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grains and fodder production and vigorous ef-
enforce standards of good husbandry even to
forts are being made to extend the cultivation
the point of dispossessing inefficient farmers.
of linseed, which is of value as a source of oil
The agricultural program involves an ex-
cake for cattle as well as oil for industrial pur-
pansion in the number of agricultural work-
poses. Importation of feedstuffs, while below
ers from approximately one million at present
prewar level, is expected to be heavy until the
to a proposed 1,170,000 in 1951. In order to
domestic production expansion can begin to
attract more persons to the land the govern-
show results.
ment, under the Agriculture Act, offers as-
The program envisages a total capital in-
sured markets and prices to the farmer by
vestment in agriculture of about $1,800 mil-
means of subsidies and price-fixing, and guar-
lions, of which about $800 millions is expendi-
anteed minimum wages, as well as housing
ture in farm machinery. In recent years such
priorities and exemption from military serv-
rapid progress has been made in the mechani-
ice to the agricultural worker. Although the
zation of British agriculture that it is now one
government has made better progress in re-
of the most highly mechanized in the world.
cruiting for agriculture than for other under-
The number of tractors in use has risen from
manned industries, September 1948 saw the
50,000 in 1939 to 250,000 in mid-1948; the total
numbers approximately 24,000 under the tar-
will be maintained at 275,000 to 300,000. The
get of 1,110,000 for the end of 1948.
number of combine harvesters will increase
The urgent need to save dollars has unde-
from 6,500 prewar to at least 11,000 and grass
niably rendered the increasing of British do-
driers from 400 to 1,500. These increases, to-
mestic food and feed production more of a
gether with replacements of worn-out or ob-
necessity than a choice, for under ideal condi-
solete machinery, are expected to call for an
tions it would be more economical for Britain
expenditure of $200 millions per year. The
to continue importing the greater part of these
United Kingdom is able to supply its own re-
requirements. The ultimate success of the
quirements of agricultural machinery with a
program appears to depend upon the govern-
substantial and expanding surplus available
ment's ability to attract the necessary man-
for export. Some $400 millions will be spent
power, to provide the necessary machinery on
during the life of the program on farm build-
time, and to gain the willing cooperation of
ings, and approximately $128 millions on
an unusually conservative class.
drainage and irrigation, by which it is expected
b. Fisheries.
that some four million acres will benefit. Al-
This traditional British occupation is of
though great strides have been made in the
great importance in the maintenance of the
domestic production of fertilizers, the United
national food supply and it provides a profit-
Kingdom is still dependent upon imports, par-
able item of export. The seas which sur-
ticularly of potash and phosphate rock, and
round the British Isles have been fished in-
consumption under the proposed program will
tensively since the Middle Ages. The prin-
be increased by at least one-fifth.
cipal fishing areas are the North Sea, the
In order to attain this increased agricultural
English and Irish Channels and the Conti-
output, the government stands ready to
nental Shelf. Predominant catches are her-
assist farmers in the hire of machinery and
ring, cod, haddock, plaice, and hake, classed
supplementary labor, by contract services, by
as wetfish, and oysters, crabs, and lobsters.
price supports, and by the provision of short-
The most important factor in the export trade
term credit facilities. Qualified technical of-
is the herring catch, about 70 percent of which
ficers are available to advise farmers on all
was pickled or salted annually before the war
questions of technical improvement and effi-
and shipped to Europe, principally to Ger-
cient production, with special attention being
many, Poland, and the Baltic States. The
given to grassland improvement. Where ad-
continued unsettled condition of these mar-
visory methods fail to secure greater efficiency,
kets, however, as well as the current short-
the Agriculture Act of 1947 gives the County
age of meat in Britain, has led to intensive
Agricultural Executive Committees powers to
efforts to rationalize the fish storage industry
SECRET
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"ocrText": "39\ngrains and fodder production and vigorous ef-\nenforce standards of good husbandry even to\nforts are being made to extend the cultivation\nthe point of dispossessing inefficient farmers.\nof linseed, which is of value as a source of oil\nThe agricultural program involves an ex-\ncake for cattle as well as oil for industrial pur-\npansion in the number of agricultural work-\nposes. Importation of feedstuffs, while below\ners from approximately one million at present\nprewar level, is expected to be heavy until the\nto a proposed 1,170,000 in 1951. In order to\ndomestic production expansion can begin to\nattract more persons to the land the govern-\nshow results.\nment, under the Agriculture Act, offers as-\nThe program envisages a total capital in-\nsured markets and prices to the farmer by\nvestment in agriculture of about $1,800 mil-\nmeans of subsidies and price-fixing, and guar-\nlions, of which about $800 millions is expendi-\nanteed minimum wages, as well as housing\nture in farm machinery. In recent years such\npriorities and exemption from military serv-\nrapid progress has been made in the mechani-\nice to the agricultural worker. Although the\nzation of British agriculture that it is now one\ngovernment has made better progress in re-\nof the most highly mechanized in the world.\ncruiting for agriculture than for other under-\nThe number of tractors in use has risen from\nmanned industries, September 1948 saw the\n50,000 in 1939 to 250,000 in mid-1948; the total\nnumbers approximately 24,000 under the tar-\nwill be maintained at 275,000 to 300,000. The\nget of 1,110,000 for the end of 1948.\nnumber of combine harvesters will increase\nThe urgent need to save dollars has unde-\nfrom 6,500 prewar to at least 11,000 and grass\nniably rendered the increasing of British do-\ndriers from 400 to 1,500. These increases, to-\nmestic food and feed production more of a\ngether with replacements of worn-out or ob-\nnecessity than a choice, for under ideal condi-\nsolete machinery, are expected to call for an\ntions it would be more economical for Britain\nexpenditure of $200 millions per year. The\nto continue importing the greater part of these\nUnited Kingdom is able to supply its own re-\nrequirements. The ultimate success of the\nquirements of agricultural machinery with a\nprogram appears to depend upon the govern-\nsubstantial and expanding surplus available\nment's ability to attract the necessary man-\nfor export. Some $400 millions will be spent\npower, to provide the necessary machinery on\nduring the life of the program on farm build-\ntime, and to gain the willing cooperation of\nings, and approximately $128 millions on\nan unusually conservative class.\ndrainage and irrigation, by which it is expected\nb. Fisheries.\nthat some four million acres will benefit. Al-\nThis traditional British occupation is of\nthough great strides have been made in the\ngreat importance in the maintenance of the\ndomestic production of fertilizers, the United\nnational food supply and it provides a profit-\nKingdom is still dependent upon imports, par-\nable item of export. The seas which sur-\nticularly of potash and phosphate rock, and\nround the British Isles have been fished in-\nconsumption under the proposed program will\ntensively since the Middle Ages. The prin-\nbe increased by at least one-fifth.\ncipal fishing areas are the North Sea, the\nIn order to attain this increased agricultural\nEnglish and Irish Channels and the Conti-\noutput, the government stands ready to\nnental Shelf. Predominant catches are her-\nassist farmers in the hire of machinery and\nring, cod, haddock, plaice, and hake, classed\nsupplementary labor, by contract services, by\nas wetfish, and oysters, crabs, and lobsters.\nprice supports, and by the provision of short-\nThe most important factor in the export trade\nterm credit facilities. Qualified technical of-\nis the herring catch, about 70 percent of which\nficers are available to advise farmers on all\nwas pickled or salted annually before the war\nquestions of technical improvement and effi-\nand shipped to Europe, principally to Ger-\ncient production, with special attention being\nmany, Poland, and the Baltic States. The\ngiven to grassland improvement. Where ad-\ncontinued unsettled condition of these mar-\nvisory methods fail to secure greater efficiency,\nkets, however, as well as the current short-\nthe Agriculture Act of 1947 gives the County\nage of meat in Britain, has led to intensive\nAgricultural Executive Committees powers to\nefforts to rationalize the fish storage industry\nSECRET"
}