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GUAM [July 26, 1969]
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nixon PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY & MUSEUM 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard NATIONAL Yorba Linda, California 92886 ARCHIVES (714) 983-9120; fax (714) 983-9111 Collection: National Security Council Files Series: President's Trip Files Box: 465 Folder: [05] GUAM [26 July 1969] TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 130 140 150 160 170 180 170 160 150 140 130 O Oahu Parece Vela 20 20 (U.S. administration) Wake Hawaii MARIANA (U.S.) ISLANDS Johnston (U. (U.S.) Saipan 0 GUAM (U.S.) Guam Bikini Atoll Eniwetok Atoll 10 10 Yap WEST PACIFIC ISLANDS MARSHALL 0 (MICRONESIA) / PALAU : Truk ISLANDS R ANDS Kingman Reef. E D (U. S.) Palmyra (U. S.) : ISLANDS Washington Fanning TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS Makir GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS COLONY (U.K.) (U.S. administering authority) Christmas (U Howland Greenwich 0 (U. Baker 0 TERRITORY OF NEW GUINEA Nauru. NETHERLANDS (Trust Terr. Ocean Jarvis ADMIRALTY IS. (Trust Terr.-Austr.) Austr.-N Z.-U.K.) (U. S.) NEW GUINEA Hollandia BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO SOUTHWEST SONNTS! Onotos (U. S.-U.K. Joint Control) New ANDS Canton rbury Ireland PACIFIC ISLANDS NEW GUINEA PHOENIX IS. Phoenix New Britain Buka (MELANESIA) SOLOMON Gardner ELLICE Malden Starbuck BRITISH SOLOMON IS. Lae Gasmata PROTECTORATE (U.K.) ISLANDS o Bouga Santa Isabel Nui Murua Atafu R FURA SEA Funafuti (Woodlark) Georgia TOKELAU Nukunono Penrhyn (Tongareva) Port Nukulailai D'Entrecasteaux (UNION GROUP) Fakaofu TERRITORY Moresby Guadal Rakahanga Caroline 10 canal PAPUA SANTA Nurakita TERRITORY OF WESTERN Manahiki Vostok MARQUESAS 10 Danger / Is. (Pukapuka) (Austr.) LOUISIADE Cristobal CRUZ SAMOA (Trust Terr.-N.Z.) Swains AMERICAN Nassau IS SAMOA Flint IS. Darwin Rotume (U.S.) Ile Uyea (Wallis) SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS NEW HEBRIDES FIJI B (U.K. -France NEW CALEDONIA (U.K.) Home Sa Apia Pago Pago Suverov (POLYNESIA) Is. Condominium) Tutuila TUAMOTU Pukapuka CORAL AND Espiritu Santo DEPENDENCIES FIJI ISLANDS Malekula (France) Vanua Levu EASTERN COOK ISLANDS (TONGA) (N. Z.) SOCIETY SEA Viti Papeete Suva GROUP. Palmerston Is. 5> Tahiti (5:: Niue 20 FRENCIALY 20 is New Rarotonge Caledonia Matthew Conway Reef Noumea TUBUAI OR AUSTRAL : Oeno PITCAIRN (U.K.) Ducie AUSTRALIA FRENCH POLYNESIA Pitcairn Brisbane Norfolk (Austr.) 30 30 Lord Howe (Austr.) NOTE: Red lines are intended only to indicate islands under the same national administration. They are not formal boundaries or territotial limits. Sydney National administration is not indicated for a number of islands which are claimed by the United States and by the United Kingdom or New Zealand; Adelaide this omission does not prejudice their respective claims. Canberra * Blue lines are intended to show general divisions between the West Pacific Islands, Southwest Melbourne Auckland TASMAN Pacific Islands, and South Pacific Islands. ? ZEALAND 0 500 1000 1500 0 SEA NORTH(ISLAND Statute Miles 40 0 500 1000 1500 40 Boundaries are not necessorily those recognized by the U.S. Government. NEW Wellington Nautical Miles TASMANIA SOUTH ISLAND Scale along the equator 130 140 150 160 170 East Longitude 180 West Longitude 170 160 150 140 130 28462 1-60 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. SECRET SECOND DAY Saturday, July 26, 1969 GUAM 1. You have a fifteen-minute meeting with Micronesian leaders and the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific, at 11:00 a.m. Points to Stress -- You are delighted to have the opportunity, however brief, to meet with the Micronesian leaders, and to express to them personally your conviction that the economic and administrative improvements you have ordered will indeed further the well-being of their people. You will welcome their advice as to what additional measures may be needed. -- This program which has been undertaken in Micronesia should be paralleled by changes in the US law to provide for closer relations between the US and Micronesia. -- You are anxious to hear from them their thoughts on the resolution (just passed) of the Congress of Micronesia which urges you and the US Congress to "consider the future status of the Trust Territory." -- Although the establishment of a new political compact between Micronesia and the US will not be a lightly-taken exercise, you are confident that a mutually desirable relationship can be worked out on a cooperative basis. -- You reaffirm Secretary Hickel's invitation to Micronesian leaders to come to Washington to participate in framing the statute which will give effect to the resolution of the Congress of Micronesia. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This'document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. Background on Micronesia Following World War II, the UN Trusteeship Council gave the mandate for control over the former Japanese-occupied Micronesian islands in the Pacific to the United States. These islands, which together comprise the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, are administered by the Interior Department through a High Commissioner. There is also an elected Congress of Micronesia, which in its relations with the High Commissioner functions much as the U.S. Congress does with respect to the President. Two years ago, the Congress of Microneisa established a Future Political Status Commission to consider what relationship Micronesia wished to maintain with the U.S. This action reflected dissatisfaction over the lack of attention paid to Micronesian problems by past Administrations, and in its initial report the Status Commission recommended only the 'free association" of Micronesia with the U.S., i.e. Micronesia in effect reserved the right to sever its ties with the U.S. However, with the visit of Secretary of Interior Hickel to the Trust Territory in May and the concurrent initiation by the U.S. of a major action program of economic and administrative improvements, this initial report was redrafted and now states that the future status of the U.S. and Micronesia as "partners" will be arrived at during discussions in Washington. The Congress of Micronesia has now accepted this report, and has just passed a resolution calling on the President and the U.S. Congress to "consider the future political status of the Trust Territory. Six Micronesians will come to Washington in September to help in drawing up what will be an Organic Law, which in turn will be offered to the Micronesian people through a referendum to be held in 1970. President Nixon's meeting with the Micronesian leaders on July 26 provides him with an excellent opportunity to reaffirm his own and U.S. interest in the welfare of the Micronesians, and to express confidence that a mutually desirable relationship between Micronesia and the U.S. will be developed. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON SECRET ACTION MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT FROM: Henry A. Kissinger SUBJECT: Guam: Your Meeting with Micronesian Leaders 1. You will have a 15-minute meeting with Micronesian leaders and the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Facific, at 11:00 a. m. on Saturday, July 26, in Guam. A list of the suggested participants is at Tab A. 2. The Setting: You approved an action program in early May, intended to improve the administration of the Trust Territory and to persuade the Micronesians that their interests lie in coming into a permanent associa- tion with the United States. An inter-agency committee led by Interior got the program underway very quickly. -- It has organized a special task force of experts in health, education, engineering, resources development and administra- tion, to make recommendations on programs for the Trust Territory. -- Arrangements have been made for Defense to provide several small construction teams and small vessels, to be assigned to projects which the Micronesians themselves want. -- It has assigned surveyors from Interior to clear up the confusion of Micronesian land titles. -- Work is proceeding on legislation which will permit freer Micronesian travel to the US and will bring Micronesia within the US customs area. Most important, a schedule has been set for the development of a statute governing the future relationship between Micronesia and the United States. About September 1, six Micronesian leaders will come to Washington to consult with the coordinating committee and with Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. - 2 - SECRET Congress. (They have yet to be selected by the Congress of Micronesia, but will probably include most or all of the Micronesians you will see on Saturday.) A proposed statute should be ready by mid-autumn for the Micronesian leaders to take back to Micronesia. A referendum is planned for 1970. It will offer the Micronesians an opportunity to express their views on the statute but it would not offer the option of voting for free association or independence. If approved, the proposed statute would be submitted to Congress. Secretary Hickel has obtained promises of cooperation from Senators Jackson and Allott and Congressman Aspinall. The action program has already begun to show results. A Micro- nesian district legislator in June asked that the Trusteeship Council of the UN defer its consideration of Micronesian land problems, because he believed that Washington's new attitude will enable the Micronesians to settle the problems. The problem presently before us is to persuade the Micronesians that they themselves should seek a permanent association with the United States -- and to do so without offering the Micronesians a plebiscite involving any options other than a permanent relationship with the US. Our action program started almost too late, and the Micronesian Future Political Status Commission (which the Congress of Micronesia established in the absence of any action by the US Government) was ready last spring to recommend that Micronesia seek "free association" with the US -- a concept too loose and vague for practical execution. After intensive politicking by Interior, the Commission has begun to recognize the difficulties this formula will pose. It has made its report, and has backed away from its initial recommendation for "free association" with the US. This is what we wanted, since the "free association" idea implies the right to withdraw at any time and creates an impossible tenuous relationship. The new language serves to blur this question of withdrawal by explaining that free association means entering a relationship on the basis of free desire of the Micronesian people. It points out that the US and Micronesia will be negotiating Micronesia's future status as "partners" and that the "definition of free association will be arrived at during discussions in Washington." SECRET Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. - 4 - SECRET 5. Points to Stress: -- You are delighted that your travel plans permitted a stop in Guam, where you could see the Micronesians. You are sorry that time did not permit you to visit the Trust Territory itself. -- After taking office, you found that the affairs of Micronesia had been allowed to take a back seat to other problems in Washington for too long. -- You hope that the new economic and administrative improvements undertaken in the Trust Territory will further the well-being of the people. You know that the work has just begun. High Commissioner Johnston has consulted with the Micronesian leaders in formulating these plans, and you hope that the Micronesians will continue to give their advice as to what is needed. -- The program which has been undertaken in Micronesia should be paralleled by changes in the US law to provide for closer relations between the US and Micronesia. -- This Micronesian interest underlines the need to proceed with our own thinking as to the Trust Territories' future, and you attach great importance to having Micronesian participation in our planning. -- You understand that several Micronesian leaders have been invited by Secretary Hickel to come to Washington to participate in the framing of the statute which will give effect to this resolution by the Congress of Micronesia. You wish to reaffirm Secretary Hickel's invitation. -- Setting up a new political compact is not an exercise to be undertaken lightly. You know that there will be much difficult work in arranging for a mutually desirable relationship. You are confident that the work will be done in the spirit of cooperation, and you hope that they will look upon the completed document as their own. SECRET Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. - 5 - SECRET -- Your meeting today has necessarily been brief, but you look upon it as the beginnings of an exchange which will result in a beneficial and long term relationship. 6. Brief biographies of the Micronesian leaders whom you will be meeting are at Tab B. 7. A brief background paper on the current political relationship between Micronesia and the US is at Tab C. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. PRESIDENT'S MEETING WITH MICRONESIAN LEADERS 11 a. m. Saturday, July 26 Admiral's Guest House, Guam Suggested Participants The President Dr. Kissinger Edward Johnston, High Commissioner, Trust Territory of the Pacific Dwight Heine, Special Assistant to the High Commissioner (Micronesian) Leo Falcam, Special Assistant to the High Commissioner Amata Kabua, President of the Micronesian Senate Bethwel Henry, Speaker of the Micronesian House of Representatives Lazarus Salii, Chairman of the Micronesian Political Status Commission Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. B Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. JOHNSTON, Edward E. High Commissioner Born 1918 in Jacksonville, Illinois Education: Illinois College, Jacksonville, AB in Psychology and economics, 1939; Phi Beta Kappa. Career: Appointed High Commissioner May 69. Advertising, newspaper and radio fields prior to WW II. In insurance industry in Hawaii since 1948. President and general manager of 50th State Insurance Associates, Inc., 1960-66; Merged into Hawaiian Insurance and Guaranty, Ltd., 1966 and became vice president of the firm. Secretary of Hawaii (Lieutenant Governor), 1958- 59; Chairman Hawaii State Board of Economic Development, 60-63. Political: Chairman, Honolulu County Committee, 55-58; National convention -- Delegate 1960 and 1968; Alternate Delegate, 1964; Chairman, Republican Party of Hawaii, 1965-69. Military Service: USAF, Pvt. to Captain, 1942-48; Captain to Major 51-52. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. HEINE, Dwight Special Consultant, Legislative Liaison Marshalls Home District Born 1919 in Aur, Marshalls. Look clan. Title: Alap. Languages: Japanese, English. Education: U of Hawaii 48-50 & 57-59, BA Education; studied pub. sch. admin. U of Hawaii, Fiji, New Zealand, Western Samoa 53 under UN Fellowship. Career: Scout and interpreter 44-45; educ. advisor 45-46; Sutp. of Elementary Schools 46-55; Educ. Administrator, Marshalls District 55-65; Dist. Admin., Marshalls 65-68; Special Consultant- Legislative Liaison, 68. Public Offices: App. District Judge 48-51; Elected Marshall Island Congress 51-53; Elected House of Representatives, Congress of Micro., 65, served as Speaker. Other: Special Advisor to US Delegation to UN Trusteeship Council, 54. Special Ambassador to Western Samoan Independence Celebration 62; Special Rep. to Advisory Council of Gilbert and Ellice Island Colony 63. Major Conferences: Indigenous Leaders Conference, Guam 60; Council of Micro. 61, 62, 63, served as Chairman. Travel: Hawaii, Japan, New Zealand, Fiji, W. Samoa, United States. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. FALCAM, Leo Ammy Special Assistant to the High Commissioner Ponape Home District Born 1935 in Uh, Ponape, Naniek clan. Title: Sihpwin Telonleng Uh. Languages: English, Spanish. Education: U of Hawaii 58-62, BA Sociology; Minor-Political Science. Princeton University Parvin Graduate Fellowship in Public Administration and International Affairs. Career: Teacher, Our Lady of Mercy School 56-58; Assistant Political Affairs Office, T.T. Government 62-63; Special Assistant to District Administrator, Ponape 63-64; Assistant District Administrator, Ponape 64; Special Assistant to the High Commissioner 67-present. Travel: Philippines, United States, Caribbean Islands, South Pacific, Australia, New Zealand Conferences: Accredited Delegate to South Pacific Commission Commissioner's Conference 1956 - Noumea, New Caledonia Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. KABUA, Amata Senate, President Marshalls Marshall Islands, Senator, born 1928. He is in line traditionally for a very powerful Iroij Laplap title. During the second Congress he served as floor leader of the Senate. In the first Congress, he was chairman of the Senate Committee on Ways and Means. He was a member of the Political Status Commission and was chosen by the Senate to accompany the High Commissioner to the UN Trusteeship Council in 1967. He is President and Manager of the Marshall Islands Import-Export Company (MIECO). He was a member of the Marshall Islands Congress (Nitijela) from 1956 to 1968 and served the later years as President. He attended Inter-District Advisory Conferences in 1956 and 1958 and the Council of Micronesian in 1963. He holds an AA degree from Maunaolu College in Hawaii. He is a former school teacher and administrator. (Term expires in 1970.) Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. HENRY, Bethwel Representative-Speaker of the House Ponape Ponape, Representative, Election District 12 (Sokehs and the atolls of Mokil, Ngatik, Nukuoror and Kapingamarangi). Born March 3, 1934 on Mokil. He served as Speaker of the House in the second Congress. During the first session of the first Congress, he was legislative secretary. He was a teacher at Pacific Islands Central School (PICS) from 1959 to 1968. He served as President of the Ponape District Legislature from 1959 until 1967. In 1959 he attended the Inter-District Advisory Conference and was the Micronesian advisor to the US delegation at the UN Trusteeship Council. He studied at the University of Hawaii. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. SALII, Lazarus Senate, Chairman of the Status Commission Palau Palau, Senator. Born November 17, 1936. Served in the House in the first two Congresses. In 1968, the Liberal Party of Palau selected him to oppose former President of the Senate, John Ngiraked. A native of Angaur, he is a member of the Bliub clan. He chaired the House Committee on Ways and Means in the first Congress and served as floor leader in the second session of the first Congress (1966). He was chosen by the House to accompany the High Commissioner to the 1967 UN Trusteeship Council hearings. He is chairman of the Future Political Status Commission. He was employed at Trust Territory Headquarters as a personnel specialist. He has served in the Palau District Legislature, the Council of Micronesia, and attended the National Legislative Conference in Hawaii in 1963. He has a BA in political science from the University of Hawaii. (Term expires at the start of 1973.) Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. C Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. THE POLITICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN US AND MICRONESIA History Japan seized Micronesia (The Marshall, Caroline and Mariana Islands) from Germany at the outbreak of World War I. Japan began its formal administration of the area by mandate of the League of Nations in 1920. During World War II the area was secured by US forces. Status Since 1947 Micronesia, now called the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) is now administered by the United States under a Trusteeship Agreement with the United Nations Security Council, approved by the President on July 18, 1947, pursuant to authority granted by a Joint Resolution of the Congress. The terms of this unique "strategic trust" give the United States full authority over the Territory, including the right to establish military bases. The terms require the United States to "promote the development of the inhabitants of the Trust Territory toward self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circum- stances of the Trust Territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the people concerned " Little has been done in 22 years to further Micronesian political, economic and social development. Actions in 1969 During April 1969 the NSC Undersecretaries Committee (USG) considered the status the USG should seek for the TTPI. It recommended that the US Government -- bring TTPI under US sovereignty at an early date. -- draft an Organic Act in close consultation with the Micro- nesian leadership. -- provide Micronesians a chance to express their views on Organic Act prior to enactment by US Congress, and take Congressional and UN views into consideration. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem - not offer the options of ASSIFPED idence or free association This document has been viewe Ppursan Order and and has been defermined be declassified. - 2 - -- start a program of action to improve the US image in TTPI and promote Micronesian economic, political and social development. Secretary Hickel was authorized to highlight the program of action and propose an Organic Act to the Micronesians on his TTPI trip during the first week in May. The Secretary of Interior visited the TTPI during the first week in May. He announced the program of action and invited Micronesians to participate in drafting proposed legislation. It is anticipated that Micronesian representatives will arrive in Washington in September. However, Chairman Aspinall of the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee has asked Interior Secretary Hickel to submit proposed legislation incorporating the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands as a United States Territory to the Congress by September 15-20. This time schedule would not permit adequate consultation with the Micronesians, and high-level action may be necessary to persuade Chairman Aspinall to relax his proposed time schedule. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. Background on Micronesia Following World War II, the UN Trusteeship Council gave the mandate for control over the former Japanese-occupied Micronesian islands in the Pacific to the United States. These islands, which together comprise the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, are administered by the Interior Department through a High Commissioner. There is also an elected Congress of Micronesia, which in its relations with the High Commissioner functions much as the U.S. Congress does with respect to the President. Earlier in 1969, the Congress of Microneisa established a Future Political Status Commission to consider what relationship Micronesia wished to maintain with the U.S. This action reflected dissatisfaction over the lack of attention paid to Micronesian problems by past Administrations, and in its initial report the Status Commission recommended only the 'free association" of Micronesia with the U.S., i.e. Micronesia in effect reserved the right to sever its ties with the U.S. However, with the visit of Secretary of Interior Hickel to the Trust Territory in May and the concurrent initiation by the U.S. of a major action program of economic and administrative improvements, this initial report was redrafted and now states that the future status of the U.S. and Micronesia as "partners" will be arrived at during discussions in Washington. The Congress of Micronesia has now accepted this report, and has just passed a resolution calling on the President and the U.S. Congress to "consider the future political status of the Trust Territory. " Six Micronesians will come to Washington in September to help in drawing up what will be an Organic Law, which in turn will be offered to the Micronesian people through a referendum to be held in 1970. President Nixon's meeting with the Micronesian leaders on July 26 provides him with an excellent opportunity to reaffirm his own and U.S. interest in the welfare of the Micronesians, and to express confidence that a mutually desirable relationship between Micronesia and the U.S. will be developed. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified. SECRET SECOND DAY Saturday, July 26, 1969 GUAM 1. You have a fifteen-minute meeting with Micronesian leaders and the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific, at 11:00 a.m. Points to Stress -- You are delighted to have the opportunity, however brief, to meet with the Micronesian leaders, and to express to them personally your conviction that the economic and administrative improvements you have ordered will indeed further the well-being of their people. You will welcome their advice as to what additional measures may be needed. -- This program which has been undertaken in Micronesia should be paralleled by changes in the US law to provide for closer relations between the US and Micronesia. You are anxious to hear from them their thoughts on the resolution (just passed) of the Congress of Micronesia which urges you and the US Congress to "consider the future status of the Trust Territory.' -- Although the establishment of a new political compact between Micronesia and the US will not be a lightly-taken exercise, you are confident that a mutually desirable relationship can be worked out on a cooperative basis. -- You reaffirm Secretary Hickel's invitation to Micronesian leaders to come to Washington to participate in framing the statute which will give effect to the resolution of the Congress of Micronesia. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and Musuem DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.