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replacing the Liberals' political dominance in
unions; (2) four independent international
the province. The party first came into
railroad brotherhoods; (3) the Canadian Fed-
power in 1936, and, except for a Liberal Party
eration of Labor, formed as the result of a
return to office during 1939-44, has been in
break in the ranks of the Trades and Labor
control since that time. As the result of the
Congress to bring together all the purely na-
1948 provincial elections, the Union Nationale
tional labor organizations; and (4) a number
controls 82 of 92 seats in the Quebec legisla-
of independent unions. The majority of Ca-
ture. The party is strongly nationalistic in
nadian unions are affiliated with the three
defense of French-Canadian culture, institu-
principal national federations in the first
tions, and religion. It stands for provincial
above-mentioned category. Of these the
autonomy as against the abandonment of any
Trades and Labor Congress (TLC) is the old-
of Quebec's prerogatives to Ottawa, and is con-
est labor organization in Canada. It is made
servative and anti-Communist.
up primarily of long-established craft unions,
In the 1949 general election the Union Na-
and three-fourths of TLC membership are in
tionale came into the national political arena
AFL international unions. The TLC has 439,-
by lending its party machine and support to
000 members in 2,779 locals, or about 45 per-
the Progressive Conservatives. This strategy
cent of total union membership in Canada.
proved a dismal failure and redounded to the
The Canadian Congress of Labor (CCL) is the
further discredit of Duplessis, who has also
second most important labor organization and
recently by his labor policies aroused the an-
has 338,000 members in 1,187 locals or about
tagonism of labor and a section of the power-
33 percent of total union membership. It
ful Catholic hierarchy. With these reverses
consists of industrial unions of which roughly
of the Union Nationale in mind, the Liberals
two-thirds are in international unions which
take heart for recapturing the Quebec govern-
are Canadian branches of the Congress of In-
ment at the next provincial elections.
dustrial Organizations. Together these two
organizations account for more than three-
4. Other Influential Groups.
quarters of organized labor. About two-thirds
a. Labor Organizations in Canada.
of Canadian trade unions belong to interna-
The Canadian labor movement has marked-
tional unions with headquarters in the US.
ly increased its political articulateness during
The third labor federation is the Canadian
the past decade, and trade union membership
and Catholic Confederation of Labor (CCCL),
has grown nearly three-fold, thereby greatly
a purely Canadian organization confined prin-
augmenting the power and influence of labor
cipally to the province of Quebec. With 93,-
in Canada both industrially and politically.
000 members in 428 branches it accounts for
In 1939 membership figures were 359,000; by
less than 10 percent of total union member-
the end of 1948 they had jumped to 978,000.
ship and includes both craft and industrial
Roughly one-quarter of all Canadian workers
unions. These French-Canadian "syndicates"
are members of trade unions, with the great-
are not of significance nationally; the TLC
est concentration of about 54 percent located
and CCL also have a large French-Canadian
in Ontario and Quebec provinces. Almost
membership. The four Railway Brother-
one-fifth of union membership is concen-
hoods claim 41,126 members in 376 locals.
trated in the metals industry; the next larg-
In economic policies and in structure the
est groups are in steam railway transporta-
labor movement of Canada has developed
tion with approximately 15 percent, and in
along lines similar in many respects to those
services with 12 percent. The largest nu-
obtaining in the US. It has also been influ-
merical gain during 1948 was in the construc-
enced by British labor, from which it has in-
tion industry where almost 20,000 new mem-
herited traditions imported by British immi-
bers were added.
grants. Although there is no labor party as
Canadian labor does not speak with one
such in Canada, there is increasing independ-
voice as does the British labor movement.
ent political action by labor, but it has not
There are: (1) three major federations of
yet reached the point of voting as a bloc. On
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"ocrText": "16\nreplacing the Liberals' political dominance in\nunions; (2) four independent international\nthe province. The party first came into\nrailroad brotherhoods; (3) the Canadian Fed-\npower in 1936, and, except for a Liberal Party\neration of Labor, formed as the result of a\nreturn to office during 1939-44, has been in\nbreak in the ranks of the Trades and Labor\ncontrol since that time. As the result of the\nCongress to bring together all the purely na-\n1948 provincial elections, the Union Nationale\ntional labor organizations; and (4) a number\ncontrols 82 of 92 seats in the Quebec legisla-\nof independent unions. The majority of Ca-\nture. The party is strongly nationalistic in\nnadian unions are affiliated with the three\ndefense of French-Canadian culture, institu-\nprincipal national federations in the first\ntions, and religion. It stands for provincial\nabove-mentioned category. Of these the\nautonomy as against the abandonment of any\nTrades and Labor Congress (TLC) is the old-\nof Quebec's prerogatives to Ottawa, and is con-\nest labor organization in Canada. It is made\nservative and anti-Communist.\nup primarily of long-established craft unions,\nIn the 1949 general election the Union Na-\nand three-fourths of TLC membership are in\ntionale came into the national political arena\nAFL international unions. The TLC has 439,-\nby lending its party machine and support to\n000 members in 2,779 locals, or about 45 per-\nthe Progressive Conservatives. This strategy\ncent of total union membership in Canada.\nproved a dismal failure and redounded to the\nThe Canadian Congress of Labor (CCL) is the\nfurther discredit of Duplessis, who has also\nsecond most important labor organization and\nrecently by his labor policies aroused the an-\nhas 338,000 members in 1,187 locals or about\ntagonism of labor and a section of the power-\n33 percent of total union membership. It\nful Catholic hierarchy. With these reverses\nconsists of industrial unions of which roughly\nof the Union Nationale in mind, the Liberals\ntwo-thirds are in international unions which\ntake heart for recapturing the Quebec govern-\nare Canadian branches of the Congress of In-\nment at the next provincial elections.\ndustrial Organizations. Together these two\norganizations account for more than three-\n4. Other Influential Groups.\nquarters of organized labor. About two-thirds\na. Labor Organizations in Canada.\nof Canadian trade unions belong to interna-\nThe Canadian labor movement has marked-\ntional unions with headquarters in the US.\nly increased its political articulateness during\nThe third labor federation is the Canadian\nthe past decade, and trade union membership\nand Catholic Confederation of Labor (CCCL),\nhas grown nearly three-fold, thereby greatly\na purely Canadian organization confined prin-\naugmenting the power and influence of labor\ncipally to the province of Quebec. With 93,-\nin Canada both industrially and politically.\n000 members in 428 branches it accounts for\nIn 1939 membership figures were 359,000; by\nless than 10 percent of total union member-\nthe end of 1948 they had jumped to 978,000.\nship and includes both craft and industrial\nRoughly one-quarter of all Canadian workers\nunions. These French-Canadian \"syndicates\"\nare members of trade unions, with the great-\nare not of significance nationally; the TLC\nest concentration of about 54 percent located\nand CCL also have a large French-Canadian\nin Ontario and Quebec provinces. Almost\nmembership. The four Railway Brother-\none-fifth of union membership is concen-\nhoods claim 41,126 members in 376 locals.\ntrated in the metals industry; the next larg-\nIn economic policies and in structure the\nest groups are in steam railway transporta-\nlabor movement of Canada has developed\ntion with approximately 15 percent, and in\nalong lines similar in many respects to those\nservices with 12 percent. The largest nu-\nobtaining in the US. It has also been influ-\nmerical gain during 1948 was in the construc-\nenced by British labor, from which it has in-\ntion industry where almost 20,000 new mem-\nherited traditions imported by British immi-\nbers were added.\ngrants. Although there is no labor party as\nCanadian labor does not speak with one\nsuch in Canada, there is increasing independ-\nvoice as does the British labor movement.\nent political action by labor, but it has not\nThere are: (1) three major federations of\nyet reached the point of voting as a bloc. On"
}