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59 amounted to $1,263 million gross for the fiscal the British considerable bargaining power in year 1948/49. It must be noted, in this con- international economic negotiations. nection, that the United Kingdom in the fiscal The major class of UK imports is that group year 1948/49, under the European payments comprising food, drink, and tobacco, which scheme, made available to other participating in 1948 accounted for 42 percent of the total countries drawing rights in sterling to an equivalent of $312 million gross. In view of imports, a decline from the prewar figure of these circumstances it is apparent that the 47 percent which reflects the British program United Kingdom is now "paying its way" in of austerity and efforts towards self-suffi- the world generally, but that, nevertheless, ciency in food. The group comprising raw ma- the continuing dollar deficit constitutes the terials (which includes such items as timber, gravest problem faced by the British econ- raw cotton and wool, paper-making materials, omy.* rubber, and non-ferrous ores and scrap), on Balance of Payments on Current Account (£ million) 1938 1947 1948 Payments: Jan.-June July-Dec. Imports (f.o.b.) Provisional (a) Food and feedingstuffs 719 421 390 (b) Animals and seeds 26 11 14 (c) Raw materials 517 303 311 (d) Tobacco 30 18 21 (e) Petroleum 78 62 61 (f) Machinery and vehicles 87 29 23 (g) Other imports 84 52 52 Total 835 1,541 896 872 Receipts: Exports and Re-exports (f.o.b.) 533 1,100 730 820 Invisibles (net) +232 - 189 + + 82 Surplus (+) or Deficit (-) on Current Account 70 - 630 -150 + 30 8. International Trade. the other hand, has risen from 27 percent of Lack of natural resources in the islands the prewar total to 33 percent in 1948. The remaining 25 percent in 1948 consisted almost has obliged the United Kingdom to import wholly of machinery and processed materials from abroad a significant part of the food and a major part of the raw materials neces- for industry. Value of 1948 imports was sary to the sustenance and livelihood of its £2,080 millions, over twice the 1938 figure of £919 millions and £285 millions more than the population. The cost of these imports is met 1947 figure. Inasmuch as the volumes of 1947 by the earnings of British exports, both vis- ible and invisible. A large and diversified and 1948 imports, however, were only 78 per- cent and 81 percent respectively of 1938, these overseas trade, therefore, is of the first im- increases in total value are due almost en- portance, not only to the British themselves, tirely to price increases. but also to Britain's many trading partners. Britain's 1938 imports amounted to about 18 The chief export of the United Kingdom percent of the world's total and exports to remains manufactured goods; these have ad- about 12 percent; corresponding figures for vanced from 77.6 percent of the total in 1938 1948 were 15 percent and 13 percent. The to 86.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 1948, size and significance of the UK market gives of which metal manufactures were 48.0 per- cent, textiles 21.0 percent and other manufac- * For a later view of the situation see ORE 79-49 "US Security and the British Dollar Problem" (Con- tures 17.8 percent. The most important fidential), 31 August 1949. changes in exports between 1938 and 1948 SECRE

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    "ocrText": "59\namounted to $1,263 million gross for the fiscal\nthe British considerable bargaining power in\nyear 1948/49. It must be noted, in this con-\ninternational economic negotiations.\nnection, that the United Kingdom in the fiscal\nThe major class of UK imports is that group\nyear 1948/49, under the European payments\ncomprising food, drink, and tobacco, which\nscheme, made available to other participating\nin 1948 accounted for 42 percent of the total\ncountries drawing rights in sterling to an\nequivalent of $312 million gross. In view of\nimports, a decline from the prewar figure of\nthese circumstances it is apparent that the\n47 percent which reflects the British program\nUnited Kingdom is now \"paying its way\" in\nof austerity and efforts towards self-suffi-\nthe world generally, but that, nevertheless,\nciency in food. The group comprising raw ma-\nthe continuing dollar deficit constitutes the\nterials (which includes such items as timber,\ngravest problem faced by the British econ-\nraw cotton and wool, paper-making materials,\nomy.*\nrubber, and non-ferrous ores and scrap), on\nBalance of Payments on Current Account (£ million)\n1938\n1947\n1948\nPayments:\nJan.-June\nJuly-Dec.\nImports (f.o.b.)\nProvisional\n(a) Food and feedingstuffs\n719\n421\n390\n(b) Animals and seeds\n26\n11\n14\n(c) Raw materials\n517\n303\n311\n(d) Tobacco\n30\n18\n21\n(e) Petroleum\n78\n62\n61\n(f) Machinery and vehicles\n87\n29\n23\n(g) Other imports\n84\n52\n52\nTotal\n835\n1,541\n896\n872\nReceipts:\nExports and Re-exports (f.o.b.)\n533\n1,100\n730\n820\nInvisibles (net)\n+232\n- 189\n+\n+ 82\nSurplus (+) or Deficit (-) on\nCurrent Account\n70\n- 630\n-150\n+ 30\n8. International Trade.\nthe other hand, has risen from 27 percent of\nLack of natural resources in the islands\nthe prewar total to 33 percent in 1948. The\nremaining 25 percent in 1948 consisted almost\nhas obliged the United Kingdom to import\nwholly of machinery and processed materials\nfrom abroad a significant part of the food\nand a major part of the raw materials neces-\nfor industry. Value of 1948 imports was\nsary to the sustenance and livelihood of its\n£2,080 millions, over twice the 1938 figure of\n£919 millions and £285 millions more than the\npopulation. The cost of these imports is met\n1947 figure. Inasmuch as the volumes of 1947\nby the earnings of British exports, both vis-\nible and invisible. A large and diversified\nand 1948 imports, however, were only 78 per-\ncent and 81 percent respectively of 1938, these\noverseas trade, therefore, is of the first im-\nincreases in total value are due almost en-\nportance, not only to the British themselves,\ntirely to price increases.\nbut also to Britain's many trading partners.\nBritain's 1938 imports amounted to about 18\nThe chief export of the United Kingdom\npercent of the world's total and exports to\nremains manufactured goods; these have ad-\nabout 12 percent; corresponding figures for\nvanced from 77.6 percent of the total in 1938\n1948 were 15 percent and 13 percent. The\nto 86.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 1948,\nsize and significance of the UK market gives\nof which metal manufactures were 48.0 per-\ncent, textiles 21.0 percent and other manufac-\n* For a later view of the situation see ORE 79-49\n\"US Security and the British Dollar Problem\" (Con-\ntures 17.8 percent. The most important\nfidential), 31 August 1949.\nchanges in exports between 1938 and 1948\nSECRE"
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