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DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - . RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 001 memo Emerging Situation 3/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14443 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 12 per RAC review 4/30/13 002 note David - FYI 5/29/1974 B w/attach MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14444 Pages: 2 003 memo Kennedy to Clift and Suanders 6/5/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14445 Pages: 3 004 note Hank A. to Dave Ransom 6/12/1974 B w/attach MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14446 Pages: 6 005 memo The Likelihood of Conflict 6/21/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14447 Pages: 28 006 memo The Likelihood of Conflict (duplicate of 5) 6/21/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14448 Pages: 28 007 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #5486 7/11/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14449 Pages: 5 008 note Kenendy to Grove 8/13/1974 B w/attach MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14450 Pages: 5 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 009 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3704 6/14/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14451 Pages: 2 010 telegram To Sec. State #3745 7/4/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14452 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 2 per RAC review 4/23/09 011 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4214 7/2/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14453 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 2 per RAC review 4/23/09 012 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4178 7/1/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14454 Pages: 4 013 cable Intelligence Information Cable 6/27/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14455 Pages: 4 014 telegram American Consul. to Sec. State #0328 7/24/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14456 Pages: 2 015 memcon Turkish Views 6/6/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14457 Pages: 3 016 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4979 6/25/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14458 Pages: 4 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 017 telegram Sec. State to AmEmbassy #134727 6/22/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14459 Pages: 5 018 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4891 6/21/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14460 Pages: 4 019 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #07841 6/21/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14461 DECLASSIFIEL Pages: 2 per RAC review 4/23/09 020 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4746 6/18/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14462 Pages: 3 021 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3801 6/18/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14463 Pages: 2 022 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3744 6/15/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14464 Pages: 6 023 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4684 6/17/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14465 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 2 per RAC 4/23/13 review 024 telegram Sec. State to AmEmbassy #129287 6/17/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14466 Pages: 2 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 025 report Research Study 5/30/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14467 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 13 per RAC review 4/30/13 026 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3700 6/13/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14468 Pages: 2 027 report An Extension of Territorial Waters 6/14/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14469 Pages: 2 028 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4572 6/12/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14470 Pages: 2 029 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3705 6/14/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14471 Pages: 2 030 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4684 6/14/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14472 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 3 per RAC review 4/23/13 031 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4677 6/14/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14473 Pages: 2 032 telegram Sec. State to AmEmbassy #127871 6/14/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14474 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 2 per RAC 4/23/13 review FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 033 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4720 6/17/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14475 SANITIZED Pages: 2 per RAC review 4/24/13 034 cable Intelligence Information Cable 6/11/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14476 Pages: 3 035 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4596 6/12/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14477 Pages: 3 036 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4566 6/12/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14478 Pages: 17 037 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3536 6/8/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14479 Pages: 2 038 telegram Sec. State to AmEmbassy #120351 6/7/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14480 Pages: 3 039 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/31/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14481 Pages: 3 040 telegram To Sec. State #3024 5/30/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14482 Pages: 2 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 041 telegram American Consul. to Sec. State #0268 5/30/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14483 SANITIZED Pages: 2 per RAC review 4/24/B 042 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4163 5/30/1973 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14484 SANITIZED Pages: 2 per RAC review 6/30/09 043 telegram To Sec. State #3025 5/30/1973 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14485 Pages: 4 044 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4193 5/30/1973 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14486 Pages: 5 045 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4142 5/30/1973 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14487 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 3 per RAC review 6/30/09 046 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3236 5/30/1973 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14488 Pages: 2 047 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/30/1973 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14489 Pages: 4 048 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/26/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14490 Pages: 3 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F. Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 049 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/28/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14491 Pages: 3 050 airgram AmEmbassy to DOS 5/22/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14492 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 3 per RAC review 4/23/13 051 memo David - 5/22/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14493 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 3 per RAC review 4/24/13 052 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/23/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14494 Pages: 7 053 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State # 06007 5/15/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14495 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 6 per RAC 4/24/13 review 054 handwritt Nov 25 - n.d. B en notes DECLASSIFIED MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14496 per RAC review Pages: 1 4/24/13 055 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/20/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14497 Pages: 4 056 telegram To Sec. State #101599 DECLASSIFIED 5/16/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14498 per RAC review Pages: 2 4/24/13 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 057 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3852 5/17/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14499 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 3 per RAC review 4/24/13 058 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4055 5/26/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14500 Pages: 12 059 cable AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3226 5/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14501 Pages: 6 060 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3223 5/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14502DECLASSIFIED Pages: 2 per RAC review 4/24/13 061 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3221 5/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14503 Pages: 2 062 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4128 5/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14504 SANITIZED Pages: 2 per RAC review 12/13/11 063 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #3219 5/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14505 DECLASSIFIED per RAC review Pages: 3 4/30/13 064 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4216 5/29/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14506 Pages: 5 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD - RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT DOCUMENT NUMBER TYPE SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION 065 telegram AmEmbassy to Sec. State #4219 5/31/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14507 DECLASSIFIED Pages: 2 per RAC 6/30/09 review 066 telegram American Consul. to Sec. State #0244 5/16/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14508 Pages: 4 067 cable Intelligence Information Cable (2 copies) 5/20/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14509 Pages: 4 068 memo Briefing Memorandum 4/5/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14510 Pages: 10 069 cable Intelligence Information Cable 5/20/1969 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14511 Pages: 2 070 memo Greece Under loannidis 4/18/1974 B MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14512 Pages: 14 071 note Smith to Barnum 7/29/1974 B w/attach MR Case NLN 09-56; Doc. ID 14513 Pages: 16 FILE GROUP TITLE National Security Council Files, NSC Secretariat - Richard M. Box Nixon Cables Contingency Plans 1974 1312 FOLDER TITLE [05] Greek-Turk Contingency Plans RESTRICTION CODES A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential Policy commercial or financial information. B. National security classified information. F Release would disclose investigatory information C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate compiled for law enforcement purposes. an individual's rights. G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. invasion of privacy or a libel of a living person. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA 14021 (4-85) CLASSIFIED MATERIAL SENT: DATE 5/17/74 - ! Copy for Addressee V 1179928 Ms. Duncan FROM: INR/RCRS 6535 State (Name) (Office Symbol) (Room No.) (Bldg.) TO: Mr. David Ranson NSC Old Executive Office Bldg. (Name) (Office Symbol) (Room No.) (Bldg.) 1 PART Room 396 DATE RECEIVED IDENTIFICATION 1 copy of Briefing Memo (Emerging Situation in Greece) FORM JF-6 THIS PART MAY BE USED FOR DISTRIBUTION AND/OR 2-70 DESTRUCTION 5 FAM 975.b AND 960.4 RETAINED FOR 3 YEARS (Formerly DS-406) Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/001] DEPARTMENT OF STATE BRIEFING MEMORANDUM S/S SECRET March 29, 1974 To: The Secretary with From: INR William G. Hyland Emerging Situation in Greece Attached is the INR evaluation of the situation in Greece that you requested at your analytical staff meeting on March 20. Comments from NEA and Ambassador Tasca, which you also requested, will be submitted separately. The paper's principal conclusions are: 1) The Ioannidis regime is both "odious and incompetent." It shows no inclination to move toward parliamentary government and no ability to deal with Greece's burgeoning problems. Its position is insecure because of its own inadequacy, public hostility, and especially the disfavor in which it is held by segments of the increasingly factionalized armed forces. Even so, Ioannidis, through repression and skillful police work, probably can remain in power for several more months and perhaps even for one to two years. 2) Whenever the Ioannidis clique goes, it is likely to be replaced by another military regime--possibly composed of senior commanders, possibly of younger hardliners. The former would look better to the outside and would be more inclined to place civilians center-stage, while pulling the strings from the wings, but neither would be prepared to DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 SECRET peR PAC 4/30/2013 GDS By MH/RJ NARA, Date 5/15/18 Doc. 14443 [12 pgs] Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET -2- permit a return to "unguided" civilian politics. 3) A take-over by leftists or supporters of Andreas Papandreou is highly unlikely because all of them are anathema to the military. A take-over by militant, nationalistic xenophobes--the "Qadhafiite" element in the officer corps--is also unlikely because pro-US sentiment in the military establishment remains stronger than Qadhafiite tendencies toward loosening these ties. 4) The US is perceived by all shades of Greek opinion to have a decisive voice in determining the course of Greek politics. The regime is anxious to retain a close working relationship with the US, while opponents of the regime are hopeful that the US will help restore parliamentary government. 5) A US policy of non-intervention is the least risky path for preserving access to military facilities in Greece. US detachment would preserve this interest without introducing any new element of instability into an already unstable political system. Continuation of this strategy would also reflect a US view that the Greek problem is indigenous and beyond our therapeutic powers. While US intervention might bring down a regime, it could not dictate the choice of a more palatable successor. Even though a policy of detachment risks gradually deteriorating relations with most Greeks by souring them on the US, it avoids a crisis. Moreover, any likely SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET - 3 - successor regime will value a US connection to bolster its own position, even though it will not liberalize its domestic policies to meet American wishes. This means that under a strategy of detachment, the US will probably be no worse off under a probable successor regime than it is now. Only if we are pre- pared to forgo military facilities in Greece can the US feel free to indulge a public posture of supporting moves toward democracy in Athens. Our concluding observation is that, while the strategy of disengagement preserves existing military facilities in Greece, no military regime would allow the US to obtain more without a higher level of open political support or military equipment. If Congressional approval for increased military equipment is unobtainable, continuation of the strategy of political non-intervention means abandoning Phase II of homeporting and excluding facilities in Greece from US contingency planning, except in regard to the threat of a Warsaw Pact attack. Attachment: INR Assessment SECRET Drafted: INR/RNA:PHStoddard:egt/mh x21057:3/29/74 Concurrences: INR/RNA - Mr. Jones INR - Mr. Mark Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET INR ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPING SITUATION IN GREECE The Ioannidis Regime: A Recapitulation For the past nine years, Greece has suffered from a lack of respected civilian or military leaders who could command broad popular support. The present regime is no exception: Resting narrowly on a relatively small clique of officers, it owes its dominance to its strategic position inside the military establishment. So far, no other faction has mounted a serious challenge. Ex- politicians of all hues; as well as youth and workers -- whose protests set the stage for Papadopoulos' down- fall --- seem cowed by the regime's repression. Nevertheless, the regime is not marked for longevity. Ioannidis and the obscure second-rate civilians in the Cabinet display even less capability than Papadopoulos to deal with Greece's burgeoning problems, including rampant inflation. Even so, they show no inclination to move toward representative government, in spite of outside pressure. While the regime's foreign policy is pro-Western and anti- Communist, its approach to the US and NATO is characterized by hard bargaining and considerable sensitivity to foreign meddling. Anatomy of the Greek Military Despite Ioannidis' control of the military police organization and his network of informers and well-placed junior and middle-grade officers, the loyalty of the military establishment is not secure. Although there do not appear to be any cohesive, monolithic factions, there seem to be three principal currents of opinion: 1) Hardline Support for Ioannidis. Although not entirely unified or homogeneous, the officers of this persuasion are better organized than their opponents. Intensely nationalistic, they want the SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET -2- army to remain in power indefinitely to avert political "anarchy" and to forestall an eventual communist take-over. 2) Other Contenders for Power. Ioannidis' potential rivals agree that the army should remain in charge -- but not under Ioannidis. Many are un- purged survivors of Papadopoulos' circle. Others are "Qadhafiites" --- young ultranationalists who advocate a more independent stance toward the NATO states and a tougher posture toward their facilities and privileges in Greece. While the strength of the Qadhafiites is uncertain, Ioannidis keeps an eye on them, and their views may have an impact on key decisions. 3) The "silent majority." Large numbers of officers at all levels blame unfettered civilian politics for the turmoil that plagued Greece before the 1967 coup. Although some of them favor the formation of a government of national unity and a gradual return to guided democracy," as a whole they are not a strong force for the restoration of parliamentary government. They seempprimarily concerned lest the growing politici- zation of the army damage the command structure and military effectiveness and jeopardize their own positions. Prospects for the Regime The army is the only force that could topple Ioannidis. The life expectancy of his regime depends on its retaining the support of key military units, especially in the Athens area. No combination of civilian elements could overthrow the regime without the help of such units. Despite the factionalism in the military establishment, there is no evidence as yet that civilian dissidents have attempted to reach an accommodation with military elements. Even though there is no political force in sight that could topple the regime, the elements of its eventual demise are already present in the form of its own inadequacy and the disfavor in which it is held SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET -3- by the public and segments of the armed forces. Any unforeseen disturbance, such as a student demon- stration or a workers' protest against inflation, could be the catalyst that precipitates the process of eventual collapse. Another possible catalyst would be a public US repudiation of the regime, in view of the wide- spread belief among Greeks that the US determines the course of Greek politics -- a tenacious attitude derived from 150 years of Greek reliance on foreign powers, and reinforced by patterns that grew up under the Truman Doctrine. Alternatively, a new officer clique, having learned from the November coup how easily it can be done, and already impatient with the regime's poor performance, might act in fear of being purged by Ioannidis for previous associations or for suspected antiregime plotting. No timetable can be assigned to the process leading to Ioannidis' downfall. He probably can remain in power for several more months and perhaps even for one to two years. He is most unlikely to remain at the helm as long as Papadopoulos. Whenever the Ioannidis clique goes, it is likely to be replaced by yet another military clique equally adept at plotting, unskilled in administration, and unprepared to permit a return to "unguided" civilian politics. There could even be a whole series of military coups. There is no constituency in the Greek military in favor of traditional parliamentary government; there are merely varying views on the extent to which the military should allow civilians to play a role in government. Most officers still feel that Greece is not "ready" for the return of the "discredited" civilians. There is little likelihood that either the Ioannidis regime or a successor would form a cabinet of prominent civilian politicians. If any individuals were brought back they would probably be denied any real power. They would certainly not include any leftists or supporters of Andreas Papandreou --- all of whom are anathema to the military. SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET -4- - The major operative difference between a successor regime headed by senior commanders drawn from the "silent majority" and one headed by younger hard- liners is that the former would look better. The senior commanders would be more inclined to place civilians, such as Karamanlis, center-stage, while they pulled the strings from the wings. In any event, there seems to be no way to assure a smooth transition from Ioannidis to the "moderate" generals. While there are indications of a political polarization between the Ioannidis clique in the Athens area and some senior commanders in northern Greece, the risk of a clash is reduced by a longstanding fear of civil conflict that stems from the agony of the Greek civil war. No noncommunist element is eager to touch off major violence; instead, much is made of the danger to Greece of a resort to force by any segment of the populace. There are also rumors, apparently based in part on wishful thinking, that Karamanlis, the resolute pro-American rightist, might return to Greece to cooperate with the northern commanders in a move against Ioannidis. However, Karamanlis, who has been in self-imposed exile since 1963, and who recognizes that he has only one last chance, is playing so cautious a game that he has not even criticized Ioannidis. His response to an invitation from the military might depend on his assessment of the US attitude toward it. SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET - 5 - Implications for the US The approach of the Ioannidis regime to foreign policy has differed little from that of Papadopoulos, except that the former seems more inclined toward parochial calculations of self-interest and a more adventurous policy in Cyprus. Ioannidis is intensely anticommunist. He is also officially committed to close ties with NATO, but this commitment is ir- relevant, since the regime is contemptuous of Western Europe and regards NATO as window dressing for Greece's special relationship with the US. The real worry of the Greek military is war with Turkey. Pro-US sentiment in the Greek military establish- ment remains stronger than Qadhafiite tendencies toward loosening these ties. On the other hand, the Ioannidis regime and many other Greek officers are dissatisfied with the benefits of the US connection. In return for continued bilateral cooperation, any military regime in Greece would expect at least tacit US endorse- ment, although none probably would expect a renewal of massive military aid, and all would be sensitive to signs of US displeasure. (An assessment of the value of these facilities and privileges to the US lies beyond the scope of this paper.) In addition, any military regime would be particularly frustrated by its inability to acquire modern weapons (for defense against Turkey). Ioannidis' basic approach to the US is more adversary than cooperative. He has concluded that the US needs Greece at least as much as Greece needs the US - - that the facilities which the US uses in Greece are worth more than is called for by present agreements. However, the regime is unsure how much the traffic will bear. These tactics might once have antagonized the public and more moderate military elements, but in recent years, pro-US sentiment has been overlaid by an element of anti-Americanism that would have been unthinkable a decade ago. This attitude derives in part from the inevitable frictions of a large American SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET - 6 - presence, but the main cause is the continuing inclination of nearly all political elements to exaggerate the "American factor" in Greek affairs. The US is widely regarded as the moving force behind both the Papadopoulos and Ioannidis regimes simply because it has done nothing to undercut them. Both regimes have worked hard to propagate the thesis that the US has been happy since 1967 to have law and order prevail. The result is a popular suspicion of US motives and intentions that could be drawn on by opposition elements and even by the junta to promote anti-Americanism if the need arose. Likely Effect on Political Evolution in Greece of a Range of US Actions Since the US is perceived by all shades of Greek opinion as determining the course of Greek politics, both the regime and its opponents continue to scruti- nize the US posture for clues to its intentions. Many opponents of the regime remain hopeful that the US will eventually "come to its senses" and help to restore parliamentary government. The regime, anxious to retain a close working relationship with the US, counts on the US to do nothing to undercut American security interests in Greece. The fact that the US is no longer a supplier of grant military and economic assistance (although FMS credits are still important) does not affect US influence over Greek affairs. There are two basic strategies that the US could adopt toward Greece's political problems: --intervention --a hands-off policy of detachment Intervention. This is the strategy pursued in the early Papadopoulos years. Past experience leads to the following conclusions: 1) The Greek problem is indigenous and beyond US therapeutic powers. Every regime bases its SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET -7- policy on how its own perception of events fits into its philosophical or ideological preconceptions. While US intervention might bring down a regime, it could not dictate the choice of a successor more palatable to us. There is no guarantee of moving from Ioannidis to moderate senior commanders with a Karamanlis out in front, which is about the best solution even remotely available. When the US was pressing for liberalization, Papadopoulos did not respond. When he later moved in this direction, apparently on his own initiative, he was overthrown by Ioannidis. Ioannidis will not ease up on the domestic opposition to curry favor with the US. 2) US efforts to direct the course of political evolution in Greece would alienate the regime, complicate bilateral working arrangements, and cost us the access we already have. Detachment. This is basically the present US approach: We deal with the regime in a routine, low-profile manner, while trying to avoid identifi- cation with it. Its effect on Greek political evolution is minimal. This strategy is unpopular in NATO. It causes problems in dealing with the Congress on Greek matters. It also risks gradual deterioration of US relations with most Greeks, since it is bound to be perceived by the junta's opponents (and by the junta, too) as tacit US support for a military dictatorship. Under this strategy, the Greek public will tend to hold the US responsible for the prolongation of repressive military rule, to the detriment of our traditional relationship and longer-term security interests. These adverse effects are reinforced by our continued close military association, the extensive US military presence, and the tendency of some DOD personnel to take up with the regime in their social contacts and public state- ments. However, if the US is to pursue successfully the negotiations now underway in Athens over the US Navy's use of the Greek base at Souda Bay (on Crete), continuation of the present strategy of detachment is essential over the short term. If the hands-off approach is not SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET -8- very pleasing to any faction, at least it avoids a crisis. Ioannidis would like more US enthusiasm, which would considerably strengthen his position, but he seems resigned to not getting it. Like Papadopoulos in the latter years of his rule, Ioannidis seems to have little difficulty living with the current US attitude. Moreover, most civilian and military elements remain keenly aware of Greece's isolation in the eastern Mediterranean and have learned the hard way since World War II that the US is the only foreign power really interested in what happens to Greece. Consequently, any successor military regime in Greece is likely to desire a substantial US/NATO role in its security system for a considerable time to come. What- ever approach the US pursues toward a military regime, any civilian regime that eventually returned to power probably would not turn sharply against the US. On the contrary, any new regime -- military or civilian -- would want demonstrable US support to lend legitimacy to its accession to power. Concluding Observations No military regime would be likely to authorize implementation of Phase II of homeporting without obtaining a higher level of US support for the regime, whether in the form of political endorsement or military equipment to improve the Greek military posture vis-a-vis Turkey and bolster the regime's position with the officer corps. Since Congress is unlikely to approve any increase in the supply of military equipment, continuation of the strategy of detachment means the abandonment of Phase II. It also means that the US would have to exclude the facilities in Greece from its contingency planning, except for the threat of communist aggression which the NATO Alliance was designed to meet. Under the strategy of detachment, we must assume that the present and future Greek regimes will be less helpful to the US in regional situations than was the Papadopoulos regime during the October 1973 war. Drafted by: INR/RNA:PHStoddard SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/00%] PRPARTMENT OF STATE * UNITED to Department of State TELEGRAM BATES or GRK -TuRK SECRET 9438 PAGE 01 NATO 03745 0422452 60 ACTION EUR-10 INFO OCT-01 SS-14 ISO-00 SP-02 PM-03 NSC-07 NSCE-00 CIAE-00 INR-10 NSAE-00 RSC-01 DODE-00 L-02 ACDA=10 PRS-01 EB-03 FEA-01 CIEP-01 TRSE-00 DRC-01 1067 W 014035 P R 0419257 JUL 74 FM USMISSION NATO TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6622 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY ANKARA SECRE If USNATO 3745 LIMDIS E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, NATO, GR, TU SUBJ: GREEK-TURKISH DISPUTE 1. ON JULY 4, SYG LUNS INVITED TO HIS OFFICE AMBASSADOR OF U U.K., FRANCE, FRG, ITALY, AND BELGIUM FOR DISCUSSION OF INITIATIVES LUNS INTENDED TO TAKE IN NEAR FUTURE REGARDING GREEK-TURKISH DIS- PUTE OVER AEGEAN. LUNS SAID THAT HE FEARED THE POSSIBILITY OF CONFLICT BETWEEN GREECE AND TURKEY AND THAT HE HAD CONCLUDED THAT HE SHOULD TAKE AN INITIATIVE VERY QUICKLY TO TRY TO ENGAGE THE TWO COUNTRIES IN EFFORTS TO DE-FUSE THE SITUATION. HE BELIEVED THAT AS IN THE CASE OF THE MIDDLE EAST, IF ONE TRIED TO SOLVE ALL OF THE ISSUES IN ONE PACKAGE, VERY GREAT DIFFICULTIES WOULD ENSUE. THEREFORE, HE FAVORED A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH OF THE KIND WHICH HAD PROVEN SUCCESSFUL IN THE MIDDLE EAST CONTEXT. 2. LUNS THEN SAID THAT HE FAVORED LEAVING ASIDE FOR THE TIME BEING THE LEGAL ASPECTS, THE QUESTION OF MINORITIES, AND QUES- TION OF CYPRUS. HE THOUGHT IT DESIRABLE TO CONCENTRATE ON THE ISSUE OF OIL AND MINERAL WEALTH IN THE AEGEAN AND TO TRY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM NOW BEFORE MAJOR DISCOVERIES OF OIL WERE MADE. THEFEFORE, HE INTENDED TO PROPOSE TO THE GREEKS AND THE TURKS DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED SECRET PeR PAC 4/23/2013 By MIHRI NARA, Date 5/14/18 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified Doc. 14452 [2 pgs] FORM DS-1652 OF STATE ASLINA I Department of State TELEGRAM STATES OF SECRET PAGE 02 NATO 03745 0422452 THAT THEY MIGHT ESTABLISH JOINT COMPANIES TO EXPLOIT THE OIL AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE AEGEAN. THE QUESTION OF PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPATION AND OTHER SPECIFICS OF SUCH JOINT COMPANIES WOULD BE MATTERS FOR LATER DECISION. 3. IN MAKING SUCH APROPOSAL, HE HAD IN MIND THAT HE DID NOT WISH TO CALL INTO QUESTION THE LEGAL RIGHTS WHHICH GREECE INSIS UPON AND THAT, ON THE OTHER HAND, TURKEY SHOULD BE AB TO SAY THAT IT HAS A REASONABLE SHARE IN THE MINERAL RESOURCES OFF ITS SHORES. HE RECOGNIZED THE DANGER THAT THE GOVERNMENT OF GREECE MIGHT THINK THAT NATO OR ITS SECRETARY GENERAL WAS TRYING TO IMPOSE A SOLUTION AND HE INTENDED TO BE DISCREET IN HIS MANNER OF PROCEEDING WITH THIS INITIATIVE, THINKING FIRST OF IMINARY CONTACTS WITH THE GREEK AND TURKISH PERMREPS ON THE COUNCIL. THIS MIGHT BE FOLLOWED UP, IF APPROPRIATE, WITH VISIT TO ATHENS AND ANKARA BY A/SYG KASTL OR BY THE SYGIS CHEF DU CABINET PAUL VAN CAMPEN. HE INTENDED TO AVOID ALL PUBLICITY, LUNS STRESSED. HE WOULD HOPE AT A SUITABLE TIME TO ELICIT DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT FROM THE ALLIES REPRESTENTED IN THIS MEETING. 4. LUNS ANTICIPATED THAT IF HIS INITIATIVE WERE AT ALL SUCCESSFUL THERE MIGHT BE FOLLOW=UP DISCUSSIONS, PERHAPS IN NATO HEADQUARTERS, IN WHICH HE WOULD ASSIST. HE THOUGHT THIS APPROACH WOULD AVOID THE CREATION OF AD HOC MACHINERY WHICH THE GREEKS DID NOT LIKE AND YET START A PROCESS OF NEGTIATIONS. AS REGARDS TIMING, LUNS SAID THAT HE INTENDED TO MAKE A BRIEF STATE- MENT IN THE DPC ON JULY 5, IN WHICH HE WOULD EXHORT THE GREEKS AND TURKS TO REFRAIN FROM ANY ACTIONS WHICH MIGHT LEAD TO USE OF FORCE. AT BELGIUM AMBASSADOR DE STAERCKE'S SUGGESTION, LUNS SATD HE MIGHT ALSO REFER TO THE "THREE WISE MENIS REPORT" OF 1956 AND TO A RESOLUTION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL WHICH WAS ADOPTED AS A RESULT OF THAT REPORT, WHICH CALLED FOR SUBMITTING DISPUTES TO GOOD OFFICES PROCEDURES WITHIN THE NATO FRAMEWORK. LUNS SAID HE WOULD FOLLOW THIS UP WITH PRIVATE DEMARCHES TO THE GREEK AND TURKISH DELEGATIONS TO NATO DURING THE WEEK OF JULY 8, LUNS SAID THAT HE INTENDED TO UNDERTAKE THIS INITIATIVE ON HIS OWN RESPONSIBILITY, ALTHOUGH HE WOULD BE GRATEFUL IF HIS INTENTIONS WERE REPORTED TO CAPITALS. RUMSFLED 1,MSK SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library FORM DECLASSIFIED DS-1652 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/007] PRPARTMENT OF STATE Department of State STATES UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM OF GRK -TURK SECRET 4449 PAGE 01 ATHENS 04214 0217232 67 ACTION EUR-10 INFO OCT-01 SS-14 ISO-00 NSC-07 NSCE-00 CIAE-00 INR-10 NSAE-00 RSC-01 I0-03 ARA-10 L-02 PRS-01 DRC-01 1060 W 110641 R 9215422 JUL 74 FM AMEMBASSY ATHENS TO SECSTATE WASHDC 4016 INFO AMEMBASSY ANKARA AMEMBASSY CARACAS AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY NICOSIA USMISSION NATO USMISSION USUN AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI SECRE T ATHENS 4214 LIMDIS E.O. 11652 GDS TAGS: PFOR GR TK SUBJ: TURKISH PROPOSAL FOR MACHINERY TO DISCUSS OUTSTANDING GREEK-TURKISH ISSUES REF ATHENS 4178 1. EMBASSY CONTINUES TO BE INTRIGUED BY GOG HANDLING, AT PRIMIN LEVEL, OF TURKISH PROPOSAL TO SET UP HIGH LEVEL ATERAL COMMITTEES TO DEAL WITH OUTSTANDING DIFFERENCES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO AEGEAN SEA ISSUES, AND MINOR- ITTES CWHICH IN GOT EYES DO NOT INCLUDE CYPRIOT TURK MINORITY). 2. IOANNIDES, AS REPORTED, HAS EXPRESSED HIMSELF IN FAVOR OF A PACKAGE DEAL. SENIOR FOREIGN MINISTRY OFFICIALS HAVE ALSO DONE SAME. GOT PROPOSALS CERTAINLY PROVIDE FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH SUCH DISCUSSIONS COULD BE CARRIED OUT, PARTCIULARLY IF, AS TURKISH AMBASSADOR TOLD ME LAST DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the DECLASSIFIED Richard Nixon Presidential Library SECRET SECRET/ By H/R NARA, Date 5/14/14 peR PAC 4/23/13 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined Doc. 14453 [2 pgs] FORM to be declassified DS-1652 THANTMENT of STATE / Department of State ANITED MAKES TELEGRAM STATE OF SECRET RAGE 02 ATHENS 04214 0217232 EVENING AT CANADIAN NATIONAL DAY RECEPTION, BOTH THE STRUCTURE AND SUBJECTS OF THE TURKISH PROPOSAL ARE NEGOTIABLE SINCE GOT PAPER INTENDED TO BE INITIAL PRO- POSAL. THUS TURKS THEMSELVES ALSO APPARENTLY PERPLEXED BY NEGATIVE GREEK REACTION. 3. ONE POSSIBLE ANSWER MAY BE THAT IOANNIDES AND THE MILITARY ARE LEAVING BASIC TACTICS UP TO PM ANDROUTSOPOULOS, WHO HAS TAKEN POSITION THAT ALL BILATERAL PROBLEMS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES SHOULD BE DEALT WITH THROUGH ROUTINE LATERAL DIPLOMATIC CHANNELS. SUCH AN APPROACH APPEARS TO INVOLVE LESS COMMITMENT TO OUTCOME, THUS KEEPING THE HEAT FROM FOCUSING ON ANDROUTSOPOULOS WHO CERTAINLY HAS NOT DISTINGUISHED HIMSELF BY BOLD QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP. 4. ANOTHER ANCILLARY CONSIDERATION MAY BE THAT TURKISH PAPER TS SUBJECT TO INTERPRETATION THAT GREEK LEGAL RIGHTS REGARDING DISPUTED AREAS NOT AS CLEARCUT AS GOG HAS ASSERTED SINCE AEGEAN ISSUES AROSE. IN SIMILAR VEIN APPARENTLY GREEKS ALSO VIEW INCLUSION OF MATTERS ON MINORITIES IN GOT PROPOSAL AS REOPENING OF THEIR TREATMENT IN LAUSANNE TREATY. FINALLY, PRESENT GOVERNMENT, AS IT HAS ALREADY DEMONSTRATED IN NUMEROUS OTHER CASES, FINDS IT QUITE DIFFICULT TO ARRIVE AT IMPORTANT DECISIONS. ITS DIFFICULTY IN THIS RESPECT CAN IN LARGE PART BE ATTRIBUTED TO LACK OF CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY. IT REFLECTS FACTS THAT MAJOR POLICY GUIDANCE IN ALL IMPORTANT MATTERS MUST COME PRIMARILY FROM THE MILITARY AND THAT CIVILIAN ELEMENTS UNDER ANDROUTSOPOULOS ARE NOT ONLY LACKING IN ULTIMATE RESPONSIBILITY BUT ALSO TIMID AND/OR INEFFECTIVE. IN OTHER WORDS, BECAUSE OF DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVE AND REAL POWER IN THE MILITARY STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY DELEGATED TO CIVILIAN MINISTERS GOG BY ITS VERY NATURE SIMPLY CANNOT WORK EFFECTIVELY. TASCA SECRETT Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM DS.1652 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [ NSC/1312/005/009] PRPARTMENT OF STATE Department of State STATE UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM OF GRK, TURK CONFIDENTIAL 8625 PAGE 01 LONDON 07841 211754Z 43 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 EURE-00 NEA-14 PM-07 NSC-07 SP-03 S3-20 RSC-01 CIAE-00 DODE-00 INR=10 NSAE-00 PA-04 USIA-15 PRS-01 TO-14 DRC-01 /123 W 110818 P 211746Z JUN 74 FM AMEMBASSY LONDON TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1483 INFO AMEMBASSY ANKARA PRIORITY AMEMBASSY ATHENS PRIORITY AMEMBASSY NICOSIA PRIORITY c o N F I D E N I A L LONDON 07841 E.O. 11652: XGDS-1 TAGSI PFOR, GR, TU, UK SUBJECT: BRITISH REPORT OF FORGED GREEK "WAR DECLARATION" TO TURKS 1. BRITISH COUNSELLOR ANKARA WAS TOLD TODAY BY MFAIS SOMSAL THAT TURKS HAD RECEIVED GREEK MFA NOTE JUNE 20 SIGNED BY 3 GREEK GENERALS (3RD ARMY OR CORPS COMMANDER AMONG THEM) WHICH SOYSAL CHARACTERIZED AS "TANTAMOUNT TO A WAR DECLARATION". GREEK MFA THEN TOLD TURKS TO DIS- REGARD IT. TURKS PUZZLED, AS THIS NOTE RUNS CONTRARY TO MOST RECENT PRIOR COMMUNICATION, WHEN GREEK MILITARY TOLD TURKISH GENERAL STAFF THAT NO RPT NO MINES WOULD BE LAID DURING GREEK MINE LAYING EXERCISE IN AEGEAN. 2. BRITISH EMBASSY ATHENS REPORTED SHORTLY THEREAFTER THAT IT HAD CHECKED WITH GREEK MFA AND WAS TOLD THE NOTE WAS A FORGERY. nevertheless, INTERESTING THAT FORGERY WAS PUT INTO TURKISH HANDS AT JUST THE MOMENT WHEN TURKS WERE EXPECTING A COMMUNICATION FROM GREEKS. 3. FCO SOUTH EUROPEAN DEPT. HEAD GOODISON COMMENTED TO us THAT THIS SEEMS ANOTHER INDICATION OF DISORGANIZED DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library peR PAC 4/23/13 DECLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL 50 By ml H/R NARA, Date 5/14/18 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified DOC. 14461 12 pgs] FORM X DIVARTMENT OF STATE AVEN ASB MC E'O' 13050' goenon 2'2 Department of State DECOMPRILISO ANITA NAME BEEND VOLNEY INDICATION 06 DIVOBCV TELEGRAM STATE БОКОБЕРИ DEbi' HEVD @000180M СОННЕЙТЕ OF МИБИ 108kg MEBE EXCECTIVE Y LUCH OKEEKS' ИОДЕ MVB Y БОНСКВА" TMVL HVD CHECKED MIL CONFIDENTIAL MD MV8 1070 THE us. BUILION VINENB HELOKIED ВИОНДРА PAGE 02 LONDON 07841 211754Z FVID DAKING CHEEK НӀИЕ ГУДӀЙО EXENCISE In VEGEVN" GOVERNMENTAL SITUATION IN GREECE, WHERE MANY COLONELS BE AND MAJORS ARE ABLE TO TAKE NUMEROUS ACTIONS WITHOUT HIGHER CONTROL. THE ALSO NOTED JINGOISM BEING BANDIED 10 ABOUT IN ATHENS. ITOM." CHEEK WEY ДНЕЙ LORD длика 10 018⑉ уноие THENJ MHICH BOABY CHVBVCLENISED va ANNENBERG 2 CHECK ЗЕЙСЬУГО (280 VERA 08 СОБЬЕ CONNVADEN ВОНФУГ THAT TOBKS HVD RECEIVED CBEEK WEV HOLE 20HE 50 11 BUILION СОПИВЕГГОВ YHKYHV MVS ДОГО TODAY BA NEVID 40 УПИПЕСТ! BUILISH Ok LONGED CHEEK "MVV LVUSI 6608 08' 10" nk 6'0" 77025$ to NW гоидои DABVT YTIROIRM АТВОСТИ УВВАВНЯМА VIHENS bWIOKIIA ТИНО VHKVBV AMIONIA 40 RECEIVIE MVSHDC SHIOMIIA 1482 bW WHENBY98A ГОИДОИ b STINVOS 30и 29 118078 652⑉87 10-74 DHC-07 1752 M H80-07 CIVE-88 DODE-SS IMM-IS И8ѴЕ-ОВ bv-sv nerv-10 БИНО OCA-ST 190-88 ENVE-G8 NEV-74 bw-03 ИВС-ОЗ 86-82 98-58 VCLION ENK-52 12 ЬVUE 01 гоиоои 03847 STTNEYS 8088 []815 1315 of 2fufe LETECKVW CONF IDENTIAL Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library FORM DECLASSIFIED DS-1652 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified INSC/1312/005/010] or STATE 1) Department of State TELEGRAM STATE OF GRK - TURK SECRET 5793 PAGE 01 ATHENS 03776 171612Z 43 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 NEA-14 EURE-00 SS0-00 NSCE-00 PM-07 NSC-07 SP-03 SS-20 RSC-01 INRE-00 PRS-01 CIAE-00 INR-10 NSAE-00 L-03 IO-14 OMB-01 DRC-01 /108 W 053282 o R 1715107 JUN 74 FM AMEMBASSY ATHENS TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 3811 INFO AMEMBASSY ANKARA USNATO IMMEDIATE 1663 USNMR SHAPE USDOCOSOUTH AMCONSUL ISTANBUL AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY NICOSIA SECDEF WASHDC AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI ISUN 1056 INCUSAFE SCINCEUR INCUSAREUR y S C R E + ATHENS 3776 E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, PBOR, GR, TU SUBJECT: GREEK-TURKISH AEGEAN PROBLEM REF: ATHENS 3700 AND 3744 AND ANKARA 4684 1. GIVEN IMPORTANCE VLACHOS ATTACHES TO PROCEDURAL SUGGESTION THAT SECRETARY TELL BOTH GREEK AND TURKISH FUNMINS IN OTTAWA TO FREEZE ALL EXPLORATION EFFORTS AND ENGAGE IN TALKS, PARTICULARLY AFTER HIS SECOND APPROACH REPORTED ATHENS 3744 WHICH CROSSED WITH ANKARA'S 4684, I CONTINUE TO BELIEVE MOST SERIOUS CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO MAKING SUCH AN APPROACH, DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library 32 FeR PAC 4/23/13 DECLASSIFIED SECRET By MIH/RI NARA, Date 5/13/18 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been Doc. 14465 [2pgs] determined to be declassified FORM DEPARTMENT OF STATE Department of State O TELEGRAM OF SECRET PAGE 02 ATHENS 03776 171612Z 2. I FULLY APPRECIATE EMBASSY ANKARA'S CONCERNS AND AGREE THAT SERIOUSNESS OF BOTH SIDES MUST BE ACCEPTED AND FORMULA DEVISED ACCORDINGLY. OF COURSE, 12-MILE ANNOUNCEMENT BY GOG WOULD COMPLICATE PRESENT SITUATION EVEN FURTHER. ON THIS POINT, HOWEVER, I BELIEVE THERE IS AT LEAST A GOOD CHANCE GOG, HAVING IN MIND LIKELIHOOD THAT CARACAS CONFERENCE WILL ESTABLISH 12-MILE TERRITORIAL SEA, MAY WITHHOLD UNILATERAL ANNOUNCEMENT PENDING SUCH ACTION. 3. PROBLEM AS WE SEE IT IS ONE OF FINDING EVEN-HANDED BASIS ON WHICH TO APPROACH PROBLEM IN ITS PRESENT DIMENSIONS. GREEK SUGGESTION seems TO US TO FIT THIS CRITERION SINCE DISPUTED AREA HAS SO FAR NOT IN FACT BEEN SUBJECT TO EXPLORATION BY EITHER GREECE OR TURKEY, ND IN ALL PROBABILITY NO OIL EXISTS IN THIS AREA. UNDOUBTEDLY TURKISH POSITION REFLECTS VIEW THAT BY ITS THREATENING TO EXERCISE EXPLORATION RIGHT, GOG IS MORE LIKELY TO BE INDUCED TO DISCUSS MATTER BILATERALLY. FOR OUR PART, WE RELIEVE BETTER CHANCE LIES IN MAINTAINING STATUS QUO so HAT NEGOTIATIONS CAN PROCEED WITHOUT EITHER SIDE BELIEVING THER TAKING ADVANTAGE OF SITUATION AS PRESSURE TO PRODUCE ISCUSSIONS. 4. WHILE WE AGREE NATO SYG LUNS SHOULD CONTINUE TO URGE BOTH GREECE AND TURKEY TO TAKE REASONABLE POSTURE AND DISCUSS PROBLEM BY PEACEFUL MEANS, WE DOUBT THAT AS PRINCIPAL MOVER HE WOULD CARRY SAME WEIGHT AS SECRETARY WITH EITHER GREECE OR TURKEY. IT WOULD BE USEFUL IF OTHER NATO ALLIES (SUCH AS UK AND FRG APPARENTLY ALREADY DOING) COULD ALSO URGE NEED FOR PEACEFUL APPROACH TO PROBLEM AS SHOULD BE EXPECTED FROM TWO MEMBERS OF SAME ALLIANCE. SO FAR AS TIMING IS CONCERNED, IT APPEARS WE ARE ALREADY SO CLOSE TO CRITICAL STAGE THAT WE SHOULD NOT LOSE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY PROVIDED BY NATO MINISTERIAL. IT HAS ADVANTAGE OF BEING ALREADY SCHEDULED AND AVOIDS DRAWBACKS OF MAKING SPECIAL EFFORT IN CRUCIAL SITUATION WHERE U.S. MEDIATION WOULD BE MORE LIKELY TO DRAW RESENTMENT FROM BOTH GREECE AND TURKEY. TASCA SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified Kennedy CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM RGES-1 DEPARTMENT OF [NSC/1312/005/011] CONUNCY STATE # * RESEARCH STUDY UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH THIS ADVANCE COPY IS provided FOR YOUR PERSONAL USE PRIOR TO APPROVAL COKK - FOR WIDER DISTRIBUTION. DO NOT May 30, 1974 FURTHER exproduce, distribute OR CITE DI LITTINGS OF INSURED INTELLIGEMOB. TURK GREECE-TURKEY CONTINENTAL SHELF DISPUTE IN THE AEGEAN SEA Contingency plan Summary A promising Greek oil strike in the Aegean Sea near the island of Thasos has highlighted a conflict between Greece and Turkey over jurisdiction of the seabed of the Aegean. --The dispute between the two states centers on the status of islands in the delimitation of the continental shelf boundary. --The Greek position is that a median line bound- ary should be negotiated between Greek and Turkish territory and that islands should be considered as basepoints for any delimitation. --The Turkish position is that the Aegean should be divided by an equidistant line which uses only the respective mainlands as basepoints; Greek islands would be assigned a 6-nautical- mile territorial sea but would be ignored as basepoints for establishing the shelf boundary. There are two principal approaches for resolving the dispute between the two countries. One would try, through negotiated agreement, adjudication, or arbitration, to settle the precise boundary between Greece and Turkey. The other would seek to provide for joint exploration and ex- ploitation of the resources of the disputed area without trying to delimit a boundary. Some believe that the latter course, though difficult at best to achieve, may have a somewhat greater chance of success. DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3,5 peR PAC 4/30/13 Prepared by T. V. McIntyre By ' MIH/R) NARA, Date 5/15/18 x22250 DOC. 14467 [12 pgs] This report was produced by the Bureau CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM of Intelligence and Research. Aside from normal substantive exchange with other SUBJECT TO DECLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE agencies at the working level, it has not E.O. 11652: DECLASSIFIED 12-31-80 been coordinated elsewhere. (Classified by R. Hodgson) Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 2 - Turkish shelf, would cause an inequitable Greek encroach- ment if the islands were given a full influence in the creation of an equidistance continental shelf boundary. The Turkish version of the shelf boundary, partially delimited, is shown on the attached chart. A chart de- picting the Turkish position appeared in the November 1, 1973, Turkish Gazette, but a Turkish official stated in April 1974 that the disputed area shown on the chart is misleading and not official. At present, the official version of the Turkish-claimed area is not available; the extent of the disputed area has been inferred from an oil concession map published by Mobil Exploration Medi- terranean, Inc. The continental shelf boundary issue has intensified as a result of Turkey's issuance of exploration permits in the central part of the Aegean. The Turkish explora- tion zone presumably lies beyond a 6-nautical-mile Greek territorial sea measured around each of the islands. The principles to be employed in the division of the continental shelf, i.e,, the construction of a median line ignoring or including islands as basepoints, could have a significant economic impact on either Greece or Turkey should the disputed area contain valuable resources. Physical Characteristics The Aegean Sea is bounded by Greece on three sides; Turkey is on the east. The Sea of Crete, part of the Aegean, occupies the southern fringe. The size of the Aegean is approximately 240 X 330 nautical miles. Bands of continen- tal shelf,* areas up to 200 meters in depth (100 fathoms=182.9 meters), are situated along the mainland fringes and about the 354 Greek islands and a small number of Turkish islands. The Greeks state that, because of the numerous Greek islands, the Aegean is "virtually a great Greek lake." In the northern part of the Aegean, depths range to 747 fathoms northwest of Nisis Psathoura, and in the * In legal terminology, the outer limit of the shelf is defined, in part, by a depth of 200 meters (200 meters=109.4 fathoms). CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM The dispute between Greece and Turkey over the con- tinental shelf boundary in the Aegean Sea concerns the methodology to be used to allocate the seabed between the two states. The disagreement centers on the status of islands as basepoints in the delimitation of a continental shelf boundary and has recently been exacerbated by a potentially rich Greek oil strike near the island of Thasos. * The oil strike near Thasos, however, is outside the disputed area, which is around the island of Limnos. The Greek position is that the shelf boundary should be a median line between Turkish and Greek territory, and that islands should be given full effect (both islands and mainland would be considered as basepoints in the boundary delimitation). The Greek version would place the shelf boundary very close to the Turkish mainland (see attached chart). The Turkish position is that islands should be ignored as basepoints and that the shelf boundary should be equidis- tant between the respective mainlands. Because of the number of Greek islands located close to the Turkish main- land, the Turks argue "special circumstances"; that is, if islands are utilized in this case as basepoints for boundary delimitation, the Turks would get a small share of the sea- bed, which they would consider inequitable. Turkey essentially bases its claims on the "presence" of two continental shelves and seabeds in the Aegean. One shelf, it argues, is a prolongation from Greece; the other from Turkey. Greek islands situated on the latter, the * An American petroleum engineering consultant believes that production at Thasos is about 20,000 barrels per day, not the 100,000 bpd reported by the Greeks. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 3 - southern extremity depths reach 1,383 fathoms west of Nisos Kárpathos. Geologically, the Aegean is complex. A series of parallel and intersecting faults exists, with associated subsidence, islands, and submarine shoals. Generally, the 100-fathom isobath is situated less than 5 nautical miles offshore; exceptions exist in the Cyclades (Kikladhes Nísoi) southwest of Athens, and in the heads of some bays. The Turkish continental shelf position is based, in part, on the assertion that the Greek islands of the eastern Aegean and associated shelf areas are geologically part of the Anatolian land mass even though geologists have found that the continental shelf extending from the Turkish main- land drops off very sharply a short distance from the coast. The Continental Shelf and Customary International Practice The first continental shelf agreement occurred in 1942 between the United Kingdom and Venezuela.* The de- limitation was in the Gulf of Paria between Venezuela and the then-British dependency of Trinidad and Tobago. In past cases as well as the present one a principal issue in the division of the continental shelf involves the problem of "special circumstances" which relate to some unique geographical or geological attributes of the states involved. Examples of "special circumstances" that have been negotiated are concave coasts and distant offshore islands. A state possessing a concave coast is disadvantaged relative to another state with a different coastal configur- ation in any delimitation involving the principle of equi- distance because delimitation lines converge inward. The problem of offshore islands and the weight to be assigned to them in the establishment of basepoints for the construction of an equidistant line is another type of "special circum- stance." * See U.S. Department of State, Office of the Geographer, Continental Shelf Boundary: Trinidad & Tobago-Venezuela, Limits in the Seas No. 11 of March 6, 1970. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 4 - The 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf A shelf agreement between Greece and Turkey would involve both adjacent and opposite coastal areas of the two states. Article 6 of the Convention on the Continental Shelf sets forth the procedures for delimiting shelf boundaries between states which share an adjacent shelf or lie on opposite sides of the shelf, as in the case of a semi- enclosed sea. Article 6.1. Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two or more States whose coasts are opposite each other, the boundary of the continental shelf appertaining to such States shall be determined by agreement between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary line is justified by special circumstances, the boundary is the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured. Article 6.2. Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two adjacent States, the boundary of the continental shelf shall be deter- mined by agreement between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary line is justified by special circumstances, the boundary shall be determined by application of the principle of equidistance from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured. The North Sea Case, 1969 The North Sea Case involved a dispute, between West Germany on one side and Denmark and the Netherlands on the other, regarding the delimitation of continental shelf boundaries between adjacent states in the North Sea. Be- cause of a concave coast, West Germany would not have received an equitable share of the shelf if the equidistance principle had been employed in the shelf boundary delimitation. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) determined that the equidistance principle in Article 6 of the Convention CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 5 - on the Continental Shelf with respect to adjacent states was not established as customary international law. The Court stated that the purpose of a boundary through the seabed was to divide the area equitably between or among adjacent states. The ICJ stressed three principles: 1. The basic principle was delimitation by agreement; negotiations were to be meaningful and not pro forma exercises before falling back on an equidistant line; 2. Equitable principles should be applied either by equidistance or by other methods; and 3. The continental shelf of a state must be its natural prolongation, and it must not encroach on the natural prolongation of another state. The Court said that (a) negotiators should consider the geographical configuration of the coast to determine what features constitute natural prolongation of which territory; (b) the unity of specific mineral deposits should be respected; and (c) there should be a reasonable degree of proportionality, in the division, to the respective lengths of the coastlines of the states. In addition to the ICJ guidelines, the "special circum- stances" created by the location of islands must be taken into account, especially when the islands grossly distort the position of the equidistance line. Recent state practice has been to ignore or diminish the importance of small, un- inhabited islands situated near the center of a semi-enclosed sea.* In any treatment of islands in the delimitation of maritime boundaries, state practice has been that islands are entitled to their own territorial seas and continental shelves. However, the basic issue is how much effect should small islets have as basepoints in relation to a larger main- land mass, while preserving the concept of equity. * See U.S. Department of State, Office of the Geographer, Continental Shelf Boundary: Italy-Yugoslavia, Limits in the Seas No. 9 of February 20, 1970; Continental Shelf Boundary: Abu Dhabi-Qatar, Limits in the Seas No. 18 of May 29, 1970; Continental Shelf Boundary: Iran- Saudi Arabia, Limits in the Seas No. 24 of July 2, 1970. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 6 - The basic issues in the Aegean Sea dispute are: (1) What is the status of islands in the delimitation of that continental shelf boundary? (2) What is equitable in view of the knowledge that the petroleum potential may be great in the offshore areas involved? The Arena The attached chart approximately delimits the dis- puted area, the Greek and Turkish concessions and the explora- tion zones, and the median line interpretations of the two states. Current attention is on the disputed area west of Lesvos and south of Limnos. In addition, the Greeks have accepted concession applications in the region around Rodhos and Kos, which will cause difficulties. From the Turkish viewpoint, the dispute includes all those areas that are westward of the Greek median line (green line) and eastward of the Turkish median line (blue line), and within the Turkish concession application zone (enclosed by red lines). The Greeks do not contest any Turkish concession areas eastward of the Greek median line (green line). Greek Position The Greek position is based on the 1958 Geneva Conven- tion on the Continental Shelf. * The Greeks contend that * The Greeks acceded to the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf on November 6, 1972, with the following reservation: [Translation] pursuant to article 12 of the Convention, the Kingdom of Greece makes a reservation with respect to the system of delimiting the boundaries of the continental shelf appertaining to States whose coasts are adjacent or opposite each other, provided for in article 6, paragraphs 1 and 2, of the Convention. In such cases, the Kingdom of Greece will apply in the absence of international agreement, the normal baseline system for the purpose of measuring the breadth of the territorial sea. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 7 - sovereign shelf rights appertain to islands and mainland alike. The shelf boundary is therefore between the Greek islands and Turkish mainland and coastal islands. On March 1, 1974, Greek Foreign Minister Tetenes stated that a possible solution to the dispute may be joint exploration arrangements in those areas beyond 12 nautical miles. If the dispute heightens, the Greeks may threaten to declare a 12-nautical-mile territorial sea, but the Turks may assume that the Greeks will not carry out this threat because of the difficulties the action might raise for navigational questions. The Greek position has hardened recently. The Greeks feel that the Conventions on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone and on the Continental Shelf so explicitly support their claims that to admit that a dispute exists would automatically undermine their position. Successful negotiations obviously will have to be premised on a softening of this attitude. Turkish Position Turkey has not become a party to the 1958 Geneva Con- tinental Shelf Convention for "technical reasons." The Government of Turkey does, however, agree with the principles of the Convention and is generally applying them in its administrative procedures. The specific parts of the Con- vention supported by the Turks are those that concern "special circumstances" (Articles 6-1 and 6-2) * As far as we know, no Turkish legislation exists which specifically governs the administration of the legal con- tinental shelf. Licensing procedures for exploration of the shelf within territorial waters (6 nautical miles) are ad- ministered under Petroleum Law No. 3626 and the Mining Law No. 6309. As a result, licenses for offshore petroleum exploration are granted by the Turkish Petroleum Adminis- tration under the same procedures and criteria as those that govern the granting of exploration permits in the interior of the country. Such licenses are subject to approval of the Council of Ministers. * The Turkish Government position relative to the Conti- nental Shelf Convention was stated in February 1968. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 8 - In February 1974 the Turkish Foreign Ministry decided to challenge directly the Greek position on Aegean oil leases but did not challenge Greek drilling west of the Turkish median line. Objecting to oil companies operating under Greek licenses in disputed areas, the Turkish Govern- ment has noted that no agreement has been negotiated between Greece and Turkey on boundaries on the shelf. Although the Turks reject the Greek shelf position, they believe that a bilateral agreement should be negotiated as soon as possible. The Turks do not appear to oppose a joint Greek-Turkish exploitation of the Aegean, although they would prefer a shelf division based on an alleged geological rift.* From the Turkish viewpoint, the Aegean controversy is basically an economic issue. The Turkish Prime Minister stated on April 9, 1974, that he "would like to solve issues between Turkey and Greece as technical and legal questions before they become political problems." In February 1974 the Turkish Government granted to TPAO (Turkish Petroleum Corporation) permission to drill for oil in 27 offshore locations. ** TPAO received new permits on April 1 to prospect for oil in the areas to the west of oil areas No. 1 and No. 9 outside Turkish terri- torial waters but on the claimed continental shelf. On April 9, 1974, the Turkish Council of Ministers empowered TPAO to explore for oil in the areas of the Aegean which are disputed between Turkey and Greece. TPAO plans preliminary exploratory work in the Aegean beginning in June 1974, followed by exploratory drilling later in the year. Reports indicate that TPAO lacks the technical capa- bility to conduct exploration activities offshore in the * There are numerous rifts in the Aegean. The Turks have not specified which one of the many would form the sea- ward margin of their shelf claim. ** Area of exploration zone is approximately 3,953,000 acres. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONF IDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM - 9 - Aegean. It will have to negotiate with a major oil company to supply the required equipment and technical knowledge.* Approaches to Resolution of Dispute There are two possible approaches to resolving the dispute between Greece and Turkey. One approach would in- volve negotiation, adjudication, or arbitration on the principles for the delimitation of the continental shelf boundary and/or the precise determination of that boundary. The problems of reaching agreement on the boundary are particularly great in this case. Apart from other political frictions between the two parties, the geographic conditions of the Aegean constitute the most complex example of "special circumstances" in any current continental shelf dispute. The Greek islands are large, numerous, and situ- ated in close proximity to the Turkish mainland. Turkish willingness to grant the islands a territorial sea and coextensive shelf is complicated by the implied Greek threat to expand its territorial sea claim from 6 to 12 nautical miles. In the event of this action, Greece would absorb virtually all of the disputed shelf area under the terri- torial sea doctrine. An alternative possibility for resolving the dispute may be a negotiated arrangement for joint exploration and exploitation of the disputed area. Such an arrangement would undoubtedly be very difficult to negotiate -- perhaps as difficult as working out an agreed boundary between the two parties. Some suggest, nevertheless, that dealing with the mutual development of the resources may prove a more produc- tive approach than trying to resolve the complicated legal and emotional issues involved in arriving at an agreed boundary. * It was reported May 7, 1974, that Geophysical Services Inc. of Dallas, Texas, was about to sign a contract with TPAO for conducting oil prospecting studies in the Aegean. CONFIDENTIAL/NO FOREIGN DISSEM Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/014] NT OF DEPAR STATE * * Department of State UNITED TELEGRAM STATES OF GRK-TUCK SECRET 2195 PAGE 01 ANKARA 04684 142022Z 73 ACTION EUR=25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 NEA-14 I0-14 DL0S-07 OMB-01 COA-02 SCI-06 FEA=02 INT-08 SAJ-01 CIAE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC=07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP=03 SS-20 USIA-15 DRC=01 /156 W 030545 R 141350Z JUN 74 FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC 4600 INFO AMCONSUL ISTANBUL AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY NICOSIA USMISSION NATO USUN 1558 USNMR SHAPE USDOCOSOUTH SECDEF WASHDC AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI CINCUSAFE USCINCEUR CINCUSAREUR DECLASSIFIED SECRET ANKARA 4684 E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 peR PAC 4/23/13 By MIHR NARA, Date 5/15/18 E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, PBOR, GR, TU Doc. 14472 [3pgs] SURJ: GREEK-TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE REF: ATHENS 3700 1. SEEMS TO US THAT TURKS WOULD REGARD SUGGESTION IN PARA 2 REFTEL AS ONE-SIDED. AMONG ARGUMENTS GOT LIKELY TO RAISE AGAINST IT ARE: A @ FREEZE ON EXPLORATION IN DISPUTED AREAS WOULD AFFECT SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified OF DEPAT STATE * * MAKERS ? Department of State UNITED TELEGRAM STATE OF SECRET PAGE 02 ANKARA 04684 142022Z ONL Y TURKISH EFFORTS, SINCE TURKS ASSERT GREECE HAS ALREADY COMPLETED ITS EXPLORATIONS CANKARA 4566). E'O' 43250' Section B. FREEZE WOULD DELAY TURKEY'S POSSIBLE EXPLOITATION OF MUCH-NEEDED RESOURCE C. FREEZE WOULD TAKE PRESSURE OFF GREECE TO REACH NEGOTIATED SOLUTION; AND D. FREEZE WOULD HAVE NO BEARING ON ANOTHER MAJOR ASPECT OF AEGEAN DISPUTE: GREECE'S INTENTION TO EXTEND TRRRITORIAL WATERS TO 12 MILES WHICH TURKS DETERMINED TO CHALLENGE CATHENS 3701, ANKARA 4596). 2. WITH THESE POINTS IN MIND, WE WOULD EXPECT THAT IF U.S. MADE SUCH PROPOSAL TURKS WOULD NOT ACCEPT IT AND WOULD FURTHERMORE DOUBT OUR IMPARTIALITY. 3. IN OUR VIEW, IT ESSENTIAL THAT BOTH GREEKS AND TURKS REALIZE THE SERIOUSNESS AND POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR RESPECTIVE UNILATERAL ACTIONS AND CHALLENGES. WE HAVE BEEN EQUALLY CONCERNED OVER WHAT EMBASSY ATHENS HAS REPORTED RE ATTITUDE OF GREEK MILITARY ON ONE HAND AND, OTHER HAND, BY COMBATIVE, TURBULENT ATTITUDE WE ENCOUNTERING HERE IN BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN CIRCLES. TYPICAL OF COMMENTS HERE IS CONSTANTLY REPEATED REFRAIN THAT GREEKS MUST BE OUT OF THEIR MINDS IF THEY THINK TURKS WILL EVER PERMIT AEGEAN TO BECOME A GREEK LAKE. IN THIS CONNECTION EMBASSY HAS LITTLE DOUBT THAT 12 MILE ANNOUNCEMENT BY GOG WOULD BE FOLLOWED BY A TURK SHOW OF FORCE IN NEWLY CLAIMED GREEK AREAS CANKARA 4596). 4. IF US-OR ANYONE ELSE-IS TO ATTEMPT TO BROKER THIS PROBLEM, THEREFORE, SERTOUSNESS OF BOTH SIDES MUST BE ACCEPTED AND FORMULA DEVISED ACCORDINGLY. IN THIS REGARD, WE THINK THERE MIGHT BE CHANCE OF ACCEPTANCE IF BOTH SIDES WERE CALLED UPON TO REFRAIN FROM ANY FURTHER UNILATERAL ASSERTIONS OF SPECIFICALLY INCLUDING OIL EXPLORATION AND EXTENSION OF TERRITORIAL WATERS TO 12 MILES--FOR A SPECIFIED PERIOD DURING WHICH NEGOTIATIONS WOULD BE CARRIED ON. THIS LIMITED MORATORIUM WOULD APPEAR MORE EVEN-HANDED, WE BELIEVE, AND WOULD HAVE TWIN ADVANTAGES OF DEFERRING RISK SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified ENT OF DEPAR STATE * * Department of State OF STATES UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM SECRET PAGE 03 ANKARA 04684 142022Z OF CONFLICT WHILE STIMULATING PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT EFFORTS. 5. THERE REMAINS QUESTION OF WHO SHOULD MAKE PROPOSAL, I SUGGEST BEST CHOICE WOULD BE NATO SYG LUNS, WHO ALREADY HAS SHOWN INTEREST IN PROBLEM AND SHOULD, I BELIEVE, BE ENCOURAGED TO CONTINUE USING HIS GOOD OFFICES IN RESOLVING DISPUTE. THERE ARE TWO PRINCIPAL REASONS FOR SUGGESTING THAT U.S. NOT CARRY PROPOSAL: FIRST, PAST INVOLVEMENT IN GREEK- TURKISH DISPUTE OVER CYPRUS HAS COST U.S. HEAVILY; AND, SECOND, IF U.S. TAKES STEP TOWARD INTERMEDIARY ROLE IN AEGEAN DISPUTE AT THIS EARLY STAGE, WE RISK EXPENDING OUR PRESITGE AND INFLUENCE BEFORE POSSIBLY CRITICAL STAGE REACHED. 6, WOULD APPRECIATE EMB ATHENIS COMMENTS. MACOMBER SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/015] / DEPARTMENT OF STATE * Department of State UNITED STATES I TELEGRAM OF GRK - TURK CONFIDENTIAL 2425 PAGE 01 STATE 127871 60 ORIGIN EUR=25 INFO OCT-01 TSO=00 CIAE-00 DODE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR=10 L=03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS=20 USIA-15 NEA-14 ACDA-19 OMB-01 TRSE-00 SAJ-01 /135 R DRAFTED BY EUR/GRK:JGDAY:BM APPROVED BY EUR:WSTABLER EUR/GRK se GTCHURCHILL EUR/TUR was BHIRSHORN 035627 P R 1423297 JUN 74 FM SECSTATE WASHDC TO AMEMBASSY ATHENS PRIORITY AMEMBASSY ANKARA INFO AMEMBASSY LONDON USMISSION NATO AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI CINCUSAFE RAMSTEIN GERMANY USDOCOSOUTH NAPLES ITALY USCINCEUR VATHAIGEN GERMANY CINCUSAREUR HAEIOLEBERG GERMANY USNMR SHAPE BELGIUM CONFI R ₦ STATE 127871 E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, GR, TU, CY SUBJECT: GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS 1. MINISTER OF GERMAN EMBASSY (NOEBEL) INFORMED DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY STABLER THAT GERMAN EMBASSY ANKARA HAD RECENTLY SENT "ALARMING" REPORT ABOUT TURKISH CONCERNS OVER POSSIBLE UNILATERAL MOVE BY GREECE TO EXTEND ITS TERRITORIAL WATERS TO 12 MILES. (IN SEPARATE CONVERSATION GERMAN OFFICER TOLD US COUNSELOR OF GERMAN EMBASSY ANKARA HAD BEEN INFORMED BY SOYSAL THAT GOT WOULD REGARD SUCH MOVE AS CASUS RELLI.) DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library Dep PAC 4/23/13 DECLASSIFIED CONF IDENTIAL By MIHRS NARA,Date 5/15/18 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 DOC. 14474 [2 pg5] and has been determined to be declassified DEPARTMENT OF STATE Department of State UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM STATES OF CONE IDENTIAL PAGE 02 STATE 127871 2. STABLER RESPONDED BY INDICATING WE UNDERSTOOD GOG HAD MADE DECISION TO EXTEND ITS TERRITORIAL WATERS TO 12 MILES, BUT WE DID NOT KNOW WHEN DECISION WOULD BE IMPLEMENTED AND SPECIFICALLY WHETHER IT WOULD BE PUT INTO EFFECT BEFORE CARACAS LAW OF SEA CONFERENCE. STABLER STRESSED OUR CONCERN OVER THIS ISSUE NOT ONLY BECAUSE OF ITS IMPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF POSSIBLE CONFRONTATION RETWEEN TWO NATO ALLIES BUT ALSO BECAUSE OF OUR GENERAL VIEWS OF TERRITORIAL SEA AND FREE PASSAGE QUESTIONS. HE ADDED THAT WE WERE CAREFULLY STUDYING WHOLE PROBLEM OF GREEK- GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS BUT WE HAD NOT YET DECIDED ON WHAT useful STEPS MIGHT BE TAKEN AT THIS TIME. IN ANY CASE, WE HOPED THAT GREEK AND TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTERS WOULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NEXT WEEKIS OTTAWA NATO MINISTERIAL MEETING TO DISCUSS THEIR PROBLEMS. 3. NOEBEL ALSO REPORTED (A) BULGARIA GOVERNMENT HAD TOLD GREEK EMBASSY SOFIA THAT IT WAS AGAINST THE AEGEAN'S BECOMING A TOTALLY "GREEK" SEA (B) GERMAN AMBASSADOR HEADING LOS DELEGATION HAD INDICATED HE WAS INCLINED TO SUPPORT TURKISH LEGAL POSITION ON AEGEAN CONTINENTAL SHELF DISPUTE AND (C) GERMAN EMBASSY WOULD INFORM DEPARTMENT OF ANY STEPS FRG MIGHT TAKE TO HELP AVOID GREEK-TURKISH CONFRONTATION. SISCO Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library PIDENTIAL DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified NGI 11317 / No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-203-7 FORNANTMENT Op STATES # * CELING AMERICA Department of State TELEGRAM STATES of GRI_ TWA SELRET 4974 PAGE 01 AHKAKA 04720 1710142 DOS REVIEWED 12-Dec-2012: NO OBJECTION TO DECLASSIFICATION 11 ACTION 600⑉19 REFER TO CIA INFO Outway 55-14 150-00 NEA-06 NSC=07 NSCE-00 SSO-00 1 №10 NSAE*06 RSC-01 INRE-00 DODE-00 PM-03 OKE-01 SP-01 /956 W 050050 C 1709502 June 74 FM AMEMOASS- ANKARA TO SECSTA # WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4618 TNFU AMEMBASST ATHENS IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY RETRUT IMMEDIATE SFOR F T ANKARA 4720 LIMOTS CIA REVIEWED 18-Dec-2012: NO OBJECTION TO RELEASE AS SANITIZED NOFORN F.O. 110521 EWS TAGS: ProR, Pank, GA, TU SUBJECT: GOT INTEREST IN RUMOR OF PLANNED GREEK ATTACK SUMMARY: wor INFORMS USG OF REPORT OUT OF BEIRUT THAT GUG PLANS ATTACK TURKEY IN AEGEAN JUNE 20-24, GOT VERY SKEPTICAL AUT WOULD APPRECIATE us EFFORT RUN DOWN RUMOR, END SUMMARY. :- MFA UTAGEN POLAFFS SYOSAL TOLD DCM SPAIN MORNING JUNE 17 THAT 601 HAV REPORT, "PERHAPS MORE A RUMOR", ORIGINATING RETROL THAT GUR INTENDED THREE-DAY MILITARY OPERATIONG JUNE 20-24 45'1'ST TURKISH SHIPS IN AEGEAN AND TURKISH AIR BASES ON ADJACENT COAST. PLAN WAS TIMED COINCIDE WITH PRESIDENT NIMON'S VISIT MUSCOR AND EXPECTATION WAS SIXTH FLEET WOULD INTERVENE STOP FIGHTING SHORT OF ALL-OUT WAR, 2. GOT was SKEPTICAL OF REPORT: INDEED FOUND IT ALMOST UNRELIEVABLE. HOWEVER, CABINET MEETING HAD DECIDED, IN VIPA UNPRERICTABILITY 07 PRESENT GREEK GOVERNMENT, IT COULD Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECRET No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-203-7 No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-203-7 DEPARTMENT on STATE Department of State UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM STATES OF SECRET PAGE 02 ANKARA 04720 171014Z NOT TOTALLY DISREGARD, AND ACTING FORE MNISTER (ALSO DEFENSE MINISTER) ISIK HAD DIRECTED REPORT BE DRAWN TO ATTENTION OF USG IN HOPE us WITH ITS MUCH GREATER CAPABILITIES COULD TRACE IT DOWN - "PERHAPS TO SOVIET DISINFORMATION EFFORT - AND THUS SET TURK MINDS FULLY AT REST, 3. DCM SAID HE WOULD PASS ON REQUEST) HE TOO MOST SKEPTICAL OF REPORT, IT DID SOUND LIKE THE KIND OF "DISINFORMATION" PROGRAM USSR HAS ATTEMPTED IN PAST. 4. COMMENT: NEW DIRECTOR TURKISH INTELLIGENCE SERVICE HAD ON JUNE 15 25x1 less SPECIFIC INFORMATION ON SAME REPORT, INDICATING, HOWEVER, THAT ACCORDING TO HIS VERSION, US WAS SUPPOSED TO BE KNOWING PARTY TO GREEK AITACK AND SUBSEQUENT US INTERVENTION TO STOP FIGHTING. 5. ONLY GOT ACTION WE KNOW OF WHICH MIGHT BE CONNECTED WITH REPORT WAS ALERT JUNE 16 AT TAF MURTED BASEWHEN, ACCORDING DAD, PILOTS CALLED IN AND AIR DEFENSE MENNED. SOYSAL AT LEAST DID NOT MANIFEST UNDUE CONCERN AND, JUDGING FROM HIS DES- CRYPTION, NEITHER DID TURKISH CABINET. IN THIS TIME WHEN LITTLE THINGS CAN VERY QUICKLY BECOME BIG ONES BETWEEN GREEKS AND TURKS, HOWEVER, BELIEVE IT WOULD BE USEFUL IF WE ARE ABLE TO PICK UP ANYTHING ON BEIRUT REPORT FOR PASSAGE TO GOT. MACOMBER Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified SECDET No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-203-7 PRANTMENT OF No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-207-3 STATE Department of State UNITED and STATES OF AMERICA TELEGRAM DOS REVIEWED 12-Dec-2012: NO OBJECTION TO DECLASSIFICATION SECRET 2208 REFER TO CIA PAGE 01 THESSA 00268 3013242 46 CIA REVIEWED 18-Dec-2012: NO OBJECTION TO RELEASE AS SANITIZED ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 TSO-00 EURE-00 NEA-14 SS0-00 NSCE-00 USIE-00 INRE-00 CIAE-00 DODE-00 PM=07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS=20 ACDA-19 SAJ-01 IO-14 OPR-02 SY-04 A-01 EB-11 JRC-01 /152 W 085902 O 3010007 MAY 74 FM AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 1933 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY ANKARA IMMEDIATE USMISSION NATO IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY LONDON IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY NICOSIA IMMEDIATE AMCONSUL IZMIK IMMEDIATE AMCONSUL ISTANBUL IMMEDIATE S I F C R E T THESSALONIKI 0268 = 0. 11652: GUS 18902 PFOR, GR, TU SURJECT. NOR NORTHERN GREEK MILITARY REACTION TO GOT NAVAL TASK FORCE REF: (1) THESS 266 (NOTAL), (k, HENS 3221 1. 25x1 HIGH RANK ARMY OFFICER HERE THAT ANNOUNCEMENT RE TURKISH NAVAL MO NTS IN AEGEAN TO BE ISSUED BY GOG LATE TODAY. 25x1 GREEK ARMY ESTIMATE 13 THAT GOT TASK FORCE DISPATCHED AS "TEST OF GREEK REACTION". 25x1 GOT UNITS NOT NOW PROCEEDING DIRECTLY TO LESVOS, BUT MANEUMERING OUTSIDE OF AREA ANNOUNCED IN PRESS REPORTS. ALSO CONFIRMED THAT ALERT IN FORCE FOR MILITARY UNITS IN NORTHERN GREECE AND REPORTED THAT "IRONICALLY" C CORPS CMDR, LT. GEN. DAVOS, WHO SENIOR MILITARY OFFICER IN NORTHERN GREECE, Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 SECRET and has been determined to be declassified FORM No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-207-3 DS-1652 9.66 PRONTMENT OF No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-207-3 STATE Department of State OF STATES AMERICA UNITED TELEGRAM SECRET PAGE 02 THESSA 00268 3013242 CURRENTLY IN IZMIR ACCOMPANYING US NATO GENERAL. 2. HAF HAS DEPLOYED FIGHTER AIRCRAFT AND COMMENCED OPERATIONS AT MILITARY SIDE OF MIKRA AIRPORT HERE. CONGEN OFFICER THIS MORNING COUNTED FIVE F-5 "FREEDOM FIGHTER" AND TWELVE F-80 "SHOOTING STAR" AIRCRAFT AT FIELD ACCOMPANIED BY TWO C-47 TRANSPORTS AND NUMEROUS SERVICE VEHICLES INCLUDING CAMOUFLAGED TANKER TRUCKS AND GROUND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS VANS. ARRIVAL THESE CRAFT OVERNIGHT ACCOUNTS FOR MILITARY JET TRAFFIC REPORTED REF. 1. MORE MILITARY JET MC. EMENT HEARD OVERHEAD THIS MORNING. UNABLE DETERMINE WHETHER MORE MILITARY CRAFT THAN THOSE COUNTED ARE ELSEWHFRE ON MIKRA OR IN NEWLY-CONSTRUCTED QUONSET-TYPE CONCRETE SHELTERS ON FIELD. 3. LST "LESVOS" (REF. 1) OBSERVED LOADING H.A. TROOPS THIS MORNING. NUMBER UNDETERMINED BUT ESTIMATE IN EXCESS OF ONE HUNDRED SIGHTED ON UPPER DECK. CITY REMAINS QUIET, WITH NORMAL ACTIVITY, ALTHOUGH PERCEPTIBLY MORE MILITARY VEHICLES, PRINCIPALLY LIGHT AND HEAVY TRUCKS, JEEPS AND COMMAND CARS, NOTED MOVING ABOUT STREETS. 4. ACCORDING TO RELIABLE USIS SOURCE, ALL PRESS REPORTS ON CONFRONTATION EMBARGOED AND LOCAL PAPERS INSTRUCTED TO REFRAIN FROM ANY COVERAGE UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. 'AN Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has SECRET been determined to be declassified FORM No Objection To Declassification in Part 2013/04/24 NLN-NSC-1312-5-207-3 DS-1652 9.66 No Objection To Declassification 2009/06/30 NLN-NSC-1312-5-208-2 '1312/005/022] DEPARTM of STATES UNITED AMERICA Department of State TELEGRAM SECRET 2852 PAGE 01 ANKARA 04163 301908Z 47 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 I0-14 ACDA-19 EURE-00 NEA-14 S80-00 INRE-00 NSCE-00 USIE-00 CIAE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR=18 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SPOOS SAM-01 SAJ-01 DL0S-07 COA-02 DRC-01 /144 W 090037 o 3017227 MAY 73 PM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC NIACT IMMEDIATE 4343 AMEMBASSY ATHENS NIACT IMMEDIATE INFO USMISSION NATO IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY NICOSIA IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY NICOSIA IMMEDIATE SECDEF WASHDC IMMEDIATE AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI IMMEDIATE USMISSION UN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE CINCUSAFE IMMEDIATE USDOCOSOUTH IMMEDIATE RUSNAAA USCINCEUR IMMEDIATE USNMR SHAPE IMMEDIATE CINCUSAREUR IMMEDIATE DIA(DIA-5) WASHOC IMMEDIATE COMSIXTHFLT IMMEDIATE AMCONYRL ADANA IMEDIATE AMCONSUL ISTANBUL INTEDIEWE AMCONSUL IZMIR IMMEDIATE SECRET NOFORN ANKARA 4163 5.0.116521 GDS TAGS. PFOR TO GR SURJI GREEK/YURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE REFI ATHENS 3237 (NOTAL) State Dept. review completed Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library SECRET DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified ORM DS-1 No Objection To Declassification 2009/06/30 NLN-NSC-1312-5-208-2 No Objection To Declassification 2009/06/30 NLN-NSC-1312-5-208-2 STATE Department of State TELEGRAM STATE or SECRET PAGE 02 ANKARA 04163 301908Z 1. IN RESPONSE TO DIRECT QUESTION FROM CHARGE: "WHAT IS GOT UP TO IN AEGEAN?", ISMAIL SOYSAL, DIRECTOR GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS, MFA, EVENING OF MAY 30 CONFIRMED THAT TURKISH NAVAL UNITS WERE ACCOMPANYING OIL EXPLORATION SHIP INTO DISPUTED AREA OF AEGEAN. HE SAID SHIPS WOULD STAY NEAR EXPLORATIONSHIP "CANDARLI" TO MAKE SURE THAT NOTHING HAPPENED TO IT. HE EXPECTED "CANDARLI" TO BE IN AREA FOR ABOUT ONE NEEK AND SOME NAVAL UNITS WOULD PRESUMABLY REMAIN THAT LONG. OTHERS MIGHT PROCEED SOUTH SOONER TO PARTICIPATE IN GOOD FREINDSHIP* EXFRCISE. TURK GOVERNMENT HAD DECIDED "MAKE IT CLEAR" TO GREEKS THAT THEY WERE GOINT TO EXERT AN INTEREST IN THE DISPUTED AREA. NAVAL UNITS HAD INSTRUCTIONS TO BE NON-PROVOCATIVE AND 16 STAY CLEAR OF GREEK TERRITORIAL WATERS. THEY WERE ONLY DOING WHAT THE GREEKS HAD DONE IN THE PAST IN THE SAME AREA. 2, SPAIN EXPRESSED DISTRESS. SAID HE HAD HOPED FROM GARBLED NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS THAT AT WORST IT WAS ONLY "CNADARLI" IN AREA. IN THAT CASE, WHILE SITUATION WAS HARDLY CONDUCIVE TO EASING OF TENSIONS, MAJOR INCIDENT WAS RELATIVELY UNLIKELY. NOW HE FEARED DANGER WAS MUCH GREATER. HE KNEW WASHINGTON WAS CONCERNED ABOUT SITUATION AND EXPECTED HE WOULD BE IN TOUCH SOON WITH GOT ON MATTERS WHICH COULD NOT BUT BE OF GRAVEST CONCERN TO ALL NATO ALLIES. 3. SITUATION IN ANKARA AND OTHER 25X1 4. WE NOTE THAT MEASURES PROPOSED PARA 6, OF STATE 112889 NOW IN PART OVERTAKEN BY FACT THAT TURKISH VESSELS APPARENTLY ALRESOV YN AREA. 9. AS STEP TO UNDERLINE SERIOUSNESS WITH WHICH US VIEWS SITUATION, GEPARTMENT MAY WISH CONSIDER WITHDRAWENS PARTICIPATION IN IMMINENT BILATERAL US-TURKISH NATO EXERCISE "GOOD FRIENDSHIP." SPAIN Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library SECRET DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified FORM DS. No Objection To Declassification 2009/06/30 NLN-NSC-1312-5-208-2 [Z20/500/2181/75N] PARTMENT OF STATE * * Department of State OF STATE AMERICA TELEGRAM CONFIDENTIAL 2019 PAGE 01 ANKARA 04142 301121Z 10 ACTION EUR=25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 CIAE-00 DODE-00 NSAE-00 NSCE-00 SSO-00 USIE-00 INRE-00 NEA=14 IO-14 PM=07 H-03 INR-10 L=03 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS-20 AEC-11 AID=20 CEA=02 CIEP-02 COME-00 EB=11 FEA=02 FPC-01 INT-08 OMB-01 SAM-01 SCI-06 STR-08 TRSE-00 ACDA=19 DL0S-07 DRC-01 /213 W 084573 o 3010407 MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4330 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY LONDON IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY NICOSIA IMMEDIATE USMISSION NATO IMMEDIATE SECDEF WASHDC IMMEDIATE USCINCEUR IMMEDIATE CINCUSAFE IMMEDIATE CINCUSAREUR IMMEDIATE USDOCOSOUTH IMMEDIATE USNMR SHAPE IMMEDIATE CINCUSNAVEUR IMMEDIATE COMSIXTHELT IMMEDIATE D U A ANKARA 4142 E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PBOR, MOPS, TU, GR SUBJ: : GREEK-TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE REF: A , STATE 112889; B, ANKARA 4128(NOTAL) 1. CONTINUING CHECK OF DAO AND EMBASSY SOURCES HAS DECLASSIFIED Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and DeR PAC 6/30/09 has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL 28, By WITH NARA, Date 5/15/18 DOC 14487 [3 pgs] FORM DS-1652 PEPARTMENT OF 84 STATE АЯАИ Department of State 43250' UNITED TELEGRAM STATES OF CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 02 ANKARA 04142 301121Z PRODUCED NO INDICATION THAT ARMED NAVAL ESCORT IS BEING PROVIDED FOR TURKISH OCEANOGRAPHIC SHIP WHICH SAILED FOR: AEGEAN FROM ISTANBUL AREA MAY 29, CONTRARY TO PARA 1 REF A, GOT HAS NOT TO OUR KNOWLEDGE ANNOUNCED THAT VESSEL WOULD BE ESCORTED. 2. TURKISH GENERAL STAFF (TGS) LIAISON OFFICER TOLD ALUSNA MAY 30 THAT TURKISH ARMED FORCES ARE NOT ON ALERT. LIAISON OFFICER ADDED THAT TGS CONVINCED THAT GREEKS WILL NOT FIGHT OVER AEGEAN AT THIS TIME AS THEY HAVE AGREED TO TALK WITH GOT CONCERNING LOS ISSUE (COMMENT: TGS MAY HAVE UNDULY SANGUINE CONCEPT OF GREEK DIPLOMATIC POSITION). HE ALSO POINTED OUT THAT TGS CHIEF GEN SANCAR STILL PLANS TO LEAVE FOR WASHINGTON JUNE 3. HE DISMISSED PRESS REPORTS OF NAVAL ACTIVITIES AS MERE STORIES. 3. AP, UPI, AND THREE TURKISH PAPERS HAVE REPORTED IN LAST 24 HOURS THAT RESEARCH VESSEL WAS ESCORTED BY ARMED NAVAL CRAFT. COMMENT: SHOULD EMBASSY ATHENS BELIVE THAT THESE APPARENTLY INCORRECT NEWS ACCOUNTS LIKELY HAVE UNFORTUNATE EFFECT ON GREECE, WE SEE NO REASON WHY IT COULD NOT PROVIDE SUBSTANCE OF PARA 1 ABOVE TO GREEK MFA. 4. REPORTS OF GREEK ARMED FORCES' ALERT HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED HERE WITHOUT CAUSING STRONG REACTION IN GOT, FOREIGN MINISTER GUNES, WHEN ASKED FOR COMMENT BY NEWSMAN EVENING MAY 29, WAS QUOTED AS SYAING. "TURKEY HAS NO INTENTION OF ATTACKING TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF OTHER COUNTRIES AND NATURALLY OF GREECE... I HOPE THAT AN INTERFERENCE WITH TURKEY'S MOST NATURAL RIGHTS WILL NOT OCCUR. # (SEE FBIS KYRENAI M292021 -NOTAL). 5. COMMENT: IT IS PROBABLY TRUE THAT, AS MIDDLE-LEVEL MFA OFFICIAL TOLD US THIS MORNING, TURKEY DOES NOT WANT TO PROVOKE GREECE UNNECESSARILY IN PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING ITS CLAIMED RIGHT TO EXPLORE FOR OIL IN EAST-CENTRAL AEGEAN. WE DOUBT THAT TURKEY HAS ANY INTEREST IN CREATING INTERNATIONALCRISIS OVER ISSUE, BECAUSE CRISIS COULD WELL BE USED BY GREECE TO PERSUADE OUTSIDE POWERS TO SEEK TO STOP TURKEY'S ASSERTION OF RIGHTS Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library CONFIDENTIAL DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 25 and has been determined to be declassified FORM DS-1652 PRPARTMENT DEP OF STATE UNITED * () * Department of State TELEGRAM STATES OF CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 03 ANKARA 04142 301121Z IN AEGEAN, SPAIN Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has 5 55 been determined to be declassified FORM DS-1652 ACTION DEPARTMENT OF STATE [NSC/1312/005/020] AIRGRAM CHEROFILMED ^1 FOR RM USE ONLY COPY NO. SERIES B UR A-135 SECRET/EXDIS XXXXXXX NO. HANDLING INDICATOR INH CLIFT TO Department of State COOPER IO ELLIOTT E.O. 11652: GDS FROEBE All TAGS: PINT, GR HORAN KENNEDY D/B LEHMAN 3 LODAL COM FRII AmEmbassy ATHENS LOW FROM DATE: May 22, 1974 OBER AH PAR SUBJECT Embassy Comments on Interagency Memorandum SAUNDERS AIR REF Interagency Memorandum STREECE Under Ioannidis: Implications for US-Greeelations", STEARMAN Apr. 18, 1974 NAVY I ISIA NSA Although the Embassy considers the interagency memorandum, Greece Under Ioannidis, 18 April 1974, a rather interesting analysis, its analysis is incomplete and tends to convey some 10 E Wo 28 AVTI 761 questionable implications for U.S. policy. In particular, the judgment that the situation, while not actually good from U.S. standpoint, could be worse, and that probably any U.S. effort to influence it would make matters worse, is not adequately supported. In our view, the memorandum overstates the solidity of Ioannidis' position. We do not dispute the memorandum's assertions about Ioannidis' strength within the Armed Forces and Government, nor the fact that he has cowed the students, the press and the old political world while professing complete disdain for foreign criticism. Nevertheless, intrigue against him continues within the Armed Forces and among 1967 coup members. Also, there is evidence of in- creasing concern among the silent majority of military officers at the continued politicization of the Armed Forces. The DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 PeR RAC 4/23/13 By MIHR NARA, Date 5/15/18 DOC. 13 Pgs] business community is becoming alienated; unemployment among the politically sensitive construction workers can create new sources of tension; and the Greek people are turning from apathy to antipathy toward political repression in the absence of any hope of a return to democratic government. The regime has yet to define its policy direction in any area of normal government activity. Its two key tenets-- FOR DEPT. USE ONLY F DS-323 4 62 WB SECRET/EXDIS ORM In Out RMBrandin/POL:EABrown/AMB:ILJTasca:hme by: MIN: RMBrandin Contents and Classification Approved by: Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library Pub DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified Page 2 A-135 SECRET/EXDIS From ATHENS anti-communism and nationalism in the 19th century sense--do not compensate for its lack of a specific program. In these circum- stances the threshold of public tolerance for continued military dictatorship is getting lower. This weakens Ioannidis' position. Although the memorandum suggests that the situation could be worse from the U.S. viewpoint, it does not acknowledge that over the last six months there has been some deterioration. Ioannidis considers Turkey the main enemy of Greece and seems to be seeking a confrontation with Turkey on the Aegean issue and probably in Cyprus as well. He has sought to reduce the rights and privileges U.S. forces have enjoyed in Greece, is demanding a quid quo pro in military aid, and is turning to France for military equipment. His appeasement and courtship of Arab states could prejudice U.S. use of Greek facilities in any future Mideast crises. yet, the memorandum overlooks the possible impact on the present regime's tenure if its unilateral initiatives affecting its ties with the U.S. become known. It is at least question- able whether Ioannidis has the latitude for movement that the analysis suggests, or that such policies might not significantly change Greek popular feeling toward the regime. Senior military officers have repeatedly stressed the importance they attach to Greece's bilateral security arrangements with the United States. The memorandum fails to take into account that the U.S. attitude is a major factor in the Greek political situation and can have an influence on the course of future events. The Embassy believes that it is vitally important to Greece's future that we avoid giving the impression we do not support human freedom and some sort of representative government in Greece. Irritating Ioannidis, which he can take, is small insurance to pay to avoid the future possibility of complete loss of our Tways facilities. The Greeks have shown historically that they do not/coolly calculate their national interests. Whenever a democratic regime is restored, they may well feel that they must show their independence from the U.S. so as to accommodate the widespread belief that we, and NATO, supported dictatorship and repression in Greece. Such action would inevitably be against our vital security interests. It is not a question of overt intervention. However, we not only need to convey our immediate concern about a Greek-Turkish con- frontation and a restructuring of U.S.-Greek security relations, but also, to safeguard our longer range interests, we must continue SECRET/EXDIS Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified Page 3 A-135 SECRET/EXDIS From ATHENS to emphasize our deep concern about the lack of any program to return Greece to some form of representative government. For example, the memorandum dismisses the possibility of the return of Karamanlis under. any conditions except with a completely free hand. It seems to imply respectable and normal political forces cannot figure in Greece's near-term political future. Although it seems clear that the present regime will not move aside for a civilian government which disposes of complete authority, in our view forces do exist in Greece that would participate in a democratically based government structure giving the Armed Forces the role of background arbiter and guardian against the reintro- duction of undisciplined radical elements. We should not lose sight of the objectives of the neutralists and communists to come to power, or right-wing extremists, if the political situation were suddenly to disintegrate. Furthermore, the absence of any con- crete movement by the regime may well galvanize the officer corps, particularly the younger officers, into action. There are already signs of deterioration in the economic situa- tion brought about by failure of the regime to maintain con- fidence of business community and prospective foreign investors. Over time economic problems could easily reach proportions com- pelling a change in the present political structure. There is nothing in Greek history to warrant the hypothesis of stability in the present Greek situation which has been charac- terized by seven years of dictatorship, continued maintenance of martial law, widespread intimidation, and repressive policies towards the press, students, responsible opposition, and even business and needed foreign investors. Classified by Elizabeth Ann Brown Subject to GDS of E.O. 11652. Declassified on December 31, 1980. Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [ NSC/1312/005/027] 5/22/74 David See memo attached-Kennedy to Scowcraft Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified MEMORANDUM NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL for May 22, 1974 16- due MEMORANDUM FOR: RICHARD T. KENNEDY FROM: DAVID M. RANSON class Dne 14June so HANK APPLEBAUMHA Hank and I agree that a contingency study of the possible confrontation between Greece and Turkey over Aegean oil rights is needed Although we think the focus should be limited to the mounting dispute over oil rights in the Aegean, the study should prescribe optional responses which reflect a very broad review of our interests in both Greece and Turkey, our relations with both, and our influence in both In other words, in outlining any role which we might adopt (both before and after a confrontation between the two states) the study should reflect our options concerning aid issues, base rights questions, Congres- sional, European/NATO dimensions, relations with the Soviets, etc. We think the purpose of the study should be to avert or contain this explosive dispute between two allies. If you call Brandon, you might draw on the above Kynn agree Quill causethin intite the study through the Cartingency Plaiming Working group agree - Abrogree - Grk. Thik clash nul no DECLASSIFIED dealn? E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Se PeR RAC 4/24/2013 By MCH/RS NARA, Date 5/15/18 NAID 98/C/550 ridd 50 arms not 5> 48m key fun specing 1999) a. shop put form Copy DOC 14493 13 pgs] Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified 4 2074 MEMORANDUM NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL SECRET - GDS ACTION May 22, 1974 MEMORANDUM FOR: BRENT SCOWCROFT FROM: RICHARD T. KENNEDY Ma SUBJECT: Greece Contingency Planning Hank Applebaum and I believe that a contingency study of the possible confrontation between Greece and Turkey over Aegean oil rights is needed. Although we think the focus should be limited to the mounting dispute over oil rights in the Aegean, the study should prescribe optional responses which reflect a very broad review of our interests in both Greece and Turkey, our relations with both, and our influence in both. In other words, in outlining any role which we might adopt (both before and after a confrontation between the two states), the study should reflect our options concerning aid issues, base rights questions, Congressional, European/NATO dimensions, relations with the Soviets, etc. We think the purpose of the study should be to avert or contain this explosive dispute between two allies. If you agree, I will initiate the study through the Contingency Planning Working Group. AGREE DISAGREE SECRET GDS Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [ NSC/1312/005/030] PRPARTMENT OF STATE * Department of State UNITED STATES OF ? TELEGRAM CONFIDENTIAL 7725 RAGE 01 LONDON 06007 151108Z 13 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 IO-14 CIAE-00 DODE-00 PM=07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS-20 USIA-15 OMB-01 DRC-01 TRSE-00 SAJ-01 ACDA-19 SS0-00 /136 W 025363 P 151104Z MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY LONDON TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0355 Polls Dr. USMISSION NATO BRUSSELS PRIORITY AMEMBASSY ATHENS priudiced Balar 1333 MOIO be RTK AMEMBASSY ANKARA USDOCOSOUTH IL a USCINCEUR CINCUSNAVEUR against lead grod CINCUSAFE DEPARTMENT PLEASE PASS SECRETARY'S PARTY Junta follow will the up, Quesheir be and newed within how us do NATO Amous idea we 6 C A t LONDON 06007 even as let though E.O. 11652: XGDS-1 TAGS: PFOR, GR, TU, NATO SUBJECT: GREEK-TURKISH DISPUTE OVER AEGEAN REF: USNATO 2640 BRITISH ARE CONSIDERING A SECOND APPROACH TO SYG LUNS RE GREEK-TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE. THEY ARE ACTING ON BASIS OF BELIEF THAT USMISSION NATO HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO MAKE U.S. APPROACH TO LUNS. THEY MAY DECIDE BY END OF DAY. SOHM NOTE BY OC/T: NOT PASSED SECRETARY'S PARTY. DECLASSIFIED Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 DECLASSIFIED peR RAC 4/24/13 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified CONFIDENTIAL By MIHRS NARA, Date 5/15/18 23 DOC 14495 16 pgs] FORM DS-1652 9.66 DEPARTMENT STATE * * UNITED STATES OF O Department of State TELEGRAM SECRET 7388 PAGE 01 STATE 100613 13 ORIGIN EUR=25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 CIAE-00 DODE-00 PM=07 H=03 INR=10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC=07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP=03 SS=20 USIA-15 /100 R DRAFTED BY EUR/SE: G.T, CHURCHILL:MP APPROVED BY EUR W. STABLER 023022 R 150134Z MAY 74 FM SECSTATE WASHDC TO AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY ANKARA INFO USMISSION NATO SECRET STATE 100613 E.O. 116528 GDS TAGS: PFOR, NATO, GR SUBJECT: U.S. POLICY TOWARDS GREECE REF 8 A) US NATO 21751 B) ATHENS 25921 C) US NATO 25941 D) STATE 097455 1. REGARDING OVER-ALL U.S. POLICY TOWARDS GREECE, WE ARE STUDYING RECOMMENDATIONS IN REFS A AND B. 2. ON SPECIFIC ISSUE OF GREEK=TURKISH DISPUTE IN AEGEAN, REF D PROVIDED OUR VIEWS AND REQUESTED US NATO ADVICE ON ROLE LUNS MIGHT PLAY. 3. US NATO'S REF C APPEARS TO HAVE CROSSED WITH REF D. PLEASE COMMENT. RUSH SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM DS-1652 L This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been 9.66 determined to be declassified DEPARTMENT OF STATE * * UNITED and STATES OF I Department of State TELEGRAM UNCLASSIFIED 7755 PAGE 01 ANKARA 03727 151121Z 11 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 COA-02 CIAE-00 DODE-00 INR-10 NSAE-00 PA-04 RSC-01 USIA-15 PRS-01 SP-03 SS=20 NSC-07 SAJ-01 DRC-01 /091 W 025504 P R 1510447 MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 4110 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY NICOSIA SECDEF WASHDC USMISSION NATO USMISSION USUN EUCOM CINCUSAFE USDOCOSOUTH USCINCEUR/EC J-2 CINCUSAREUR Rx USNMR SHAPE CINCUSNAVEUR AMCONSUL ADANA AMCONSUL ISTANBUL AMCONSUL IZMIR AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI UNCLAS ANKARA 3727 EUCOM FOR POLAD AND J=2 EO 11652 N/A TAGS: PFOR, PBOR, LOS, GR, TU SUBJECT: TURKISH-GREEK DISPUTE OVER AEGEAN FISHING BOAT INCIDENT 1. ACCORDING TO THE SEMI-OFFICTAL ANATOLIAN NEWS AGENCY, A GREEK COAST GUARD VESSEL FIRED UPON A TURKISH FISHING BOAT IN THE AEGEAN ON MAY 14. THE TURKISH VESSEL, THE ETECKYW UNCLASSIFIED Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library 23 DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been FORM DS-1652 determined to be declassified STARTMENT OF STATE Department of State UNITED ? TELEGRAM THE THE STATES OF UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 ANKARA 03727 151121Z "ANADOLU HISARI", WAS REPORTEDLY WORKING NINE MILES OFF THE GREEK ISLAND OF SAMOTHRACE NEAR THE BAY OF SAROZ AT THE TIME OF THE INCIDENT. (ACCORDING TO INFORMATION AVAILABLE HERE, GREECE CLAIMS A SIX-MILE FISHING LIMIT.) 2. COMMENT: WE ARE CHECKING THIS REPORT WITH THE FOREIGN MINISTRY AND WILL PROVIDE DETAILS BY SEPTEL. MACOMBER ПРИНК ЕНУБЕ СТИОПРУКЕЛЬ 9-5 500 IM&O ВИЛИТА 29 VELION ENM-52 81 TQTISIS писгузетьтео LETECKVW UNCLASSIFIED Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED 23 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been FORM DS-1652 determined to be declassified DEPARTMENT OF STATE * * Department of State of ANITA AMERICA TELEGRAM SECRET 7248 PAGE 01 ANKARA 03701 150745Z 21 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 CIAE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS-20 USIA-15 OMB-01 NEA-14 FEA-02 INT-08 SCI-06 COME-00 TRSE-00 EB-11 DLDS-07 I0-14 COA-02 SAJ-01 SAM-01 NIC-01 ACDA-19 DRC-01 /188 W 023612 P R 141341Z MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 4095 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY NICUSIA SECDEF WASHDC USMISSION NATO USMISSION USUN EUCOM CINCUSAFE USDOCOSOUTH USCINCEUR/ECJ-2 CINCUSAREUR USNMR SHAPE CINCUSNAVEUR AMCONSUL ADANA AMCONSUL ISTANBUL AMCONSUL IZMIR AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI SECRE ANKARA 3701 EUCOM FOR POLAD AND J-2 EO 11652 GDS TAGS: PFOR, PBOR, TU, GR SUBJECT: TURKISH-GREEK DISPUTE OVER AEGEAN LETECKVW Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library SECRET DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified STARTMENT OF STATE * UNITED the Department of State TELEGRAM OF SECRET PAGE 02 ANKARA 03701 150745Z REF: STATE 097455 (NOTAL) 1. WE CONCUR WITH REFTEL'S ANALYSIS OF LIKELIHOOD THAT PRESENT COURSES OF GREECE AND TURKEY MAY LEAD TO MILITARY CONFRONTATION. IN RECENT CONTACTS, WE HAVE BEEN IMPRESSED BY COMBATIVENESS AND TRUCULENCE DISPLAYED BY SENIOR GOT OFFICIALS REGARDING PROBLEMS WITH GREECE. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT KEY TURKISH OFFICIALS BELIEVE, AS SOME GREEKS REPORTEDLY DO, THAT ARMED CLASH WORTH RISKING BECAUSE U.S. AND OTHER NATO ALLIES WOULD DIPLOMATICALLY INTERVENE EFFECTIVELY AND QUICKLY. 2. ASSUMING NO CONFRONTATION RESULTS FROM PLANNED TURKISH FIRING EXERCISE IN AEGEAN JUNE 2 CANKARA 3662), U.S. AND OTHER NATO PARTNERS SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR POSSIBLE CRISIS IN LATE JUNE-EARLY JULY WHEN MGMS. VESSEL UNDER CONTRACT TO TURKEY EXPECTED TO BEGIN OIL EXPLORATION ÇANKARA 3550), SINCE, This AS REFTEL NOTES, GREEK NAVY REPORTEDLY HAS BEEN ORDERED TO STOP SUCH EXPLORATION. WE BELIEVE DEPARTMENT SHOULD WARN ALL lines TMS. CONTRACTORS, AND SPECIFICALLY GEOPHYSICAL E SERVICES INC., OF RISK OF OPERATING UNDER CONTRACT TO EITHER with up GOG OR GOT IN AREAS UNDER DISPUTE - AT LEAST FOR so LONG AS Greek DISPUTE REMAINS IN PRESENT HEATED FORM. POINT SHOULD ALSO BE MADE THAT POTENTIAL DANGER REACHES BEYOND MERE SAFETY OF SHIPS TO POSSIBILITY OF PROVOKING INCIDENT WHICH COULD INVOLVE HOSTILITIES BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES. TURKS WILL RESENT OUR WARNING THIS COMPANY, BUT WE WILL BE IN POSITION TO REPLY THAT THIS IS EVENHANDED TREATMENT APPLIED TO BOTH GREECE AND TURKEY. 4, RE PARA 4 REFTEL: FOR SOME TIME EMBASSY HAS USED EVERY OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW INTEREST AND CONCERN REGARDING NEED FOR PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT, AND AMBASSADOR ON MAY 11 HAMMERED POINT HOME WITH MFA SECGEN CANKARA 3682 - NOTAL). CHARGE WILL FOLLOW UP DURING AMBASSADORIS ABSENCE. MACOMBER Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library SECRET DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified 39 5054 Mis Cynthia Ancan Mrs. Q 20518 Dishrib sawyer Nov 25 - coup alternatives prosented. Supposied weighing in, Sec rejuted That [NSC/1312/005/030] s/p for series of analytic shedies Tasca sat m on meeting up Sec discussion inconclusive. "disaster" Sec what do you want me is decide Asked INR for another per Bernie Rottlein WR Tom Thoraten : S/B JSSM 116 - 1971 SRG never on San Clemente. No NSDM Summer 1973 asked for another NSSM State Dept policy paper knew done Tasca i demarche on Souda broad demarche on Aegean issue (Rush) Rush refused to bl Tasca lak G Gins about our military lass effectiveness because DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 By MIHRS NARA, Date 5/15/18 per RAC 4/24/13 of politicization Doc. 14496 [1 Pg] Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/032] AMOUNTMENT or STATE Department of State of STATES SAME AMERICA TELEGRAM SECRET 2061 PAGE 01 NATO 02717 162049Z 64 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 I0-14 ISO-00 CIAE-00 PM-07 INR-10 L=03 NSAE-00 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 USIA-15 TRSE-00 SAJ-01 NEA=14 SS-20 NSC=07 ACDA-19 EB-11 DRC=01 /157 W 048490 P R 161845Z MAY 74 FM USMISSION NATO TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5746 SECDEF WASHDC PRIORITY INFO AMEMBASSY ANKARA AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY LONDON USMISSION USUN NEW YORK USDOCOSOUTH US CINCEUR CINCUSNAVEUR CINCUSAFE US NMR SHAPE SECRET USNATO 2717 E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, GR, TU, NATO SUBJECT: GREEK-TURKISH DISPUTE OVER AEGEAN REF: STATE 101599 (NOTAL) 1. PER INSTRUCTIONS RUMSFELD CALLED ON SYG LUNS AND OBSERVED THAT ON THE ONE HAND WE NOTE REPORTS OF INCREASINGLY STRONG POSITIONS BEING DISPLAYED BY SENIOR TURKISH OFFICIALS REGARDING PROBLEMS WITH GREECE. ON THE OTHER HAND IN OUR CONVERSATIONS WITH GREEK OFFICIALSIT SEEMS CLEAR THAT GREECE IS HOLDING TO THE VIEWTHAT THE GREEK LEGAL POSITION ON THE VARIOUS AEGEAN ISSUES IS IMPREGNABLE AND THEREFORE, THERE IS NOTHING TO DISCUSS WITH THE TURKS. 2. RUMSFELD SAID THESE STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL POSITIONS EXAMINED IN THE LIGHT OF THE FOLLOWING RECENT INTELLIGENCE REPORTS COMBINE TO DEEPEN OUR CONCERN ABOUT THE AEGEAN SITUATION: E.O. DECLASSIFIED 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library peR RAC 4/24/13 DECLASSIFIED SECRET This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has By MIH NARA, Date 5/15/18 been determined to be declassified L DOC. 14498 T2 pgs] FORM DS.1652 TRANTMENT OF STATE MVWV 03 VINIA Department of State AMOUNT LNE VE TELEGRAM STATES or НЕСКИД SECRET 30 PAGE 02 NATO 02717 162049Z A) SENIOR GREEK ARMY OFFICERS ARE APPARENTLY MAKINGCONTINGENCY PLANS FOR POSSIBLE USE OF MILITARY FORCE, ?) TURKEY HAS SCHEDULED A NAVAL AND AIR FIRING EXERCISE IN ONE OF THE DISPUTED AREAS OF The AEGEAN, C) OIL EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES BY FIRMS UNDER CONTRACT TO TURKEY MAY SOON BEGIN, AND THE GREEK NAVY COULD USE FORCE TO STOP SUCHEXPLORATION, 3. FOR THESE REASONS RUMSFELD SAID HE WAS INSTRUCTED TO ASK THE SYG TO SPEAK PRIVATELY WITH AMBASSAODRS ERALP (TURKEY) AND CHORAFAS (GREECE) ABOUT WHAT APPEARS TO BE A COLLISION COURSE BETWEEN THE POLICIES OF THE TWO COUNTRIES, AND TO EMPHASIZE TO THEM THE NECESSITY THAT ACTION BE TAKEN BY BOTH COUNTRIES TOWARD RESOLUTION OF THEIR MUTUAL PROBLEMS BY peacefulmeans. 4 B LUNS REPLIED HE HAD SPOKEN TO THE TWO AMBASSADORS ABOUT TWO WEEKS AGO URGING THAT BOTH COUNTRIES REFRAIN FROM STATEMENTS OR ACTIONS WHICH COULD EXACERBATE THE PRESENT SITUATION, AND THAT THEY ACTIVELY SEEK A COMPROMISE OF OUTSTANDING ISSUES. 5, TO RUMSFELD'S INQUIRY ABOUT RESPONSE FROM THE TWO GOVERNMENTS, LUNS SAID THUS FAR ONLY CHORAFAS HAS REACTED TELLING LUNS THAT THE TWO COUNTRIES WERE IN SUBSTANTIVE CONTACT. CHORAFAS SAID THE GREEK POLITICAL DIRECTOR HAD RECENTLY MADE CONTACT WITH THE TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTER IN NEW YORK, AND THE TURKISH DIRECTOR GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS WILL SOON GO TO ATHENS TO DISCUSS OUTSTANDING ISSUES. 6, LUNS AGREED WITH RUMSFELD THAT THIS MATTER SHOULD BE FOLLOWED UP AND HE WILL DO SO BEFORE HE DEPARTS FOR THE U.S.ON MAY 17. LUNS SAID HE WILL USE THE U.S. DEMARCHE AS REASON TO REMIND THE GREEK AND TURKISH PERMREPS THAT HE REQUESTS FURTHER REACTION FROM THEIR GOVERNMENTS. RUMSFELD SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library FORM DECLASSIFIED DS.1652 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified NSC/1312/005/033] DEPARTMENT 3 OF STATE * Department of State STATES UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM OF 8514 PAGE 01 ANKARA 03852 200638Z 20 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 IO-14 CIAE-00 DODE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP=03 SS-20 USIA-15 DL0S-07 COA-02 CG-00 DOTE-00 CEQ-02 COME-00 EB-11 EPA-04 NSF-04 SCI-06 FEA-02 AGR=20 FMC-04 INT-08 JUSE-00 OMB-01 DRC-01 NEA-14 /200 W 086242 R 1715432 MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC 4185 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY NICOSIA USMISSION NATO USDOCOSOUTH /USCINCEUR CINCUSNAVEUR DECLASSIFIED CINCUSAFE E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 DeR RAC 4/24/13 SECRET ANKARA 3852 By MIH/RS NARA, Date 5/15/18 Doc. 14499 [3 pgs] EO 11652 GDS TAGS: PFOR, GR, TU, NATO SUBJECT: GREEK-TURKISH DISPUTE OVER AEGEAN REF: STATE 097455 SUMMARY: TURKS ARE TAKING POSTURE OF COOL TOUGHNESS ON AEGEAN ISSUE. BELIEVE US AND NATO EFFORTS AT MOMENT CAN BEST BE CONCENTRATED ON IMPOVING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARTIES AND SEEKING WAY AVOID POSSIBLE NAVAL EXERCISE CONFRONTATION IN AEGEAN JUNE 2. END SUMMARY 1. IN MAY 17 CONVERSATION WITH ISMAIL SOYSAL, DIRECTOR GENERAL POLITICAL AFFAIRS, MFA, CHARGE EMPHASIZED US ATTACHES HIGHEST SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified FRANTMENT OF STATE Department of State ANITA MAKE ? TELEGRAM STATES OF SECRET PAGE 02 ANKARA 03852 200638Z IMPORTANCE TO GREEK-TURKISH FRIENDSHIP AND EXPRESSED STRONG HOPE EACH SIDE WILL WORK RESOLVE AEGEAN DISPUTE PEACEFULLY AND DO EVERYTHING POSSIBLE AVOID HEIGHTENING PUBLIC EMOTIONS THIS ISSUE. HE RESONDED TO SOYSAL'S EARLIER REMARK IN CONVERSATION ABOUT IMPORTANCE TURKEY ATTACHES TO NATO (SEPTEL) AND EMPHASIZED US TOO PUTS GREATEST IMPORTANCE ON ALLIANCE AND COOPERATION AMONG ITS MEMBERS. HENCE, ITS CONCERN OVER AEGEAN DISPUTE. 2. SOYSAL REPLIED THAT GREEKS MAKE IT HARD TO COOPERATE. PRESIDENT KORUTURK IN HIS RECENT IZMIR SPEECH AVOIDED PROVOCATIVE REMARKS DESPITE THE VERY NATURE OF THE OCCASION (TRADITIONAL TURKISH COMMEMORATION OF THE FIRING OF THE FIRST BULLET BY TURKS IN 1922 INDEPENDENCE WAR), BUT GREEK PRESS HAD REPLIED WITH BARRAGE OF INSULTS. CHE QUOTED FROM ELENIKOS VORRAS AND ESTIA.) AND GREEK PRESS IS CLOSELY CONTROLLED THESE DAYS. NEVERTHELESS, THE GOT WOULD CONTINUE TO PLAY IT COOL. HE WELCOMED US VIEW PARA 1 ABOVE AND HOPED WE WERE SAYING SAME THING TO ATHENS. 3. IN GENERAL DISCUSSION OF AEGEAN SITUATION WHICH FOLLOWED, SOMSAL SAID THAT HE HAD PLANNED GO TO ATHENS MAY 12 FOR DISCUSSIONS WITH OPPOSITE NUMBER THERE UNDER LONG-STANDING "GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT" FOR PERIODIC MEETINGS TWO FOREIGN MINISTRIES! POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DIRECTORS (SEE USNATO 2712, PARA 5), BUT HIS MINISTER HAD DIRECTED HIM TO WAIT UNTIL NEXT MONTH "IN HOP CLIMATE FOR DISCUSSIONS WOULD IMPROVE". IN ANY EVENT, TWO FOREIGN MINISTERS WOULD HAVE CHANCE DISCUSS AEGEANAT NATO MINISTERIAL. 4, IN RESPONSE CHARGEIS EXPRESSION OF CONCERN OVER POSSIBLE HEIGHTENED TENSIONS JUNE 2 WHEN TURKS PLANNING REPEAT OF LAST MARCH FIRING EXERCISE IN AEGEAN EN ROUTE TO NATO "GOOD FRIENDSHIP", SOYSAL SAID HE WOULD REVIEW EXERCISE PLANS CAREFULLY. HE ADDED SOMEWHAT GRUMPILY THAT, AS HE RECALLED, NATO FORCES INCLUDING US, HAD WITHDRAWN FROM EARLIER EXERCISE AND THAT GOT RESENTED THEIR DOING SO. 5. CHARGE REPLIED THAT, HAVING ACCEPTED LEGITIMACY OF US AND SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified PREASTMENT OF STATE * UNITED MAKE 4) Department of State TELEGRAM STATES OF SECRET PAGE 03 ANKARA 03852 2006382 NATO INTEREST IN PRESERVING FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN ALLIES GREECE AND TURKEY, HE DIDN'T SEE HOW SOYSAL COULD BLAME NATO COUNTRIES FOR NOT WANTING TO BE INVOLVED IN ANYTHING WHICH COULD ADD TO TENSIONS, SOYSAL'S ONLY REPLY WAS "LET'S HOPE IT CAN BE WORKED OUT. (IN LATER DISCUSSION WITH ERCUMENT YAVUZALP. DIRECTOR GENERAL INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS, MFA, ON SAME SUBJECT, YAVUZALP SAID "PLEASE TRY TO GET OR GET NATO TO GET THE GREEKS TO ISSUE THE NOTAM. BUT, PLEASE, NO PRESSURE ON us. OUR MILITARY WON'T TAKE IT.") 6. POSTURE OF TOUGH COOLNESS ON AEGEAN ISSUE SEEMS TO BE ONE IN WHICH TURKS CURRENTLY WISH CAST THEMSELVES. THIS REFLECTED ALSO IN MAY 16 CONVERSATION WITH MFA CYPRUS-GREECE DIRECTOR BARUTCU IN WHICH EMBOFF POINTED OUT THAT us WAS STRONGLY INTERESTED IN CONTINUATION OF TURKISH-GREEK FRIENDSHIP AND ASKED WHAT PROSPECTS THERE WERE FOR TURKISH-GREEK BILATERAL DISCUSSIONS. BARUTCU REPLIED THAT NATO MINISTERIAL AT OTTAWA WOULD PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY FOR HIGH-LEVEL CONTACTS, ADDING WITH WRY CHUCKLE, "THAT MAY BE OUR LAST TALK." ASKED FOR EXPLANATION, HE SAID THAT TURKISH OIL EXPLORATION WOULD BEGIN SHORTLY AFTER OTTAWA MEETING. HE SHOWED NO INTEREST WHEN ASKED ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF BILATERAL CONTACTS DURING NATO LOS MEETING OR DURING CARACAS LOS CONFERENCE. 7. COMMENT: AS SEEN FROM HERE TURKISH-GREEK DISPUTE OVER AEGEAN REMAINS HOT BUT NOT YET QUITE AT BOILING POINT. BUT GOVERNMENTS STILL IN CONTROL OF THEIR ACTIONS, BUT DIPLOMATIC COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THEM SEEMS TO BE VIRTUALLY NIL. BELIEVE IMPROVEMENT THIS COMMUNICATION SHOULD BE PRIMARY FOCUS OF US AND NATO EFFORTS NOW WITH SPECIFIC ATTENTION ALSO BEING GIVEN TO HELPING ATHENS AND ANKARA FIND A WAY OUT OF A POSSIBLE JUNE 2 CONFRONTATION IN THE AEGEAN, SPAIN SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/034] PRANTMENT OF STATE Department of State of UNITED have AMERICA TELEGRAM CONFIDENTIAL 9376 PAGE 01 ATHENS 03223 291654Z 53 ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 EURE-00 PM-07 NSC-07 SP-03 SS=20 RSC-01 CIAE-00 DODE-00 INR-10 NSAE-00 PA-04 USIA-15 PRS-01 L-03 TRSE-00 SAJ-01 DRC-01 /099 W 074022 P R 2916157 MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ATHENS TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 3543 INFO AMEMBASSY ANKARA AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI C D N E 2 1 ATHENS 3223 EO 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, PINS, GR, TU SUBJECT: GREEK- TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE: VIEW FROM NORTHERN GREECE 1. GENERAL RYDER, CHJUSMAGG, MADE FAREWELL VISITS MAY 20-22 TO COMMANDERS OF C CORPS, 10TH DIVISION, 11TH DIVISION, 12TH DIVISION, 6TH DIVISION, 2ND DIVISION AND 21ST BRIGADE. 2. HE DID NOT OBSERVE ANY UNUSUAL ACTIVITY OR INCREASED READINESS DUE TO GREEK-TURKISH SITUATION. AT SAME TIME COMMANDERS OF 11TH AND 12TH DIVISIONS, NEAREST TO TURKISH FRONTIER, FREELY DISCUSSED AEGEAN PROBLEM, TAKING POSITION THAT ALTHOUGH TURKEY WAS NATO ALLY AND IT WOULD BE FOOLISH FOR EITHER SIDE TO RESORT TO HOSTILE ACTION THAT WOULD WEAKEN ALLIANCE, THIS DID NOT MEAN THAT GREECE SHOULD NOT DEFEND WHAT WAS RIGHT OR WHAT WAS GREEK. 3. RYDER REPORTED HE HAD NO DOUBT THAT ALL GREEK MILITARY PERSONNEL IN FIELD BELIEVED CONFLICT SHOULD BE AVOIDED BUT WERE WILLING TO FACE SHOWDOWN IF IT BECAME NECESSARY. DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 DeR PAC 4/24/13 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library By MIHRS NARA, Date 5/15/18 DECLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been Doc. 14502 [2pgs] determined to be declassified FORM DS-1652 OF STATE WVBV 3 Department of State ИЕС UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM VAWIDED STATES BOU MEBE HIFFING 10 It Id BECOME OF WIFILVBA ЬЕКВОИИЕГ In ВНОЛГО BEL 3 BADER BESOKLED HE NVD ИО DONRY vrr cheace ИОД CONFIDENTIAL OK MVS THVL PAGE 02 ATHENS 03223 291654Z HOBLITE VCTION 4. IN EMBASSY'S JUDGMENT RISK CONTINUES TO EXIST OF MISCALCULATION BY EITHER SIDE AND CONSEQUENT PRECIPATE REACTION THAT COULD LEAD TO MILITARY CLASH. ON GREEK SIDE PROBLEM COMPOUNDED BY WELL-KNOWN GREEK PHILOTIMO AS EVIDENCED BY STATEMENTS SUCH AS THAT OF KARAKOSTAS MAY 28 EMPHASIZING GREECE'S "RESOLVE NOT TO ACCEPT, BY ANY MEANS, ANY VIOLATION OF ITS SOVEREIGN RIGHTS BOTH IN THE MAINLAND AND THE ISLANDS. " THUS REPORT IN ELEFTHEROS COSMOS MAY 29 ON KARAKOSTAS! MEETING WITH PRESS APPEARS UNDER HEADLINE: "NO ONE WILL SET FOOT ON GREEK TERRITORY." TASCA VECEVN AIEM in EO Tie25: eng УНСОИВОГ THERRYTOMIKI АНАЖИА уевавизма ОЧИТ 40 SECURITY MYSHDC ABTOMILA 2043 bW VHEW@V28A УДНЕЙВ b B 5810125 WVA 19 019353 r=93 8V7-91 050-01 1000 M CIVE-SO 000E*00 INEO OCA-07 190-80 ENVE-00 bwens исс-оз VCLION ENK-52 83 DVUE DI УДНЕИВ Q2552 0210 of Stafe LETECKVW CONFIDENTIAL Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM DS-1652 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified No Objection to Declassification in Part 2011/12/13 NLN-NSC-1312-5-222-6 1036] DEFAR: * * Department of State of STATES GRING AMERICA TELEGRAM CONFIDENTIAL 0311 PAGE 01 ANKARA 04128 292357Z 71 NSA review completed ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 SSO-00 NSCE-00 USIE-00 INRE-00 CIAE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS-20 NEA-14 ACDA-19 10-14 A-01 OPRN02 SY-04 0C-06 CCO-00 SCCT-02 SAM-01 SAB-01 AEC-11 AID-20 CEA-02 CIEP-02 COME-00 EB-11 FEA-02 FPC-01 INT-08 OMB-01 SCI-06 STR-08 TRSE-00 NIC-01 DRC-01 /223 W 078707 7 n 2921357 MAY 74 PM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC FLASH 4321 TNFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS NIACT IMMEDIATE AMEMBASEY LONDON NIACT IMMEDIATE DIA, Navy AMEMBASSY NICOSIA NIACT IMMEDIATE reviews completed USMISSION NATO NIACT IMMEDIATE SFC DEF WASHOC NIACT IMMEDIATE State Dept. review completed USCINCEUR CINUSAFE CINCUSAREUR USDOCOSOUTH USMR SHAPE CINCUSNAVEUR COMSIXTHFLT C N E 1 ANKARA 4128 E.O. 11652: GDS TAGS: PBOR, MOPS, TU, GR SUBJI GREEK-TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library CONFIDENTIAL DECLASSIFIED 49 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified 9.66 FOR No Objection to Declassification in Part 2011/12/13 NLN-NSC-1312-5-222-6 No Objection to Declassification in Part 2011/12/13 NLN-NSC-1312-5-222-6 DEPAR. * Department of State BYATES UNITED ANERICA TELEGRAM OF CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 02 ANKARA 04128 2923572 REF: (A) ATHENS 3221 (B) ATHENS 3226 (NOTAL) 1. AS REPORTED ANKARA 4126 STAT ANNOUNCE TURKISH NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC VESSEL WAS TO SAIL LOCAL TIME TOWAY FOR AEGEAN OIL EXPLORATION. 2. AS TO UPI STATEMENT (CITED IN REF A) THAT OCEANOGRAPHIC VESSEL ACCOMPANIED BY "FLOTILLA", WE HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO FINE ANY CONFIRMATION SO FAR: A. SENIOR OFFICER OF MFA (YAVUZALP), WHEN WE CONTACTED HIM BY TELEPHONE AT HOME THIS EVENING, SAID ME COULD NOT CONFIRM THAT RESEARCH VESSEL WAS ESCORTED. HE SPECULATED THAT IF ANY NAVAL COMBAT-TYPE VESSELS HAD LEFT GOLCUK, REASON WOULD BE EXERCISE "GOOD FRIENDSHIP" WHICH WILL BEGIN IN AEGEAN SUNDAY. B. ALUSNA WAS IN VICINITY OF GOLCUK NAVAL BASE THIS MORNING AND DISCUSSED SHIP MOVEMENTS WITH KNOWLEDGEABLE PERSONNEL NO MAJOR SHIP MOVEMENTS WERE KNOWN OR ANTICIPATED AT THAT TIME (10 A.M. LOCAL). C. IN TELEPHONE CHECK AT 11 PM LOCAL MAY 29, ALUSNAIS GOLCUK ARA CONTACTS INDICATED NO CHANGE IN EARLIER SITUATION. UPDATED INFOR FROM NON-GOT SOURCES WILL BE AVAILABLE AT 8130 AM LOCAL MAY 30, AND ALASNA HAS APPOINTMENT WITH TURKISH NAVAL FORCES OPERATIONS SECTION AFTERNOON MAY 30 WHICH MAY PRODUCE ADDITIONAL DATA. D. UPI REFERENCE TO "CRUISERS" IS ON ITS FACE INACCURATE, SINCE TURKISH NAVY HAS NO CRUISERS. 3. OUR EXPERIENCE WITH UPI ISTANBUL REPORTING IS THAT IT IS NOT ALWAYS RELIABLE. SPAN Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library CONFIDENTIAL DECLASSIFIED This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified FORM 9.66 No Objection to Declassification in Part 2011/12/13 NLN-NSC-1312-5-222-6 [ NSC/1312/005/030] PRPARTMENT OF STATE * OF Department of State UNITED TELEGRAM STATES OF SECRET 0292 Il PAGE 01 ATHENS 03219 291726Z 63 Il BE ACTION EUR-25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 NEA-14 CIAE-00 PM-07 H-03 INR-10 L=03 NSAE-00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS=20 USIA-15 SCI-06 COME-00 NSF-04 COA-02 INT-08 DRC-01 /135 W 074439 R 2915457 MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ATHENS TO SECSTATE WASHDC 3541 INFO AMEMBASSY ANKARA AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY NICOSIA SECDEF USMISSION NATO USUN NEW YORK 1036 THE CINCUSAFE USDOCOSOUTH TURKEA USCINCEUR CINCUSAREUR USNMR SHAPE AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI SECRE ATHENS 3219 FO 11652: GDS TAGS: PFOR, PBOR, TU, GR SUBJECT: GREEK-TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE 1. ACCORDING TO EMBASSYIS UNDERSTANDING DURING SPECIAL UNGA LAST MONTH GREEK AND TURKISH REPRESENTATIVES REACHED AGREEMENT ON NEED FOR TALKS ON AEGEAN. AT THAT TIME WE UNDERSTOOD TURKISH POSITION TO BE THAT IF TALKS TOOK PLACE TURKEY WOULD DEFER PLANS TO SEND SEISMIC OR DRILLING SHIP INTO AEGEAN. IT NOW APPEARS, HOWEVER, THAT SEISMIC VESSEL, REPORTEDLY U.S. SHIP UNDER CHARTER TO TURKS, MAY BE MOVING FROM BLACK SEA INTO AEGEAN. THERE ARE DECLASSIFIED E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED By DeR mi H/R NARA, Date 5/15/18 PAC 4/30/13 SECRET This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified Doc. 14505 t3 pgs] FORM DS-1652 PEPARTMENT OF 18 STATE * * Department of State ORLINA тило TELEGRAM 10 8M26 STATE OF D EV21 SECRET 10 PAGE 02 ATHENS 03219 291726Z SOME INDICATIONS THAT GREEKS PROBABLY WOULD NOT INTERFERE WITH VESSEL WHOSE FUNCTION WAS STRICTLY SCIENTIFIC, I.E. SEISMIC OR OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH, BUT AT SAME TIME GREEK POSITION BLURRED BY COMMENT THAT GREEK WOULD HAVE TO BE ON BOARD SUCH VESSEL, PRESUMABLY TO INSURE IT DID NOT EXCEED ANNOUNCED SCIENTIFIC FUNCTIONS. WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF A GREEK NOT ABOARD REMAINS A POINT OF CONCERN, MOREOVER, WHAT REMAINS OF TSOUNIS' UNDERSTANDING IN NEW YORK (NOTED ABOVE) THAT IF TALKS TOOK PLACE GREECE AND TURKEY WOULD NOT MOVE AHEAD TO ASSERT WHAT IT BELIEVES TO BE ITS RIGHTS. FURTHERMORE, THERE IS ALSO PRESENT THE DANGER OF CONTACT AND CLASH ARISING SIMPLY THROUGH LEVEL OF EMOTIONS AND EXPLOSIVE REACTION. 2. BECAUSE OF CONTINUING RISK OF MISCALCULATION ON BOTH SIDES, WE BELIEVE IT IS IN MUTUAL US AND NATO INTEREST FOR U.S. AND OUR ALLIES TO MAINTAIN POSTURE OF ENCOURAGING DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN PARTIES. OUR UNDERSTANDING TS, AS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED, THAT MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN ATHENS HAS FOR TIME BEING GIVEN DIPLOMATIC REPRESEN- TATIVES FIRST CHANCE TO SEEK PEACEFUL SOLUTION. CONSEQUENTLY, ANYTHING THAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE PROSPECT FOR SUCCESS IN THIS CHANNEL SHOULD BE GIVEN PRIORITY. 3. WE ASSUME FIRST OPPORTUNITY FOR GREEK-TURKISH TALKS LIKELY TO BE NATO MINISTERIAL JUNE 18-19. THIS COULD BE TOO LATE. I BELIEVE IT DESIRABLE THEREFORE FOR ANKARA TO PROBE GOT REGARDING ITS PRESENT INTENTIONS. WE SHARE EMBASSY ANKARAIS VIEW THAT IT WOULD BE DESIRABLE FOR ANY AMERICAN FIRM CONTEMPLATING CONTRACT WITH GOT TO BE ADVISED OF IMMEDIATE RISK OF ENGAGING IN AEGEAN OPERATIONS PRIOR TO TALKS. ADDITIONALLY FROM EMBASSY ATHENS VIEWPOINT, WE BELIEVE IT BETTER FOR AMERICAN FIRM NOT TO UNDERTAKE SUCH CONTRACT WITH GOT PENDING OUTCOME OF FURTHER CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVES BOTH STATES. 4, COMMENT: COMMENCING LAST SUNDAY, CHIEF EDITOR OF DAILY GREEK-LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER ELEFTHEROS COSMOS, LETECKVW SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified PEPARTMENT OF STATE * * Department of State OF SELLES UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM SECRET PAGE 03 ATHENS 03219 291726Z MRS. ALEXANDRA STEFANAPOULOU, INITIATED A SERIES OF ARTICLES CONCERNING GREEK-TURKISH DIFFERENCES REGARDING QUESTION CONTINENTAL SHELF. BECAUSE ELEFTHEROS COSMOS APPARENTLY GENERALLY FAVORABLE TO CURRENT REGIME, THIS SERIES COULD BE CONSTRUED AS "GOVERNMENT HANDOUT". ARTICLES TO DATE PURPORT TO PRESENT BOTH TURKISH AND GREEK POSITIONS ON ISSUE AS WELL AS INTERPRET 1958 CONVENTION ON CONTINENTAL SHELF, SERIES RATHER TENDENTIOUS IN TONE AND GIVES IMPRESSION OF PRESENTING PRIMA FACIE CASE IN SUPPORT GOG POSITION. INTER ALIA, IT ATTEMPTS KNOCK OUT TURKISH CONTENTION THAT ISLANDS CONSTITUTE "SPECIAL CASE" WITHIN ARTICLE 0 OF 1958 CONVENTION. FULL TEXTS OF ARTICLES WILL BE TRANSMITTED BY AIRGRAM. TASCA SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED FORM This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified [NSC/1312/005/037] OF STATE Department of State of STATES UNITED AMERICA TELEGRAM SECRET 5881 PAGE 01 ANKARA 04219 311616Z 41 ACTION EUR=25 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 NEA-14 IO-14 SSO-00 NSCE-00 USIE-00 INRE-00 CIAE-00 PM=07 H-03 INR-10 L-03 NSAE=00 NSC-07 PA-04 RSC-01 PRS-01 SP-03 SS-20 DRC-01 OMB-01 SAJ-01 ACDA-19 EURE-00 NEAE-00 /135 W 104139 0 311540Z MAY 74 FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4367 INFO AMEMBASSY ATHENS IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY LONDON IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY NICOSIA USMISSION NATO IMMEDIATE SECDEF WASHDC IMMEDIATE AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI IMMEDIATE USMISSION UN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE CINCUSAFE IMMEDIATE USDOCOSOUTH IMMEDIATE USCINCEUR IMMEDIATE USNMR SHAPE IMMEDIATE CINCUSAREUR IMMEDIATE DIA DIA-5 WASHOC IMMEDIATE COMSIXTHELT IMMEDIATE AMCONSUL ADANA IMMEDIATE AMOUNSUL ISTANBUL IMMEDIATE AMCONSUL IZMIR IMMEDIATE SECRET ANKARA 4219 E.O. 11562: GDS TAGS: PFOR, HOU, GR SUBJ: GREEK/TURKISH AEGEAN DISPUTE 1. MFA DIRECTOR GENERAL POLITICAL AFFAIRS SOYSAL TOLD CHARGE EVENING MAY 31 THAT GOT "VERY PLEASED" WITH COMMUNIQUE ISSUED BY GUG THIS MORNING. IT SAID GOT HAD TOLD GOG ABOUT NAVAL DECLASSIFIED Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library E.O. 13526, Section 3.5 DECLASSIFIED SECRET PER RAC 6/30/09 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been determined to be declassified st BY ml H/R) NARA. Date 5/15/18 Doc. 14507 [2pgs, FORM DS-1652 АЯДИ Date THANTMENT OF STATE E'O' Department of State UNITED AMERICANT TELEGRAM 188 STATES OF SECRET PAGE 02 ANKARA 04219 311616Z EXERCISE IN AEGEAN, DENIED STORY OF ATTACK ON GREEK SHIP, AND IT ACCEPTED CANDARLI'S SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AS NORMAL, (PRESUMABLY REFERENCE IS TO STATEMENT REPORTED ATHENS 3274.) 2, SOYSAL ADDED THAT AT SAME TIME THERE HAD BEEN A FEW PRO- VOCATIVE STATEMENTS BY GREEKS, SPECIFICALLY ONE BY AVEROFF, BUT GOT WAS NOT GOING TO RESPOND. 3. HE BELIEVED TENSION WAS RAPIDLY GOING OUT OF SITUATION, AT NOONTIME ITALIAN NATIONAL DAY RECEPTION, HE AND GREEK AMBASSADOR (WHO SHARED HIS VIEW) HAD BEEN HAVING A "FRIENDLY CHAT" WHEN SOVIET AMBASSADOR APPROACHED AND SAID JOVIALLY: "EVERYBODY IS SEND= ING SHIPS TO THE AEGEAN. PERHAPS WE SHOULD TOO. SOYSAL AND GREEK AMBASSADOR SIMULATNEOUSLY REPLIED: "NO, WE FRIENDS WILL TAKE CARE OF ANY PROBLEMS VERY WELL WITHOUT YOU." 4. SOYSAL ALSO TOTALLY DISCOUNTED BIZIM RADIO REPORT (FBIS, KYRENIA, 3113232) THAT GREEKS HAD ATTACKED TURKISH SHIP. HE SAID STATE DEPTIS SPOKESMANIS REMARKS MAY 30 WASHINGTON WERE VERY HELPFUL SHOWING us INTEREST IN BOTH ITS FREINDS BUT NOT THREAT- ENING, ALTHOUGH HE WAS NOT so HAPPY AT FOLLOW-ON REMARKS ATTRIBU- TED TO "US OFFICIALS" IN MAY 31 AP STORY WHICH REFERRED TO FACT THAT BOTH GREECE AND TURKEY MUST ASK US CONSENT FOR USE OF THEIR AMERICAN WEAPONS FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN THAT FOR WHICH THEY WERE FURNISHED. LATTER REFERENCE HE SAID JUST ANNOYED SOME PEOPLE IN GOT. 5. SPAIN SAID USG INDEED REMAINED DEEPLY INTERESTED IN THIS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS DISPUTE BETWEEN ITS FRIENDS. HE WAS GLAD GOT FELT GOG WAS TAKING MODERATE AND REASONABLE COURSE AND COULD NOT OVERSTRESS NEED FOR GOT TO AVOID PROVO= CATIVE MEASURES. SPAIN leteckvw SECRET Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library DECLASSIFIED 25 This document has been reviewed pursuant to Executive Order 13526 and has been FORM determined to be declassified

nara / coll_rn-nsf / doc

Greek-Turk Contingency Plans

ID: 266848802
Type: document

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contentType	document
collections	National Security Files (Nixon Administration) Central Files
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