Ask the Scholar

Page 356 of 436
I can add historical knowledge about this page.

Page image

Page 356

OCR

J. 333305-MONO-State Galley 355 UNCORRECTED GALLEY PROOF The central islands have the further strategic value of constituting stepping stones from the southern to the northern group. The northern group, comprising three principal islands, Para- mushiro, Shimushu and Araito, is important both for its fisheries and for its air and naval bases. The value of the fisheries and of other marine products in and around the northern group amounted in 1938 to $7,000,000 of the total $9,000,000 for all of the Kuriles. Geograph- ically, the group represents a continuation of Kamchatka, the strait separating Shimushu from Kamchatka being only seven miles wide. Important factors which may affect the decision as to the disposi- tion of the Kuriles are (1) the desire of the American Navy that a United Nations base or bases should be established on some of the islands, (2) possible pressure from the Soviet Government, whether or not it enters the war against Japan, for the acquisition of the north- ern and central groups and possibly of all the Kuriles, and (3) the desirability of extending the principle of international control to all of the islands detached from the Japanese Empire as a result of the war. B. Claims and Possible Solutions 1. Japan Japan has a strong claim to the southern group of the Kuriles on the basis of nationality, self-determination, geographic propinquity, eco- nomic need and historic possession. Japan's claim to the central islands is based almost solely on the ground of possession. If, as it may be assumed, the southern and central islands should be demilitarized and subject, for such a period as may appear adequate, to a system of military inspection by an international agency, their retention by Japan would appear not to constitute a threat to other states. To the northern group Japan's claim is based primarily on its need to retain the fishing industry centered on those islands. Ownership of the islands would be more satisfactory to Japan than a grant of fishing rights in territory under control of one or more other powers. However, whatever disposition may be made of the Kuriles, Japan might be permitted to continue to carry on its fishing industry throughout the islands. 2. The Soviet Union The Soviet Union has a substantial claim to the northern group, Shimushu, Paramushiro and Araito, on the grounds of propinquity and the consequent desirability of controlling these islands to prevent them from becoming a military menace if in the possession of a hostile power. The Soviet Government may ask not only for the northern islands, but also for the central and possibly even for the southern group. Possession of the northern and central islands would give the Soviet Union control of passages into the Okhotsk Sea which are practically ice-free throughout the year There would seem, however, to be few factors which would justify a Soviet claim to the southern islands; this transfer to the Soviet Union would create a situation which a future Japan would find difficult to accept as a permanent solution. It would deprive Japan of islands which are historically and ethnically Japanese and of waters which are valuable for fishing. If the southern islands should be fortified they would be a continuing menace to Japan.

Page data

Page
356
Source index
0
Type
photo
Media ID
27abae30e1ebf477
Size
unknown

Document data

ID
750433
Core
doc
Type
document
DTO data
{
    "id": "750433",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750433",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "Foreign Affairs File, 1940-1953: \"Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945\" (galley proofs, Part I)",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750433",
    "collections": [
        "President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration)",
        "Subject Files"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-001.jpg",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-001.jpg",
    "largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-001.jpg",
    "imageCount": 436,
    "hasImages": true,
    "source": "import",
    "hasTranscription": false
}

Context sent to Scholar

Document identity
{
    "localId": "750433",
    "label": "Foreign Affairs File, 1940-1953: \"Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945\" (galley proofs, Part I)",
    "core": "doc",
    "dtoType": "document",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750433"
}
Document source metadata
{
    "id": "750433",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750433",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "Foreign Affairs File, 1940-1953: \"Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945\" (galley proofs, Part I)",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750433",
    "collections": [
        "President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration)",
        "Subject Files"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-001.jpg",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-001.jpg",
    "largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-001.jpg",
    "imageCount": 436,
    "hasImages": true,
    "source": "import",
    "hasTranscription": false
}
Document source extras
{
    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750433",
    "naId": 750433,
    "levelOfDescription": "fileUnit",
    "recordType": "description",
    "ocrSource": "nara-archive"
}
Page context
{
    "seq": 356,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750433/750433-01-356.jpg",
    "mediaId": "27abae30e1ebf477",
    "ocrText": "J. 333305-MONO-State\nGalley 355\nUNCORRECTED GALLEY PROOF\nThe central islands have the further strategic value of constituting\nstepping stones from the southern to the northern group.\nThe northern group, comprising three principal islands, Para-\nmushiro, Shimushu and Araito, is important both for its fisheries and\nfor its air and naval bases. The value of the fisheries and of other\nmarine products in and around the northern group amounted in 1938\nto $7,000,000 of the total $9,000,000 for all of the Kuriles. Geograph-\nically, the group represents a continuation of Kamchatka, the strait\nseparating Shimushu from Kamchatka being only seven miles wide.\nImportant factors which may affect the decision as to the disposi-\ntion of the Kuriles are (1) the desire of the American Navy that a\nUnited Nations base or bases should be established on some of the\nislands, (2) possible pressure from the Soviet Government, whether\nor not it enters the war against Japan, for the acquisition of the north-\nern and central groups and possibly of all the Kuriles, and (3) the\ndesirability of extending the principle of international control to all of\nthe islands detached from the Japanese Empire as a result of the war.\nB. Claims and Possible Solutions\n1. Japan\nJapan has a strong claim to the southern group of the Kuriles on the\nbasis of nationality, self-determination, geographic propinquity, eco-\nnomic need and historic possession.\nJapan's claim to the central islands is based almost solely on the\nground of possession. If, as it may be assumed, the southern and\ncentral islands should be demilitarized and subject, for such a period\nas may appear adequate, to a system of military inspection by an\ninternational agency, their retention by Japan would appear not to\nconstitute a threat to other states.\nTo the northern group Japan's claim is based primarily on its need\nto retain the fishing industry centered on those islands. Ownership\nof the islands would be more satisfactory to Japan than a grant\nof\nfishing rights in territory under control of one or more other powers.\nHowever, whatever disposition may be made of the Kuriles, Japan\nmight be permitted to continue to carry on its fishing industry\nthroughout the islands.\n2. The Soviet Union\nThe Soviet Union has a substantial claim to the northern group,\nShimushu, Paramushiro and Araito, on the grounds of propinquity\nand the consequent desirability of controlling these islands to prevent\nthem from becoming a military menace if in the possession of a hostile\npower.\nThe Soviet Government may ask not only for the northern islands,\nbut also for the central and possibly even for the southern group.\nPossession of the northern and central islands would give the Soviet\nUnion control of passages into the Okhotsk Sea which are practically\nice-free throughout the year There would seem, however, to be\nfew factors which would justify a Soviet claim to the southern\nislands; this transfer to the Soviet Union would create a situation\nwhich a future Japan would find difficult to accept as a permanent\nsolution. It would deprive Japan of islands which are historically\nand ethnically Japanese and of waters which are valuable for fishing.\nIf the southern islands should be fortified they would be a continuing\nmenace to Japan."
}