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AT 112 foodstuffs. But we shouldn't forget that during the war also China got along without imports of food from the rest of the world. In other words, by taking a lower standard of living they can survive. Now that is a situa. tion that the Commies are taking over. Their program, avowodly, is a program of Industrialization. They say they intend to raise China from an agricultural to an in- dustrial state rapidly. Some of the more hopeful of the party leaders speak of 10 to 15 years; others speak of longer periods. They have not attempted to socialize or communize the whole economy. What they are doing is to introduce what might be called a mixed economy. They have taken over all the enterprises which were formerly in the hands of the National government, and that covered a good sector of the economy. They are also confiscating what they call "buregucratic capital", which accounts for another substantial part of the economy. But they say that they intend to protect and encourage private enter- prise at the same time, and their reason is very logical because they say production comes first. That is the emphasis of their whole program. MR. STALEY: Would you explain at that point what is ARCHIVES "NATIONAL RECORDS SERVICE" AND they mean by "burecucratic capital"? sovennent LIR. BROWN: It has never been carefully defined, but it appears to mean the enterprises owned by the Chiangs, the Kungs, the Sungs, and the Chens. They speak of the four bureaucratic families, and I presume there are some fringes around that too which they include. In that connection, they have said that they intend to respect the private ownership of shares in enterprises which are jointly operated by government and private capital. In fact, what they have done up to now has hardly been en- couraging to private enterprise. That may be because of circunstances which they couldn' change, but there has been heavy taxation and, of course, there has been a stag- nation of business due to the practical cessation of foreign trade and to the blockade. There have been labor difficulties affecting both foreign and Chinese firms. The Communist propaganda, of course, led labor to believe that it would definitely have the upper hand and there are indications that even the Communists themselves may be somewhat disturbed at some of the excesses. But in any case two very important difficulties, I think, must be faced by the Communists as a result of the poverty of the country and of their program as they have expounded it. The first has to do with their relations with the industrial

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    "ocrText": "AT\n112\nfoodstuffs. But we shouldn't forget that during the war\nalso China got along without imports of food from the\nrest of the world. In other words, by taking a lower\nstandard of living they can survive. Now that is a situa.\ntion that the Commies are taking over. Their program,\navowodly, is a program of Industrialization. They say\nthey intend to raise China from an agricultural to an in-\ndustrial state rapidly. Some of the more hopeful of the\nparty leaders speak of 10 to 15 years; others speak of\nlonger periods. They have not attempted to socialize or\ncommunize the whole economy. What they are doing is to\nintroduce what might be called a mixed economy. They have\ntaken over all the enterprises which were formerly in the\nhands of the National government, and that covered a good\nsector of the economy. They are also confiscating what\nthey call \"buregucratic capital\", which accounts for\nanother substantial part of the economy. But they say\nthat they intend to protect and encourage private enter-\nprise at the same time, and their reason is very logical\nbecause they say production comes first. That is the\nemphasis of their whole program.\nMR. STALEY: Would you explain at that point what\nis ARCHIVES \"NATIONAL RECORDS SERVICE\" AND\nthey mean by \"burecucratic capital\"?\nsovennent\nLIR. BROWN: It has never been carefully defined, but\nit appears to mean the enterprises owned by the Chiangs,\nthe Kungs, the Sungs, and the Chens. They speak of the\nfour bureaucratic families, and I presume there are some\nfringes around that too which they include. In that\nconnection, they have said that they intend to respect\nthe private ownership of shares in enterprises which are\njointly operated by government and private capital. In\nfact, what they have done up to now has hardly been en-\ncouraging to private enterprise. That may be because of\ncircunstances which they couldn' change, but there has\nbeen heavy taxation and, of course, there has been a stag-\nnation of business due to the practical cessation of\nforeign trade and to the blockade. There have been labor\ndifficulties affecting both foreign and Chinese firms.\nThe Communist propaganda, of course, led labor to believe\nthat it would definitely have the upper hand and there\nare indications that even the Communists themselves may\nbe somewhat disturbed at some of the excesses. But in\nany case two very important difficulties, I think, must\nbe faced by the Communists as a result of the poverty of\nthe country and of their program as they have expounded\nit. The first has to do with their relations with the\nindustrial"
}