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This file contains:
The Age of Affluence in the Congressional Record- Extensions of Remarks. 4 pgs. [Report], 6/4/1968
Here's the Issue Volume 7, Number 10. State Standards or Federal Standards? 6 pgs. [Newsletter], 5/31/1968
Recommendations by Don Clausen. 3 pgs. [Report], n.d.
Report on flooding and water. 7 pgs. [Report], n.d.
Letter from Mark Hatfield to Dick. 6 pgs. [Letter], 9/24/1968
Republican Coordinating Committee- Transportation in Modern America. 24 pgs. Only cover scanned. Duplicate not scanned. [Brochure], 6/1/1966
National Associated Businessmen's Economy Voting Record, US Senate and House of Representatives. Only cover scanned. Duplicate not scanned. [Brochure], 1968
National Associated Businessmen Economy Voting Record, US Senate and House of Representatives. Only Cover Scanned. [Brochure], 1966
National Associated Businessmen Economy Voting Record, US House of Representatives. Only cover scanned. [Brochure], 1964
"A Marginal Slap on the Wrist" in the Journal of Commerce. 1 pg. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 6/13/1968
"US Surplus In Trade Up Trailing '67" by Richard Lawrence in the Journal of Commerce. 2 pgs. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 5/28/1968
The Balance of Payments, The Gold Drain, and Your Dollar. Republican Coordinating Committee Task Force on Federal Fiscal and Monetary Policies. 31 pgs. Only cover scanned. [Brochure], 1965
Letter from the federal government to Felix Owens concerning personnel policies and organization. 1 pg. [Letter], 9/24/1968
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26126417
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WHSF: Returned, 17-14
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WHSF: Returned, 17-14
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This file contains:
The Age of Affluence in the Congressional Record- Extensions of Remarks. 4 pgs. [Report], 6/4/1968
Here's the Issue Volume 7, Number 10. State Standards or Federal Standards? 6 pgs. [Newsletter], 5/31/1968
Recommendations by Don Clausen. 3 pgs. [Report], n.d.
Report on flooding and water. 7 pgs. [Report], n.d.
Letter from Mark Hatfield to Dick. 6 pgs. [Letter], 9/24/1968
Republican Coordinating Committee- Transportation in Modern America. 24 pgs. Only cover scanned. Duplicate not scanned. [Brochure], 6/1/1966
National Associated Businessmen's Economy Voting Record, US Senate and House of Representatives. Only cover scanned. Duplicate not scanned. [Brochure], 1968
National Associated Businessmen Economy Voting Record, US Senate and House of Representatives. Only Cover Scanned. [Brochure], 1966
National Associated Businessmen Economy Voting Record, US House of Representatives. Only cover scanned. [Brochure], 1964
"A Marginal Slap on the Wrist" in the Journal of Commerce. 1 pg. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 6/13/1968
"US Surplus In Trade Up Trailing '67" by Richard Lawrence in the Journal of Commerce. 2 pgs. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 5/28/1968
The Balance of Payments, The Gold Drain, and Your Dollar. Republican Coordinating Committee Task Force on Federal Fiscal and Monetary Policies. 31 pgs. Only cover scanned. [Brochure], 1965
Letter from the federal government to Felix Owens concerning personnel policies and organization. 1 pg. [Letter], 9/24/1968
citationUrl
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Richard M. Nixon's Returned Materials Collection
Returned White House Special Files
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Richard Nixon Presidential Library
White House Special Files Collection
Folder List
Box Number
Folder Number
Document Date
Document Type
Document Description
17
14
06/04/1968
Report
The Age of Affluence in the Congressional
Record- Extensions of Remarks. 4 pgs.
17
14
05/31/1968
Newsletter
Here's the Issue Volume 7, Number 10. State
Standards or Federal Standards? 6 pgs.
17
14
n.d.
Report
Recommendations by Don Clausen. 3 pgs.
17
14
n.d.
Report
Report on flooding and water. 7 pgs.
17
14
09/24/1968
Letter
Letter from Mark Hatfield to Dick. 6 pgs.
17
14
06/1966
Brochure
Republican Coordinating Committee-
Transportation in Modern America. 24 pgs.
Only cover scanned. Duplicate not scanned.
Friday, May 22, 2009
Page 1 of 2
Box Number Folder Number Document Date
Document Type
Document Description
17
14
1968
Brochure
National Associated Businessmen's Economy
Voting Record, US Senate and House of
Representatives. Only cover scanned.
Duplicate not scanned.
17
14
1966
Brochure
National Associated Businessmen Economy
Voting Record, US Senate and House of
Representatives. Only Cover Scanned.
17
14
1964
Brochure
National Associated Businessmen Economy
Voting Record, US House of
Representatives. Only cover scanned.
17
14
06/13/1968
Newspaper
"A Marginal Slap on the Wrist" in the
Journal of Commerce. 1 pg. Not scanned.
17
14
05/28/1968
Newspaper
"US Surplus In Trade Up Trailing '67" by
Richard Lawrence in the Journal of
Commerce. 2 pgs. Not scanned.
17
14
1965
Brochure
The Balance of Payments, The Gold Drain,
and Your Dollar. Republican Coordinating
Committee Task Force on Federal Fiscal and
Monetary Policies. 31 pgs. Only cover
scanned.
Friday, May 22, 2009
Page 2 of 2
pollution E 4991
June 4, 1968
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Extensions of Remarks
In the semi-finals Saturday afternoon Tom
RESOLUTION 1968-47
THE AGE OF EFFLUENCE
took on Walker Stevenson of Sandusky Per-
A resolution commending the Maple Heights
kins. In the first period Tom had a takedown,
High School wrestling team, its coaches,
but Stevenson escaped. In the second frame
and the administrative officers of the Maple
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
Stevenson got a reverse, which was followed
Heights city school system, upon the at-
OF MASSACHUSETTS
by an escape by Milkovich which left the
tainment of the third consecutive Ohio
match at three all after two periods. But in
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
State wrestling championship for the 1967-
the third Tom turned on the steam, and got
1968 season
Tuesday, June 4, 1968
an escape, a takedown, and two near-pins
for a 12-3 win.
Whereas, the 1967-1968 Wrestling Team of
Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr.
In the championship bout Tom took on
Maple Heights High School was proclaimed
Speaker, while benefits of our increas-
John Meros of Euclid in a repeat of their dis-
Ohio State Wrestling Champion for the third
ingly industrialized and technological
trict final. Tom won again as he got two take-
consecutive year in Columbus, Ohio, on Feb-
downs, and a reverse for the 6-2 victory.
ruary 24, 1968, in competition with teams
society are vast, SO are the problems. It
Lon Hicks at 120 won his two matches Fri-
representing high schools throughout the
is becoming clear and more and more
day as he rolled up a 12-1 win over George
State of Ohio, and
urgent to realize that as we have made
Whereas, this Council recognizes that such
great gains for the good of mankind, we
Zollinger of Toledo DeVillbis, and then
trounced Randy Breit of Marlinton 11-3.
achievement is the result of steady applica-
are also in dire danger of destroying the
In the semi's Lon met Bob Mason of Parina
tion of exercise, practice, and training while
very source of our wealth. Despite mag-
and scored the first takedown, but Mason
maintaining scholastic studies, and that
nificent technological achievements in
escaped and got a takedown of his own. In
such achievement of necessity reflects the
space, our air and water are unfit for
the second period Lon got a reverse which
inspirational leadership of the team's
was followed by a Mason escape leaving the
coaches, Mr. Michael Milkovich, Mr. Patrick J.
consumption or recreation.
Palumbo and Mr. William Barrett, and the
The degree of environmental pollution
score at 4-4. Mason got two more points in
Athletic Director Mr. T. Donovan Whlie, and
that has occurred in our Nation is alarm-
the third period with a reverse to give him a
6-4 win. Mason was eventually the state
Whereas, this Council further recognizes
ing, and is increasing. It cannot con-
that even though two of the members of the
champ.
tinue. Yet we cannot expect to be effec-
In a consolation round bout Lon defeated
team were individual titlists, the season's re-
tive in halting this trend while we con-
Wayne Hardy of Huron 7-3. He took third
cord is a team product, and accordingly this
tinue to use archaic and uncoordinated
Council desires to commend all of the team
place in the state with a 4-2 decision of
Frank Yoo of Eastlake North. Lon had a take-
members and the Coaches on behalf of itself,
methods to solve such complex problems
the Administrative and Judicial Departments
as exist in our urban areas. The methods
down and a reverse in that one.
Tom Barrett scored a 3-2 win over Leroy
of and for Maple Heights, and the citizens of
of problem solving must keep pace with
Noyd in his opening match Friday. Tom got
Maple Heights, and
the problems.
a late reverse to wrap up a 9-6 decision of
Whereas, on behalf of the same agencies
In 1966, I introduced a bill, now H.R.
Derek Bartlett of Huron in the quarter final
and individuals, this Council desires further
20, to create a Commission on Public
match.
to express its commendation to the repre-
Management to study the application
Then Saturday afternoon he met Bob
sentatives and of the Maple Heights City
or technology- comprehensive ap-
Lade of Valley Forge. In that one Barrett
School District for their cooperation in as-
sisting the Coaches and members of the
proach that systems analysis can offer-
got the first takedown and rode Lade out.
Wrestling Team in carrying out the wrestling
to find effective solutions to the vastly
Lade got an escape and a penalty point in
program while first providing and requiring
complicated public problems which in-
the third period to tie the score. Late in the
compliance with educational standards.
clude housing, transportation, and edu-
match Lade was on his back, but no points
were awarded to Barrett. In the overtime
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Coun-
cation, as well as the problem of pollu-
that followed Lade got the only escape for
cil of the City of Maple Heights, State of
tion. A systems approach would involve
Ohio:
a 1-0 win. He won the state crown that
a computer analysis of the total environ-
evening.
SECTION 1. On Behalf of the City of Maple
ment. As the editorial comments from
In consolations Tom beat Bob Johnson
Heights, the Council and the Administra-
Time magazine of May 10 points out well,
of Dayton Meadowdale 5-3.
tive and Judicial Departments of and for the
Then in the finals of the consolation
City of Maple Heights, and the people of the
only then can cities adequately and effec-
rounds he beat what was left of Beaver
City of Maple Heights, do herewith express
tively make the necessary cost-benefit
their commendation and congratulations to
choices and balance the system. They will
Creek, Logan Martinez, 3-1. He had an escape
and a penalty point, along with riding time
the Coaches and students of the Maple
be able to get a complete picture of the
for his third place finish.
Heights High School Wrestling Team for the
problem and the alternative solutions—
That win wrapped up the state crown for
honor and recognition accorded this City
and the advantages and disadvantages in
the Mustangs.
through their efforts as hereinbefore ex-
each one-to take action best suited to
At 133 Bill Black breezed through his class
pressed.
the problems and the facilities at hand.
for the state championship. In his first bout
Be it further resolved, that the Clerk of
I urge my colleagues to take to heart
he beat Bill Fisher of Toledo Rogers 10-1.
Council be and he is hereby authorized and
the seriousness of the situation and give
Then later on that day he pinned Larry
directed to forward certified copies of this
Branson of Lorain in 2:53.
Resolution to the following persons: Mr.
their consideration to the urgency for
On Saturday he beat Don Akerman of
Harry Salisbury, Superintendent of Schools;
new concepts of problem solving. The
Martins Ferry 13-3.
Mr. Michael Milkovich, Head Coach; Mr. Wil-
Time article is an excellent commentary
Then in the championship finals he beat
liam T. Barrett and Mr. Patrick J. Palumbo,
on this critical issue, and I commend it
Bob Tschool of Toledo St. Francis. Bill had
Assistant Coaches; Mr. Charles Pickens, Prin-
for careful reading.
three takedowns, a predicament, and an
cipal, Maple Heights High School; Mr. T.
The article follows:
escape for a 9-3 win.
Donovan Wylie, Athletic Director.
THE AGE OF EFFLUENCE
Derek Bekeny also won his first two
MEMBERS OF THE 1967-68 WRESTLING TEAM
matches beating Rick Greene of Columbus
What ever happened to America the
Thomas Barrett, Derek Bekeny, William
DeSalles 7-5, and then decisoning Bruce
Beautiful? While quite a bit of it is still
Witzke of Strongsville 5-2.
Black, John Blank, Pat Bowen, Conrad Calan-
visible, the recurring question reflects rising
Saturday afternoon he lost an overtime
der, Frank Cikach, Lon Hicks, Mark Hicks,
and spreading frustration over the nation's
referee's decision to the future state champ
Dale Hlavin, Jim Jedlicka, John Morrell,
increasingly dirty air, filthy streets and
Dennis Toffler of St. Francis. The score was
Thomas Milkovich, Cliff Radi, and Louis
malodorous rivers-the relentless degrada-
1-1 at the end of the overtime. It was a spilt
Churney, Manager.
tions of a once virgin continent. This man-
decision, with the referee and one judge vot-
SECTION 2. This Resolution shall take effect
made pollution is bad enough in itself, but it
ing for Toffler, and the other judge voting
immediately.
reflects something even worse: a dangerous
for Bekeny.
Passed March 6, 1968.
illusion that technological man can build
Derek lost a close match to the third place
ROBERT J. LOUGH,
bigger and bigger industrial societies with
finisher Bruce Hrycyk of Copley in a con-
President of Council.
little regard for the iron laws of nature.
solation round bout.
EMIL J. LISY, Jr.,
The problem is much bigger than the U.S.
Paul E. Landis the Commissioner of the
Mayor.
The whole industrialized world is getting pol-
O.H.S.A.A. awarded the first place trophy
Attest:
luted, and emerging nations are unlikely
to Coach Mike Milkovich and his crew
JOHN J. WETZELL,
to slow their own development in the interest
amidst the cheers of the Mustang followers.
Clerk of Council.
of clearer air and cleaner water. The fantastic
4992
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
June 4, 1968
effluence of affluence is overwhelming natural
he merely uses things, and though he burns,
body, intestinal bacteria can turn it into
decay-the vital process that balances life in
buries, grinds or flushes his wastes, the mate-
nitrite, a compound that hinders hemoglobin
the natural world. All living things produce
rial survives in some form, and technology
from transporting oxygen to the tissues,
toxic wastes, including their own corpses.
adds to its longevity. The tin can used to
causing labored breathing and even suffo-
But whereas nature efficiently decays-and
rust away; now comes the immortal alumi-
cation.
thus reuses-the wastes of other creatures,
num can, which may outlast the Pyramids.
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH
man alone produces huge quantities of syn-
Each year, the U.S. produces 48 billion cans,
It seems undeniable that some disaster
thetic materials that almost totally resist
plus 28 billion long-lived bottles and jars.
may be lurking in all this, but laymen hardly
natural decay. And more and more such
Paced by hardy plastic containers, the aver-
know which scientists to believe. As a result
waste is poisonous to man's fellow creatures,
age American's annual output of 1,600 lbs.
of fessil-fuel burning, for example, carbon
to say nothing of himself.
of solid waste is rising by more than 4% a
dioxide in the atmosphere has risen about
Man has tended to ignore the fact that he
year. Disposal already costs $3 billion a year.
14% since 1860. According to Ecologist La-
is utterly dependent on the biosphere: a vast
All this effluence is infinitely multiplied in
mont C. Cole, man is thus reducing the rate
web of interacting processes and organisms
big cities-and 70% of Americans live on only
of oxygen regeneration, and Cole envisions
that form the rhythmic cycles and food
10% of the country's total land area. Every
a crisis in which the amount of oxygen on
chains in which one part of the living en-
day, New York City dumps 200 million gal-
earth might disastrously decline. Other
vironment feeds on another. The biosphere
lons of raw sewage into the Hudson River.
scientists fret that rising carbon dioxide will
is no immutable feature of the earth.
Each square mile of Manhattan produces
prevent heat from escaping into space. They
Roughly 400 million years ago, terrestial life
375,000 lbs. of waste a day; the capital cost
foresee a hotter earth that could melt the
consisted of some primitive organisms that
of incinerating that 1-sq.-mi.-output is $1.87
million, and 30% of the residue drifts in
polar icecaps, raise oceans as much as 400
consumed oxygen as fast as green plants
ft., and drown many cities. Still other scien-
manufactured it. Only by some primeval acci-
the air as fly ash until it settles on the
citizens.
tists forecast a colder earth (the recent
dent were the greedy organisms buried in
trend) because man is blocking sunlight
sedimentary rock (as the source of crude oil,
The sheer bulk of big cities slows the
with ever more dust, smog and jet contrails.
for example), thus permitting the atmos-
cleansing winds, at the same time, rising city
The cold promises more rain and hail, even
phere to become enriched to a life-sustaining
heat helps to create thermal inversions (warm
a possible cut in world food. Whatever the
mix of 20% oxygen, plus nitrogen, argon,
air above cold) that can trap smog for days-
theories may be, it is an established fact
carbon dioxide and water vapor. With
a crisis that in 1963 killed 400 New Yorkers.
that three poisons now flood the landscapes:
miraculous precision, the mix was then main-
Cars complete the deadly picture. While U.S.
smog, pesticides, nuclear fallout.
tained by plants, animals and bacteria, which
chimneys belch 100,000 tons of sulfur di-
used and returned the gases at equal rates.
Finding effective antidotes will take a lot
oxide every day, 90 million motor vehicles
About 70% of the earth's oxygen is thus pro-
more alertness to ecological consequences.
add 230,000 tons of carbon monoxide (52%
duced by ocean phytoplankton: passively
What cities sorely need is a systems approach
of smog) and other lethal gases, which then
floating plants. All this modulated tempera-
to pollution: a computer analysis of every-
form ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate that kill
tures, curbed floods and nutured man a mere
thing that a total environment-greater Los
or stunt many plants, ranging from orchids
1,000,000 or so years ago.
Angeles, for example-is taking in and giving
to oranges. Tetraethyl lead in auto exhausts
To primitive man, nature was so harsh
out via air, land, water. Only then can cities
affects human nerves, increasing irritability
make cost-benefit choices and balance the
and powerful that he deeply respected and
and decreasing normal brain function. Like
even worshiped it. He did the environment
system. Equally vital are economic incen-
any metal poison, lead is fatal if enough is
very little damage. But technological man,
tives, such as taxing specific pollutants SO
ingested. In the auto's 70-year history, the
master of the atom and soon the moon, is
that factories stop using them. Since local
average American's lead content has risen
SO aware of his strength that he is unaware of
governments may be loath to levy effluence
an estimated 125-fold, to near maximum
his weakness-the fact that his pressure on
charges, fearing loss of industry, the obvious
tolerance levels. Arctic glaciers now contain
nature may provoke revenge. Although sen-
need is regional cooperation, such as inter-
wind-wafted lead.
state river-basin authorities to enforce
sational cries of impending doom have over-
AIR, WATER AND THE SEWER
stated the case, modern man has reached the
scientific water use. Germany's Ruhr River
stage where he must recognize that real
By the year 2000, an estimated 90% of
is ably governed this way. A shining U.S.
dangers exist. Indeed, many scholars of the
Americans will live in urban areas and drive
example is the eight-state Ohio River Valley
biosphere are now seriously concerned that
perhaps twice as many cars as they do now.
Water Sanitation Commission, which per-
human pollution may trigger some ecological
The hope is that Detroit will have long since
suaded 3,000 cities and industries to spend
disaster.
designed exhaust-free electric or steam
$1 billion diverting 99% of their effluent to
CONSUMING NOTHING
motors. Another hope is nuclear power to
sewage plants.
For one thing, the impact of human pol-
generate electricity in place of smoggy "fossil
Similar "air shed" action is starting be-
fuels" (oil, coal), but even with 50% nuclear
tween some smog-bound states and is con-
lutants on nature can be vastly amplified by
food chains, the serial process by which weak
power, U.S. energy needs will so increase by
sidered preferable to federally imposed air
2000 that fossil-fuel use may quadruple.
standards, which might not fit local climate
creatures are typically eaten by stronger ones
in ascending order. The most closely studied
Morecver, nuclear plants emit pollution: not
conditions. Still, far greater federal action-
only radioactive wastes, which must be
example is the effect of pesticides, which
especially money-is urgently needed to help
have sharply improved farm crops but also
buried, but also extremely hot water that
cities build all kinds of waste-treating facili-
has to go somewhere and can become a
ties. In fact, the Secretary of the Interior
caused spectacular kills of fish and wildlife.
serious threat to marine life.
In the Canadian province of New Brunswick,
really ought to be the Secretary of the En-
for example, the application of only one-half
Industry already devours water on a vast
vironment. TO unify federal leadership, ne
pound of DDT per acre of forest to control
scale-600,000 gal. to make one ton of syn-
might well be given charge of the maze of
the spruce budworm has twice wiped out
thetic rubber, for example-and the resultant
rival federal agencies that now absurdly
almost an entire year's production of young
hot water releases the dissolved oxygen in
nibble only at their own slice of the pollu-
rivers and lakes. This kills the oxygen-
tion mess.
salmon in the Miramichi River. In this proc-
ess, rain washes the DDT off the ground and
dependent bacteria that degrade sewage.
One of the prime goals in attacking pollu-
into the plankton of lakes and streams. Fish
Meanwhile, the country's ever-mounting
tion ought to be a vast shrinkage of the
eat the DDT-tainted plankton; the pesticide
sewage is causing other oxygen-robbing
human impact on other creatures. The war
becomes concentrated in their bodies, and
process. By 1980, these burdens may well
on insects, for example, might actually go
the original dose ultimately reaches multifold
dangerously deplete the oxygen in all 22
a lot better without chemical pesticides that
strength in fish-eating birds, which then
U.S. river basins. The first massive warning
kill the pests' natural enemies, such as birds.
often die or stop reproducing. DDT is almost
is what happened to Lake Erie, where over-
One of the best strategies is to nurture the
certainly to blame for the alarming decrease
whelming sewage from Detroit and other
enemies so they can attack the pests; more
in New England's once flourishing peregrine
cities cut the oxygen content of most of the
insect-resistant crops can also be developed
falcons, northern red-shouldered hawks and
lake's center to zero, turning a once mag-
Florida eliminated the screw-worm fly not by
black-crowned night herons.
nificently productive inland sea into a sink
spraying but by sterilizing hores of the male
In the polluting sense, man is the dirtiest
where life is catastrophically diminished.
flies, then liberating them to produce in-
animal, and he must learn that he can no
With state and federal aid, the cities that
fertile eggs. A still newer method is the use
longer afford to vent smoke casually into the
turned Erie's tributaries into open sewers
of sex attractants to lure male insects into
sky and sewage into rivers as he did in an
are now taking steps to police the pollution,
traps and thus to their death.
earlier day, when vast reserves of pure air
and if all goes well, Erie may be restored to
Above all, man should strive to parallel
and water easily diluted the pollutants. The
reasonable life in five or ten years.
natural decay by
earth is basically a closed system with a
But the problem goes on. Though one-third
waste Resalvaging already keeps
waste-disposal process that clearly has limits.
of U.S. sewage systems are below health
80% of all mined copper in circulation. But
The winds that ventilate earth are only six
standards, improving them may also kill
U.S. city incinerators now destroy about
miles high; toxic garbage can kill the tiny
lakes. The problem is that treated sewage
3,000,000 metric tons of other valuable metals
organisms that normally clean rivers. Today,
contains nitrate and phosphate, fertilizing
a year; magnetic extractors could save the
industrial America is straining the limits.
substances widely used in agriculture that
metal and reduce incineration by 10%. The
One massively important factor is that the
make things worse in overfertilized lakes.
packaging industry could do a profound serv-
U.S. consumer actually consumes nothing;
Though nitrate is normally harmless in the
ice by switching to materials that rot-fast.
June 4, 1968
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
E 4993
The perfect container for mankind is the
ranges from the lowly litterbug to the lunacy
elsewhere, junior colleges should and no
edible ice-cream cone. How about a beer
of nuclear proliferation. At this hour, mans
doubt will give high priority to occupational
container that is something like a pretzel?
only choice is to live in harmony with nature,
education. Their most distinctive and prob-
Or the soft-drink bottle that, when placed
not conquer it.
ably most useful contribution is and will be
in the refrigerator, turns into a kind of tasty
in that kind of teaching.
artificial ice? Soft drinks could also come
in frozen form, as popsicles with edible
sticks.
OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION
To cut air pollution, a Japanese process can
be used to convert fly ash into cinder blocks.
ANOTHER DR. GODDARD NEEDED
Since the market is too small for commercial
HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI
success, public subsidies would make sense;
OF ILLINOIS
HON. RICHARD T. HANNA
recovering waste at the source is almost al-
ways cheaper than cleanup later. There are
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OF CALIFORNIA
some real prospects of profit in reconstituting
Tuesday, June 4. 1968
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
other waste. Take sulfur, for example, which
is in short supply around the world. While
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Chi-
Tuesday, June 4, 1968
26 million tons are mined a year, smokestacks
cago Tribune, in an excellent editorial
Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, upon learn-
belch 28 million tons of wasted sulfur diox-
on occupational education, has made a
ing of the resignation of Dr. James L.
ide, which could easily be trapped in the
meaningful contribution toward the cur-
stack and converted to sulfuric acid or even
Goddard, I wrote a letter to the Presi-
fertilizer. Standard Oil of California is al-
rent dialog on preparing young peo-
dent expressing our disappointment and
ready profitably recovering the refinery sul-
ple for gainful employment.
at the same time recommending for his
fur waste that pollutes streams.
I recommend this editorial to my col-
consideration the appointment of Dr.
To reduce smog over cities, one of the most
leagues for a better understanding of
Herbert Ley, Director of the Bureau of
visible and worst forms of pollution, smog-
how junior colleges can play a key role
Medicine.
causing power plants might be eliminated
in developing a post secondary system of
from densely populated areas. Why not gen-
I include my letter in the RECORD at
education which will compliment train-
erate electricity at the fuel source-distant
this point and following my letter I in-
ing programs started by youngsters in
oil or coal fields-and then wire it to cities?
sert an editorial from the Fullerton,
On the other hand, industrialization must
lower grades to develop marketable
Calif., Tribune in the RECORD. This edi-
not be taken to distant places that can be
skills.
torial expresses the sentiments of many
better used for other purposes. Industrial-
I have said time and again that the
in the medical field regarding Dr. God-
izing Appalachia, for example, would smogify
basis for our effort to eliminate poverty
dard's work. He will be sorely missed by
a naturally hazy region that settlers aptly
in America and to prevent phenomena
named the Smokies. The right business for
his colleagues in the Food and Drug Ad-
like the Poor People's Campaign in
Appalachia is recreation; federal money could
ministration as well as by those who
Washington is to develop a system of
spur a really sizable tourist industry.
worked with him outside the Adminis-
education in this Nation where every sin-
Sometimes pollution can even help recrea-
tration.
tion. In flat northeastern Illinois, for ins-
gle American youngster will develop a
The above-mentioned follows:
tanee, the handsomest recreation area will
marketable skill in his elementary and
soon be Du Page County's fast-risilug 118-ft.
secondary education process. The Chica-
MAY 22, 1968.
The PRESIDENT,
hill and 65-acre lake-artfully built on
go Tribune's emphasis on postsecondary
The White House,
garbage fill. One form of pollution could even
education fortifies the arguments for a
Washington, D.C.
enhance-rather than spoil-water sports.
greater emphasis in occupational educa-
My DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We learned with
Much of the nation's coastline is too cold for
tion.
swimming, if marine life can be protected
a regret we feel sure will be shared by all
The Chicago Tribune editorial fol-
well informed citizens of the resignation of
why not use nuclear plant heat to warm
Dr. Goddard. That worthy gentleman has
the water? Or even create underwater na-
lows:
tional parks for scuba campers?
EDUCATING FOR JOBS
served with a distinction that ranks with the
most dedicated of a long line of outstand-
IN HARMONY WITH NATURE
The Illinois State Chamber of Commerce
ing public servants but beyond that with a
Ideally, every city should be a closed loop,
has just published a survey entitled "Oc-
courage and dedication matched by only a
cupational Education in Illinois Public Jun-
like a space capsule in which astronauts
few.
reconstitute even their own waste. This con-
ior Colleges." This useful brochure spells out
cept is at the base of the federally aided "Ex-
in here-and-now terms what our state's rap-
Dr. Goddard's tenure in office has high-
perimental City" being planned by Geo-
idly growing junior college system is offering
lighted the importance of the Food and
[and has planned for the near future] in
Drug Administration and its critical posi-
physicist Athelstan Spilhaus, president of
terminal courses of study aimed at specific
tion in safeguarding the health and lives of
Philadelphia's Franklin Institute, who
dreams of solving the pollution problem by
job markets. The showing is extensive, with
our citizenry. The great record he has es-
dispersing millions of Americans into brand-
tremendous potential for further growth.
tablished needs to be continued, I am sure
new cities limited to perhaps 250,000 people
There are 101 different programs listed, from
you will agree.
on 2,500 acres of now vacant land. The pilot
accounting to X-ray technician, from air
May we strongly and sincerely support by
city, to be built by a quasi-public corpora-
conditioning to welding. In Illinois there are
our voice and office the recommendation of
tion, will try everything from reusable build-
34 public junior colleges in being, with more
Dr. Herbert Ley as a new leader with the
due to open next fall.
Goddard spirit. We are informed that Dr.
ings to underground factories and horizontal
Economy and convenience are probably the
Goddard himself has indicated his support
elevators to eliminate air-burning cars and
ideas that junior colleges suggest to most
for Dr. Ley and I am sure you are impressed
buses. The goal is a completely recycled,
people. Those are powerful considerations, es-
by such confidence far above any such feel-
noise-free, pure-air city surrounded by as
ing I could hope to inspire.
many as 40,000 acres of insulating open
pecially for young people with means too
The public needs and looks for our con-
countryside. "We need urban dispersal," says
limited to permit leaving home or paying
Spilhaus, "not urban renewal."
high tuitions. But occupational education-
tinued best efforts and closest surveillance
In the search for solutions, there is no
qualifying people to hold jobs that call for
in this vital field of government activity. We
point in attempting to take nature back to
less than a college degree but more than a
know you will give the selection of the new
high school diploma-is probably the biggest
Administrator your sober and considered
its pristine purity. The approach must look
forward. There is no question that just as
idea involving the junior colleges.
study. We thank you for your kind atten-
tion and patience.
technology has polluted the country, it can
The chamber of commerce states three
Very respectfully,
also depollute it. The real question is whether
uses of its new publication-to inform em-
RICHARD T. HANNA,
enough citizens want action. The biggest
ployers of sources of new trained personnel;
Member of Congress.
need is for ordinary people to learn some-
to inform employers of job-related curricula
thing about ecology, a humbling as well as
to which they can direct present employes;
From the Fullerton, Calif., Tribune,
fascinating way of viewing reality, that ought
and to direct attention to gaps in existing
May 23, 1968]
to get more attention in schools and col-
curricula, gaps which business initiative
leges. The trouble with modern man is that
might help fill. It all boils down to matching
ANOTHER DR. GODDARD NEEDED
he tends to yawn at the news that pesticides
qualified people with job opportunities. Any-
It is unfortunate for the country, and for
are threatening remote penguins or pelicans;
thing that does that helps not only the
the American people, that Dr. James L. God-
perhaps he could do with some of the hu-
businesses and employes directly involved,
dard could not see his way clear to remain
mility toward animals that St. Francis tried
but everyone.
as commissioner of the Food and Drug Ad-
to graft onto Christianity. The false as-
Junior colleges do such matching. Without
ministration.
sumption that nature exists only to serve
neglecting the preparation of students to
He has been the strongest, most conscien-
man is at the root of an ecological crisis that
transfer successfully to four-year colleges
tious and most dedicated chief since the late
4994
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
June 4, 1968
Harvey W. Wiley, the "father" and first head
And I wonder what tribute can I pay to you-
centers, complete with a bracket arm assem-
of the FDA.
a patriot who loved freedom and coun-
bly to support a mercury vapor type lumi-
Dr. Goddard correctly interpreted the re-
try enough to forfeit life and name
naire. Nothing but spill light is available for
sponsibility of his post as being to safeguard
on a foreign battlefield?
the sidewalk area adjoining the street, with
the health of the people to the fullest ex-
I would thank you-but words of thanks
the result that most streets in the city are
tent possible. When the inevitable confiicts
cannot penetrate the grave.
dark and dismal, creating an atmosphere
with vested interests, notably the pharma-
I would weep for you-but tears can neither
ideal for muggers and rapists.
ceutical manufacturers, occurred, Dr. God-
stir your silent body nor warm your
To correct this hazardous condition, we
dard stood up and was counted on the side
still heart.
are outlining the following three ideas for
of the public. He put into effect recommenda-
I would laugh for you but laughter would
your consideration to improve our lighting
tions of the Kefauver Committee, and sub-
disintegrate against the walls of your
system:
sequent congressional investigative bodies, to
joyless tomb.
(a) Equip each of the present street light-
apply stronger standards in the testing and
I would comfort you as a brother-but
ing standards with an additional bracket arm
marketing of new drugs and in measuring
brotherhood cannot surmount the ob-
assembly and luminaire, similar to the one
the efficacy and safety of others already being
stacle of eternity.
presently installed and located on poles 180
dispensed to the public.
I would show you the free land you helped
degrees from the present luminaire. This ad-
Countless lives were saved because of these
to save-but your vision is blocked
ditional luminaire will provide adequate il..
measures. for looseness and abuse were far
by the curtain of death.
lumination for the sidewalk area directly
too prevalent before Dr. Goddard assumed
So I will offer you the one tribute which
under and on either side of the street light-
his office. The tragedies stemming from use
makes your death meaningful and my
ing standard.
of Thalidomide, a tranquilizer that resulted
life worthwhile. I will honor your
(b) Equip each of the present street light-
in deformities to unborn children, serve as
memory by pledging myself to the
ing standards with twin mercury vapor flood-
one example of negligent practices in the
perpetuation of those ideals for which
light assemblies mounted on top of the pole.
department.
you fought and died-the defense of
These pole mounted floodlights should, of
We are all in Dr. Goddard's debt. While we
freedom, the love of liberty, and a
necessity, be placed back to back with their
deeply regret his decision to return to private
peaceful future.
floodlight beams directed towards and par-
life, we wish him well in whatever endeavors
Thus will your death enrich my life, thus
allel to the sidewalk below to provide the re-
he may undertake.
will my actions honor your unknown
quired illumination. This scheme is pres-
Unanswered at this point is the question
name.
ently being utilized by the Street Lighting
of a successor to head the Food and Drug
-JAMES R. HOWARD.
Division of the Department of Water Supply,
Administration. Because of the extreme im-
Gas and Electricity of the City of New York
portance of the office of commissioner, who
to illuminate public schools and Park De-
must rule on matters of life and death and
partment playgrounds that adjoin city
resist all efforts to exploit the public for
IMPROVED STREET LIGHTING
streets.
monetary gain, the White House should not
DETERS CRIME
(c) Change the distribution of illumina-
settle for less than the best-qualified person,
tion of the present street lighting luminaires
a man of caliber comparable to that of Dr.
to a distribution, which will redirect some
Goddard.
HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL
of the light from the luminaire to the ad-
We believe there is such a man in the
OF NEW YORK
joining sidewalk and at the same time pro-
department's Bureau of Medicine-its direc-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
vide illumination for the street. This change
tor, Dr. Herbert Ley.
in type of distribution can be accomplished
We strongly urge his appointment and hope
Tuesday, June 4, 1968
by a simple adjustment of the adjustable
that members of Congress and others who
lamp socket within the luminaire, without
may have influence with the administration
Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, life in my
necessity of replacing the refractor lens. It
will exert it in Dr. Ley's behalf.
own community is encapsulated in fear
is true that the amount of illumination in
for life, limb, and property because of
the street will be reduced, and it is for this
the rising incidence of crime. This is
reason we strongly recommend that, if at all
true of communities throughout the Na-
possible, the present 400-watt luminaires be
TO THE UNKNOWN SOLDIER
tion. Improved street lighting can serve
replaced with their 1,000-watt companion
as an effective deterrent to crime by
versions. This proposed 1,000-watt luminaire
HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN
eliminating the dark and the shadows
will provide adequate illumination for the
which provide cover and concealment
street as well as the adjoining sidewalks.
OF TENNESSEE
for the criminal element. The Flatbush
It is our feeling that scheme (c) is the
most beneficial as well as the most econom-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Chamber of Commerce in my district
ical of the three ideas proposed. However,
Tuesday, June 4, 1968
has taken leadership in programs to im-
due to the fact that certain locations of the
prove municipal street lighting systems.
Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, Memorial
city require the selection of various lighting
As a guide to other civic organizations,
equipment, we leave this matter to the best
Day, May 30, 1968, has a special signifi-
I am calling attention to the text of a
judgment of our city engineers to improve
cance, as we all know, due to the war in
resolution on this subject adopted by
the present performance of our street light-
Vietnam and the great crisis we face in
the Flatbush Chamber of Commerce
ing system.
America and throughout the world. It
and addressed to responsible officials of
We ask your response to this expression of
is refreshing to pick up a newspaper, as
New York City. The text of the resolu-
our observation, approved by the unanimous
I did the Sevier County News Record,
tion follows:
vote of our Board of Directors, and hope you
published on Memorial Day, and read
can give us some indication of what steps,
We are very much distressed to read the
such a moving tribute to the Unknown
if any, you advise will be taken on your part
latest report issued by the Police Depart-
Soldier.
to cure this unsatisfactory condition and
ment on the increase of major crimes. In our
The tribute was written by James R.
improve the street lighting system.
city, in fact throughout the state, the prob-
Howard, a 17-year-old senior in the
lem of crime prevention and enforcement of
Granite High School in Salt Lake City,
law are becoming more and more exacting.
Utah, who was among the students
The members of the Board of Directors,
after an extensive study, respectfully want
A TIME FOR CONFIDENCE, NOT
chosen to visit Washington, D.C., in
to present for your consideration, some
WORRY
January 1968, to observe the work of the
changes in our street lighting system to im-
U.S. Government. Their visit was spon-
prove street conditions, to illuminate the
sored by the William Randolph Hearst
dark area where crime is most likely to be
HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR.
Foundation for Youth. After visiting the
rampant at night.
OF CALIFORNIA
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, James
The present city law requires outside
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
wrote this tribute which we feel is a re-
lights at each entrance to large buildings,
markable revelation of a depth of per-
but these lights do not extend further than
Tuesday, June 4, 1968
ceptive patriotism that is exemplary of
the immediate entrance. There are at pres-
Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak-
true Americanism.
ent many areas of one and two family homes
that do not come under this category. We
er, in view of all of the black pictures
It was carried on the front page of
believe that lights deter crime. The thug,
painted recently of the state of our na-
this fine newspaper and the words speak
the robber, the rapist, shrink from the glare
tional economy which have led to the
out clearly, as follows:
of bright street lights. Thefts of motor ve-
pushing of the panic button demonstrat-
You lie in your cold grave-triumphant in
hicles showed the highest rate increase.
ed most recently by the actions of the
death because you defeated tyranny,
The present street lighting system consists,
conference committee in tying the pro-
peaceful in death because you died
in most instances, of 30 foot high street
posed surtax to a $6 billion reduction
a free man.
lighting standards, usually 120 to 160 feet on
in the President's current budget, I felt
MAY 31, 1968/VOLUME 7, NUMBER 10
HERE'S THE ISSUE
Published every other week while Congress is in session by the Legislative Department, Chamber of Commerce of the United States,
Washington, D. C. Subscriptions: $2.50 per year to members of the National Chamber; $3.50 per year to non-members. Rates for multiple
subscriptions or bulk orders available on request. Material in this bulletin may be reproduced with or without credit. Editor: Wallace Davies
Water Quality Control: An Object Lesson
State Standards or Federal Standards?
Many major legislative battles involve proposals to im-
water is ever increasing, while the supply remains constant.
pose Federal "standards" that must be complied with by
To resolve the conflict between supply and demand, effec-
the States.
tive water management programs need to be established
Such standards have either been imposed or proposed
and directed toward increasing the uses which man can
in such widely divergent areas as meat inspection, unem-
make of his available water supply.
ployment compensation, welfare payments, water and air
The Water Quality Act provided that the States should
set water quality standards for their interstate waters, such
pollution control, and safety and health areas, and many
quality standards to be based upon the uses to be made of
others.
those waters.
These battles over the respective rights and responsibil-
These uses were to be determined only after a series of
ities of the Federal Government VS. State governments are
public hearings where all interested parties could present
now following a pattern. Federal standards are proposed.
their views. State standards set in accordance with this pro-
Opposition is expressed. An apparent compromise is
cedure were then subject to review by the Secretary of
reached which utilizes a "time-limit" technique.
Health, Education and Welfare (since enactment, this au-
Under this technique, States are given a certain amount
thority has been transferred to the Secretary of the Interior.)
of time in which to act before the Federal Government
The purpose of this review by the Secretary was to as-
moves in to impose its own standards.
sure that the State standards of quality would serve the
It is widely speculated, for example, that the Occupa-
purposes of the Act and that they would be consistent with
the particular water uses determined by the State.
tional Safety and Health Act (H.R. 14816), which grants
The Secretary of the Interior, however, has gone beyond
the Secretary of Labor authority to impose safety and
this purpose to impose, in effect, National water standards
health standards, will be revised so as to grant the States
-although Congress made it abundantly clear during con-
two years in which to act.
sideration of the Act that it was not in favor of National
At first glance, such an approach has much to recom-
water quality standards.
mend it. It recognizes, implicitly, the primary responsibility
The law firm of Covington and Burling advised the
of the States and gives the Federal Government the author-
National Chamber:
ity of stepping into areas only after the States refuse to act.
A reading of the legislative history of the 1965 Act
In practice, however, it is becoming increasingly appar-
brings sharply into focus the fact that Congress did not
ent that the time-limit technique involves some dangers as
contemplate the setting of arbitrary, uniform National
a result of what may be a fundamental flaw.
standards of water quality. Rather, it clearly rejected such
This flaw lies in the fact that in most cases the State
a concept.
must submit plans or proposed standards to a Government
Indeed, during the three-year period in which hearings
agency for approval. The Federal agency can use this proc-
were held, Administration spokesmen continually rejected
ess of granting or withholding approval to achieve its orig-
any notion of setting uniform National standards.
inal goal-Federal standards.
Through Congressional consideration of the legislation
and as recently as a year ago, the Federal authority di-
rectly concerned with enforcement of the standards provi-
A Case Study-Water Pollution
sions of the Water Quality Act were speaking in terms of
A useful study of how the review process can be used
broad general guidelines, as opposed to arbitrary Federal
to achieve national standards is provided in the operations
standards. This view was widely and consistently reflected
of the Department of Interior under the Water Quality
in Congress and in the language of the Act.
Control Act of 1965.
One basic reason for shying away from any system of
John J. Coffey, Secretary of the Environmental Pollution
National standards lies in the fact that the quality of water
Advisory Panel of the Chamber of Commerce of the
in the Nation's streams varies greatly, and the needed level
United States, in testimony on April 23 before the House
of quality also varies.
Committee on Public Works put the purposes of that Act
The need for this variation was well explained by former
in perspective:
Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Celebrezze in
Water is our most important resource. The demand for
an exchange in 1963 with Senator Jack Miller (R-Iowa).
Senator Miller: Do you foresee, or do you think we
Said the Secretary:
ought to have flexibility so that varying standards can be
Waters whose existing quality is better than the established
provided in regions, for example? Is there some kind of
standards as of the date on which such standards become
guideline that Congress should establish within which lim-
effective will be maintained at their existing high quality.
its an administrative agency should work?
These and other waters of a State will not be lowered in
Secretary Celebrezze: I believe you have to have a de-
quality unless and until it has become affirmatively demon-
gree of flexibility because standards will vary. You will
strated to the State water pollution control agency and the
need extremely high standards, for example, in shellfish
Department of the Interior that such change is justifiable as
areas.
a result of necessary economic or social development and
The standards that you would apply, for example, to a
will not interfere with or become injurious to any assigned
small community on top of a mountain on a stream
uses made of, or presently possible in, such waters. (Em-
would probably be different than the standards that would
phasis added.)
apply in areas where eight million people are jammed to-
In other words, the Secretary assumes veto power over
gether.
I don't think that you can set standards for the
the economic and social development plans of the States.
United States. You have to draw standards in the highly
To implement this standard of nondegradation of pres-
industrialized areas of this country which would be differ-
ent water, the Secretary went on to establish a standard in
ent than standards, as I say, in the lobster beds, shellfish
the area known technically as "effluent control." The Sec-
beds, trout streams, or affecting the fishing industry-you
retary said:
would have to have different standards. So you have to
This will require that any industrial, public, or private
maintain a degree of flexibility.
project or development which would constitute a new source
Another aspect of the standard-setting discussion was
of pollution or an increased source of pollution to high qual-
presented by Eugene D. Eaton, a Resources Program spe-
ity waters will be required, as part of the initial project de-
cialist in the Office of the Secretary of the Interior:
sign, to provide for the highest and best degree of waste
Theoretically, water quality standards might be set so
treatment available under existing technology, and since
that there would not be any discharge of any amount what-
these are also Federal standards, these waste treatment re-
soever of the offending substances. Desirable as this might
quirements will be developed cooperatively.
be from the point of view of water purity, it is hardly a
In sum, these provisions mean that the Secretary has
realistic approach in our highly urbanized society.
set a standard that provides that water quality must be at
To be practical, in many cases, it may be necessary to
the present, or better, level, and that the Department of
formulate the standards in relation to
such things as
the Interior will supervise the requirements that must be
the rate and volume of flow and the chemical and physical
met in the construction of any waste treatment plants by
characteristics of the receiving waters.
any new industries.
The opinion by Covington and Burling pointed out that
National Nondegradation Standard
"such a 'nondegradation' standard cannot be justified un-
All of the States have now set their water standards
der the provisions of the Act."
and formulated plans and submitted them to the Secretary
It pointed out that State authorities, in adopting water
of the Interior for approval.
quality standards, must consider on the basis of the evi-
These standards have been set on the basis of the use
dence presented at public hearings three possible alterna-
to which the water shall be put, in accord with the prin-
tives:
ciples outlined by Secretary Celebrezze.
1) Should the quality of the water be improved in order
Although Secretary of the Interior Udall has announced
to permit uses not now possible?
approval of some 35 State plans, he has made it clear that
2) Should the standards reflect existing level of water
such approval is conditional on their meeting several ad-
quality because it satisfactorily accounts for desired uses
ditional demands.
and values of the stream?
These demands are rooted in a new interpretation of the
law issued on February 8 by the Secretary, and are the
3) Should standards be set at levels below the existing
basic cause of the controversy. The interpretation does not
quality in order to accommodate uses and values of impor-
tance to the citizens of the State and consistent with the
use the general water quality measurement standard of so
purposes of the Act?
"many parts per million," but it, in effect, imposes a na-
It added:
tional standard-a standard, moreover, that permits con-
trol over the economic and social development of any State
A nondegradation standard would in effect override any
by control over water quality.
stream standard in this last category, for it would purport
to require a water quality level above that specified in the
This standard is known in technical terms as "nondeg-
standard. There is no basis in the Act for the Secretary sum-
radation." It says that regardless of the use and present
marily to disregard the decision of the State authorities, and
quality of the water in a river or stream, no standard can
to impose a general requirement unrelated to the hearing
be set that lowers existing water quality.
evidence.
The Secretary justifies his standards on the grounds that
Federal intervention in States' water pollution control pro-
the general purpose of the Act is to "protect the public
grams.
health or welfare, enhance the quality of water and serve
the purposes of the Act."
The Importance of the Issue
Such a narrow reading, it is pointed out, nullifies the
The question as to the respective roles of the State and
specific requirement that the Secretary and the States take
the Federal Government in setting water quality standards
into consideration in setting standards the "use and value
based on use is not basically a question of prestige or
for public water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife,
bruised ego.
recreational purposes, and agricultural, industrial, and
The importance of the issue lies, rather, in the fact that
other legitimate uses."
water quality standards are directly related to water re-
The Act, moreover, carefully prescribes the role of the
sources planning and, as a result, to economic develop-
Secretary in the establishment and enforcement of water
ment.
quality standards, limiting his authority to the approval of
The principal objection to the bill as originally intro-
State standards, the promulgation of standards if State
duced was, in the words of Senator John S. Cooper (R-
standards are not consistent with the Act, and the initia-
Ky.), that it gave the Secretary "a power which
is not
tion of court enforcement proceedings. He has no statutory
matched, in my opinion, by the power of any other official
authority to require prior Federal approval of discharges
of the Federal Government."
into a stream or the nature of the treatment facilities that
He said:
must be used.
It is a power which would enable the Secretary to de-
The Covington and Burling opinion concluded:
termine what portion of a stream should be set aside for
industry, what portion should be used for agricultural pur-
the requirement that new or increased pollution of
"high quality waters" can be permitted only if the installa-
poses, what portion for recreation, and what portion for
tion will have the highest and best degree of waste treat-
the development of fish and wildlife, and for such other
uses as he may determine.
ment available under existing technology is an attempt to
impose a degree of treatment that is inconsistent with the
Witness after witness was obviously afraid that machin-
enforcement tests of "practicability" and "physical and
ery was being set up that would permit some future Secre-
economic feasibility."
tary to dictate the use of a State's water resources and
A treatment method that is technically available may
thereby guide the State's economic development under
well be impracticable and totally unfeasible economically.
centralized planning.
Under any circumstances, a violation of the Act must be
They urged that amendments be written into the pro-
predicated on discharge that reduces the quality of the re-
posal that would assure the people in a given region or
ceiving waters below the stream standard, and not on any
water basin an authoritative voice in the decisions that
failure to install any particular type of degree of treatment
are made on the use of its water.
facility.
The bill was amended prior to passage in the obvious
State Reaction
belief that the States were retaining that voice.
The sharp reaction to the Secretary's actions is epito-
In adopting his nondegradation policy and policies on
mized in a resolution adopted by the Western Governors
effluent control plants, however, the Secretary has, in effect,
on May 18 of this year.
seized the power that Congress did not give him over
Referring to the "confusion and friction resulting from
economic and social development.
the present course of affairs that can end only in acrimo-
Effect on Other Legislation
nious litigation," a delay in the implementation of water
quality programs, and "a serious deterioration of Federal-
As important as the water quality standards may be,
State relations," the resolution said in part:
however, the important lesson lies in the application of the
experience to proposed legislation in other fields where the
WHEREAS, recent efforts of the Secretary of the Inte-
rior have been to obtain State adoption of water quality
same "time-limit" technique is proposed.
standards which go beyond the uses for which particular
James Watt, Secretary of the Chamber's Natural Re-
water bodies are intended, and beyond acceptable stream
sources Committee, told the Chairman of the Senate In-
standards for those water bodies;
terior and Insular Affairs Committee, while commenting
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the West-
on a similar proposal to impose standards on surface
ern Governors' Conference that the States be urged to stand
mining:
together in adherence to and defense of water quality stand-
Based upon the experiences the States are now having
ards made pursuant to proper legal process, and which take
with the Department of Interior in submitting (water qual-
into account the uses and values of particular waters to
ity) plans for the Secretary's approval, it is apparent that
serve the social and economic needs of local populations,
more restrictive guidelines must be included in any legis-
as determined by appropriate State authorities, and to stand
lation if the intent of Congress is to be properly reflected
together in their rejection of improper and unauthorized
in the administration of such legislation.
IN CONGRESS
HOUSING
SPENDING-TAXES
Congressional approval of comprehen-
Chairman Wilbur Mills (D-Ark.)
sive Federal housing legislation has moved
of the House Ways and Means Committee, says
closer with Senate approval, 67-4, of S.
that he expects the Conference Report on the
3497. The House is expected to have its
proposed spending reduction-tax increase bill
bill, H.R. 15624, ready for floor action
to be brought to the House floor on June 12
late in June.
or 13. (H.R. 15414) The House Rules Com-
As approved by the Senate, which reject-
mittee will consider the measure on June 11.
ed all major moves to reduce the scope and
funds included in the measure, the three-
Chairman Mills' remarks were made
year, $5.2 billion authorization bill was
following rejection by the House of a motion
described by Senator John Sparkman (D-Ala.),
by Rep. Burke (D-Mass.) to trim the required
Chairman of the Senate Banking and Currency
budget cut in the bill from the present pro-
Committee, as "the most comprehensive housing
posed $6 billion to $4 billion. The motion
and urban development bill" his Committee
was defeated 137-259.
has brought to the Senate floor.
Meanwhile, Winton M. Blount, President
The bill provides:
of the Chamber of Commerce, in an open letter
-- Subsidies for mortgage-interest pay-
to businessmen urged support of the bill.
ments of families earning from $2,500 to
$6,800 annually, with the income levels be-
Pointing out the many and varied pro-
ing increased $300 for each child.
blems created by the Nation's "fiscal crisis,"
Mr. Blount said:
-- Expansion of existing Government
rent-aid programs through a mortgage-interest
"This is not the time, however, to
rate subsidy to nonprofit organizations pro-
seek reasons for opposing H.R. 15414.
viding new or rehabilitated apartment units
"It is not a perfect bill, nor a per-
to lower-income families.
manent solution of our fiscal problems. It
Establishment of a National Housing
is a compromise. Almost anyone can find
Corporation to try to attract private funds
some features that he would oppose; certainly
into slum-renewal projects.
the National Chamber does.
Establishment of a new National
"Despite this, it is time to recognize
Insurance Development Corporation to provide
that the bill, whatever its shortcomings,
reinsurance to cover excessive property
does provide for cutting the 1969 deficit to
damage in ghetto areas.
a more manageable, less inflationary level
-- Establishment of a flood insurance
-- and to understand that its passage is in
Federal fund.
the national interest.
Changes in the operation and owner-
"It is on that basis that I come to
ship of the Federal National Mortgage
you to ask your active assistance in urging
Association. (Fannie Mae)
prompt enactment of H.R. 15414. Unless the
Federal guarantees for bonds or
business community shows its concern about
other debt obligations of developers of
the economic crisis facing this country and
"New Towns."
its willingness to pay the price for helping
-- The bill also includes funds for
restore our national fiscal integrity, it
urban renewal, Model Cities, mass transit
is entirely possible that this corrective
aid, and public housing.
legislation will not be passed. "I believe
The House bill varies in some parti-
the Nation's businessmen care enough for the
culars from the Senate version, and its
well-being of this country to insist upon
passage through the House is not expected
prompt Congressional enactment of H.R.
15414."
to be quite as smooth as the Senate action
-- where the bill was passed in only three
He asked, therefore, that businessmen
days. More amendments are expected to be
make a personal appeal to their Congressman
offered and the voting on them is likely
and Senators to approve the bill to help
to be more evenly divided than in the
"restore order to the national economy."
Senate.
RENEGOTIATION ACT
Reliable reports indicate the much-
Because the present Act
revised bill will follow the formula of the
expires June 30, the Senate Finance Committee
Federal Metal and Non-Metallic Mine Act,
is expected to consider soon the House-passed
passed in 1966, which, essentially, autho-
Renegotiation Act (H.R. 17324).
rizes the Secretary of the Interior with the
Under the Act, the Renegotiation Board
aid of advisory committees to establish Fed-
has the power to order certain contractors to
eral safety standards.
repay any profits the Board feels were ex-
Similarly, it is understood, the bill
cessive. The contractor may petition the Tax
will provide for industry by industry ad-
Court for a redetermination of the Board's
visory committees to aid the Secretary of
findings; however, the burden is on him to
Labor in establishing Federal safety and
prove the Board is in error.
health standards.
The Act applies to contracts with
various defense-oriented departments or agen-
ANTI-CRIME LEGISLATION
cies and covers selected contracts dealing
Chairman Emmanuel
with standard commercial articles and services,
Celler of the House Judiciary Committee has
as well as various raw commodities. Certain
served notice that he will try to block the
classes of contractors (e.g., states, politi-
amendments to the omnibus crime bill that
cal subdivisions, and tax-exempt organiza-
were added by the Senate. Rep. Celler will
tions) do not come within the scope of the
be the senior conferee on the Conference
Act.
Committee that will try to iron out differ-
H.R. 17324 proposes to extend the Act
ences in the two versions.
for three years and would narrow the appli-
The bill (H.R. 5037), as passed by the
cation to the exemption for standard commer-
House and as requested by the Administration
cial articles and services. The exemptions
was essentially a program of grants to up-
would be limited as follows:
grade local police forces. The Senate added
controversial amendments that would (1) over-
1) The level of nongovernmental sales
of an item during the fiscal year would have
turn recent Supreme Court decisions on ad-
to be at least 50% of the contractor's sales
missibility of voluntary confessions and
of the item. Presently the level is 35%,
eye-witness testimony; (2) permit Federal,
and sales to nondefense governmental units
state and local law officers, acting on
are included in this figure.
court authority, to use wiretapping to ob-
2) The goods would have to be offered
tain information in cases ranging from trea-
to the Government and the public at the same
son to murder, to kidnapping and robbery;
unit price with the same delivery date.
(3) prohibit interstate mail order sales of
3) The exemption for sales of a standard
handguns and impose a similar ban on over-
commercial article would no longer be self-
the-counter sales of such handguns to non-
executing where such exemption is the sole
residents of a state and to minors.
basis for the contractor not being required
AGRICULTURE
to file with the Board. In other words,
The fate of the proposed legis-
many manufacturers who apply the commercial
article exemption would be required to report
lation (H.R. 17126) which would extend the
to the Board and explain their reasons for
current price support and other farm pro-
using the exemption.
grams for another year remains uncertain,
following failure of the House Rules Com-
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
mittee to grant the measure a rule.
The Select
Although current law continues the
Subcommittee on Labor has finished marking
present programs through the 1970 crop year,
up the Occupational Safety and Health bill
the House Agriculture Committee and the Agri-
culture Department has recommended an ex-
(H. R. 14816) and ordered it reported to
tension to eliminate any uncertainity for
the full House Education and Labor Committee.
Rapid action is expected by the full Com-
farmers as they prepare crop plantings.
Republicans, and others have suggested
mittee in order to get the bill to the Rules
that action be delayed until early next
Committee before July 8. A clean bill, with
a new number will probably be reported.
year so as to permit a new Administration
to recommend any desired changes.
OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
the Poultry Inspection bill, but it has not
The President has signed
yet been brought to the House floor. The
into law the controversial "Truth-in-Lending"
measure provides a Federal-State poultry
bill (S. 5), which requires that anyone who
plant inspection system for intra-state
borrows money or buys on credit must be
plants similar to the meat inspection bill
told the cost of the credit in annual inter-
passed last year.
est rate terms as well as in dollars-and-
The House Banking and Currency Com-
cents. The bill also restricts garnishment
mittee has reported out H.R. 16162, which
of wages, and includes a section designed to
would allocate $500 million of Export-Import
curb sharp practices in the home improvement
Bank funds to facilitate loans, guarantees and
industry
Sen. Muskie (D-Me.), Chairman of
insurance on export transactions which can-
the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution
not meet the test of reasonable assurance
of the Senate Public Works Committee, has
of repayment as provided in the Bank's
announced that the Committee will not take
charter, but can be considered feasible
up this year, S. 1646, which is a massive
arrangements to help improve the balance of
Federal grant program to aid communities to
payments
A somewhat different version
construct solid waste disposal facilities.
(S. 3218) is on the Senate calendar
He said the hearings will await an Admini-
A five-point Administration program to
stration study of the problems. His com-
expand foreign trade has been introduced as
mittee is, however, considering S. 3201,
H.R. 17551, by Rep. Mills (D-Ark.), whose
which extends for one year a Federal aid pro-
Ways and Means Committee will start broad-
gram to help states and interstate groups
scale hearings on the subject June 4.
carry on research in solid waste disposal
Among other things, the bill would extend
On May 22, the President signed S.J. Res.
the President's authority to lower tariffs
129, which provides for a comprehensive
through negotiations through June 30, 1970,
study of automobile insurance. The study
and revamp the Government's program to aid
will be conducted by the Secretary of Trans-
industries injured by imports. The Presi-
portation over a two-year period
The
dent opposed any proposals to erect trade
House has passed an amendment to Title I of
barriers
the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act
Observers are pessimistic about the
which earmarks some 35%-40% of the receipts
chances of the House-passed interstate tax-
from the Outer Continental Shelf Act of 1953
ation bill (H.R. 2158) in the Senate Fin-
for the Fund
Sen. Magnuson (D-Wash.) has
ance Committee. Before passage, 284-89,
introduced S. 3547 that would give the HEW
the bill which is designed to bring more
Secretary authority to establish minimum
uniformity into business taxation by various
safety standards for the packaging of house-
states was amended so as to prevent double
hold products and products for personal care
taxation of an individual's income
which the Secretary determined were toxic
Senator Everett Dirksen (R-I11.) has labeled
if taken internally. The packaging would
the proposal to expand the powers of the
have to be "child-resistant."
Meanwhile,
EEOC (S. 3465), "one of the most offensive
the Senate Commerce Committee has reported
pieces of legislation that could come before
out two other bills of the Senator. S.J.
Congress." He predicted a bi-partisan
Res. 130 would direct the FTC to conduct a
filibuster
three-year, $900,000 investigation of the
The Senate Commerce Committee has
home improvement industry. S. 3065 would
ordered reported a resolution that would
permit the FTC to obtain temporary injunctions
clear the way for television debates among
to stop unfair and deceptive practices
major candidates for the Presidency by
House Rules has granted a rule to H.R. 16363,
suspending the present "equal time" require-
ment
HERE'S THE ISSUE
State Standards or Federal Standards?
MAY 31, 1968
Recommendations by
Rep. Don Clausen
Today, we stand at a crossroads. On one path, we can have
more of the same. We can follow the unsuccessful programs of
the past into more of the same kinds of programs into a more
critical and threatening future.
Or, we can learn from the failures of the past. We can take
a new path by redirecting our effort into new ideas and programs.
We must motivate our greatest resource the human resource
to new heights of self improvement by giving our people onpor-
tunity. We must motivate our greatest source of wealth private
enterprise---into being a greater benefit to all of us by giving
it incentive.
And we must improve our nation into a better place to live,
work and play by providing the fullest development of our land
and water resources to their greatest public benefit. This is
the path we must take.
This new path, away from the mistakes and failures of the
past, is the direction of the future. And we must have a change
in leadership to do it all up and down the line. Not just
in the White House, but in the Congress, too, where the stamp
of partisan approval has been given to White House proposals.
In the Republican Party platform, we call for a revitali-
zation of rural America. An expanding population and increasing
material wealth require new public concern for the quality of
our environment.
I ask you, where is the healthiest and finest place for
our expanding population- in the cities or in our rural areas?
I think the answer is clear. We must direct a major portion
of our efforts toward preparation for this wave of the future.
-2-
If we provide the needed public works such as highways,
water and sewer systems. If we provide the protection from natural
disasters such as floods, hurricanes and landslides. If we build
the dams to provide flood control and provide water, we will also
provide water-based recreation never before available in many of
these rural areas.
We must also improve education and vocational training. And
if we do all of this while protecting and even enhancing our
natural beauty, then we will have created an atmosphere to attract
industry. We are accomplishing this very purpose in many areas
of the nation right now.
With new industry moving into the rural areas, we will have
created a positive program of decentralization. Not only will
these rural areas be new opportunities for a good, productive
life, for people in these areas, but they will attract from
the city ghettoes those who seek opportunity.
Resource conservation and develonment is one of the keys
to this program of revitalization and decentralization. But what
have we now? Our present administration is delaying 80% of our
flood control and water conservation program while discredited
Great Society programs continue with a higher priority.
During the past four years, practically every section of the
United States suffered from either too little or too much water.
Many of those which have water find it polluted.
My point is that the national priorities must be re-evaluated.
While we give close and priority attention to the problems of
the cities with improved programs, we should also look to this
positive program of decentralization as a partial solution.
-3-
Water conservation, flood control, pollution abatement,
recreation, fish and wildlife mitigation and enhancement and
preservation of our natural beauty will attract people and industry.
A scheduled, dependable program is needed to do this -- not an
80% cutback.
Another factor to be considered is a realistic improvement of
methods by which our public works projects are evaluated. Water
is wealth. And all of the benefits of projects to control and
conserve water should be included in determining their justification.
It is proper that the Congress should have a broader voice in
the recommendations for improving the establishing of criteria
used in determining the cost/benfit ratio of projects. I would
encourage the proper committees of both the House and Senate to
hold hearings in the field and in Washington to make a full deter-
mination of what is required to more properly reflect the benefits,
both primary and secondary, that accrue to the people of the nation
as a result of the completion of recommended projects.
Only when this is accurately done can we eliminate the so-
called "pork barrel" projects and concentrate our attention on
truly beneficial projects.
Over the years, many sections of this country have been
stricken with devastating floods, hurricanes, tidal waves and
other natural disasters.
While strong bi-partisan support has been given to the
improvement of Disaster Relief and Flood Insurance programs, a
great deal needs to be done to accelerate the construction of
much needed flood control and protective works.
Millions of dollars are spent annually after floods occur--
in rehabilitation and recovery efforts -- after the fact.
What is really required is a well coordinated, systematic
and positive plan of water conservation and flood control for
those areas of the country that are constantly plagued with
this problem. These same areas will continue to be restricted
from developing their full economic potential unless and until
permanent relief and security from ravaging floods is provided.
This great land of opportunity can expand opportunities
with the proper recognition being given to this type of public
expenditure priority.
We must recognize that water is wealth. The untanned and
unharnessed water resources, properly developed and diverted
can add immeasurably to the gross national product, the economic
and tax base of counties and our states. In my own State of
California, and our neighboring states, we have seen arid lands
converted into rich agricultural productive lands, by simply
getting water to it.
-2-
The same is true in other sections of the country where
water conservation projects are in place.
With this in mind, it is my strongly held opinion that
water conservation, flood control, irrigation and similar pro-
grams must be given a much higher priority in our budgeting
process.
While other budget items have risen over the years, water
development, with all of its multiple-purpose benefits of
water supply, irrigation, recreation, fishing, etc., have been
kept at a comparative snails' pace, postponed, delayed or
"studied to death", waiting to be given the needed high place
on our public expenditure list of priorities.
In too many cases, excellent projects have taken nearly
10 years from the introduced resolution date to construction.
This is ridiculous and cannot be tolerated.
These expenditures, properly screened and evaluated, can
provide tremendous interim benefits. Many jobs are created
during the construction stage, materials are purchased and the
wages paid tends to inject new monies into the economy of the
loal area.
But once the project is in place, the benefits to a given
area then really start to mount.
Security from flood damage immediately adds land value
enhancement. The recreational potential usually stimulates
broader land usage. Small enterprises, recreation or water
oriented, tend to "spring up". All of these will substantially
add to the localgovernment and community's economic and tax base.
-3-
Throughout the years, inadequate attention has been given
to the retention and recognition of other values associated
with water resource conservation programs. - These are so-
called secondary benefits that have too little consideration in
our established benefit to cost ratio criteria.
When considering the extraordinary benefits that accrue to
people and the environment in which they live, it is very dis-
turbing to see how little attention has been given to them.
In the immediate future, the Congress and the Executive
Branch must take the lead in coordinating a program that will
provide a full inventory of our water resources.
1. We must adopt the phrase "clean and clear water" and
advance it as our National goal. The unanimously passed
Water Qualify Act, authorization must keep pace with the
developing problems and be funded on a more realistic
schedule. A better coordinated pollution abatement program
between the communities, industry, state and federal govern-
ments using, efficiently, the appropriations process for
public sector responsibilities and tax credits or in-
centives to motivate private sector participation.
But, above all, each should be brought to realize their
respective obligations, to society, for improving the
environmental conditions in which we live.
The future environment for living can and must take on
new dimensions of interest.
-4-
2. In recommending water programs, provisions must be
made for full protection, mitigation and enchancement
of our fish and wildlife resources. Preservation and
propagation of fishery resources in the streams and
tributaries must be considered to handle the additional
pressures brought on by increased population and usage.
3. Maintenance of stream flows must be guaranteed with
supplemental fish hatchery facilities provided on a
shared basis with states and local governments.
4. Scenic and wild rivers must be preserved in a
balanced inventory and utilization of our overall water
resource potential.
5. Policies, that will encourage private investment for
facility development and land development, in areas
contiguous to reservoir sites, must be established on a
well coordinated basis that protects both the private
and public interests involved.
6. Areas must be set aside for the retention of the
natural wildlife habitat.
7. In programs where diversion and water export to other
areas are involved, full guarantee for existing and future
water needs in the "areas of origin" must become the
accepted law of the land.
8. Substantially more recognition must be given to the
retention of esthetic values in all flood control projects.
A dollar value must be included as an increment in
establishing economic criteria.
-5-
9. The currently used documents for determining benefit
to cost ratio criteria are grossly out-dated and, in
fact, "archaic". There are many benefits that accrue to
a project or an area that are not included, thereby
jeopardizing the orderly advancement of many beneficial
projects.
10. The people living in urban America must better under-
stand the benefits that will accrue to them through building
more opportunities for "country living" in Countryside U.S.A.
Once told the full story, they will be supporting their
rural colleagues' efforts to improve their areas' "environ-
ment for future living".
But in addition to all the above factors, America and our
people, must remember the words of Daniel Webster that appear
on a plaque in the Chambers of the U. S. House of Representatives - -
"Let us develop the resources of our land, call forth
its powers, build up its institutions, promote all
its great interests, and see whether we, also, in our
day and generation, may not perform something worthy
to be remembered".
Not only must we consider the benefits to our people here
at home, but we must realize, fully, how other developing
countries of the world tend to follow the examples set here
in the United States.
-6-
Once again, we have an opportunity to prove by deed,
not just words, that America does place emphasis on exploiting
natural resources in her attempt to help people. Our insti-
tutions and organizations are dedicated to putting together
the talents of our human resources and the channeling of our
financial resources to develop our natural resources for the
mutual benefit of mankind.
With the primary and potential trouble spots of the world
being in South East Asia and the Middle East, we must show
these areas that what we are recommending here at home can be
dramatically implemented abroad.
The Mekong River has some 400 million acre feet of water
pouring into its delta in Vietnam. A comprehensive and coordi-
nated water development plan should be recognized as one of
the keys to regional economic cooperation among the countries
of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.
President Eisenhower's plan for desalinization for irri-
gation and water development of the Middle East countries that
will turn "deserts into gardens", thus demonstrating to a
hungry people the far-reaching benefits of regional cooperation,
of working together to help each other, rather than fighting
each other.
Our International purpose will be judged by our domestic
performance.
- -7-
We cannot put off until tomorrow what must be done today.
Delays are too costly -- in increased construction costs, in
continuing insecurity, in loss of lives and property, in
providing maximum benefits through multiple use and purposes
for people.
We must seek more opportunities for economic initiatives
-- a balanced water resource development program in every
section of America will yield untapped benefits to her peonle.
Through this means we can get city and country folks back
on the same wave length - - talking and working together --
one Nation, indivisible, with liberty, justice, and opportunity
for all. Let's move forward and develop, responsibly, the
resources of our land. Yesterday was too late!
A.100
063X
ONLIX
outx
PLIX
MARK O. HATFIELD
OREGON
Mnited States Senate
WASHINGTON, D.C.
September 24, 1968
Dear Dick:
This letter is to add specific details to my proposal
to you of September 5 for a positive program for water
resource development as a Key Issue in the campaign.
This program could be embodied in a hard-hitting speech
given in late October and furnished to the Republican
Senate and House candidates and to all communications
media in every section of the country in which there is
a local problem or potential in water resources develop-
ment.
Generally speaking, government policies concerning the
conservation of natural resources are in many cases be-
coming nonpartisan to the extent where criticism is not
the general rule. The exception is where criticism is
indefensible.
In my opinion, the Johnson Administration's manipulations
in delaying the nation's development program of dams and
reservoirs for water storage is indefensible as it is
crippling one of the basic programs that makes our national
economy strong.
The impact of the present Administration's deferral and
stretch-out program of water resource developments won't
be fully comprehensible to the general public until
after the next President takes office. In other words,
this pinching off of the pipeline of public works spending
will begin to be felt in 1970. MANY REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES
WILL SUFFER IN THE 1970 ELECTIONS. As this letter will
develop in facts, the severe cubback in the Army Engineers'
program, that I am aware of, is increasing the backlog of
construction and funding requirements to a point where the
consequences can be tragic in some areas of the country,
to say nothing of the increases in construction costs that
will come from the delays.
OUD
ONLIX
ONJX
ONLIX
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
September 24, 1968
Page Two
The theme of the 1968 Democratic plank is for an
acceleration in water resource development. The incon-
gruity of the situation can be seen when one realizes
that the standardbearer of that plank was apparently
agreeing with a program for acceleration when at the
very same time, and only a few feet away, others in the
same Administration were cutting the existing program
to an unprecedented low.
My proposal is not one of acceleration beyond the normal
annual schedule, but one of restoring the program to its
former schedule. Such a restoration is not only in the
national interest, it is an incumbency of ours.
In order to speak in more specific terms, I had a cursory
examination made of the Army Engineers fiscal 1969 pro-
gram and budget for the North Pacific Division, which in-
cludes Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, and parts
of Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada.
In summary, and in round figures, the North Pacific Divis-
ion was allotted roughly one-half of the funds it recom-
mended to keep its overall program on schedule.
The North Pacific Division recommended $377 million. The
Bureau of the Budget ceiling lowered the total to $280
million. Congress appropriated $273 million, and the
actual allotment was $195 million.
While the foregoing is an example of what has already
happened, the key to what is going to happen in this one
Corps of Engineers Division in the years to come is
clearly seen in the allotment of funds in fiscal 1969 for
new starts.
The North Pacific Division recommended $5.6 million of new
construction and planning starts in fiscal 1969, but was
allotted only $340,000, or 6 percent of the amount recom-
mended. This decrease in new starts has increased the
backlog of active authorized projects not yet under con-
struction in the North Pacific Division to $737 million.
An insight into what is going to happen in the future to
the Corps of Engineers water development program nationwide
ONLIX
ONLIX
on
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
September 24, 1968
Page Three
is quickly seen in the Chief of Engineers' answers to
a question at a House hearing on March 6, 1968. The
question inquired as to how the total cost of new starts
now planned for fiscal year 1969 compares with the aver-
age of the cost of new starts over the last five years.
General Cassidy, the Chief of Engineers, answered:
"For the last 5 years, the new starts have
averaged about $1 billion a year in the total
cost of the projects started at that time.
For the last 2 years this has dropped down to
somewhat under $200 million.
11
General Cassidy's statement can be interpreted to say
that 80 percent of the Corps of Engineers average annual
program is now being pushed into backlog under the pres-
ent cutback and deferral system.
From the Chief of Engineers' statement, it is obvious
that the dollar value of the total of new starts each
year should be equal to the average annual program, if
the overall program is to be maintained.
The need to restore this national program to its normal
and average annual balance is apparent when we recall
that during the past four years practically every section
of the United States suffered from either too little or
too much water. During this same period, the national
media discussed in detail a water crisis in the country,
and during the same period throughout the country there
was voiced alarm over polluted water.
In my own state, we experienced the most devastating
floods in Oregon's history in 1964 and 1965, yet construc-
tion on only one of eight authorized dam and reservoir
projects for flood control has been initiated, and most
have been authorized for construction since 1962.
The present Administration's cutback and deferral program
is also nullifying the full effectiveness of some dam and
reservoir projects now under construction or modification
on the Columbia River system.
The Administration's deferral of funding for the start on
modification of Bonneville Dam for hydroelectric peaking
OUJX
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
September 24, 1968
Page Four
power means that peaking flows at the two dams next up
river cannot be fully utilized as the full peaking flows
from up river would allow more flow downstream than
Bonneville Dam could handle. Until Bonneville Dam is
modified, these additional peaking flows up river will
have to be stopped, otherwise there can be extensive
damage to the fish runs.
The Bonneville Power Administration's advance program
clearly indicates critical hydroelectric conditions in
the Pacific Northwest in the early 1970's, and in the
face of this prediction Lower Granit Dam and Reservoir,
one of the system's large flood control and electric.
energy producing projects sits for three years with only
a cofferdam in the river, the main dam construction await-
ing a let-up in the freeze on funds.
On the basis of the examples touched upon in this letter,
a more detailed review of the Corps of Engineers' nation-
wide program might well reveal situations worse than out-
lined herein.
The first move that I feel is required to adequately
expose the current direction of the national water re-
source development programs, and one to be used in its
redirection, is a prompt undertaking of competent and
cautious inquiry into the following federal programs and
budgets:
1. A more complete inquiry into all ten of
the Corps of Engineers Division programs
and budgets in the United States similar
to the cursory inquiry of the North Pacific
Division.
2. A concurrent and similar inquiry into the
Bureau of Reclamation's water resource
development programs and budget and into
the Department of the Interior's water
pollution programs and budgets.
3. An inquiry into the Economic Development
Administration programs and fundings to
determine if there are areas where that
Administration has granted funds or made
ONLIX
OU.IX
ON IX
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
September 24, 1968
Page Five
soft loans to enhance an area's economy
while soundly based and economically
justifiable and authorized water resource
projects are being cut back in the same
area.
All of these inquiries can be based on historical data
which should be a matter of public record. Since the
Corps of Engineers' budget is the largest in this field,
the emphasis should be on its programs. A visit to each
Corps of Engineer Division would ensure the obtaining of
factual data and regional feelings as well as presenting
the opportunity to inquire into any marginal cost-benefit
ratios on authorized projects which should not be alluded
to directly.
The findings of all inquiries could be brought together
into an appropriate draft of a speech to be given in late
October. It would seem preferable to deliver such a
speech on a Saturday so that copies of the speech under
your cover letter requesting further local dissemination
of data could be in the hands of Republican candidates
and the media on Monday morning. This timing would allow
fairly current material for the rural weekly newspapers.
The copies to candidates could also include additional
data sheets on items of particular interest in their
areas.
The candidate and media effort should be directed at
areas in which water resource problems or potentials are
of greatest local concern. The implementing of the pro-
gram proposed here would require as a minimum:
1. A Congressional contact who could officially
request the cooperation of the federal agen-
cies involved and provide access for researchers.
2. A program coordinator who could also handle
the Corps of Engineers research activities and
draft all findings into speech and letter form.
3. A researcher acquainted with the Washington
scene who could obtain the necessary informa-
tion from the Department of the Interior and
the Economic Development Administration.
ONLIX
OUJX
OHLIE
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
September 24, 1968
Page Six
4. A campaign staffer who could outline and
coordinate rapid transferral of data and
follow-up for state and congressional
candidates.
5. The clerical assistance required to prepare,
reproduce, and mail all materials.
It goes without saying that Republican members of the
Congressional committees and their staffs involved with
the programs and budgets under discussion could offer
substantial advice in the formation of the planning
beyond that outlined herein. If there is anything fur-
ther that I can add, please feel free to call on me.
My best to you,
Ima
Mark 0. Hatfield
United States Senator
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
450 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022
MOH:a
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1967 / First Session - 1968 / Second Session
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