Ask the Scholar

Page 37 of 410
I can add historical knowledge about this page.

Page image

Page 37

OCR

J. 333305-MONO-State Galley 466 UNCORRECTED GALLEY PROOF to capture additional islands in the Ryukyus either to the north or south of Okinawa. In general, future operations in the Pacific were designed to avoid full-scale land battles against Japanese forces, involving heavy casual- ties and slowing up the conduct of the campaign. With regard to operations in the Philippines it was not visualized that major United States forces would be used in mopping-up opera- tions nor that the island of Mindanao and others to the south would be assaulted by United States forces. Rather, it was hoped that with U.S troops holding certain key positions, the rearmed Philippine Army and guerillas would be able to carry out the necessary mopping- up operations. In view of the above considerations it was hoped to avoid an assault on Formosa and to isolate and bomb Japanese forces in the island from positions in the Ryukyus and Luzon. The dates on which any of the possible alternative operations could be undertaken and the choice of such operations was dependent on the results of present operations in Luzon and on the date of the termination of the war in Europe. It was unlikely that both Hainan and North Borneo could be undertaken. The importance of adequate bases and staging points was stressed. A fleet base was being developed on the southeast tip of Samar and it was estimated that three months' work could be achieved on this base before any work could be done to render Manila available to the fleet. It might, in fact, be decided not to recondition the Manila base at all. A base had also been developed in Ulithi 9 which was some 1100 miles to the westward of Eniwetok 10 which had previously been used as a base and staging point. 9 Ulithi or Mackenzie Islands, in approximately 10°6' north latitude and 139°50' east longitude, a large coral atoll with a cluster of low, sandy islands surrounding a central lagoon, toward the western extremity of the Caroline Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. Occupied by United States forces on September 20-21, 1944, Ulithi was subsequently developed into a base for the United States fleet operating against Japan. 10 A large, nearly circular, coral atoll consisting of about thirty islets of varying size surrounding a lagoon, at the northwest end of the Marshall Islands, in approxi- mately 11°21' north latitude and 162°20' east longitude. Seized by United States forces in February 1944 and converted into an air and naval base, Eniwetok has been used by the United States since 1948 as a testing ground for atomic experiments. The difficulties of developing the northern sea route to Russia were emphasized. The two divisions which had been earmarked for an assault on the Kuriles had now been diverted to Europe and it was unlikely that further forces would be available for this operation. Further, the sea lane to Russian ports was rendered difficult and in certain instances impossible during the winter months due to ice conditions. The Russians had asked for some 85 additional ships to enable them to stock up their eastern armies. The provision of such ships would of course affect the course of operations elsewhere. In order to make a sea route safe and effective it would be necessary to seize an island in the Kuriles from which air cover could provide safe passage either to the north or south of it. Unless such an operational base was seized by the first of July its value would be lost due to ice conditions preventing the passage of ships. At present ships flying the Russian flag were convoying "civilian-type" supplies to the Maritime Provinces. To sum up, it was unlikely that the operation against Kyushu

Page data

Page
37
Source index
0
Type
photo
Media ID
7375a1c484e4ac35
Size
unknown

Document data

ID
750434
Core
doc
Type
document
DTO data
{
    "id": "750434",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750434",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "Foreign Affairs File, 1940-1953: \"Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945\" (galley proofs, Part II)",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750434",
    "collections": [
        "President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration)",
        "Subject Files"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-001.jpg",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-001.jpg",
    "largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-001.jpg",
    "imageCount": 410,
    "hasImages": true,
    "source": "import",
    "hasTranscription": false
}

Context sent to Scholar

Document identity
{
    "localId": "750434",
    "label": "Foreign Affairs File, 1940-1953: \"Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945\" (galley proofs, Part II)",
    "core": "doc",
    "dtoType": "document",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750434"
}
Document source metadata
{
    "id": "750434",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750434",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "Foreign Affairs File, 1940-1953: \"Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945\" (galley proofs, Part II)",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750434",
    "collections": [
        "President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration)",
        "Subject Files"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-001.jpg",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-001.jpg",
    "largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-001.jpg",
    "imageCount": 410,
    "hasImages": true,
    "source": "import",
    "hasTranscription": false
}
Document source extras
{
    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/750434",
    "naId": 750434,
    "levelOfDescription": "fileUnit",
    "recordType": "description",
    "ocrSource": "nara-archive"
}
Page context
{
    "seq": 37,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/truman/hst-psf/602191/750434/750434-01-037.jpg",
    "mediaId": "7375a1c484e4ac35",
    "ocrText": "J. 333305-MONO-State\nGalley\n466\nUNCORRECTED GALLEY PROOF\nto capture additional islands in the Ryukyus either to the north or\nsouth of Okinawa.\nIn general, future operations in the Pacific were designed to avoid\nfull-scale land battles against Japanese forces, involving heavy casual-\nties and slowing up the conduct of the campaign.\nWith regard to operations in the Philippines it was not visualized\nthat major United States forces would be used in mopping-up opera-\ntions nor that the island of Mindanao and others to the south would\nbe assaulted by United States forces. Rather, it was hoped that\nwith U.S troops holding certain key positions, the rearmed Philippine\nArmy and guerillas would be able to carry out the necessary mopping-\nup operations.\nIn view of the above considerations it was hoped to avoid an assault\non Formosa and to isolate and bomb Japanese forces in the island\nfrom positions in the Ryukyus and Luzon.\nThe dates on which any of the possible alternative operations could\nbe undertaken and the choice of such operations was dependent on\nthe results of present operations in Luzon and on the date of the\ntermination of the war in Europe. It was unlikely that both Hainan\nand North Borneo could be undertaken.\nThe importance of adequate bases and staging points was stressed.\nA fleet base was being developed on the southeast tip of Samar and it\nwas estimated that three months' work could be achieved on this\nbase before any work could be done to render Manila available to the\nfleet. It might, in fact, be decided not to recondition the Manila base\nat all. A base had also been developed in Ulithi 9 which was some\n1100 miles to the westward of Eniwetok 10 which had previously been\nused as a base and staging point.\n9 Ulithi or Mackenzie Islands, in approximately 10°6' north latitude and 139°50'\neast longitude, a large coral atoll with a cluster of low, sandy islands surrounding\na central lagoon, toward the western extremity of the Caroline Islands in the\nwestern Pacific Ocean. Occupied by United States forces on September 20-21,\n1944, Ulithi was subsequently developed into a base for the United States fleet\noperating against Japan.\n10 A large, nearly circular, coral atoll consisting of about thirty islets of varying\nsize surrounding a lagoon, at the northwest end of the Marshall Islands, in approxi-\nmately 11°21' north latitude and 162°20' east longitude. Seized by United States\nforces in February 1944 and converted into an air and naval base, Eniwetok has\nbeen used by the United States since 1948 as a testing ground for atomic\nexperiments.\nThe difficulties of developing the northern sea route to Russia were\nemphasized. The two divisions which had been earmarked for an\nassault on the Kuriles had now been diverted to Europe and it was\nunlikely that further forces would be available for this operation.\nFurther, the sea lane to Russian ports was rendered difficult and in\ncertain instances impossible during the winter months due to ice\nconditions.\nThe Russians had asked for some 85 additional ships to enable them\nto stock up their eastern armies. The provision of such ships would\nof course affect the course of operations elsewhere. In order to make\na sea route safe and effective it would be necessary to seize an island\nin the Kuriles from which air cover could provide safe passage either\nto the north or south of it. Unless such an operational base was\nseized by the first of July its value would be lost due to ice conditions\npreventing the passage of ships. At present ships flying the Russian\nflag were convoying \"civilian-type\" supplies to the Maritime Provinces.\nTo sum up, it was unlikely that the operation against Kyushu"
}