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CHAPTER I
ulties,
ressive
POLITICAL SITUATION
ularly
Any
1. Genesis of Present Situation.
tween
Arabs again rose up against an increase in
ely af-
Israel owes its existence as an independent
Jewish immigration. The Passfield White
t the
sovereign state to a complex of social, polit-
Paper, issued in 1930 after an investigation of
in the
ical, philanthropic, and international forces.
the Arab riots, recommended that Jewish im-
The most important single factor, however, is
migration be restricted by the "economic ab-
Zionism, a Jewish nationalist movement that
sorptive capacity" of the country. Shortly
developed in the latter part of the 19th cen-
thereafter, the effects of this limitation were
tury after a wave of persecution in Eastern
nullified in the so-called Black Letter of 1931
Europe. Zionism as a political movement
from Prime Minister MacDonald to Dr. Weiz-
originated in 1897 under the leadership of
mann.
Theodore Herzl, who had for many years
From 1931 to 1936 progress in industry and
championed the idea of a home for the Jews
agriculture helped to ease the tension in Pales-
in Palestine. Thereafter immigration in-
tine, but the refusal of the Jews and Arabs to
creased rapidly and by 1922 the Jewish popu-
cooperate politically made it impossible to
lation of Palestine had grown to 85,000. In
establish a legislative council. Jewish immi-
1917 Zionism won its first great political vic-
gration steadily continued, and in 1936 smol-
tory when the British Government issued the
dering Arab resentment flared into new vio-
Balfour Declaration favoring the establish-
lence. The Peel Commission, which was sent
ment in Palestine of a National Home for the
out by the British Government in 1936 to in-
Jews. From 1917, when the UK established
vestigate the disturbances and to study the
its control over Palestine, until May 1948 suc-
whole Palestine problem, admitted that the
cessive British Governments waged an un-
mandate was unworkable and recommended
ceasing and unsuccessful battle to reconcile
the partition of Palestine between the Arabs
the conflicting ambitions of the Jews and
and the Jews, with a continued British Man-
Arabs in Palestine. On the basis of the Bal-
date over the Holy cities of Jerusalem, Bethle-
four Declaration the British Government per-
hem, and Nazareth. This suggestion was re-
mitted Jewish immigration so long as it did
jected by the Woodhead Commission sent out
not in its view prejudice the rights of the
in 1938 to determine the boundaries for the
Arabs in Palestine, and recognized an official
partitioned areas, whereupon the British Gov-
Jewish Agency to work with the Mandate Gov-
ernment abandoned the idea of partition and
ernment in building up the Jewish Homeland.
called a meeting of Jewish and Arab leaders
In spite of the 1920 ordinance fixing an an-
to work out a scheme for a united Palestine.
nual Jewish immigration quota of 16,500,
Meanwhile, Arab terrorism increased, and a
however, serious anti-Jewish riots took place
Jewish undercover army was formed to defend
in 1921. In 1922 the UK issued the Churchill
the Jewish settlements from Arab attack.
White Paper, which outlined the projected
When the Jewish-Arab talks failed to pro-
steps in self-government for Palestine and as-
duce agreement on any plan, the British is-
sured the Arabs that the UK had no intention
sued the White Paper of 1939, which proposed
of permitting the establishment of a Jewish
measures of partial self-government to lead
state in Palestine.
to the establishment of an independent, uni-
Palestine, governed according to the British
tary Jewish-Arab Palestine state in ten years'
Crown Colony model, enjoyed a period of rela-
time. Other proposals in the White Paper,
tive peace from 1923 until 1929, when the
which gave the Arabs the right to restrict
3
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"ocrText": "to re-\nd prob-\nsingly\nfrom\norder\nCHAPTER I\nulties,\nressive\nPOLITICAL SITUATION\nularly\nAny\n1. Genesis of Present Situation.\ntween\nArabs again rose up against an increase in\nely af-\nIsrael owes its existence as an independent\nJewish immigration. The Passfield White\nt the\nsovereign state to a complex of social, polit-\nPaper, issued in 1930 after an investigation of\nin the\nical, philanthropic, and international forces.\nthe Arab riots, recommended that Jewish im-\nThe most important single factor, however, is\nmigration be restricted by the \"economic ab-\nZionism, a Jewish nationalist movement that\nsorptive capacity\" of the country. Shortly\ndeveloped in the latter part of the 19th cen-\nthereafter, the effects of this limitation were\ntury after a wave of persecution in Eastern\nnullified in the so-called Black Letter of 1931\nEurope. Zionism as a political movement\nfrom Prime Minister MacDonald to Dr. Weiz-\noriginated in 1897 under the leadership of\nmann.\nTheodore Herzl, who had for many years\nFrom 1931 to 1936 progress in industry and\nchampioned the idea of a home for the Jews\nagriculture helped to ease the tension in Pales-\nin Palestine. Thereafter immigration in-\ntine, but the refusal of the Jews and Arabs to\ncreased rapidly and by 1922 the Jewish popu-\ncooperate politically made it impossible to\nlation of Palestine had grown to 85,000. In\nestablish a legislative council. Jewish immi-\n1917 Zionism won its first great political vic-\ngration steadily continued, and in 1936 smol-\ntory when the British Government issued the\ndering Arab resentment flared into new vio-\nBalfour Declaration favoring the establish-\nlence. The Peel Commission, which was sent\nment in Palestine of a National Home for the\nout by the British Government in 1936 to in-\nJews. From 1917, when the UK established\nvestigate the disturbances and to study the\nits control over Palestine, until May 1948 suc-\nwhole Palestine problem, admitted that the\ncessive British Governments waged an un-\nmandate was unworkable and recommended\nceasing and unsuccessful battle to reconcile\nthe partition of Palestine between the Arabs\nthe conflicting ambitions of the Jews and\nand the Jews, with a continued British Man-\nArabs in Palestine. On the basis of the Bal-\ndate over the Holy cities of Jerusalem, Bethle-\nfour Declaration the British Government per-\nhem, and Nazareth. This suggestion was re-\nmitted Jewish immigration so long as it did\njected by the Woodhead Commission sent out\nnot in its view prejudice the rights of the\nin 1938 to determine the boundaries for the\nArabs in Palestine, and recognized an official\npartitioned areas, whereupon the British Gov-\nJewish Agency to work with the Mandate Gov-\nernment abandoned the idea of partition and\nernment in building up the Jewish Homeland.\ncalled a meeting of Jewish and Arab leaders\nIn spite of the 1920 ordinance fixing an an-\nto work out a scheme for a united Palestine.\nnual Jewish immigration quota of 16,500,\nMeanwhile, Arab terrorism increased, and a\nhowever, serious anti-Jewish riots took place\nJewish undercover army was formed to defend\nin 1921. In 1922 the UK issued the Churchill\nthe Jewish settlements from Arab attack.\nWhite Paper, which outlined the projected\nWhen the Jewish-Arab talks failed to pro-\nsteps in self-government for Palestine and as-\nduce agreement on any plan, the British is-\nsured the Arabs that the UK had no intention\nsued the White Paper of 1939, which proposed\nof permitting the establishment of a Jewish\nmeasures of partial self-government to lead\nstate in Palestine.\nto the establishment of an independent, uni-\nPalestine, governed according to the British\ntary Jewish-Arab Palestine state in ten years'\nCrown Colony model, enjoyed a period of rela-\ntime. Other proposals in the White Paper,\ntive peace from 1923 until 1929, when the\nwhich gave the Arabs the right to restrict\n3"
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