cen- million, roughly two-thirds of the total trade tralist and federalist viewpoints, an obstacle unionists in the whole of Germany. The which in the long run is likely to wreck the functions of the FDGB far exceed those of present coalition. normal labor organizations, so that represen- 4. Other Influential Groups. tation of workers' interests is of minor impor- tance. In addition to functioning as social The most significant development outside security agencies, political and educational the political arena has been the growth of organizations, cultural and welfare bodies, the trade unions in the various zones of occupa- member trade unions have become an integral tion. part of Soviet administration and assist in In the Soviet Zone the USSR permitted the the preparation and execution of laws. Soviet trade unions to organize soon after the fall benevolence, in the form of supplementary of Berlin, expecting that the labor movement food and consumer goods allotments to union would go Communist. Trade unionists and members, has been designed to enhance the organizers were given considerable assistance, prestige and popularity of the FDGB, but with whenever possible. The outcome, however, slight success. was that almost all unions were controlled In the western zones, trade union activities by the Socialists, and in spite of Soviet pres- have followed a different pattern in each zone, sure, Communist influence was either slight reflecting generally the occupation policies of or non-existent. To remedy this situation the respective military governments. and to centralize control of the unions in the In the French Zone, unions developed slowly. hands of a small minority, the FDGB (Free Organizationally, the various unions never de- German Federation of Trade Unions) was veloped beyond Land level, because of the created and superimposed on the existing French insistence on decentralization. Cer- union structure. This organization quickly tain leaders gained considerable prominence assumed, chiefly through pressure exerted by and could, to a limited extent, exercise a zonal- the Soviets, the powers which had formerly wide influence. Since contact with union belonged to the individual unions. Coupled organizations in other zones was discouraged with this step, the USSR also used the forced and the industrial complex of the zone is merger of the SPD and KPD, forming the slight, and because French MG has continu- SED, to break what little power the former ally interfered in union affairs, the French SPD union functionaries had been able to Zone unions remained weak and ineffectual retain. Membership in some member unions until trizonal fusion became imminent. of the FDGB was obligatory for all recipients In the US Zone, union organization was of wages, salaries, and fees. The final step in encouraged on a local level. Early in the OC- stripping the unions of their power was the cupation, works councils were formed and dissolution of the works councils, on the pre- local unions organized. These local unions text that their functions were unnecessary in in turn expanded on a Land basis, but no view of the existence of the FDGB. The re- centralized zonal headquarters developed, be- sult was the creation of a tightly knit, highly cause of the US policy of encouraging the centralized, and pro-Soviet trade union unions to develop from the lowest level, rather SECRET

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    "ocrText": "I-14\nSECRET\nBundestag met to consider nominations for\nbureaucracy, controlling an apathetic or hos-\nthe post of Federal Chancellor. On 15 Sep-\ntile rank and file.\ntember Adenauer's nomination was confirmed\nUnlike western zone trade unions, which by\nby 202 votes of a possible 402, a majority of\ncomparison began only recently to operate on\none vote. The coalition which Adenauer\na zonal basis, the FDGB has been the zonal\nformed consists of the CDU/CSU, the FDP\ntrade union authority since the early days of\nand the German Party. The coalition has a\nthe occupation. Composed of nineteen con-\nscant working majority and is unlikely to\nstituent unions representing the various trades\nfunction very effectively because of conflicts\nand professions organized vertically, its total\nbetween its components. The principal prob-\nmembership in the Soviet Zone is about four\nlem involved will be the reconciliation of cen-\nmillion, roughly two-thirds of the total trade\ntralist and federalist viewpoints, an obstacle\nunionists in the whole of Germany. The\nwhich in the long run is likely to wreck the\nfunctions of the FDGB far exceed those of\npresent coalition.\nnormal labor organizations, so that represen-\n4. Other Influential Groups.\ntation of workers' interests is of minor impor-\ntance. In addition to functioning as social\nThe most significant development outside\nsecurity agencies, political and educational\nthe political arena has been the growth of\norganizations, cultural and welfare bodies, the\ntrade unions in the various zones of occupa-\nmember trade unions have become an integral\ntion.\npart of Soviet administration and assist in\nIn the Soviet Zone the USSR permitted the\nthe preparation and execution of laws. Soviet\ntrade unions to organize soon after the fall\nbenevolence, in the form of supplementary\nof Berlin, expecting that the labor movement\nfood and consumer goods allotments to union\nwould go Communist. Trade unionists and\nmembers, has been designed to enhance the\norganizers were given considerable assistance,\nprestige and popularity of the FDGB, but with\nwhenever possible. The outcome, however,\nslight success.\nwas that almost all unions were controlled\nIn the western zones, trade union activities\nby the Socialists, and in spite of Soviet pres-\nhave followed a different pattern in each zone,\nsure, Communist influence was either slight\nreflecting generally the occupation policies of\nor non-existent. To remedy this situation\nthe respective military governments.\nand to centralize control of the unions in the\nIn the French Zone, unions developed slowly.\nhands of a small minority, the FDGB (Free\nOrganizationally, the various unions never de-\nGerman Federation of Trade Unions) was\nveloped beyond Land level, because of the\ncreated and superimposed on the existing\nFrench insistence on decentralization. Cer-\nunion structure. This organization quickly\ntain leaders gained considerable prominence\nassumed, chiefly through pressure exerted by\nand could, to a limited extent, exercise a zonal-\nthe Soviets, the powers which had formerly\nwide influence. Since contact with union\nbelonged to the individual unions. Coupled\norganizations in other zones was discouraged\nwith this step, the USSR also used the forced\nand the industrial complex of the zone is\nmerger of the SPD and KPD, forming the\nslight, and because French MG has continu-\nSED, to break what little power the former\nally interfered in union affairs, the French\nSPD union functionaries had been able to\nZone unions remained weak and ineffectual\nretain. Membership in some member unions\nuntil trizonal fusion became imminent.\nof the FDGB was obligatory for all recipients\nIn the US Zone, union organization was\nof wages, salaries, and fees. The final step in\nencouraged on a local level. Early in the OC-\nstripping the unions of their power was the\ncupation, works councils were formed and\ndissolution of the works councils, on the pre-\nlocal unions organized. These local unions\ntext that their functions were unnecessary in\nin turn expanded on a Land basis, but no\nview of the existence of the FDGB. The re-\ncentralized zonal headquarters developed, be-\nsult was the creation of a tightly knit, highly\ncause of the US policy of encouraging the\ncentralized, and pro-Soviet trade union\nunions to develop from the lowest level, rather\nSECRET"
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