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35 d of The highland of Galilee is divided into two Eastward from the drainage divide, the cli- nytic parts by the Sahl el Battauf, a plain 9 miles mate changes rapidly from a Mediterranean since long from west to east and 2 miles wide. Up- type to a steppe type north of Wadi el Far'a eing per Galilee, the northernmost section, is and to a desert climate south of Wadi el Far'a. trus structurally an offshoot of the Lebanon Moun- Between Jerusalem and Jericho the average tains, whereas Lower Galilee consists of a annual rainfall decreases from 24 inches to 5 era- series of narrow parallel ridges and open val- inches. laily leys that trend west-east. Most of Upper Gali- Evergreen oak and Aleppo pine are typical nini- lee is above 2,000 feet in elevation, with a large vegetation in the Central Highlands. Few in- section over 3,000 feet. In Lower Galilee ele- forested areas remain in Judea and Samaria, vations are much lower. vegetation of a maquis type having succeeded de- In Samaria, south of the Plain of Esdraelon, the forests. In Galilee, 13 percent of the area ures the pattern of open valleys and parallel ridges is still forested. the changes rapidly to one of continuous high- not lands with increasing elevations. Most of the c. The Jordan Depression. ths. area is under 2,000 feet in elevation, with only a few peaks of more than 2,500 feet. Mount The Jordan Depression, which begins north eeds of Lake Hule, occupies the central section of Carmel, which approaches near the sea at nely Haifa, is a westward extension of the Sama- the rift valley that extends from the Valley rian Highlands. of Orontes in Lebanon to the Gulf of Aqaba. age A number of small streams flow from the ths. The highlands of Judea are more rugged than those of Samaria. Access to both the mountains of southwestern Syria and south- and Jordan Depression and the coastal plain is eastern Lebanon, cross the marshy Hule inct ins. through deep gorges. Elevation increases Plain, and enter the northern end of Lake No- southward, with much of the district imme- Hule. A single stream, the Jordan River, emerges from the southern end of the lake and diately to the north of Hebron over 3,000 feet. The South of Hebron the elevation decreases, and and, within a distance of 10 miles, falls from the high plains are reached within 20 miles. 230 feet above sea level to 680 feet below sea nue 20 The whole region is primarily one of denuded level at Lake Tiberias. Throughout the 65 hills, from which the soil has been washed by miles south of Lake Tiberias, the river main- and torrential winter rains and resulting rapid tains a steep gradient but meanders tortuous- run-off. Only in the vicinity of Ramallah is ly between escarpments before reaching the there sufficient soil for widespread cultivation. Dead Sea, 1,290 feet below sea level. The portion of the Central Highlands that The marshy plain to the north of Lake Hule lies to the west of the drainage divide is cli- has been partially drained and brought under matically similar to the coastal lowlands. wheat cultivation. Before the Jewish colo- oc- Winter temperatures are lower than on the nists drained the swamps, the area was ma- coast, with a January mean of 50° F. and a laria-ridden and nearly uninhabitable. Much mean daily minimum of 40° F. Summer tem- still remains to be done, but the plain shows peratures are lower in Galilee and Samaria promise of becoming one of the most produc- igh but higher in southern Judea than on the tive agricultural areas of Palestine. The only of coast. other parts of the Jordan Depression that are in The average annual rainfall in the Central farmed extensively are the area around Bei- Highlands increases from south to north and san, the easternmost part of the Plain of Es- gh- from the lower to the higher elevations. Over draelon, and the area around Jericho. The a- 32 inches of rain are received annually near Jericho area has recently become important he Ramallah in Judea and Mount Carmel in Sa- for the production of winter vegetables and vi- maria, whereas the area west of Safad in Up- tropical fruits. ic. per Galilee has an average annual rainfall of For most of its length, the Jordan River to over 44 inches. Snow is common in the high- he flows through a valley, 3 to 4 miles wide, but lands and occasionally is heavy enough to dis- the intense heat of summer makes settlement rupt transportation. nearly impossible. The land south of the

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    "ocrText": "35\nd of\nThe highland of Galilee is divided into two\nEastward from the drainage divide, the cli-\nnytic\nparts by the Sahl el Battauf, a plain 9 miles\nmate changes rapidly from a Mediterranean\nsince\nlong from west to east and 2 miles wide. Up-\ntype to a steppe type north of Wadi el Far'a\neing\nper Galilee, the northernmost section, is\nand to a desert climate south of Wadi el Far'a.\ntrus\nstructurally an offshoot of the Lebanon Moun-\nBetween Jerusalem and Jericho the average\ntains, whereas Lower Galilee consists of a\nannual rainfall decreases from 24 inches to 5\nera-\nseries of narrow parallel ridges and open val-\ninches.\nlaily\nleys that trend west-east. Most of Upper Gali-\nEvergreen oak and Aleppo pine are typical\nnini-\nlee is above 2,000 feet in elevation, with a large\nvegetation in the Central Highlands. Few\nin-\nsection over 3,000 feet. In Lower Galilee ele-\nforested areas remain in Judea and Samaria,\nvations are much lower.\nvegetation of a maquis type having succeeded\nde-\nIn Samaria, south of the Plain of Esdraelon,\nthe forests. In Galilee, 13 percent of the area\nures\nthe pattern of open valleys and parallel ridges\nis still forested.\nthe\nchanges rapidly to one of continuous high-\nnot\nlands with increasing elevations. Most of the\nc. The Jordan Depression.\nths.\narea is under 2,000 feet in elevation, with only\na few peaks of more than 2,500 feet. Mount\nThe Jordan Depression, which begins north\needs\nof Lake Hule, occupies the central section of\nCarmel, which approaches near the sea at\nnely\nHaifa, is a westward extension of the Sama-\nthe rift valley that extends from the Valley\nrian Highlands.\nof Orontes in Lebanon to the Gulf of Aqaba.\nage\nA number of small streams flow from the\nths.\nThe highlands of Judea are more rugged\nthan those of Samaria. Access to both the\nmountains of southwestern Syria and south-\nand\nJordan Depression and the coastal plain is\neastern Lebanon, cross the marshy Hule\ninct\nins.\nthrough deep gorges. Elevation increases\nPlain, and enter the northern end of Lake\nNo-\nsouthward, with much of the district imme-\nHule. A single stream, the Jordan River,\nemerges from the southern end of the lake\nand\ndiately to the north of Hebron over 3,000 feet.\nThe\nSouth of Hebron the elevation decreases, and\nand, within a distance of 10 miles, falls from\nthe high plains are reached within 20 miles.\n230 feet above sea level to 680 feet below sea\nnue\n20\nThe whole region is primarily one of denuded\nlevel at Lake Tiberias. Throughout the 65\nhills, from which the soil has been washed by\nmiles south of Lake Tiberias, the river main-\nand\ntorrential winter rains and resulting rapid\ntains a steep gradient but meanders tortuous-\nrun-off. Only in the vicinity of Ramallah is\nly between escarpments before reaching the\nthere sufficient soil for widespread cultivation.\nDead Sea, 1,290 feet below sea level.\nThe portion of the Central Highlands that\nThe marshy plain to the north of Lake Hule\nlies to the west of the drainage divide is cli-\nhas been partially drained and brought under\nmatically similar to the coastal lowlands.\nwheat cultivation. Before the Jewish colo-\noc-\nWinter temperatures are lower than on the\nnists drained the swamps, the area was ma-\ncoast, with a January mean of 50° F. and a\nlaria-ridden and nearly uninhabitable. Much\nmean daily minimum of 40° F. Summer tem-\nstill remains to be done, but the plain shows\nperatures are lower in Galilee and Samaria\npromise of becoming one of the most produc-\nigh\nbut higher in southern Judea than on the\ntive agricultural areas of Palestine. The only\nof\ncoast.\nother parts of the Jordan Depression that are\nin\nThe average annual rainfall in the Central\nfarmed extensively are the area around Bei-\nHighlands increases from south to north and\nsan, the easternmost part of the Plain of Es-\ngh-\nfrom the lower to the higher elevations. Over\ndraelon, and the area around Jericho. The\na-\n32 inches of rain are received annually near\nJericho area has recently become important\nhe\nRamallah in Judea and Mount Carmel in Sa-\nfor the production of winter vegetables and\nvi-\nmaria, whereas the area west of Safad in Up-\ntropical fruits.\nic.\nper Galilee has an average annual rainfall of\nFor most of its length, the Jordan River\nto\nover 44 inches. Snow is common in the high-\nhe\nflows through a valley, 3 to 4 miles wide, but\nlands and occasionally is heavy enough to dis-\nthe intense heat of summer makes settlement\nrupt transportation.\nnearly impossible. The land south of the"
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