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37
tory of negotiations for wages and better work-
native sources of energy, virtually all oil must
ing conditions for the British worker has been
be imported; potential water power is confined
peaceful on the whole.
to the highlands of Scotland and Wales and
The Whitley Committee of 1916 gave a great
has, to date, been little exploited.
stimulus to the development of Works Com-
-The deposits of iron ore are chiefly concen-
mittees in factories, which today play an im-
trated in the midland counties around Leices-
portant part in dealing with such things as
ter and Lincoln and on the northwest coast
welfare matters, absenteeism, and fairly re-
near the Cumberland coal fields. The grade of
cently with the problem of increasing produc-
ore is low, averaging about 30 percent iron,
tion. Because of the growing demand by
but the general practice of open-pit mining
workers for a more active role in stepping up
results in a low cost of production. Ore mined
production, Joint (labor-management) Pro-
from these deposits normally satisfies about
duction Committees, established in 1942, have
two-thirds of the needs of Britain's iron and
grown steadily. Trade union leaders consider
steel industry. Reserves, both actual and esti-
them valuable as a means of educating the
mated, are set at about seven billion tons.
labor rank and file to an understanding of the
There are also ample deposits of the limestone
need for increasing production.
necessary to the modern steel-making proc-
The main problem of the government with
esses.
respect to the labor supply since the war has
Only small deposits of non-ferrous metals
been to induce a new approach in the working
are found, including copper and the tin ore of
population; a more enterprising, confident,
Cornwall, which was mined before the Chris-
and energetic state of mind; an eagerness to
tian era. Domestic tin production in 1945 was
contribute to the raising of productivity; and
only 995 long tons. Lead occurs in Flintshire,
even a willingness to forego wage increases in
Durham, and Derbyshire and zinc is found
the interests of national recovery. The prob-
mainly in north Wales, the north of England,
lem is difficult, not only because of the tra-
the Isle of Man, and the county of Dumfries in
ditionalism of the British worker, but also be-
Scotland. These deposits, however, are by no
cause few are bold enough to prophesy with
means sufficient to meet the demands of the
entire conviction that full employment will
United Kingdom, a heavy consumer of non-
endure after the sellers' market vanishes and
ferrous metals, and Britain is obliged to im-
international competition once more arises.
port heavily from the Empire and Latin Amer-
The British worker is not altogether stupid in
ica.
his reluctance to trust the future. Neverthe-
Important tonnages of non-metallic miner-
less, the leaders of the trade unions have for
als are found in the United Kingdom. In
the most part been converted; they have is-
1947, 86,107 metric tons of barite, used in
sued exhortations to raise productivity, and
paints and in drilling muds, 65,000 metric tons
they have seen the necessity of keeping money
of fluorspar and 40,639 of rock salt were mined.
wages at roughly the present levels. The
The United Kingdom is now the major world
process of converting the rank-and-file is un-
producer of celestite, an ore of strontium which
der way, and is meeting with some success.
is strategic in wartime because of its use in
Much will depend upon the actual course of
tracer bullets and flares. Official celestite
economic affairs in the world.
production figures for 1947 have not been re-
4. Natural Resources.
ported but are believed to have been about
5,000 metric tons.
Rich deposits of coal and iron ore formed
the early bases of British industrial develop-
The whole British supply of china clay,
ment. Coal is still the main fuel of the na-
which is of great importance in the ceramic,
tional economy and in normal times is also a
papermaking, bleaching, and chemical indus-
profitable item of export; reserves were esti-
tries, comes from Cornwall. With this excep-
mated by the last authoritative survey, in
tion, however, as well as those of coal, salt and
1915, to be 197 billion metric tons. Of alter-
limestone, the United Kingdom is obliged to
SECRET
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"ocrText": "37\ntory of negotiations for wages and better work-\nnative sources of energy, virtually all oil must\ning conditions for the British worker has been\nbe imported; potential water power is confined\npeaceful on the whole.\nto the highlands of Scotland and Wales and\nThe Whitley Committee of 1916 gave a great\nhas, to date, been little exploited.\nstimulus to the development of Works Com-\n-The deposits of iron ore are chiefly concen-\nmittees in factories, which today play an im-\ntrated in the midland counties around Leices-\nportant part in dealing with such things as\nter and Lincoln and on the northwest coast\nwelfare matters, absenteeism, and fairly re-\nnear the Cumberland coal fields. The grade of\ncently with the problem of increasing produc-\nore is low, averaging about 30 percent iron,\ntion. Because of the growing demand by\nbut the general practice of open-pit mining\nworkers for a more active role in stepping up\nresults in a low cost of production. Ore mined\nproduction, Joint (labor-management) Pro-\nfrom these deposits normally satisfies about\nduction Committees, established in 1942, have\ntwo-thirds of the needs of Britain's iron and\ngrown steadily. Trade union leaders consider\nsteel industry. Reserves, both actual and esti-\nthem valuable as a means of educating the\nmated, are set at about seven billion tons.\nlabor rank and file to an understanding of the\nThere are also ample deposits of the limestone\nneed for increasing production.\nnecessary to the modern steel-making proc-\nThe main problem of the government with\nesses.\nrespect to the labor supply since the war has\nOnly small deposits of non-ferrous metals\nbeen to induce a new approach in the working\nare found, including copper and the tin ore of\npopulation; a more enterprising, confident,\nCornwall, which was mined before the Chris-\nand energetic state of mind; an eagerness to\ntian era. Domestic tin production in 1945 was\ncontribute to the raising of productivity; and\nonly 995 long tons. Lead occurs in Flintshire,\neven a willingness to forego wage increases in\nDurham, and Derbyshire and zinc is found\nthe interests of national recovery. The prob-\nmainly in north Wales, the north of England,\nlem is difficult, not only because of the tra-\nthe Isle of Man, and the county of Dumfries in\nditionalism of the British worker, but also be-\nScotland. These deposits, however, are by no\ncause few are bold enough to prophesy with\nmeans sufficient to meet the demands of the\nentire conviction that full employment will\nUnited Kingdom, a heavy consumer of non-\nendure after the sellers' market vanishes and\nferrous metals, and Britain is obliged to im-\ninternational competition once more arises.\nport heavily from the Empire and Latin Amer-\nThe British worker is not altogether stupid in\nica.\nhis reluctance to trust the future. Neverthe-\nImportant tonnages of non-metallic miner-\nless, the leaders of the trade unions have for\nals are found in the United Kingdom. In\nthe most part been converted; they have is-\n1947, 86,107 metric tons of barite, used in\nsued exhortations to raise productivity, and\npaints and in drilling muds, 65,000 metric tons\nthey have seen the necessity of keeping money\nof fluorspar and 40,639 of rock salt were mined.\nwages at roughly the present levels. The\nThe United Kingdom is now the major world\nprocess of converting the rank-and-file is un-\nproducer of celestite, an ore of strontium which\nder way, and is meeting with some success.\nis strategic in wartime because of its use in\nMuch will depend upon the actual course of\ntracer bullets and flares. Official celestite\neconomic affairs in the world.\nproduction figures for 1947 have not been re-\n4. Natural Resources.\nported but are believed to have been about\n5,000 metric tons.\nRich deposits of coal and iron ore formed\nthe early bases of British industrial develop-\nThe whole British supply of china clay,\nment. Coal is still the main fuel of the na-\nwhich is of great importance in the ceramic,\ntional economy and in normal times is also a\npapermaking, bleaching, and chemical indus-\nprofitable item of export; reserves were esti-\ntries, comes from Cornwall. With this excep-\nmated by the last authoritative survey, in\ntion, however, as well as those of coal, salt and\n1915, to be 197 billion metric tons. Of alter-\nlimestone, the United Kingdom is obliged to\nSECRET"
}