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Chapter 10: Retrospective: A Road Deepened and Another Not Taken a. One is bound to pause with the death of President Kennedy, and to reflect briefly on his policy concerning Vietnam and Laos. in the long Vietnam story, the American decision of the fall of 1963 bulks large. Its significance in terms of the US role in Vietnamese politics has been deepened by time. Every time there has been dissatis- faction with the performance of a South Vietnamese government, there have been voices to recall that "we went once to that well, and the water turned out brackish." There has been debate on whether the 1963 actions were right or wrong, or perhaps better stated, "Was this the least bad course the US could have followed, in a choice of evils?" Second, and less discussed, what effect did the US immersion in South Vietnamese politics have on the US role and on the broad US sense of commitment, as felt both in Washington and Saigon? And thirdly, though hardly discussed at all at the time or to this day, was there an alternative and wholly different road that might have been taken? Looking back, the 1963 decisions come to rank almost alongside those of 1961, barely below those of 1954-55 in institance and those of 1964-65 in both GRAVITY and importance. Take first the more specific questions. . b. Right or wrong? A respectable segment of American at what opinion, including a few professionals and experienced newspaper people who knew South Vietnam as well as any others, felt at the

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