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RESTRICTED MILITARY POLICY resources of the country, and it cannot be maintained however, and less progress has been made in establishing effectively unless Soviet aid is substantially increased. a permanent Communist-indoctrinated cadre. Thus far, this aid has included some equipment and a The Rumanian Air Force contains no Soviet equipment. large amount of propaganda. Key Albanian officers are By Soviet order, all units are inactive, and individual studying in the U. S. S. R. An estimated 2,000 Soviet flights by Rumanian Air Force personnel are permitted troops have entered Albania since the early part of 1946, only with specific Soviet approval. and have been supervising road construction and the build- ing of coastal fortifications. Hungary In January 1945, when the Hungarian Army was re- Bulgaria formed under Sovit auspices, it was intended that it should The present Bulgarian Army of approximately 66,000 be nonpolitical. Despite this, there has been some Soviet men is expected to be reduced under the peace terms to a penetration and control. The Chief of the General Staff maximum of 55,000. This compares to a prewar limit of is a Communist, and two other important posts, those of 20,000 under the Treaty of Neuilly, 25 which was raised to the Chief of the Military Political Section of the Ministry some 51,000 in 1938 after that instrument was abrogated. of Defense and Commander of the Frontier Guard, are The future Army probably will be supplemented by the held by men with Communist sympathies. Little Soviet Trudovak, semimilitary labor organization, which can aid has been rendered. train approximately 36,000 men a year. The present strength of the Hungarian Army is approxi- With the considerable reduction of Soviet forces in mately 26,000 compared to 35,000 in 1938 under the limita- Bulgaria in recent months and their contemplated com- tions of the Treaty of Trianon.26 The draft peace treaty plete removal within 90 days after the new peace treaty allows an army of 65,000, but the future strength will be becomes effective, the Soviets have been pushing a purge of determined by the amount of Communist pressure, which Bulgarian officers not in sympathy with Communist aims to keep the army small and the internal police force ideology. Lectures by political commissars are part of large. the daily training of the soldiers. Relatively little mate- rial aid has been given the Bulgarian Army, apart from Czechoslovakia the training of a small number of Bulgarian officers in the Since VE-day the Soviets have agreed to supply equip- Soviet Union. It appears that foremost in the Soviet ment for some nine Czechoslovak divisions, and in the re- mind is the establishment of an enthusiastic Communist cent military accord concluded in Moscow they agreed to cadre which will bolster the sagging pro-Soviet regime furnish additional equipment on long-term credits. It has after withdrawal of the Soviet forces. been suggested that as many as 10 additional divisions Of a total of nearly 400 combat aircraft in the Bulgarian eventually will be equipped by the Soviets. Advanced Air Force, nearly 300 are Soviet types. Tactical organiza- training is being given Czechoslovak officers in Soviet mili- tion follows that of the Soviet Air Force, and training of tary schools. The OBZ, which is analogous to the Soviet Bulgarian pilots in the flying of Soviet machines has been MVD security forces,27 is controlled by Soviet officers. The conducted by Soviet instructors. industrial militias are likewise under Soviet influence. Rumania Despite these activities, the trend toward Sovietizing the Czechoslovak Army is slow. The Rumanian Army of 140,000 men compares with The Army now stands at about 140,000 men, compared to a prewar force of 212,000 in 1938. It is proposed to limit 187,000 in 1938. There are indications that strength is it to 120,000 under the draft peace treaty now under con- being increased, although this is contrary to Communist sideration by the Allies. statements last' May advocating an/army of 105,000 men. Soviet aid has consisted chiefly in the training and Of 300 or more aircraft in the Czechoslovak Air Force, equipping of two complete divisions, which make up the over 100 are Soviet types. At present, the Air Force is dis- bulk of the tactical striking force of the Rumanian Army. organized, and it is not yet apparent how much its tactical These two divisions are kept at full strength, and the organization and methods will be influenced by Soviet Soviets supervise the assignment and training of their policies. personnel, from which recruits are taken from the Soviet- equipped Internal Security Force. Attempts are being Poland made to Sovietize the remainder of the Army by means of The Polish Army is under Soviet control. In theory officer purges and propaganda. The effects of these activ- it is headed by a Polish Marshal, but in practice a Soviet ities are less noticeable in Rumania than in Bulgaria, 26 Signed in June 1920. 25 Signed 27 November 1919. 27 See page 85. ASTRICTED 41

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    "ocrText": "RESTRICTED\nMILITARY POLICY\nresources of the country, and it cannot be maintained\nhowever, and less progress has been made in establishing\neffectively unless Soviet aid is substantially increased.\na permanent Communist-indoctrinated cadre.\nThus far, this aid has included some equipment and a\nThe Rumanian Air Force contains no Soviet equipment.\nlarge amount of propaganda. Key Albanian officers are\nBy Soviet order, all units are inactive, and individual\nstudying in the U. S. S. R. An estimated 2,000 Soviet\nflights by Rumanian Air Force personnel are permitted\ntroops have entered Albania since the early part of 1946,\nonly with specific Soviet approval.\nand have been supervising road construction and the build-\ning of coastal fortifications.\nHungary\nIn January 1945, when the Hungarian Army was re-\nBulgaria\nformed under Sovit auspices, it was intended that it should\nThe present Bulgarian Army of approximately 66,000\nbe nonpolitical. Despite this, there has been some Soviet\nmen is expected to be reduced under the peace terms to a\npenetration and control. The Chief of the General Staff\nmaximum of 55,000. This compares to a prewar limit of\nis a Communist, and two other important posts, those of\n20,000 under the Treaty of Neuilly, 25 which was raised to\nthe Chief of the Military Political Section of the Ministry\nsome 51,000 in 1938 after that instrument was abrogated.\nof Defense and Commander of the Frontier Guard, are\nThe future Army probably will be supplemented by the\nheld by men with Communist sympathies. Little Soviet\nTrudovak, semimilitary labor organization, which can\naid has been rendered.\ntrain approximately 36,000 men a year.\nThe present strength of the Hungarian Army is approxi-\nWith the considerable reduction of Soviet forces in\nmately 26,000 compared to 35,000 in 1938 under the limita-\nBulgaria in recent months and their contemplated com-\ntions of the Treaty of Trianon.26 The draft peace treaty\nplete removal within 90 days after the new peace treaty\nallows an army of 65,000, but the future strength will be\nbecomes effective, the Soviets have been pushing a purge of\ndetermined by the amount of Communist pressure, which\nBulgarian officers not in sympathy with Communist\naims to keep the army small and the internal police force\nideology. Lectures by political commissars are part of\nlarge.\nthe daily training of the soldiers. 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The OBZ, which is analogous to the Soviet\nBulgarian pilots in the flying of Soviet machines has been\nMVD security forces,27 is controlled by Soviet officers. The\nconducted by Soviet instructors.\nindustrial militias are likewise under Soviet influence.\nRumania\nDespite these activities, the trend toward Sovietizing the\nCzechoslovak Army is slow.\nThe Rumanian Army of 140,000 men compares with\nThe Army now stands at about 140,000 men, compared to\na prewar force of 212,000 in 1938. It is proposed to limit\n187,000 in 1938. There are indications that strength is\nit to 120,000 under the draft peace treaty now under con-\nbeing increased, although this is contrary to Communist\nsideration by the Allies.\nstatements last' May advocating an/army of 105,000 men.\nSoviet aid has consisted chiefly in the training and\nOf 300 or more aircraft in the Czechoslovak Air Force,\nequipping of two complete divisions, which make up the\nover 100 are Soviet types. At present, the Air Force is dis-\nbulk of the tactical striking force of the Rumanian Army.\norganized, and it is not yet apparent how much its tactical\nThese two divisions are kept at full strength, and the\norganization and methods will be influenced by Soviet\nSoviets supervise the assignment and training of their\npolicies.\npersonnel, from which recruits are taken from the Soviet-\nequipped Internal Security Force. Attempts are being\nPoland\nmade to Sovietize the remainder of the Army by means of\nThe Polish Army is under Soviet control. In theory\nofficer purges and propaganda. The effects of these activ-\nit is headed by a Polish Marshal, but in practice a Soviet\nities are less noticeable in Rumania than in Bulgaria,\n26 Signed in June 1920.\n25 Signed 27 November 1919.\n27 See page 85.\nASTRICTED\n41"
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