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Monetary Crisis
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DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD [NIXON PROJECT] DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION TYPE IA letter Prime Minister Heath to the President 3/4/73 B 1B cables between White House and Amemb Tokyo 3/3-5/13 B IC cable duplicate of text of document IA ID note Pauls to the President 3/2/73 B w/letter FILE GROUP TITLE BOX NUMBER HAK 53 FOLDER TITLE I RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency Policy. E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or B. National security classified information. financial information. C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate an individual's F. Release would disclose investigatory information compiled for law rights. enforcement purposes. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. or a libel of a living person. H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADM the Richard Nixon Presidential Library 084/00024 NA 14021 (4-85) DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS PROJECT DOCUMENT CONTROL RECORD ITEM REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER A RESTRICTED DOCUMENT OR CASE FILE HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM REMOVED AND THE REASON FOR ITS REMOVAL, CONSULT DOCUMENT ENTRY NUMBER /A ON EITHER THE DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD (GSA FORM 7279 OR NA FORM 1421) OR NARA WITHDRAWAL SHEET (GSA FORM 7122) LOCATED IN THE FRONT OF THIS FILE FOLDER. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NLN Form 101 (revised 6-85) Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS PROJECT DOCUMENT CONTROL RECORD ITEM REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER A RESTRICTED DOCUMENT OR CASE FILE HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM REMOVED AND THE REASON FOR ITS REMOVAL, CONSULT DOCUMENT ENTRY NUMBER 1B ON EITHER THE DOCUMENT WITHORAWAL RECORD (GSA FORM 7279 OR NA FORM 1421) OR NARA WITHDRAWAL SHEET (GSA FORM 7122) LOCATED IN THE FRONT OF THIS FILE FOLDER. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NLN Form 101 (revised 6-85) Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS PROJECT DOCUMENT CONTROL RECORD ITEM REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER A RESTRICTED DOCUMENT OR CASE FILE HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM REMOVED AND THE REASON FOR ITS REMOVAL, CONSULT DOCUMENT ENTRY NUMBER IC ON EITHER THE DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD (GSA FORM 7279 OR NA FORM 1421) OR NARA WITHDRAWAL SHEET (GSA FORM 7122) LOCATED IN THE FRONT OF THIS FILE FOLDER. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NLN Form 101 (revised 6-85) Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS PROJECT DOCUMENT CONTROL RECORD ITEM REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER A RESTRICTED DOCUMENT OR CASE FILE HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS FILE FOLDER. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM REMOVED AND THE REASON FOR ITS REMOVAL, CONSULT DOCUMENT ENTRY NUMBER ID ON EITHER THE DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD (GSA FORM 7279 OR NA FORM 1421) OR NARA WITHDRAWAL SHEET (GSA FORM 7122) LOCATED IN THE FRONT OF THIS FILE FOLDER. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NLN Form 101 (revised 6-85) Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. CONFIDENTIAL Message from Chancellor Brandt March 2, 1973 Dear Mr. President: The talks for which Prime Minister Heath was in Bonn yesterday and today, centered on the alarming new currency crisis which - as you know - forced the Federal Government to close the exchange market for another time. We agreed that we must make every conceivable effort to find a way out which strengthens European integration. After his return to London, the Prime Minister will thoroughly examine what contribution his Government can make to a common solution. I am convinced that a joint action represents at the same time an element of stabilization in the world political situation. This is to the benefit of all members of the Western world. A weakening of the Community by separate action would be harmful to all. Much will depend now on the results of the forthcoming meeting of the Ministerial Council of the European Community. The Federal Government is prepared to do everything in its power in order to achieve a positive result. Yours sincerely, /s/ Willy Brandt CONFIDENTIAL Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. ******* TOP SECRET COPY CRITIC PRU002 2230 ZULU 03 MAR 73 FROM THE PRESIDENT TO THE PRIME MINISTER TOPSECRET WHOO2 DEAR MR. PRIME MINISTER: I RECEIVED TODAY A LETTER FROM CHANCELLOR BRANDT ABOUT HIS DISCUSSIONS WITH YOU. WITH RESPECT TO THE EUROPEAN CURRENCY CRISIS HE MADE THE FOLLOWING POINT: "WE AGREE THAT WE MUST MAKE EVERY CONCEIVABLE EFFORT TO FIND A WAY nUT WHICH STRENGTHENS EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. AFTER HIS RETURN TO LONDON, THE PRIME MINISTER WILL THOROUGHLY EXAMINE WHAT CONTRIBUTION HIS GOVERNMENT CAN MAKE TO A COMMON SOLUTION, I AM CONVINCED THAT A JOINT ACTION REPRESENTS AT THE SAME TIME AN ELEMENT OF STABILIZATION IN THE WORLD POLITICAL SITUATION." THERE IS NO QUESTION ABOUT THE DESIRARILITY OF ENDING THE NEW CURRENCY CRISIS AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE, ALL THE MORE SO AS WE BELIEVE THAT THE EXCHANGE RATES ESTABLISHED SOME WEEKS AGO ARE ESSENTIALLY SOUND. AT THE SAME TIME, WE CANNOT ACCEPT THE PROPOSITION THAT THE SOLE CRITIERION THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN PUTTING FORWARD A SOLUTION IS WHETHER IT CONTRIBUTES TO THE STRENGTHENING OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. AS YOU KNOW, AND I THINK AGREE WITH ME, IN SUPPORTING EUROPEAN INTEGRATION WE HAVE ALWAYS SEEN IT AS A STEP CONTRIBUTING TOWARD ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP AND NOT AS A MEANS TO ENABLE EITHER SIDE TO PROCEED UNILATERALLY ON A MATTER OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCERN TO THE OTHER. IT IS A BAD PRECEDENT FOR ALLIES IF THEY CONFRONT EACH OTHER WITH A FAIT ACCOMPLI. ANY PROPOSAL TO DEAL WITH THE PRESENT CURRENT CRISIS CAN ONLY BE PUT FORWARD ON THE BASIS OF FULL CONSULTATION WITH COUNTRIES WHOSE INTERESTS ARE INVOLVED--INCLUDING ESPECIALLY THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN. I WOULD THEREFORE HOPE THAT BEFORE ANY PROPOSALS ARE MADE FINAL WE WILL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS OUR VIEWS. I LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING YOUR REACTION TO THIS AND I WANT TO ASSURE YOU ABOUT OUR COMMITMENT TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP. I AM WRITING IN THE SAME SENSE TO CHANCELLOR BRANDT. WITH BEST WISHES, RICHARD NIXON THE RIGHT HONORABLE EDWARD HEATH PRIME MINISTER *WHSR COMMENT SCOWCROFT,LORD.HOWE Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This RECALLED document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. PSN.004151 PAGE TOR:064/23:16Z DTG:032230Z ******** TOP SECRET *******S COPY LONDON, ENGLAND MESSAGE ENDS Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. RECALLED sent TOP SECRET March 3, 1973 VIA SPECIAL CHANNEL TO: MINISTER EGON BAHR, BONN GERMANY URGENT fK FROM: HENRY A. KISSINGER, WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON 1. I would appreciate your delivering the following message from the President to the Chancellor urgently. 2. Begin text of message. End text of message. 3. Best regards. TOP SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. Dear Mr. Chancellor: I greatly appreciated your letter of March 2 and your courtesy in informing me about the decision you and Prime Minister Heath have taken with respect to the currency crisis. I want to put before you my own considerations, There is no question about the desirability of ending the new currency crisis as rapidly as possible, all the more so as we believe that the exchange rates established some weeks ago are lines essentially sound. At the same time I cannot agree that the only criterion that should be considered in putting forward a solution is whether it contributes to the strengthening of European integration. As you know, I have strongly supported European integration and intend to continue to do so, but as I believe we both agree, European integration should also be seen as a step towards increased Atlantic cooperation. It therefore seems to me that any proposal to deal with the present currency crisis can only be put forward on the basis of full consideration with countries whose interests are involved -- including especially the United States and Japan. I would therefore hope that before any proposals are made final we will have an opportunity to express our views. I look forward to hearing your reaction and I want to assure you about our commitment to European integration and Atlantic partnership. I am writing along similar lines to Prime Minister Heath. With best wishes (S/ Exchard hipen R.N. Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. TOP SECRET Message to Chancellor Brandt March 3, 1973 Dear Mr. Chancellor: I greatly appreciated your letter of March 2 and your courtesy in informing me about the decision you and Prime Minister Heath have taken with respect to the currency crisis. I want to put my own consi- derations before you. There is no question about the desirability of ending the new currency crisis as rapidly as possible, all the more so as we believe that the exchange rates established some weeks ago are essentially sound. At the same time I cannot agree that the only criterion that should be considered in putting forward a solution is whether it contributes to the strengthening of European integration. As you know, I have strongly supported European integration and intend to continue to do so, but as I believe we both agree, European integration should also be seen as a step towards increased Atlantic cooperation. It therefore seems to me that any proposal to deal with the present currency crisis can only be put forward on the basis of full consideration with countries whose interests are involved including especially the United States and Japan. I would therefore hope that before any proposals are made final we will have an opportunity to express our views. I look forward to hearing your reaction and I want to assure you about our commitment to European integration and Atlantic partnership. I am writing along similar lines to Prime Minister Heath. Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED With This document best has wis been reviewed pursuant to Executive brder 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. TOP SECRET Message to Prime Minister Heath March 3, 1973 Dear Mr. Prime Minister: I received today a letter from Chancellor Brandt about his dis- cussions with you. With respect to the European currency crisis he made the following point: "We agree that we must make every conceivable effort to find a way out which strengthens European integration. After his return to London, the Prime Minister will thoroughly examine what contribution his Government can make to a common solution, I am convinced that a joint action represents at the same time an element of stabilization in the world political situation. 11 There is no question about the desirability of ending the new currency crisis as rapidly as possible, all the more so as we believe that the exchange rates established some weeks ago are essentially sound. At the same time, we cannot accept the proposition that the sole criterion that should be considered in putting forward a solution is whether it contributes to the strengthening of European integration. As you know, and I think agree with me, in supporting European integration we have always seen it as a step contri- buting toward Atlantic partnership and not as a means to enable either side to proceed unilaterally on a matter of fundamental concern to the other. It is a bad precedent for allies if they confront each other with a fait TOP SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. TOP SECRET -2- accompli. Any proposal to deal with the present currency crisis can only be put forward on the basis of full consultation with countries whose interests are involved - including especially the United States and Japan. I would therefore hope that before any proposals are made final we will have an opportunity to express our views. I look forward to hearing your reaction to this and I want to assure you about our commitment to European integration and Atlantic partnership. I am writing in the same sense to Chancellor Brandt. With best wishes, /s/ Richard Nixon TOP SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. TOP SECRET Message to Prime Minister Tanaka March 3, 1973 Dear Mr. Prime Minister: I have today received a letter from Chancellor Brandt informing me that the European countries are planning to develop a proposal to deal with the current currency crisis. I want you to know that I have replied to Chancellor Brandt and have also written to Prime Minister Heath saying that any solution to the currency crisis should be developed through full consultations with the United States and with Japan - a point we had previously made orally to Prime Minister Heath. We will be prepared to exchange views with you on this subject. With kind regards. /s/ Richard Nixon TOP SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. TOP SECRET Message to Prime Minister Heath March 4, 1973 Dear Mr. Prime Minister: I appreciated your prompt reply to my message and was glad to have so full an account of your thinking about the currency crisis. The spirit in which you are approaching this problem closely corresponds to myoown. I believe as you do that it should be possible to arrive at arrangements which, while advancing the goal of European integration, fully take account of broader world interests, including our own. Certainly, this should apply to such arrangements as may be necessary to develop a joint Community float, should that be your preferred choice. We shall all have to bear in mind that as decisions are made in the present crisis, we will be helping to determine the shape of a new monetary system and the prospects for moving ahead rapidly towards rebuilding a fully agreed institutional framework. I fully share your desire that any solution arrived at should reduce the risk of further crises. Secretary Shultz will remain available for consultations with Mr. Barber. With best wishes. Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. SECRET Message from Finance Minister Aichi in Absence of Prime Minister Tanaka March 4, 1973 Message from President Nixon very much appreciated. Govern- ment of Japan is anxious to exchange views with USG on current currency crisis. GOJ wonders when and where it should send emissary for consul- tations with USG. Finance Ministry Advisor Hosomi originally planned leave Tokyo for Washington Thursday March 8, 1973, reported in Aichi message March 2 to Shultz, and Vice Minister Inamura expected to leave Tokyo Sunday, March 11, 1973 for New York City for overnight stop proceeding to Washington March 12 for Deputy Minister meeting of Group of 20, March 14-16. Hosomi could leave Monday, March 5, 1973 if JOG could be informed where USG officials would like to meet with him, or could wait until March 8 and arrive as planned if there is no urgency. Plan contact Tanaka tonight when Prime Minister returns to Tokyo. Inamura will call me [Aichi] by 2200 tonight Tokyo time if Prime Minister has any other thoughts. Please convey by 1000 Washington time, March 4 any message or send immediate telegram as to action USG would like to SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. SECRET -2- have GOJ take with respect to sending an emissary, probably Hosomi, if you want him to leave Tokyo March 5. I [Aichi] have promised to call Inamura by 2400 tonight Tokyo time. Inamura says GOJ has had no contact with European Governments during current currency crisis since they consider present flurry a strictly European problem, primarily a German problem. GOJ is keeping foreign exchange market in Tokyo closed March 5. No decision yet on market's opening on March 6. SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. ******** TOP SECRET *******S COPY CRITIC PRUS002 042325Z MAR 73 FROM THE PRESIDENT TO THE PRIME MINISTER TOPSECRET DEAR MR. PRIME MINISTER: I APPRECIATED YOUR PROMPT REPLY TO MY MESSAGE AND WAS GLAD TO HAVE SO FULL AN ACCOUNT OF YOUR THINKING ABOUT THE CURRENCY CRISIS. THE SPIRIT IN WHICH YOU ARE APPROACHING THIS PROBLEM CLOSELY CORRESPONDS TO MY OWN. I BELIEVE AS YOU DO THAT IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO ARRIVE AT ARRANGEMENTS WHICH, WHILE ADVANCING THE GOAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, FULLY TAKE ACCOUNT OF BROADER WORLD INTERESTS, INCLUDING OUR OWN. CERTAINLY, THIS SHOULD APPLY TO SUCH ARRANGEMENTS AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DEVELOP A JOINT COMMUNITY FLOAT, SHOULD THAT BE YOUR PREFERRED CHOICE. WE SHALL ALL HAVE TO BEAR IN MIND THAT AS DECISIONS ARE MADE IN THE PRESENT CRISIS, WE WILL BE HELPING TO DETERMINE THE SHAPE OF A NEW MONETARY SYSTEM AND THE PROSPECTS FOR MOVING AHEAD RAPIDLY TOWARDS REBUILDING A FULLY AGREED INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK. T FULLY SHARE YOUR DESIRE THAT ANY SOLUTION ARRIVED AT SHOULD REDUCE THE RISK OF FURTHER CRISES. SECRETARY SHULTZ WILL REMAIN AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATIONS WITH MR. BARBER. WITH BEST WISHES. SIGNED RICHARD NIXON *WHSR COMMENT SCOWCROFT,LORD,HOWE Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. RECALLED DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. PSN:004576 PAGE 01 ПР 01 TOR:064/00:37Z DTG:042325Z SECRET Message from Foreign Minister Aichi March 5, 1973 Finance Minister Aichi has decided to send Advisor to Fin Min Hosomi to Washington tonight via JAL Flight No 062, departing Tokyo 2130 Tokyo time accompanied by Fujioka Masao, Deputy Director-General International Finance Bureau, Ministry of Finance, and Sagami. They will be available for consultation Tuesday morning March 6 in Washington and will contact Paul Volcker. Hosomi prepared to go to Europe for meeting with Finance Ministers if desirable. PM Tanaka and Aichi are reluctant to make formal written reply to President Nixon's message to Tanaka because of sensitivepposition of Tanaka Cabinet during current budget hearings in the Diet and necessity of spreading knowledge of the message through Japanese Foreign Ministry if formal reply required. Believe action of dispatching Hosomi is adequate answer at this time. due to desire to keep these exchanges of messages very secret. SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON March 9, 1973 Henry: Do you wish to give State copies of the correspondence with the British, Germans and Japanese on the monetary crisis which was exchanged last weekend? Yes V No m a stiritly close-Lall basis for secretary Brent Scowcroft only Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON TOP SECRET/SENSITIVE/EYES ONLY March 9, 1973 MEMORANDUM FOR: Theodore L. Eliot, Jr. Executive Secretary Department of State Attached are the recent exchanges of messages between the President and Prime Minister Heath, Chancellor Brandt, and Prime Minister Tanaka, on the monetary crisis. These are, of course, provided exclusively for the eyes of the Secretary. 151 Brent Scowcroft Brigadier General, U. S. Air Force Attachments TOP SECRET/SENSITIVE/EYES ONLY Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.