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d of
The highland of Galilee is divided into two
Eastward from the drainage divide, the cli-
nytic
parts by the Sahl el Battauf, a plain 9 miles
mate changes rapidly from a Mediterranean
since
long from west to east and 2 miles wide. Up-
type to a steppe type north of Wadi el Far'a
eing
per Galilee, the northernmost section, is
and to a desert climate south of Wadi el Far'a.
trus
structurally an offshoot of the Lebanon Moun-
Between Jerusalem and Jericho the average
tains, whereas Lower Galilee consists of a
annual rainfall decreases from 24 inches to 5
era-
series of narrow parallel ridges and open val-
inches.
laily
leys that trend west-east. Most of Upper Gali-
Evergreen oak and Aleppo pine are typical
nini-
lee is above 2,000 feet in elevation, with a large
vegetation in the Central Highlands. Few
in-
section over 3,000 feet. In Lower Galilee ele-
forested areas remain in Judea and Samaria,
vations are much lower.
vegetation of a maquis type having succeeded
de-
In Samaria, south of the Plain of Esdraelon,
the forests. In Galilee, 13 percent of the area
ures
the pattern of open valleys and parallel ridges
is still forested.
the
changes rapidly to one of continuous high-
not
lands with increasing elevations. Most of the
c. The Jordan Depression.
ths.
area is under 2,000 feet in elevation, with only
a few peaks of more than 2,500 feet. Mount
The Jordan Depression, which begins north
eeds
of Lake Hule, occupies the central section of
Carmel, which approaches near the sea at
nely
Haifa, is a westward extension of the Sama-
the rift valley that extends from the Valley
rian Highlands.
of Orontes in Lebanon to the Gulf of Aqaba.
age
A number of small streams flow from the
ths.
The highlands of Judea are more rugged
than those of Samaria. Access to both the
mountains of southwestern Syria and south-
and
Jordan Depression and the coastal plain is
eastern Lebanon, cross the marshy Hule
inct
ins.
through deep gorges. Elevation increases
Plain, and enter the northern end of Lake
No-
southward, with much of the district imme-
Hule. A single stream, the Jordan River,
emerges from the southern end of the lake
and
diately to the north of Hebron over 3,000 feet.
The
South of Hebron the elevation decreases, and
and, within a distance of 10 miles, falls from
the high plains are reached within 20 miles.
230 feet above sea level to 680 feet below sea
nue
20
The whole region is primarily one of denuded
level at Lake Tiberias. Throughout the 65
hills, from which the soil has been washed by
miles south of Lake Tiberias, the river main-
and
torrential winter rains and resulting rapid
tains a steep gradient but meanders tortuous-
run-off. Only in the vicinity of Ramallah is
ly between escarpments before reaching the
there sufficient soil for widespread cultivation.
Dead Sea, 1,290 feet below sea level.
The portion of the Central Highlands that
The marshy plain to the north of Lake Hule
lies to the west of the drainage divide is cli-
has been partially drained and brought under
matically similar to the coastal lowlands.
wheat cultivation. Before the Jewish colo-
oc-
Winter temperatures are lower than on the
nists drained the swamps, the area was ma-
coast, with a January mean of 50° F. and a
laria-ridden and nearly uninhabitable. Much
mean daily minimum of 40° F. Summer tem-
still remains to be done, but the plain shows
peratures are lower in Galilee and Samaria
promise of becoming one of the most produc-
igh
but higher in southern Judea than on the
tive agricultural areas of Palestine. The only
of
coast.
other parts of the Jordan Depression that are
in
The average annual rainfall in the Central
farmed extensively are the area around Bei-
Highlands increases from south to north and
san, the easternmost part of the Plain of Es-
gh-
from the lower to the higher elevations. Over
draelon, and the area around Jericho. The
a-
32 inches of rain are received annually near
Jericho area has recently become important
he
Ramallah in Judea and Mount Carmel in Sa-
for the production of winter vegetables and
vi-
maria, whereas the area west of Safad in Up-
tropical fruits.
ic.
per Galilee has an average annual rainfall of
For most of its length, the Jordan River
to
over 44 inches. Snow is common in the high-
he
flows through a valley, 3 to 4 miles wide, but
lands and occasionally is heavy enough to dis-
the intense heat of summer makes settlement
rupt transportation.
nearly impossible. The land south of the
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"ocrText": "35\nd of\nThe highland of Galilee is divided into two\nEastward from the drainage divide, the cli-\nnytic\nparts by the Sahl el Battauf, a plain 9 miles\nmate changes rapidly from a Mediterranean\nsince\nlong from west to east and 2 miles wide. Up-\ntype to a steppe type north of Wadi el Far'a\neing\nper Galilee, the northernmost section, is\nand to a desert climate south of Wadi el Far'a.\ntrus\nstructurally an offshoot of the Lebanon Moun-\nBetween Jerusalem and Jericho the average\ntains, whereas Lower Galilee consists of a\nannual rainfall decreases from 24 inches to 5\nera-\nseries of narrow parallel ridges and open val-\ninches.\nlaily\nleys that trend west-east. Most of Upper Gali-\nEvergreen oak and Aleppo pine are typical\nnini-\nlee is above 2,000 feet in elevation, with a large\nvegetation in the Central Highlands. Few\nin-\nsection over 3,000 feet. In Lower Galilee ele-\nforested areas remain in Judea and Samaria,\nvations are much lower.\nvegetation of a maquis type having succeeded\nde-\nIn Samaria, south of the Plain of Esdraelon,\nthe forests. In Galilee, 13 percent of the area\nures\nthe pattern of open valleys and parallel ridges\nis still forested.\nthe\nchanges rapidly to one of continuous high-\nnot\nlands with increasing elevations. Most of the\nc. The Jordan Depression.\nths.\narea is under 2,000 feet in elevation, with only\na few peaks of more than 2,500 feet. Mount\nThe Jordan Depression, which begins north\needs\nof Lake Hule, occupies the central section of\nCarmel, which approaches near the sea at\nnely\nHaifa, is a westward extension of the Sama-\nthe rift valley that extends from the Valley\nrian Highlands.\nof Orontes in Lebanon to the Gulf of Aqaba.\nage\nA number of small streams flow from the\nths.\nThe highlands of Judea are more rugged\nthan those of Samaria. Access to both the\nmountains of southwestern Syria and south-\nand\nJordan Depression and the coastal plain is\neastern Lebanon, cross the marshy Hule\ninct\nins.\nthrough deep gorges. Elevation increases\nPlain, and enter the northern end of Lake\nNo-\nsouthward, with much of the district imme-\nHule. A single stream, the Jordan River,\nemerges from the southern end of the lake\nand\ndiately to the north of Hebron over 3,000 feet.\nThe\nSouth of Hebron the elevation decreases, and\nand, within a distance of 10 miles, falls from\nthe high plains are reached within 20 miles.\n230 feet above sea level to 680 feet below sea\nnue\n20\nThe whole region is primarily one of denuded\nlevel at Lake Tiberias. Throughout the 65\nhills, from which the soil has been washed by\nmiles south of Lake Tiberias, the river main-\nand\ntorrential winter rains and resulting rapid\ntains a steep gradient but meanders tortuous-\nrun-off. Only in the vicinity of Ramallah is\nly between escarpments before reaching the\nthere sufficient soil for widespread cultivation.\nDead Sea, 1,290 feet below sea level.\nThe portion of the Central Highlands that\nThe marshy plain to the north of Lake Hule\nlies to the west of the drainage divide is cli-\nhas been partially drained and brought under\nmatically similar to the coastal lowlands.\nwheat cultivation. Before the Jewish colo-\noc-\nWinter temperatures are lower than on the\nnists drained the swamps, the area was ma-\ncoast, with a January mean of 50° F. and a\nlaria-ridden and nearly uninhabitable. Much\nmean daily minimum of 40° F. Summer tem-\nstill remains to be done, but the plain shows\nperatures are lower in Galilee and Samaria\npromise of becoming one of the most produc-\nigh\nbut higher in southern Judea than on the\ntive agricultural areas of Palestine. The only\nof\ncoast.\nother parts of the Jordan Depression that are\nin\nThe average annual rainfall in the Central\nfarmed extensively are the area around Bei-\nHighlands increases from south to north and\nsan, the easternmost part of the Plain of Es-\ngh-\nfrom the lower to the higher elevations. Over\ndraelon, and the area around Jericho. The\na-\n32 inches of rain are received annually near\nJericho area has recently become important\nhe\nRamallah in Judea and Mount Carmel in Sa-\nfor the production of winter vegetables and\nvi-\nmaria, whereas the area west of Safad in Up-\ntropical fruits.\nic.\nper Galilee has an average annual rainfall of\nFor most of its length, the Jordan River\nto\nover 44 inches. Snow is common in the high-\nhe\nflows through a valley, 3 to 4 miles wide, but\nlands and occasionally is heavy enough to dis-\nthe intense heat of summer makes settlement\nrupt transportation.\nnearly impossible. The land south of the"
}