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Presidential Handwriting Prior to January 20, 1977, (6/76-1/77)
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Presidential Handwriting Prior to January 20, 1977, (6/76-1/77)
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Records of the Office of the Staff Secretary
1976 Campaign Transition File
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Pastore, John.
Nuclear energy
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Presidential Handwriting Prior to January 20, 1977 [6/76-1/77]
Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary; Series: 1976 Campaign Transition File;
Folder: Presidential Handwriting Prior to January 20, 1977 [6/76-1/77]; Container 2
To See Complete Finding Aid:
http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Staff_Secretary.pdf
E
Susan hald for
10:00 am
J
ELECTROSTATIC REPRODUCTION MADE FOR
PRESERVATION PURPOSES
Department of Natural Resources
270 WASHINGTON ST., S.W.
Joe D. Canner
ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30334
COMMISSIONER
(404) 656.3500
November 9, 1976
To Jim
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Carter-Mondale Policy Planning
National Bank of Georgia Building
Mc. Intyre J
Suite 2811 - 34 Peachtree St., NW
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
Dear Mr. Watson:
Now that the Governor is elected, I am sure you will be engaged in efforts
to effect a smooth transition and to consider means of implementing his intended
improvements. I regret sending this to you when you are physically moving to
the Washington area, but the subject of natural resources reorganization is one
of high priority in the Governor's program.
I am familiar with methods used to reorganize our state government because
I was a committee chairman of the Goals for Georgia program, a member cf the
State Game and Fish Commission, and am the immediate past chairman of the
Board of Natural Resources. During reorganization, at my suggestion, the
Governor created a special committee on which Joe Tanner and 1 served to con-
sider bringing the State Forestry Department into DNR. While Forestry elected
not to join, the decision could have gone either way. At present, 23 states
have consolidated natural resource functions under either cabinet or commission
form and this trend is growing.
As an initial step in federal reorganization, I presume the Governor will
utilize the same procedure as in Georgia - the creation of a task force of
legislators, professionals and lay leaders from the resource use areas. If
this is done, I suggest the private professional segment considering natural
resources include such individuals as Daniel A. Poole, William Towell, Tom
Kimball, John Gottschalk, and Henry Clepper.
Reorganization of federal agencies can yield d resolution of conflicts
regarding renewable resource management, save substantial funds, and make
these resource programs both more responsive and of greater substantive
service to the public.
While there are many others, three major problem areas which must be
addressed in considering reorganization of the federal renewable resource
governing establishment are the following:
1. Conflicting policies among statutes and federal bureau administration
regarding wetlands. The ambiquities are particularly significant
for inland wetlands. where one tureau pays to preserve, another to
manage, another to prevent pollution, still another to impound,
and others to destroy these areas. A national policy and commitment
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Page 2
November 9, 1976
on wetlands is needed. Most of these administering entities are
duplicated at the state level. Public concern is high because
economic and environmental issues are intertwined.
2. Management of the Nation's forest resources also is treated with
a similar set of conflicting philosophies. The National Park
Service has a non-harvest policy; the Bureau of Land Management
has a new policy, as yet untested, based on a recent, rather weak,
organic act; the Forest Service is still, despite recent legislation,
in a polarized conflict with protectionists over its timber harvesting
and grazing policies; the Fish and Wildlife Service is in a con-
troversial internal reorganization so serious many of its refuge
land managers are seeking legislative relief. Morale is the lowest
I have seen in this agency in 25 years.
To stimulate private forestland management we have the federal Forest
Incentives Act spearheaded through the ASCS program, the State and
Private Division of the U. S. Forest Service, technical assistance to
landholders furnished by the Soil Conservation Service and the
Agricultural Extension Service, as well as technical assistance to
landowners by major forest industry concerns, and private programs
such as the Tree Farm Program. Significant aid is furnished land-
owners by state forestry departments, some of which are within state
natural resources departments while others are autonomous.
3. The federal role in management of the Nation's wildlife, while somewhat
better defined by treaties and congressional acts, is, nevertheless,
a subject of considerable controversy. The states are fearful of
further usurpation of their time-honored authority through additional
extension of federal power as evidenced by the recent court decision
in the Burro Case. There is a need to apply some level of management
to non-game forms and their habitats, and hunting of wildlife has
become a major social issue, with highly polarized groups pro and con,
and a vast uncommitted majority. (c. f. S. 3887, Cong. Record Senate.
Oct. 1, 1976)
Until reduced to personal possession by legal means, resident wildlife
is the property of the state, and the state wildlife agencies have
interfaces with many federal agencies in at least four departments.
Within the federal establishment authority for wildlife programs and
habitats is scattered, necessitating considerable inter-departmental
coordination. Wildlife research on public lands, most of which are
administered by Agriculture, is a responsibility of the Fish and Wildlife
Service of Interior. Besides this, other congressional acts have sought
to induce closer coordination. In spite of these laws, the Alcovy River
PL 566 controversy finally involved several federal departmental under-
secretaries, independent federal executive agencies, the state, and
numerous local government and private organizations.
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Page 3
November 9, 1976
Perhaps the most logical basis for an initial compartmentization of
federal natural resources functions would be the segregation of those having
to do with renewable and with non-renewable resources. Management concepts
for renewable resources of soil, water, forests, fish and wildlife are
directed at a sustained or increasing yield, while those concepts for use
of non-renewable. resources of minerals, uranium, fossil fuels, and even in
the long term - geothermal - are those of developing and rationing on an
ever decreasing supply base.
Because of this fundamental difference most natural resource professionals
oppose the Energy and Natural Resources Department proposed by Senators
Ribicoff and Jackson (S. 3339 - c.f. Cong. Record - Senate Apr. 28, 1976, D.
S6070). Senator Talmadge two years previously submitted to the record very
fine statements by McArdle, Cliff, and Crafts in opposition to a similar
proposal contained in S2136. (Cong. Record - Senate, March 7, 1974, D.
S3105ff.)
A second great difference between renewable and non-renewable resources
is the ability of the former to provide an array of multiple public and
private uses while development of the latter usually is directed at a single
consumptive use - energy or raw material production. A different management
orientation clearly is called for.
I could not agree more with the Governor's call for an aggressive energy
policy; it is a sad commentary Americans cannot recognize this as an impending
crisis of the most major proportions. A Department of Energy and Minerals is
essential, with a Cabinet stature second only to Defense.
In spite of well understood technology, as exemplified by Dr. J. R. Williams
of Georgia Tech, it may be years before solar components are as readily available
as plywood sheeting and scantlings at the local discount lumber yard. A
Department of Energy and Minerals should aggressively attack such problems, and
channel product development and marketing expertise into such obvious energy
conservation areas. There are many other examples of foot dragging in the
energy area.
While there are still some important interfaces which will need coordination,
consolidation of present natural resource program areas through creation of an
Energy and Minerals Department to replace Interior and a restructured Department
of Agriculture and Natural Resources will reduce the heterogeneous groupings
of unrelated professions in both existing Departments. It will reduce the con-
flicting objectives within and without Agriculture - Interior and the inter-
departmental coordination now required, as well as reducing the present complex
overlapping of responsibilities such as I have outlined in the preceding three
examples.
The Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources would include:
Bureau of Land Management (minus functions dealing with minerals under
mining laws) There will likely be proposals to amend the present Mining Act
during the next Congress.
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Page 4
November 9, 1976
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife Service
Forest Service
Soil Conservation Service
Farmers Cooperative Service
Agricultural Research Service
Cooperative State Research Service
Extension Service
Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service
National Marine Fisheries Service plus Coastal Zone Management
Transfer the present from Department of Agriculture to other agencies:
Farmers Home Administration to Housing and Urban Development
Rural Electrification Administration to New Department of Energy and Minerals
Commodity Exchange Authority to Commerce
Agriculture Marketing Service to Commerce
Economic Research Service to Commerce
Commodity Credit Corporation to Commerce
Food and Nutrition Service to Health, Education and Welfare
Animal and Plant Health Inspection to Health, Education and Welfare
Packers and Stockyards Administration to Commerce
Export Marketing Service to Commerce
Foreign Agricultural Service to State
The Department of Energy and Minerals would include:
Bureau of Reclamation and Civil Functions of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Energy Research and Development - Administration
Bonneville Power Administration
Southeastern Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration
Alaska Power Administration
Defense Electric Power Administration
Rural Electrification Administration
Atomic Energy Commission (functions, not regulatory)
Federal Power Commission (functions, not regulatory)
National Oceanic. and Atmospheric Administration
*U. S. Geological Survey
Bureau of Mines (minus regulatory functions)
Administration of mineral laws (Resource management of BLM lands in the
Department of A&NR would be similar to national forests with respect
to minerals.)
Transfer from present Department of the Interior to other agencies:
*Bureau'of Indian Affairs to Health, Education and Welfare
Territorial - Virgin Islands, etc. to State or Health, Education and Welfare
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Page 5
November 9, 1976
Several key provisions are needed to ensure workability and efficiency
of the above arrangement:
1. The work of both departments, other agencies, and jurisdictions
have similar federal activities and responsibilities for water
and related land resources. This requires a Commission or Council,
patterned along the format of the Council on Water Resources, and
having oversight, comprehensive planning authority and reporting
to the top level of government (The President). The purpose of
such a group is to resolve major interdepartmental resource con-
frontations at the federal level.
2. The Department of Energy and Minerals must be provided with the
authority, responsibility, and congressional directive to conserve
the Nation's nonrenewable resources.
3. Area management of the public laws of the Department of A&NR must be
accomplished by a series of line-staff relationships at each management
level.. Overall coordination of functional policies and programs to
be accomplished at the central office and transmitted to lower levels
through the line officers. Provision should be made that Bureau chiefs,
directors, or administrators and all subordinate line officers be pro-
fessional career people.
4. All strictly regulatory functions should be separated from those
agencies having a primary promotion and development mission.
5. The Act should retain the consultation requirements of the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act, Section 12 of the Watershed Protection
and Flood Prevention Act, NEPA, and the Endangered Species Act.
Additional rationale for a Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources
is based on these facts:
1. Ninety percent of the continental U. S. is rural land producing trees,
forage, crops, wildlife, water and recreational opportunities. Seventy
percent of these lands are privately owned and sustain the most pro-
ductive forest and grazing land and a good share of the wildlife
habitat and recreational opportunities. The renewable resources from
public lands, valuable as they are, can only contribute a minor share
of the Nation's needs. It is essential the various resource uses
(including wilderness) of public and private rural lands be coordinated
if the greatest value to the American people is to be realized.
Coordination is also needed between uses of public lands classified or set-
aside for various public purposes.
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Page 6
November 9, 1976
2. The management, use or preservation and protection of renewable
natural resources for various purposes require similar or associated
disciplines and professions. Placing the federal responsibility for
renewable resources in one department provides a homogeneous com-
bination of background and professional knowledge that is essential
to unified policy and action. Similarly, it offers the opportunity
to minimize duplication of efforts in both administration and research.
to
3. Most federal lands are located far from Washington and often are
intermingled with private ownerships, farms, ranches, and forests.
Agricultural assistance programs require locally based administrative
officers, similar and often in the same area as federal land managers
and officers. Federal officers involved in the management of natural
resources take part in planning with the local farmers, ranchers, and
woodland owners. At present there may be several bureaus and at least
two departments represented in rural community planning. Obviously,
by combining federal responsibility for renewable natural resources in
one department, more uniform policy direction would be achieved, re-
sulting in cohesive and consistent effort with less costs and duplication.
4. Area management is applicable on a department-wide basis as well as on
an agency-wide basis. Each land management agency will have a paramount
purpose, and may, in some cases, deal with the same resource or programs
as another agency with a different basic objective. Coordination can
best be achieved by providing a single authority to give final direction
to the resolution of agency recommendations. This provides a unified
approach among the agencies involved in the field execution of the
national program. At the same time, in accord with the agency's
management concept, each agency is able to retain complete responsibility
for all functions and resources on logical land management units within
its jurisdiction. Location of the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land
Management in the same department looks forward to a merger of the two
resource-management agencies.
The principle of multiple use is not limited to administration of public land.
It is applicable to private lands as well. This proposal recognizes there will
be a number of rural assistance agencies within the department that are functional-
ized at the agency level to deal with specific goals of the landowner. This does
not preclude management of private land for its highest use, nor its development
for the maximum number of compatible resource uses. By bringing all functional-
ized assistance agencies within one major department, with unified direction in
the planning and execution of assistance programs and correlation with public
land management, optimum use of all the land is more likely to be achieved.
Emphasis on the rural sector in the proposed reorganization does not over-
look the close tie between rural resource programs and resulting benefits to
Mr. Jack H. Watson, Jr.
Page 7
November 9, 1976
urban America. People in cities depend on the wood, water, food and fiber
which come from the rural sector. The upsurge in recreation use of our
state and federal forests, parks, wildlife refuges, and reservoirs is evidence
of the reliance on opportunities found on nonurban lands.
The well-being of the rural areas directly affects the well-being of the
entire Nation. Thus, we increase our overall social and economic strength when
we deal more efficiently and more effectively with the development of crop,
pasture, range, forest, and wildland of rural America.
I have marked three Bureaus in the preceding with an asterisk to illustrate
interdepartmental interfacing. The Animal Disease Eradication branch of USDA
has among others major authority to investigate and suppress epidemic diseases
in domestic livestock. If a foreign disease, such as foot and mouth or rheinderpest,
was to enter this country and go undetected for four days, the eradication cost
is estimated at 40 million dollars.
There are also obvious relations between domestic animal diseases and wild-
life as well as implications with human health.
The U. S. Geological Survey has been most aggressive in use of satellite
and RB70 imagery, not only in prospecting for fossil fuels but in detection
of forest and range diseases, fishery resources, water quality monitoring,
and changes in land use. Interdepartmental interfacing here will be substantial
and a means of coordination will be essential.
Land management functions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs should be trans-
ferred to Agriculture and Natural Resources, either as a separate Bureau or
consolidated with BLM. The land here involved is substantial in acreage and
multiple use management of it is in the best interest of both the American
Indians and the Nation. .
Much of the authority to manage renewable natural resources on private
lands, (and some on federal public lands as well) is the responsibility of
the. states. Realignment of federal agencies as suggested will reduce the
coordination required between such agencies as the Georgia Department of
Natural Resources and the federal establishment in the state.
Sincerely,
Leonard E. Foote, Member
Georgia State Board of Natural Resources
LEF:gm
CC: President-elect Carter
Senator Herman Talmadge
Mr. Charles Kirbo
Mr. Joe D. Tanner
Mr. Wade Coleman
Mr. Chuck Parrish
- 35 -
of Congress, who, though they sometimes may not be able to
make something they like happen, can always stop anything
they don't like. Because of this fact, I would strongly
urge that any reorganization attempt by the Governor, assum-
ing his election, be made in full cooperation with the
affected Congressional Committees.
(54)
l
(Forest) Bill Towell. SAD., Am forest. Asso (Missan)
2
Asst for
Rott Herbst (Minn. Dept. Hat.Res)
Fish Paiks Ghe
/
Dr. Lany John (47) V.P. Wildlife Mgnt. Inst.
3
Claire Dedrick (Calif) Admin Resource Gency
Jim Giltmeir for us Forest Service
on Tahnadge Committee- from Ill
John
Dr,Goschell
Mines Energy
land/water
U.Sec. Bromery (Mass.)
Joseph (Ind) Chucle
Parrish Admin Asst.
Asst. - Blum
Dep. - J. White
- Clifford Wharton- no James Bonham Int As Scon
Asst - Renal Dev- Span Amer fm n.Mer.
Asst - Consumer. - Carol foreman
As Market Service
Asst - Forest - U.Montana
fn Calif
ELECTROSTATIC REPRODUCTION MADE FOR
PRESERVATION PURPOSES
- 35 -
of Congress, who, though they sometimes may not be able to
make something they like happen, can always stop anything
they don't like. Because of this fact, I would strongly
urge that any reorganization attempt by the Governor, assum-
ing his election, be made in full cooperation with the
affected Congressional Committees.
ELECTROSTATIC REPRODUCTION MADE FOR
PRESERVATION PURPOSES
Kitty
Jimmy Carter
Me,
Plains, Georgia 31780
6-27-76
fle May
To Sen. John Pastore
nudeo
I appreciate your clean
& Comprehensive Petter about
nuclear energy It is very
helpful to me in under-
standing The potential
Pimitations on a atomic
power.
My hope is that, as
Pusident, I Can achieve
a clear understanding among
our people of The proper
note of nuclear reactors
within an overall energy
policy of optimum benefit
to our nation.
Jimmy
JOHN o. FASTORE, R.I.,
CHAIRMAN
MELVIN PRICE, ILL.,
VICE CHAIRMAN
HENRY M. JACKSON, WASH.
JOHN YOUNG, TEX.
STUART SYMINGTON, MO.
TENO RONCALIO, WYO.
JOSEPH M. MONTOYA, N. MEX.
MIKE MC CORMACK, WASH.
JOHN v. TUNNEY, CALIF.
CLIFFORD P. CASE, N.J.
Congress of the United States
GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., CALIF.
HOWARD H. BAKER, JR., TENN,
JOHN B. ANDERSON, ILL.
MANUEL LUJAN, JR., N. MEX.
JAMES B. PEARSON, KANS.
FRANK HORTON, N.Y.
JAMES L. BUCKLEY, N.Y.
JOINT COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY
ANDREW J. HINSHAW, CALIF.
GEORGE F. MURPHY, JR.,
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20510
June 16, 1976
Stu-
Excellent
data
The Honorable Jimmy Carter
Plains, Georgia 31780
J
Dear Governor Carter:
I am most appreciative of your courtesy in having your May 13 address on
nuclear energy at the United Nations sent to me. I extend to you my
hearty congratulations on the speech which deals with a subject of vital
importance to the future of our country as well as to the vast majority
of all of the people of the world.
In carrying out my legislative duties as a long-term member and Chairman
of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, my attraction and interest have
been in the safe and prudent development of the peaceful atom. It is
from that perspective that I am pleased to offer for your consideration,
as requested, some of my thoughts on both the future domestic and inter-
national development of commercial nuclear power.
The opposition to nuclear power is concerned about safety--particularly
the possibility of a catastrophic reactor accident; the long-term storage
of radioactive wastes; and the protection of nuclear materials so that
they cannot be stolen and used to make nuclear bombs. Caution and care
in the development of commercial nuclear power are, of course, understand-
able. It was known from the very beginning of the atomic energy program
in this country that its use is not completely without risk. The Congress
insisted from the outset of the commercial nuclear power program that safety
be of paramount importance. Without safety there is no question but that
the substantial benefits of the peaceful atom should not and can not be
available for our people.
I am aware of no reliable data or expert opinion which would support a
conclusion other than that the public can now have confidence that the
commercial nuclear power program is being closely supervised and regulated
to assure that the public health and safety is adequately protected and
that the activities are compatible with our environment.
Although a deliberate and cautious approach to commercial nuclear power
is understandable, it is regrettable, in my judgment, that the dialogue
on the subject focuses only on certain narrow issues which probably are
ELECTROSTATIC REPRODUCTION MADE FOR
PRESERVATION PURPOSES
The Honorable Jimmy Carter
June 16, 1976
Page 2
the ones which have attracted immediate attention and avoids the funda-
mental national policy questions which must be considered by responsible
officials.
I view the energy policy of this country, including the role of commercial
nuclear power, as a vital and inseparable part of the national goal which
the leaders of our country have been seeking for years--full employment
and a stable dollar in times of peace so that the vast majority of our
people who yearn for a better life for themselves and their children will
not be hopelessly foreclosed of opportunities to help achieve this funda-
mental human desire.
There are admittedly extremely complex economic and political factors
which are involved in meeting that goal and the availability of electricity
is only one factor. Nevertheless, domestically as well as worldwide,
energy availability, gross national product and employment levels are
closely related. Most recently, the oil embargo in 1973 followed by the
sudden and enormous price increases in oil and coal, contributed substan-
tially to the worst economic recession and the highest unemployment level
since the great depression. Similar events would again needlessly and
massively depress the economy and add to the cost of living for all Americans.
Those who will be affected first and the hardest will be those who are
already economically distressed and those who are just on the brink of
achieving a better life. The social cost of such an occurrence could be
tremendous, both in terms of dollars and, more importantly in other respects
which go to the very heart of our strength as a nation in which the fires
of freedom, self-government and human dignity continue to burn in the hearts
and minds of its people. Anything less is a prospect which a responsible
Government should not ask Americans to accept.
I therefore believe that our national policies for the continued develop-
ment of commercial nuclear power must depend in large measure on the con-
tribution which it is making and can make to improve the quality of life
for our people. In very plain and fundamental terms, the question which
must be answered is whether substantial benefits to our people are being
supplied by nuclear power, and if they are, what are the alternatives to
nuclear.
Most people would agree that inadequate electricity in this country over
a long period would involve economic and social disaster for many Americans.
The best prediction today is that the demand for electricity in this
country will continue to grow substantially, even with the adoption of
numerous energy conservation measures which are only now being identified
and developed.
All of the informed opinion on the subject of energy availability for the
balance of this century supports the conclusion that it is unrealistic
The Honorable Jimmy Carter
June 16, 1976
Page 3
to assume that either coal or nuclear alone can meet projected energy
demands, and it is clear that if these demands are to be met, both must
be used, as well as substantial help from effective conservation measures.
Substantial economic benefits are already being gained from the number of
nuclear plants now in operation. A 1,000 megawatt nuclear plant saves
the equivalent of approximately 10 million barrels of 011 annually.
In 1975, approximately 57 nuclear plants supplied around 9 per cent of the
electricity generated in this country. They saved over $2 billion in fuel
costs and over 200 million barrels of oil or some 55 million tons of coal.
According to some of the most current projections, nuclear energy could
represent about 26 per cent of electric power generation in 1985. However,
the nuclear power projections account for a 30 per cent smaller contribution
than earlier projections due to the utility cancellations and deferrals
caused primarily by uncertainty in demand growth, financial difficulties
and the long lead-time involved in bringing a nuclear power plant into
operation.
In addition to the 58 nuclear plants now licensed to operate, there are
now 69 nuclear power plants for which a construction permit has been granted.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission estimates that in 1976 operating licenses
will be issued for about 10 units and that construction permits will be
issued for about 34 units.
There are presently seventy-one additional plants which are under con-
struction permit review, 17 are on order, and 21 others committed by utility
announcements of intent. All of these figures represent a total of 236
plants with a capacity of 236,000 megawatts-a little more than one-half
of nuclear power commitments in the world.
By the middle of the next decade, if all of these plants are on the line
to generate electricity, they should over their lifetime represent the
equivalent of about 65 billion barrels worth of petroleum generating
capacity. This is about six times the estimated reserves of the Alaskan
North Slope. Even at the present price of oil per barrel, the cost of such
an oil replacement, assuming its availability, will be approximately $25
billion annually.
The availability of these nuclear plants would reduce our dependency on
oil imports which have increased substantially since the oil embargo in
1973 to the point where they are sometimes in excess of domestic production.
MADE FOR
The Honorable Jimmy Carter
June 16, 1976
Page 4
Moreover, their availability would result in the conservation of petroleum,
the supply of which is finite and which has a multiplicity of essential
uses other than to produce electricity.
I have not seen any reliable data which supports a conclusion that this
nation could supply its energy needs during the remainder of this century
without nuclear power as a major source of electrical generation. Indeed,
officials of industry and government suggest that even with nuclear power
supplying a major source of electrical generation, there may not be enough
energy and that significant shortages across the nation may occur in the
next decade.
Although I have developed my major premise on the subject, there are other
fundamentals which I perceive and which I will now summarize very briefly.
Although we should vigorously pursue research, development
and demonstration on solar power, fusion, geothermal and other
"future" technologies, none of these technologies have yet been
proven. Until they are proven, we will have to rely on existing
technologies. With our dwindling supplies of oil and natural
gas, steps should be taken to conserve those resources and not
consume them as fuel for new base load electric generating plants.
The Federal Government should provide adequate funding for
research, development and demonstration for promising energy
technologies up to the point that it is reasonable to let the
marketplace take over.
Safety has been and must continue to be an indispensable and
paramount element in the use of commercial nuclear power. Nuclear
power reactors now in use in this country have proven themselves
to be safe, reliable, economic sources for the generation of
electricity. A strong and independent Nuclear Regulatory Com-
mission must continue to assure that the use of nuclear power is
completely consonant at all times with the health and safety of
the public and that the risks to the public are minimal.
An obstacle to commercial power in this country is certainly
the acceptability of nuclear power to the public. This continues
to be a major concern, notwithstanding the overwhelming vote
by the citizens of California on June 8 to reject an initiative
which would have ultimately banned commercial nuclear power in
that state. The Federal Government must assert greater effort
to earn the confidence and support of the public in its regulatory
system for commercial nuclear power. The nuclear industry must
The Honorable Jimmy Carter
June 16, 1976
Page 5
act in a most responsible manner to instill such confidence.
Both the Government and industry should assure that full and
frank information on the risks involved is provided to the public.
Complete candor in this regard is an indispensable element in
public acceptability and in arriving at informed decisions
which the public will ultimately reach on the acceptability of
this technology.
The Federal Government must move vigorously without further
delay in adopting and implementing a plan to deal with commercial
waste storage. In addition, the Federal Government should pro-
ceed expeditiously to complete its review of the policies which
must be followed to assure that nuclear materials are properly
safeguarded so that they cannot be diverted by terrorist groups
or others for any unauthorized purpose.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in cooperation with other
interested Federal agencies and departments and with interested
states, should take every reasonable step, without reducing
the opportunity for proper public participation in licensing
proceedings, to make the licensing process as efficient and
as effective as possible.
The challenge of providing international control to assure
that the benefits of the peaceful atom are achieved without
proliferation of nuclear weapons will require continuing
aggressive leadership, patience and vigilance on the part of
our Government in insisting, through diplomacy, that the other
supplier nations of the world exercise their influence in
developing acceptable international policies to prevent the
proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Regardless of what course our domestic commercial nuclear
power policies might take, the fact is that in much of the
rest of the industrialized world, reliance on commercial
nuclear power is moving ahead rapidly because there is no
present alternative to nuclear power.
It was recognized from the beginning of the peaceful
nuclear program that there would be in the world an increasing
number of nuclear suppliers and recipients and therefore it
would be in this Nation's interest to develop a safeguards
system administered by a strong international organization of
broad membership. That organization is the International Atomic
Energy Agency. It continues to be in the interest of this country
to assure that the IAEA is strong and effective.
The Honorable Jimmy Carter
June 16, 1976
Page 6
Our policies must recognize that the power of international
control of the commercial atom in sovereign countries is not
without practical limitations. With an awareness of that fact,
and in recognition of our responsibilities under the Non-Prolif-
eration Treaty, our country's approach should not be to abandon
the sought-after goal of international control, but to continue
to participate in international nuclear trade and by such involve-
ment do all within our power to assure the strongest and most
effective non-proliferation controls.
In closing, I would like to emphasize that the commercial nuclear power
policies of this country were developed in a very deliberate, step-by-
step fashion over a period of years. As early as 1954, it became an im-
portant national objective to develop nuclear power as a source of electricity.
This policy has consistently received the overwhelming support of the
Congress on a bipartisan basis and of all Administrations. The wisdom of
that policy has become especially important in view of the energy shortages
which we began to experience for the first time in this decade. I believe
that with aggressive and positive leadership in the Executive Branch, in
cooperation with the Congress, nuclear power can continue to make an
important and indeed increasingly vital contribution to our energy require-
ments. If something better comes along to take its place, the American
people will be the beneficiaries. Until that day arrives, I reiterate
that the benefits of commercial nuclear power will contribute substantially
to the continuing national goal-the improvement of the quality of life
for our people.
Again, I very much appreciate your thoughtfulness in giving me the oppor-
tunity to express my views. If you have any questions, you may be assured
that I will be pleased to assist.
With best wishes and kindest personal regards, I am
Sincerely yours,
JOHN 0. PASTORE
Chairman
This man touches on
the ideas / believe
STERN M UNIVERSITY MEDIGAN
Eastern Michigan University are most important
Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197
in education -
1849
December 21, 1976
Judy
Mrs. Judy Carter
Route 5, Dogwood Drive
Calhoun, Georgia 30701
Califano ,Mfg
Dear Judy:
I want to tell you how very much I enjoyed the opportunity of meet-
ing with you while in Miami, and of my appreciation for the gener-
ous amount of time which you gave to me to share some educational
ideas. I am so pleased that you have an interest in Community Educa-
tion, and if you are characteristic of the Carter family personality,
then I really believe that we are really in good hands.
At the end of our visit, you requested that I share with you any
names of persons whom I felt were appropriate for consideration
for a key role in the possible new direction of the Office of Educa-
tion. I have given your request a great deal of thought and apologize
for not being able to really identify a nominee. My problem is that
I would like that person to have a good background and understanding
in the area of Community Education, and I cannot identify a person
of that background who has the stature which I feel will probably be
necessary to hold the position which President Carter is attempting
to fill. I feel that there are a number of people who would have the
administrative ability and the leadership characteristics to occupy
such a position. The key to the appropriate selection in my mind
will be to find that person who visualizes education as a much broader
concept than has been done in the past. We will need a person who
not only recognizes the many needs that are still unresolved in the
traditional school program, but also, one who is conscious of the
tremendous potential which schools can play in our lives in the future.
It must be someone who can accept schools as community centers
for many community activities, who can increase the educational
opportunities for school age children over and above regular school
hours, who can grant to our adult population all of the same services
which we currently provide to our school age children, who can see
the schools for the role they can play in bringing all of our resources
to bear on community problems, and who can envision a leadership
role for the schools in the development of viable community councils
in every community in our nation.
Mrs. Judy Carter
December 21, 1976
Page 2
It seems to me that the key to the selection will be in the establishing
of broader criteria than used heretofore for the selection of such a
person in this critical role. Many people in and out of the field of
education are projecting and predicting that the future of our nation
will depend upon a new role for schools in a society in which educa-
tion becomes one of the highest priortized items and is viewed as a
basic need. Such predictions visualize education and public schools
in a role which has never before been attempted, and it is important
that the person who has the greatest impact on education in the United
States must truly start from a different base than we have used in the
past.
Again, let me apologize for not suggesting a name and for engaging
in rhetoric rather than nominations. However, I honestly believe
that there are currently not many persons with high educational status
whose ideas have been permiated by the kind of thinking which I believe
will be necessary for us to move our educational programs and systems
in the proper direction. I therefore believe that it will be necessary
for the President to make clear to whoever takes this responsibility
that there are certain expectations which he will be looking for from
whoever is selected.
Again, let me tell you how pleased I was to have the opportunity to
meet and share some time with you. All of my reports from persons
who attended the conference indicate that you were the highlight of
the conference, and everyone seems to be both impressed and reas-
sured by your visit. I send my very best wishes to you, and look
forward to meeting with you again sometime in the future.
Sincerely,
Jack Jack Minzey, Director
Center for Community Education
JM:bk
LORGIA
To Joe fano
1220
STATE OF GEORGIA
meeting See Supt's with
me ne Star yo
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
STATE OFFICE BUILDING
ATLANTA 30334
School JC
JACK P. NIX
S. CAL ADAMSON
State Superintendent of Schools
December 20, 1976
Associate State Superinte
MEMORANDUM
TO:
Superintendents
FROM: Jess Pat Elliott
Enclosed in this package are the OCR 101 and 102 forms and other
materials received from the Office of Civil Rights for your school
system. These materials were received in my office on December 20,
1976, and have been immediately distributed to you in order to give
you the greatest amount of time for planning for their completion.
President Ford has received a request from the Council of Chief State
School Officers to reconsider his earlier decision to require the
completion of these forms. Considerable concern is felt throughout
the nation, and much concern has been communicated to President Ford
because of the timing of the reporting requirement and the lack of
knowledge on the school systems that they were required to keep the
type of information during the last school year in order to complete
this report. Because of the extensive outcry, Dr. Nix has indicated
that you would be well advised to plan for the conduct of this survey
but to refrain from the laborious task of actually pulling the infor-
mation together until President Ford has responded to the request
of the Chiefs. As you know, the Secretary of Health, Education and
Welfare has the authority to require that you report this information,
however, the President likewise has the authority to override that
decision. I will inform you of the President's action as soon as
it is known.
Mr. Wilson Harry and I are available to assist you with your efforts.
His telephone number is (404) 656-2452 and mine is (404) 656-2402.
Please feel free to contact either of us if you have questions.
If you are required to prepare and submit these forms, please return
a copy for OCR and this copy for the State Department to me on or
before February 1, 1977.
JPE:mml
CC. Dr. Jack P. Nix
Susan Clough -
See Landon's note regarding
response. Will you prepare?
Rick
LL/1e/1
Ham Jordan -
The President reviewed the
attached letter and commented:
"I agree"
It is forwarded to you for
appropriate action.
Rick Hutcheson
:-
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 21, 1977
Ham Jordan -
The President reviewed the
attached letter and commented:
"I agree"
It is forwarded to you for
appropriate action.
Rick Hutcheson
Run- shall k
all Susa t answer lader the
48
- SEEN
gold Kist INC. 244 Perimeter Center Parkway, N.E./P.O. Box 2210 Atlanta, Ga. 30301
Phone (404) 393-5154
D. W. Brooks-Chairman of the Board
January 10, 1977
PERSONAL AND .CONFIDENTIAL
Honorable Jimmy Carter
President-elect of the United States
Plains, Georgia 31780
Dear Jimmy:
Ambassador Frederick Dent called me over the weekend somewhat
concerned that apparently no one has yet been appointed to take
over for Trade Negotiations. As you probably remember, I am
on the Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations and, no doubt,
that is the reason why he called me personally about the matter.
He stated that they were probably going to announce within the
next few days that we had a deficit of $13 to $14 billion in our
balance of payments for 1976. He felt it was urgent that we
move ahead in our trade negotiations immediately or we could
have very serious economic repercussions. He also stated that
when the Congress passed the Trade Bill, they gave it the same
status as a Cabinet post and named him as Ambassador at that
time. When this happened, he was Secretary of Commerce, but
felt that this job was more important and more urgent than the
Secretary of Commerce position. That is the reason why he moved
to his present position. He feels that the new Administration
has not given enough importance to trade negotiations and although
the morale has been extremely high in this department of government,
he is afraid that he will have a real drop in morale unless the new
Administration moves into this and appoints some top people to
take over at the earliest possible date.
I realize that you have been the busiest person in the world in
the last month or so, but both from the viewpoint of industry
and agriculture, it is urgent that we keep up our exports. I
hope that you can find the time to work on this problem within
the next few days and hopefully to solve it.
Yours sincerely,
kew.
D. W. Brooks
DWB: jwt
DETERMINED TO BE AN ADMINISTRATIVE
MARKING BY MDE
DATE 1/12/88