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APPENDIX C
POPULATION STATISTICS AND CHARACTERISTICS
As a result of the war there have been vio-
of the Nazis, with their program of special
lent dislocations of the total population and
incentives to propagation and their policy of
profound disruption in the conditions of liv-
annexing contiguous territories containing a
ing and employment in postwar Germany.
high percentage of German inhabitants, the
Total defeat, with its terrific war casualties,
increase was even more spectacular. In the
amounting to 4 million killed and approxi-
old Reich the increase was 4 percent between
mately 1.5 million still held outside Germany
1933 and 1939, while the population of Greater
as prisoners of war (January 1949), shattered
Germany, so-called, which included Austria,
the former social fabric and crippled every
the Sudetenland, and the Saar, had grown 20
phase of the national economy. Despite these
percent. The density of population was de-
losses and the continued retention by the
termined by the distribution of natural re-
USSR of a large number of prisoners, the
sources, the heaviest concentrations of inhabi-
population has actually increased with the ac-
tants occurring along the southern and east-
quisition of roughly 10 million refugees, in-
ern borders: in the Ruhr, along the Rhine,
cluding 2 to 3 million "Volksdeutsche" from
and in Silesia. A population belt of lesser
neighboring countries. On a land area 24
density stretched along the northern coast,
percent smaller than in 1936, Germany is sup-
with its large ports surrounded by agricultural
porting 20 percent more people. Every war
areas reclaimed from the sea over a long pe-
has produced its homeless refugees, but never
riod of time by dykes and drainage canals, as
before in modern history has there been such
in Holland. The central plain of Germany,
an extensive organized transfer of population
which has few resources and a poor soil, had a
as that provided for in Article XIII of the
relatively sparse population, except for the
Potsdam Agreement. Acute shortages in
big industrial cities.
many of the essentials of living and corre-
The industrialization of Germany caused
spondingly limited opportunities for employ-
an immense growth of its cities and towns.
ment, the assimilation of refugees and ex-
Urban population quadrupled while the popu-
pellees into the German community are
lation as a whole was doubling in numbers,
among the more formidable problems facing
and 65 percent of the people were living in
the German people today.
cities by 1939. The movement from farm to
The German population grew rapidly in the
industry was accelerated during the Nazi re-
prewar years, practically doubling between the
gime, which saw a 10.6 percent occupational
establishment of the Empire in 1871 and the
decline in agriculture and an 8.6 percent
outbreak of World War II. After the advent
growth in industrial employment. The great-
DENSITY OF POPULATION IN FOUR ZONES
Persons
Area in
Population
per sq. km.
sq. km.
1946
1939
1946
British Zone
97,714
22,303,042
203
228
French Zone
42,814
5,939,807
145
139
Soviet Zone
107,805
17,313,581
141
161
Soviet Zone
108,689
20,493,964
180
189
Including Berlin
United States Zone
107,461
17,174,367
133
160
TOTAL
356,678
65,911,180
168
185
SECRET
C-1
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"ocrText": "APPENDIX C\nPOPULATION STATISTICS AND CHARACTERISTICS\nAs a result of the war there have been vio-\nof the Nazis, with their program of special\nlent dislocations of the total population and\nincentives to propagation and their policy of\nprofound disruption in the conditions of liv-\nannexing contiguous territories containing a\ning and employment in postwar Germany.\nhigh percentage of German inhabitants, the\nTotal defeat, with its terrific war casualties,\nincrease was even more spectacular. In the\namounting to 4 million killed and approxi-\nold Reich the increase was 4 percent between\nmately 1.5 million still held outside Germany\n1933 and 1939, while the population of Greater\nas prisoners of war (January 1949), shattered\nGermany, so-called, which included Austria,\nthe former social fabric and crippled every\nthe Sudetenland, and the Saar, had grown 20\nphase of the national economy. Despite these\npercent. The density of population was de-\nlosses and the continued retention by the\ntermined by the distribution of natural re-\nUSSR of a large number of prisoners, the\nsources, the heaviest concentrations of inhabi-\npopulation has actually increased with the ac-\ntants occurring along the southern and east-\nquisition of roughly 10 million refugees, in-\nern borders: in the Ruhr, along the Rhine,\ncluding 2 to 3 million \"Volksdeutsche\" from\nand in Silesia. A population belt of lesser\nneighboring countries. On a land area 24\ndensity stretched along the northern coast,\npercent smaller than in 1936, Germany is sup-\nwith its large ports surrounded by agricultural\nporting 20 percent more people. Every war\nareas reclaimed from the sea over a long pe-\nhas produced its homeless refugees, but never\nriod of time by dykes and drainage canals, as\nbefore in modern history has there been such\nin Holland. The central plain of Germany,\nan extensive organized transfer of population\nwhich has few resources and a poor soil, had a\nas that provided for in Article XIII of the\nrelatively sparse population, except for the\nPotsdam Agreement. Acute shortages in\nbig industrial cities.\nmany of the essentials of living and corre-\nThe industrialization of Germany caused\nspondingly limited opportunities for employ-\nan immense growth of its cities and towns.\nment, the assimilation of refugees and ex-\nUrban population quadrupled while the popu-\npellees into the German community are\nlation as a whole was doubling in numbers,\namong the more formidable problems facing\nand 65 percent of the people were living in\nthe German people today.\ncities by 1939. The movement from farm to\nThe German population grew rapidly in the\nindustry was accelerated during the Nazi re-\nprewar years, practically doubling between the\ngime, which saw a 10.6 percent occupational\nestablishment of the Empire in 1871 and the\ndecline in agriculture and an 8.6 percent\noutbreak of World War II. After the advent\ngrowth in industrial employment. The great-\nDENSITY OF POPULATION IN FOUR ZONES\nPersons\nArea in\nPopulation\nper sq. km.\nsq. km.\n1946\n1939\n1946\nBritish Zone\n97,714\n22,303,042\n203\n228\nFrench Zone\n42,814\n5,939,807\n145\n139\nSoviet Zone\n107,805\n17,313,581\n141\n161\nSoviet Zone\n108,689\n20,493,964\n180\n189\nIncluding Berlin\nUnited States Zone\n107,461\n17,174,367\n133\n160\nTOTAL\n356,678\n65,911,180\n168\n185\nSECRET\nC-1"
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