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This file contains:
From: Ellsworth. Re: Notes for Godfrey Sperlings "Breakfast Backgrounder". 3 pages. [Memo], 6/20/1968
What Happened. Where We Are Now. What Happens Next. 9 pages. [Memo], n.d.
An Address by Richard M. Nixon on the NBC Radio Network. 4 pages. [Memo], 3/7/1968
To: Leonard Garment. From: John Maddox. Re: "The Negro Vote" and "The "Independent" Vote." 3 pages. [Memo], 6/11/1968
Youth For Nixon Victory Progress Report. May 1968. [Newsletter], n.d.
From: Pat Hillings. Re: Los Angeles, CA Polls. 2 pages. [Memo], 5/20/1968
Rockefeller Still Best Candidate for Republicans. By Don M Muchmore for the Los Angeles Times. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 5/21/1968
Nixon Remains First Choice of Republicans. By Don M Muchmore for the Los Angeles Times. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 5/20/1968
Telegram: Richard Nixons Campaign in Primary States are favorable. [Other Document], n.d.
To: Mitchell and Haldeman. From: Flanigan. Re: Free Enterprise Committee for Nixon. [Memo], 6/17/1968
To: Mitchell and Haldeman. From: Flanigan. Re: Telephone Program. [Memo], 6/17/1968
Nixon: Key to Victory. [Brochure], n.d.
RFK- In Sorrow and Shame. By Murray Kempton for unknown newspaper. [Newspaper], n.d.
Nixon's The One. Oversized- Not scanned. [Brochure], n.d.
From: Wm. Dowd. Re: Campaign Film For TV Spot Use, Using Law Students. [Memo], 6/7/1968
To: Tome Evans. From: Mort Allin. Re: Youth For Nixon- Past & Future. 10 pages. [Memo], 6/2/1968
Nixon's The One Campaign Materials Catalog 1968. Not scanned. [Brochure], n.d.
To: Len. Re: Automobile Safety and Insurance. [Letter], n.d.
October 1968 Calender. [Other Document], n.d.
November 1968 Calender. [Other Document], n.d.
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26127104
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WHSF: Returned, 40-5
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26127104
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WHSF: Returned, 40-5
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This file contains:
From: Ellsworth. Re: Notes for Godfrey Sperlings "Breakfast Backgrounder". 3 pages. [Memo], 6/20/1968
What Happened. Where We Are Now. What Happens Next. 9 pages. [Memo], n.d.
An Address by Richard M. Nixon on the NBC Radio Network. 4 pages. [Memo], 3/7/1968
To: Leonard Garment. From: John Maddox. Re: "The Negro Vote" and "The "Independent" Vote." 3 pages. [Memo], 6/11/1968
Youth For Nixon Victory Progress Report. May 1968. [Newsletter], n.d.
From: Pat Hillings. Re: Los Angeles, CA Polls. 2 pages. [Memo], 5/20/1968
Rockefeller Still Best Candidate for Republicans. By Don M Muchmore for the Los Angeles Times. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 5/21/1968
Nixon Remains First Choice of Republicans. By Don M Muchmore for the Los Angeles Times. Not scanned. [Newspaper], 5/20/1968
Telegram: Richard Nixons Campaign in Primary States are favorable. [Other Document], n.d.
To: Mitchell and Haldeman. From: Flanigan. Re: Free Enterprise Committee for Nixon. [Memo], 6/17/1968
To: Mitchell and Haldeman. From: Flanigan. Re: Telephone Program. [Memo], 6/17/1968
Nixon: Key to Victory. [Brochure], n.d.
RFK- In Sorrow and Shame. By Murray Kempton for unknown newspaper. [Newspaper], n.d.
Nixon's The One. Oversized- Not scanned. [Brochure], n.d.
From: Wm. Dowd. Re: Campaign Film For TV Spot Use, Using Law Students. [Memo], 6/7/1968
To: Tome Evans. From: Mort Allin. Re: Youth For Nixon- Past & Future. 10 pages. [Memo], 6/2/1968
Nixon's The One Campaign Materials Catalog 1968. Not scanned. [Brochure], n.d.
To: Len. Re: Automobile Safety and Insurance. [Letter], n.d.
October 1968 Calender. [Other Document], n.d.
November 1968 Calender. [Other Document], n.d.
citationUrl
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Richard M. Nixon's Returned Materials Collection
Returned White House Special Files
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This archival description was reviewed and not revised as part of the NARA reparative description initiative on March 4, 2024. The word “Negro” used in the Title was determined to be part of a creator-generated title. Original archival records have not been altered.
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Richard Nixon Presidential Library
White House Special Files Collection
Folder List
Box Number
Folder Number
Document Date
Document Type
Document Description
40
5
06/20/1968
Memo
From: Ellsworth. Re: Notes for Godfrey
Sperlings "Breakfast Backgrounder". 3 pages.
40
5
n.d.
Memo
What Happened. Where We Are Now. What
Happens Next. 9 pages.
40
5
03/07/1968
Memo
An Address by Richard M. Nixon on the
NBC Radio Network. 4 pages.
40
5
06/11/1968
Memo
To: Leonard Garment. From: John Maddox.
Re: The Negro and Independent Vote. 3
pages.
40
5
n.d.
Newsletter
Youth For Nixon Victory Progress Report.
May 1968.
40
5
05/20/1968
Memo
From: Pat Hillings. Re: Los Angeles, CA
Polls. 2 pages.
Friday, October 26, 2007
Page 1 of 3
Box Number Folder Number Document Date
Document Type
Document Description
40
5
05/21/1968
Newspaper
Rockefeller Still Best Candidate for
Republicans. By Don M Muchmore for the
Los Angeles Times. Not scanned.
40
5
05/20/1968
Newspaper
Nixon Remains First Choice of Republicans.
By Don M Muchmore for the Los Angeles
Times. Not scanned.
40
5
n.d.
Other Document
Telegram: Richar Nixons Campaign in
Primary States are favorable.
40
5
06/17/1968
Memo
To: Mitchell and Haldeman. From: Flanigan.
Re: Free Enterprise Committee for Nixon.
40
5
06/17/1968
Memo
To: Mitchell and Haldeman. From: Flanigan.
Re: Telephone Program.
40
5
n.d.
Brochure
Nixon: Key to Victory.
40
5
n.d.
Newspaper
RFK- In Sorrow and Shame. By Murray
Kempton for unknown newspaper.
Friday, October 26, 2007
Page 2 of 3
Box Number Folder Number Document Date
Document Type
Document Description
40
5
n.d.
Brochure
Nixon's The One. Oversized- Not scanned.
40
5
06/07/1968
Memo
From: Wm. Dowd. Re: Campaign Film For
TV Spot Use, Using Law Students.
40
5
06/02/1968
Memo
To: Tome Evans. From: Mort Allin. Re:
Youth For Nixon- Past & Future. 10 pages.
40
5
n.d.
Brochure
Nixon's The One Campaign Materials
Catalog 1968. Not scanned.
40
5
n.d.
Letter
To: Len. Re: Automobile Safety and
Insurance.
40
5
n.d.
Other Document
Ocotber 1968 Calender.
40
5
n.d.
Other Document
November 1968 Calender.
Friday, October 26, 2007
Page 3 of 3
June 20, 1968
MEMORANDUM
TO:
DC
Mitchell
Haldeman
L
Flanigan
Garment
Kleindienst
McWhorter
Sears
Klein
CC: Price, Buchanan
FROM:
Ellsworth
Here are the notes utilized in connection with
the Godfrey Sperling "breakfast backgrounder" of Thursday,
June 20. In addition, the Bachelder polls were distributed.
The difficult points in the give-and-take were:
(1) The Candidate's schedule. Where was he going?
When was he going there? My replies were limited to a
reiteration of the paragraph in the middle of page 5.
(2) The alleged contrast between a "moratorium"
and the substance of the paragraph in the middle of page 5
about moving through media and in personal appearances in
selected states. Was this in response to Rockefeller's
intensive campaign? In response to critical editorials?
My response was to emphasize the integral and organic theme
and to insist that it is simply a continuation of the general
election campaign which was started in late January.
-2-
(3) Vietnam. When was he going to start speaking
on Vietnam? Couldn't he say something that would favorably
affect the chances for success in the Paris negotiations?
How could he expect to appeal for votes to those who seek
a change in the policies of the Administration without in-
dicating both that he does represent a hope for change in
Vietnam policy and also indicating what direction those
changes will take? Had I seen Senator Brooke's thoughtful
and constructive speech of the day before yesterday which
could not help but have a. favorable effect on the negotiations?
My response was that Nixon had said repeatedly the President
is the only one in this country who has a chance to get an
honorable peace in Vietnam, and as long as that is the case,
he, Nixon, as a Presidential candidate, will not say or do
anything that might adversely affect the President's chances
on that score, and that, as a Presidential candidate, he is
in a different position from a Senator or editorial writer,
etc.
(4) Lily white Southern delegations. The question
was raised: How can Nixon avoid political embarrassment if
a very large number of his votes at the Convention come from
lily white Southern delegations -- and how can he pose as
the Candidate of reconciliation if he refuses to exert leader-
ship to get Negro representatives on the Convention delega-
tions from the Southern states?
-3-
My response was the delegates to the Republican
National Convention from all the Southern states (with one
possible exception) are selected in accordance with estab-
lished, local, Jemocratic procedures, working from the
grassroots level, up through precinct, county and district
conventions to the state level, and that it would be inap-
propriate for the Nixon organization to intervene in that
process -- that, by contrast, the delegates to the Demo-
cratic National Convention from all the Southern states
are appointed.
I stated that Nixon was not going to be embar-
rassed by any vote he received at the Convention or in the
general election in the fall.
NB: For your information, Callaway advises that
it now appears that only 2 of the Southern delegations --
Mississippi and Alabama -- will be lily white. (This is
for your information only and was not mentioned by me at
the backgrounder since it is not yet a fact).
In response to questions re Rockefeller Stragety,
I indicated that we are not reacting to Rockefeller in terms
of the delegate situation, but that we do have some concern
insofar as the anti-Nixon aspects of the Rockefeller campaign
are concerned, in terms of the damage that is being done for
November.
I. What has happened.
II. Where we are now.
III. What happens next.
I. What has happened.
A. Troubled nation:
LBJ abdication
King assassination
RFK assassination
- needs: reconciliation and stability.
B. Nixon: Stunning success in what has been a national
primary.
1. 10 states with 128 electoral votes.
Every geographical section of the country (by Gallup
groupings: East, Midwest, South, West) except the South.
All but one by 70% or over.
In the two states where NBC polled, Nixon got a sub-
stantially higher percentage of the vote than the polls said
he would.
The details:
NBC POLL
PRIMARY STATE
NIXON %
ACTUAL NIXON %
New Hamp.
73%
80%
Wisconsin
80%
Penn. (write-in)
80%
Mass. (write-in)
27%
Indiana
100% Nixon polled over 500,000 votes
Nebraska
70% which was a 20% increase over his
Oregon
55%
70% 1960 primary poll of 400,000 votes.)
N. Jersey (write-in)
80%
So. Dakota
100% Nixon got more votes than all the
Illinois (write-in)
72%
Democrats put together.)
-2-
2. The national character of the 1968 primarysis
seen in the fact that the size and quality of the primary
victories indicate Nixon general election wins in 21 states
with 225 electoral votes.
The specifics:
PRIMARY WIN
INDICATED NOV. WIN
ELECTORAL VOTES
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
4
Vermont
3
Maine
4
11
Indiana
Ohio
26
Illinois
Illinois
26
Kentucky
9
Michigan
21
Indiana
13
95
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
12
Nebraska
North Dakota
4
South Dakota
4
Nebraska
5
Iowa
9
Kansas
7
41
Oregon
Oregon
6
Washington
9
Idaho
4
19
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
29
New Jersey
New Jersey
17
Delaware
3
Maryland
10
59
225
This total does not include the states listed as Nixon
states in the Christian Science Monitor survey published
June 15:
STATE
ELECTORAL VOTES
Arizona
5
Colorado
6
Florida
14
Montana
4
Nevada
3
New Mexico
4
Oklahoma
8
So. Carolina
8
Texas
25
Utah
4
81
306
(270 electoral votes required to win)
-3-
NB: With respect to New York, it is interesting to
note that in New York City, Nixon got 37% of the vote in
1960 while Rockefeller got 38% in 1966. In New York State,
Nixon received 3.4 million votes in 1960 -- 47% of the
total vote cast for President -- while in 1966 Rockefeller
received 2.7 million votes which was 44% of the total vote
cast for Governor.
II. Where we are now.
1. Delegates.
We are strong with a majority of the delegates, in
terms of first-ballot votes. We do not have them "locked
up" under lock and key, because the delegates are in fact
human beings, selected by independent local grassroots pro-
cedures. Analysing the Reagan and Rockefeller maximum
potential delegate strengths (on first ballot), our assess-
ment of the situation is:
Delegates
1,333
Rockefeller
373
Reagan
182
555
Balance
778
-5-
III. What happens next?
John Mitchell said on June 16:
"As for Mr. Nixon's personal plans, these remain
what they have been. When he opened his campaign
in New Hampshire, he made it clear that he was
engaged in a nine-month campaign for the Presidency,
not just a six-week campaign in New Hampshire.
After four months of primary campaigning, he
intends to concentrate between now and the con-
vention on preparing for the intensive campaigning
after the convention. He will continue to speak
out on the great issues before the country, as is
appropriate for a leader of his party who seeks to
lead the nation. But his campaign activities will
be directed toward the national election in November."
Specifically:
Our strategy:
will be to continue to aim at
the general election in November, through media and personal
appearances in selected states among the 7, 8, or 9 high-electoral
vote states. This strategy is an integral and organic part of
all that has gone before.
Rockefeller's strategy, he has made clear, is to take
the Madison Avenue route in an effort to affect the public
opinion polls through the expenditure of $4 million to $61/2 million.
We will not compete on that basis and indeed our candidate is
not rich enough to do so.
Both Nixon and Humphrey, based on recent Presidential
vote statistics, have approximately equal chances to win the
Presidential election in 1968 regardless of their party identity.
-6-
Democrats are not the majority party in this country when
it comes to Presidential elections: the Democratic nominee has
received a majority of the popular vote only once in the last
5 Presidential elections while the Republican nominee has re-
ceived a popular majority twice. When all the popular votes
received by the two principal nominees in the last 5 Presidential
elections are added up, neither party appears to be a majority
party. The fact is that the party label does not mean nearly
as much in Presidential elections as it does in local and
Congressional elections. The statistics are as follows:
1948
Truman
24,176,345
49.5%
Dewey
21,991,291
45.5
Other
2,623,190
5.0
TOTAL
48,790,826
1952
Ike
33,936,234
55.0
Stevenson
27,314,992
44.5
Other
299,692
.5
TOTAL
61,550,918
1956
Ike
35,590,472
57.0
Stevenson
26,022,752
42.3
Other
413,684
.7
TOTAL
62,026,908
1960 JFK
34,226,731
49.7
Nixon
34,108,157
49.6
Other
503,331
.4
TOTAL
70,644,510
TOTALS:
Democrat
154,870,302
49.6
Republican
152,804,342
49.1
Other
4,176,735
1.3
TOTAL
311,851,381
-6-
Assuming Humphrey is the Democratic nominee, he will
have to carry the burden of association with the most un-
popular national administration this country has had since
Hoover. Remembering that Nixon in 1960 had been part of one
of the most popular national administrations this country
ever had; remembering that all the Presidential candidates
this year except Humphrey have emphasized the need for sub-
stantial change in national policies --
-- Nixon's opening promise, in New Hampshire and through
all the primaries, of "new leadership",
-- the fact that McCarthy and Kennedy both have campaigned
for change and together received 75-80% of the vote in
the Democratic primaries this spring,
-- that portion of Wallace's appeal which is based on a
call for change,
-- now Rockefeller's echoing call for new leadership,
-- even Lausche's defeat by Gilligan in Ohio and Kuchel's
defeat by Rafferty in California --
we are confident that Nixon will win in November.
-8-
NB: One significant aspect of the political situation
this year is the supposed effect of the Wallace candidacy.
Mr. Joe Bachelder, the well known pollster of Princeton,
New Jersey, has conducted surveys for us recently in Illinois,
Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The results are summarized
here comparing Nixon-Humphrey-Wallace preferenceswith Rocke-
feller-Humphrey-Wallace preferences.
ILLINOIS
Nixon
43
Rockefeller
34
Humphrey
33
Humphrey
35
Wallace
9
Wallace
13
Undecided
15
Undecided
17
In Illinois, Nixon does far better against Humphrey
than Rockefeller does. Nixon is preferred over Humphrey,
while Humphrey is preferred over Rockefeller.
OHIO
Nixon
38
Rockefeller
44
Humphrey
37
Humphrey
32
Wallace
10
Wallace
9
Undecided
15
Undecided
15
In Ohio, either Nixon or Rockefeller is preferred
over Humphrey, although Rockefeller by a wider margin.
-Q-
NEW JERSEY
Nixon
47
Rockefeller
46
Humphrey
36
Humphrey
34
Wallace
7
Wallace
10
Undecided 10
Undecided
10
In New Jersey, both Nixon and Rockefeller are preferred
over Humphrey, and by about the same margins.
PENNSYLVANIA
Nixon
41
Rockefeller
42
Humphrey
40
Humphrey
38
Wallace
12
Wallace
11
Undecided
7
Undecided
9
In Pennsylvania, both Nixon and Rockefeller are preferred
over Humphrey, Rockefeller by a slightly wider margin.
1. Nixon took the Primary Road to the people --
Rockefeller is taking Madison Avenue. No doubt Rocky's
advertising campaign will cause his ratings to go up in
the polls. But polls fluctuate, and this year especially
we have seen that Nixon campaigning changes minds. The
record shows it.
2. Nixon strategy now is to continue to move and
speak on the issues before the nation, as an integral
and organic part of his campaign to date.
For Release: 5:30 P.M. EST
Thursday, March 7, 1968
An Address
by
Richard M. Nixon
on the NBC Radio Network
Thursday, March 7, 1968
I
n the course of this year's Presidential campaign, I will be discussing with the American
people many issues-what I see as the nation's needs and its strengths; its problems and its purposes;
the dangers we face, and the opportunities that are ours to seize.
Tonight I would like to talk with you about the number one issue of 1968-the number one
issue in the United States-and the number one issue in the world.
This is the problem of order.
By order I mean peace at home, and peace in the world. I mean the containing of violence,
whether by armies or by mobs or by individuals. I mean the essential stability, the decent regard
for the rights of others, that makes life livable and progress possible.
It was more than a quarter-century ago that President Franklin Roosevelt proclaimed "freedom
from fear" as one of the Four Freedoms. And yet today, fear stalks our lives as never before.
There are many kinds of fear today-fear of the loss of individuality, fear of human obsoles-
cence, fear of economic deprivation-but the central fear is the most primitive-the fear of
physical violence.
We live today at a time of deep and fundamental questioning,
The first lesson is that the best time to display both power
when millions of Americans are asking whether their country
and the will to use it is before trouble starts-to make trans-
can survive, and whether their world will survive. Both abroad
parently clear to a potential aggressor that the price of ag-
and at home, the forces of destruction threaten our lives and
gression is too high, and the chances of success too slight.
our institutions.
A second lesson is that force alone is not enough. Force
Here at home, we have been amply warned that we face
may deter a great power. But force is no answer to despair.
the prospect of a war-in-the-making in our own society. We
It is no answer to those who think they have nothing to lose,
have seen the gathering hate, we have heard the threats to
whether among the hungry nations of the have-not world, or
burn and bomb and destroy. In Watts and Harlem and Detroit
among those in our own cities nursing the grievances of
and Newark, we have had a foretaste of what the organizers of
centuries.
insurrection are planning for the summers ahead. The Presi-
Only if we can light hope in the ghetto can we have peace
dent's National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders now
in the ghetto-but that hope has to be real, and achievable,
cautions that "in the summer of 1967, we have seen in our
and it has to rest, not on the expectation of being given some-
cities a chain reaction of racial violence. If we are heedless
thing, but on the chance to do something. It has to be the
none of us shall escape the consequences."
kind of hope that builds responsibility, not dependency.
Abroad, we have lived for a generation with the abrasive
In the case of our threatened cities, I am not making any
tensions of the cold war, with the threat of nuclear weapons,
flat predictions. But I will say this: 1968 can see a cooler
with the explosive instabilities of a rapid dismantling of the
summer, rather than a hotter one. I say it can for three
old colonial empires. We have fought World War II, Korea,
reasons:
Viet Nam, and the peace is still elusive. Still we live in a
First, because we have been warned. The violence being
world in which tyranny and greed and fanaticism march behind
threatened for this summer is more in the nature of a war
the barrels of guns. Are we, then, to be divided forever into
than a riot. A riot, by definition, is a spontaneous outburst.
warring worlds?
A war is subject to advance planning. But if those threatening
And here at home, are we to become two nations, one black,
war can plan, those being threatened can also plan.
one white, poised for irrepressible conflict?
The second reason I say it could be a cooler summer is
On both counts, the answer is no. But we cannot have
this: among responsible Negro leaders, there is a growing
peace abroad by wishing for it. And we cannot heal the
spirit of resistance to the extremists. After all, the great, quiet
wounds of our nation either by blind repression or by an
majority of America's Negroes do live by the law, and do
equally blind permissiveness.
share the ideals of the society we all belong to. Yet it was
The peace we want in our cities is not the illusory peace
their neighborhoods that were destroyed, their homes ravaged,
of an abdication of authority, and not the sullen peace of the
their lives made hostage to terror. And now their voices
disspirited, but the peace that springs from participation-
are being heard, providing a climate once again more receptive
participation in the processes of growth and change, in the
to the common-sense Negro leadership that recognizes that
excitement of the present and the promise of the future.
the only lasting way to progress is the peaceful way.
As they survey the prospects of our cities, some cry out in
The third reason I say that it could be a cooler summer is
despair that all is lost, that nothing can be done, that The
that this is a Presidential election year-a fact which provides
Fire Next Time already is licking at the window-sills. Even
a peaceful focus, a political focus, for the great challenge of
President Johnson said not long ago that " we will have a bad
combining peace with progress, and through peaceful progress
summer," and "we will have several bad summers before the
bringing about a new spirit of racial reconciliation.
deficiencies of centuries are erased."
But we can expect a cooler summer only if we do two
This is not a time for Pollyannas, but neither is it a time
things, and do them both with compelling urgency.
to throw up our hands in helplessness. Violence in a free
On the one hand, we must take the warnings to heart, and
society is never inevitable-unless we accept its inevitability.
prepare to meet force with force if necessary-making it
The first responsibility of leadership is to gain mastery over
abundantly clear that these preparations are made, and that
events, to shape the future in the image of our hopes. If the
retaliation against the perpetrators and the planners of violence
present Administration persists in its weary voice of defeatism,
will be swift and sure.
its tired counsels of despair, it will have abdicated this great
But on the other hand, we must move with both compassion
responsibility.
and conviction to bring the American dream to the ghetto.
We should not for a moment underestimate the threat to
I spoke a moment ago about lessons we learned abroad that
our safety and our stability. But neither should we under-
could be applied here at home. There also are lessons from
estimate the means we have of countering that threat. Above
our experience at home that are relevant abroad. One of these
all, we should make clear to those who threaten that these
is, quite starkly and quite simply, that what happened in
means will be employed-and thus that they cannot hope to
Watts and Detroit could happen in the world, unless we move
carry out their threats and get away with it.
with a sense of urgency to create among the lagging nations
For a generation now, America has had the chief responsi-
and peoples of the world a sense of belonging, of participation,
bility for keeping the peace in the world. In meeting this
of hope, that has been lacking in the slums of our own cities.
responsibility, we have been learning the uses of power-
The world is becoming a great city-a city in which com-
and specifically the uses of power in preserving the peace. We
munication is instantaneous, and travel nearly so; a city in
have learned from our successes, and I would hope that we
which civilizations centuries apart in development are sud-
have learned from our failures. Those lessons are needed today
denly side by side. It is becoming a city in which the extremes
at home as never before.
of national wealth and national poverty cannot forever co-
exist in explosive proximity, without inviting upheaval-and
Only when our political, economic and diplomatic efforts
the difference between the violence we have experienced in
are given a priority equal to our military effort will this war
our cities and the violence this would invite is the difference
be brought to a successful conclusion.
between Molotov cocktails and the ultimate weapons of an-
Only this way can we get the negotiated end of the war
nihilation.
that we want-not a military victory in the conventional sense,
Another and more immediate lesson is that we dare not
not unconditional surrender by the other side, but a durable
let the forces of violence get out of control.
peace in which the right of self-determination of the South
All history has been a struggle between man's thrust toward
Vietnamese people is respected by all nations, including North
violence and his yearning for peace. One measure of the
Viet Nam.
advance of civilization is the degree to which peace prevails
I think that with different policies the war could have been
over violence.
ended before this. I think that with new policies it could be
Today, the apostles of violence are testing their doctrines—
ended sooner-though not as quickly or as cheaply as if those
in Viet Nam, in Thailand and Laos, along the border between
policies had been adopted when they should have been.
North and South Korea, in Africa, in Latin America, where
It is essential that we end this war, and end it quickly. But
roving bands of Castro's guerrillas operate. The old violence
it is essential that we end it in such a way that we win the
parades today in a new uniform. Both at home and abroad,
peace. And just as the cause we are fighting for is larger than
it has wrapped itself in propaganda.
Viet Nam, the peace we must be concerned with is larger than
At home, it may masquerade as "civil disobedience," or "free-
Viet Nam. The peace we must be concerned with is peace
dom," and it sometimes marches under the banner of legitimate
in the Pacific for the balance of this century. But Viet Nam
dissent.
alone will not secure that peace. It requires a preventive
diplomacy, designed to concert the rapidly growing strengths
Abroad, violence calls itself a "war of national liberation,"
of the Asian nations themselves.
and tries to justify terror and aggression with slogans of social
revolution. But the new war is still the old imperialism.
We are a nation of 200 million people, powerful and rich.
But there are more than 2 billion people in the free world.
The sloganeering of the new violence confuses many people.
In Korea, the United States furnished most of the arms, most
That's what it intends to do. But when the slogans are stripped
of the money-and most of the men. In Viet Nam, the United
away, it still is violence plain and simple, cruel and evil as
States is furnishing most of the arms, most of the money-
always, destructive of freedom, destructive of progress, de-
and most of the men.
structive of peace.
As we look to the future, we must establish conditions in
The war in Viet Nam is a brutal war, and a terrible war,
which, when others are threatened, we help if needed-but
as all wars are brutal and terrible. It has cost us heavily in
we help them fight the war for themselves, rather than fighting
lives, in dollars, in hostility abroad and division at home-in
the war for them. This means that the other nations in the
part because of the Administration's failure convincingly to
path of potential aggression must prepare to take their own
strip away its masquerade. But the men dying there are dying
measures, both individually and collectively, to contain the
for a cause fundamental to man's hope: the cause of checking
aggressor. They must not be allowed to suppose that they can
aggression, of checking violence, and of moving us one step
continue indefinitely to count on the United States for go-it
closer along the difficult road to a lasting peace.
alone protection.
I have long been a vigorous critic of the conduct of that war.
This is not a retreat from responsibility, and not a new
Our military power has been frittered away in a misguided
isolationism. It recognizes three fundamental facts:
policy of gradualism; if we had used our power quickly, we
could have ended it with far less than we are now using.
First, that the job of keeping the peace is too large for the
United States alone;
The Administration's failure to inform the American people
Second, that among nations as among individuals, self-
of the full costs of the war-its failure to take the people
fully into its confidence on the war-has sown distrust and
reliance is the foundation of pride and the cornerstone of
suspicion about the war, both here and abroad.
progress;
And, third, that by establishing new collective security
But even more fundamentally, the Administration has failed
systems, the total effective strength of the free world will be
to understand the nature of this new kind of war. This is
increased, and thus the Communist powers' temptation to
different from other wars, and far more complex. It is a war
launch new wars will be reduced.
for people, not for territory, and it cannot be won by military
means alone.
We as a nation must still do our share, but others must do
their share, too. In the long run, peace can be maintained
Because of its failure of understanding, the Administration
only if the responsibility for maintaining it is shared.
has failed to press those non-military measures-diplomatic,
economic, psychological, political-that could have vastly in-
What then are the prospects, both at home and abroad?
creased the effectiveness of the military effort. It has failed to
Are we doomed to live with an ever more terrible violence?
use diplomacy effectively with the Soviet Union, to enlist the
Are the bitter agonies of these wars of the past and the present
Soviets on the side of peace. It has failed to do enough to
-the war in Viet Nam, and the war in our cities-to be
enlist the South Vietnamese fully in their struggle-enough to
magnified? Or is it possible that finally, after three foreign
train their military, and enough to give their people the hope,
wars in a generation, and after the battles that have set our
the stake in the future, the spirit of independence, that are
cities aflame and seared the soul of the nation, we can move
needed if they are to have something to fight for, as well as
on now to a peace of understanding abroad and a peace of
against.
reconciliation at home?
I say it is possible. It is not only possible, but imperative.
And it would also be a disservice to suggest to the dwellers
But we live in a world of hard facts and harsh realities, and
in those slums that they need only wait for Federal housing,
these make firmness and fortitude necessary.
Federal jobs, a Federally guaranteed income.
Eventually, we can and must look forward to the day when
Jobs, housing-all the things of the better life-will come,
the Communist powers will abandon the pursuit of their am-
ultimately, when two things happen: when private enterprise
bitions by military means. We can and must do all in our
gets into the ghetto, and when the people in the ghetto get
power to enlist them, too, on the side of peace and not on the
into private enterprise-as workers, as managers, as owners.
side of war. I am convinced that in the term of the next
We can and must make far greater progress than we have,
President substantial progress on this front will be possible.
but we can only do so by a far greater enlistment of private
But it will only be possible if we persuade them, first, that
enterprise in rebuilding the cities, in providing the jobs, in
aggression does not pay-that just as they finally learned in
constructing the housing.
Korea that they could not expand by the old-style war, they
During the course of this campaign I will be recommending
must be shown in Viet Nam that they cannot achieve their
programs to move us toward this goal.
goals by the new-style war.
More than almost any of the great issues facing America
The war in Viet Nam is not a war to end war. But it is
today the tortured problem of race requires a careful balance
a war to make a larger peace possible. Only if this war is
and a clear perspective. Much that is desirable, much that is
ended in a way that promotes that larger peace, will the cost
urgent, takes time to achieve.
be justified.
America still is going through an agony of transition.
If we are to achieve a peace of reconciliation here at home,
It takes time for old myths to give way to new awareness.
there is one thing we must make crystal clear.
It takes time to erase the old stereotypes.
We increasingly hear angry cries that ours is an unjust
But the point is that we are moving forward, and moving
society, that the whole "power structure," the whole social
rapidly, toward what the riot commission refers to as a
and economic and political structure, is evil and ought to be
"single society"-one nation, one people, one common ideal, in
destroyed. Whether the cry comes from extremists in the Black
which each person is measured as an individual, and in which
Power Movement, or from the far fringe of the New Left,
legal rights are fleshed out with actual opportunities.
the message is still one of intolerance and hate, and it still is
We must do more. But if progress is to be made, the first
wrong.
essential now is order.
These mounting threats of violence come when there has
never been less cause for violence, and never less excuse for
The riots shook the nation to a new awareness of how deep
rebellion. Never have we been so close to the achievement of a
were Negro resentments, how explosive the grievances long
just and abundant society, in which the age-old wants of man
suppressed. But that lesson has been learned. And those who
are met and the age-old grievances of the disinherited set right.
now cry "burn" tempt a new conflagration that could engulf
There are injustices. There are inequities. But there also is a
not only the cities, but all the racial progress made in these
massive popular will to correct those inequities and right those
troubled years.
injustices.
Excesses on one side bring excesses on the other; we could
Equally important, we have the means to correct them in
too readily be drawn into a spiral of violence and vengeance.
peaceful and orderly fashion. America was born in revolution.
We can ill afford the destruction of our cities; we could even
But the architects of the new nation saw clearly that if the
less afford the ravaging of our society.
society was to be secure, the means of peaceful change had to
We cannot be complacent about our country's faults, but
be provided. They built into our structure what the colonies
neither should we be apologetic about its strengths.
had rebelled for lack of: a system by which the people of
What began in rebellion nearly 200 years ago has become
America could be masters of their own destinies, in which all
a peaceful revolution and a permanent revolution-a revolution
could be heard, and the power of persuasion substituted for the
that has transformed the world, and that has stood for these
power of arms as a means of bringing about progress and
two. centuries as a beacon for man's aspirations and a symbol
change.
of his liberties.
This points up a major deficiency in emphasis in the recent
This permanent revolution is not yet finished. Lincoln freed
report of the President's riot commission-its tendency to lay
the slaves. Our uncompleted task is to free the Negro. Franklin
the blame for the riots on everyone except the rioters.
Roosevelt promulgated the old, negative freedoms from. Our
Among the causes of the riots the commission noted that
uncompleted task is to make real the new, positive freedoms to.
"frustrated hopes are the residue of the unfulfilled expectations
The architects of our country provided the means for peaceful
aroused by the great judicial and legislative victories of the
change. Our uncompleted task is to damp the fires of violent
civil rights movement and the dramatic struggle for equal
change, to cement our mastery of the pace of change, and to
rights in the South."
make the most of our opportunity for constructive change.
It might also have included the inflated rhetoric of the
Change is the essence of progress. But there can be no
War on Poverty, which added to the dangerous expectation
progress without order, no freedom without order, no justice
that the evils of centuries could be overcome overnight.
without order.
One thing worse than not keeping a promise is making a
And so our first commitment as a nation, in this time of
promise that cannot be kept.
crisis and questioning, must be a commitment to order.
The commission rightly sounded a note of urgency, and it
This is the commitment that makes all else possible. This
rightly pictured the task ahead in the cities' slums as massive.
is the commitment that is needed if our unfinished agenda is
But it would be unrealistic to raise hopes that the vast pro-
to be finished, and the American Revolution-the permanent,
grams the commission proposed might all be done at once.
peaceful revolution-is to fulfill its promise to mankind.
FSR
office memo
TO:
Leonard Garment
This may
Be of
FROM:
John Maddox
6/11/68
some
interest
THE NEGRO VOTE
John Maddox
A postgraduate research sociologist at the Survey Research Center,
Berkeley, published a paper last summer in the PUBLIC OPINION
QUARTERLY which sheds some light on the effect on voting behavior
of individuals who are "alienated" from their society, who feel they
are deprived of full and equal participation in the American system.
The research study he reports, though small in sample size, seems
sound technically. Its internal consistency is high. The sample
consisted of white collar and blue collar white families. Negroes
were removed early because of the extreme degree to which they
showed the hypothesized effects. The state of being "alienated"
is measured on a well-established standard scale.
The original paper is attached.
Whether or not Senator Kennedy or any of his advisors ever saw
this paper, or whether he operated in this area by political intuition
alone, his campaign approach to Negro voters appears to have been
directly in line with the key finding of the study, namely, that
11
alienation is mobilized when an issue is defined in terms of
good and evil" - i.e., "moralistic" as opposed to "pragmatic."
Kennedy's impassioned and persistent use of the phrase, "It is
not right!" went straight to the hearts and minds of the "alienated"
among the Negroes (which is probably the majority).
THE "INDEPENDENT" VOTE
The same study raises a question concerning the extent to which
"undecided" and "independent" voters may be individuals with a
greater than average degree of alienation from the political
society. The following quote from the report indicates this
possibility:
"To the extent that national political decisions are
defined in terms of specific policies and programs,
we should expect to find it a relatively unsatisfactory
724
2.
avenue for the expression of alienated moral indignation.
Under normal conditions, presidential elections provide
an occasion for voting for specific policies and programs.
Both major parties present themselves as "responsible"
national voices and both are in fact committed to the
established political system. As such, neither provides
the citizen with the opportunity to validate his personal
rejection of the political system.
" One predictable consequence of these characteristics of
the national political process is the withdrawal of alienated
citizens from political participation. Such withdrawal was
evidenced in the data in a number of ways. A measure of
political consistency was devised by combining responses
to questions of party identification and 1956 and 1960 voting
behavior. Republicans who voted for both Eisenhower and
Nixon, together with Democrats who voted for both Stevenson
and Kennedy, were compared to other respondents whose
party voting pattern was, in one way or another, inconsistent.
Alienated citizens contributed disproportionately to the
inconsistent response patterns.
"Within the middle class and the working class, alienated
individuals tend to withdraw from politics, in terms of
both their knowledge and their interest, and to vacillate
between parties in their voting behavior. 11
If there is more than a grain of truth in this as a partial diagnosis of
"switchers, " it has a bearing on the tone or mood with which national
issues should be defined in order to reach these voters most effectively.
Broadly speaking, there are two choices of mood in setting up an issue
for subsequent discussion: (a) to describe the issue in rational terms,
or (b) emotional (moralistic) terms. And, of course, in sequence, the
recommended program of action concerning the issue can also be
presented either emotionally or rationally.
To appraise the relative effectiveness of these two alternatives, we
should ask a simple question: What rock bottom jobs do all people
hope their new president will perform for them?
1. Perceive all needs (my needs) in their human, personal
relevancy (i.e., emotionally, moralistically).
2. Solve the problems of those needs with the greatest
possible degree of knowledge and intelligence
(i. rationally).
3.
There are thus four possible combinations of mood with which a
presidential candidate can address the electorate concerning his
capability for doing the jobs they hope for.
The way he presents
The way he presents
his understanding of
his solution to the
the voters' concern
problem (the action
(the problem as seen)
recommended)
1.
rationally
rationally
2.
emotionally
emotionally
3.
rationally
emotionally
4.
emotionally
rationally
Combination One reaches no one with warmth; represents a totally
objective and therefore remote approach ("He doesn't really
understand"). Has strong appeal for very limited audience.
Combination Two will carry mobs to the barricades (mobs who
have no children or other serious commitments to the future).
Combination Three which clearly spells out problems and then
proposes emotionally charged solutions will leave very large
numbers feeling insecure at the gut level about delivery
(a visionary?).
Combination Four tells voters that this man "really understands
my problem because he has just described it the way I feel about
it. " It also tells them that "he has got sense enough not to go
off half-cocked on a very tough problem."
* * *
Combination Four has important implications not only for approaching
Negro and Independent voters, but for the total campaign use of public
relations, advertising and speech-writing.
John Maddox
ng
YOUTH FOR NIXON
Number 4
May 1968
RN TRIUMPHS AT MAJOR COLLEGE AND
HIGH SCHOOL MOCK CONVENTIONS
Lexington, Virginia
HUGE NIXON LANDSLIDE IN OREGON
May 4
Upsetting the polls, columnists and even his own supporters,
The nation's most realistic mock
Richard Nixon amassed an amazing 73% of the vote in the crucial
convention has nominated Richard
Oregon primary. He defeated Governor Rockefeller 18-1 in the only
Nixon to carry the Republican
state ever won by the New York Governor in 1964. Despite a
standard in 1968. Washington and
massive television and press campaign by Governor Reagan, RN
Lee University, where all 1300
trounced him by a margin in excess of 3-1.
students participate as delegates,
named Nixon on the third ballot
Robert Ellsworth, National Director of the Nixon for President
following the withdrawal by other
Committee stated: "There is no precedent in Oregon political
prominently mentioned candidates.
The delegates began writing state
history for the crushing victory. No other Democratic or Republican
and national officeholders last fall
candidate in a contested Oregon primary has ever recorded as
and continued to add to their au-
many votes. The greatest political victory Governor Rockefeller
thentic portrayal of GOP sentiment
has ever won outside of his home state was in the Oregon primary
by remaining in phone contact with
numerous state leaders on the Con-
in 1964 where his supporters justly hailed his 33% 93,000 vote
vention weekend. The message
victory as a "major triumph". Today Mr. Nixon has more than
came loud and clear once the fa-
doubled the Rockefeller vote-and jumped the winning margin
vorite sons began to release their
from 33% to an incredible 73% of the vote." Mr. Ellsworth pointed
delegations. The Nixon campaign
out the following conclusion: "Nixon's original strength in the
was led by graduating law stu-
great cross center of the GOP has rapidly broadened in the last four
dent H. F. "Chip" Day and help
was generously provided by Henry
months of primary campaigning to encompass increasing segments
Graddy, Jeff Wainscott, Joe Wilson,
of the Party. He is now the first choice of something like 3 out of 4
Ken Cribb, Alan Stedman and
Republicans-and a thoroughly acceptable and welcome candidate
others. RN himself accepted the
to them all."
nomination by phoning the Con-
vention and promising to serve
The Christian Science Monitor stated RN's "triumph among all
them honorably as the nominee.
voter categories was testimony to the skillful, relaxed, moderate-
Washington and Lee Mock Con-
ventions have forecast the nominee
conservative campaign he has waged. Mr. Nixon is clearly out-
of the party out of power cor-
distancing all competition."
rectly since 1952.
(continued on page 3)
NIXON ON THE ISSUES
THE MILITARY DRAFT
"I believe that when the war in
Vietnam is over, the draft should
be ended and we should shift to the
concept of an all-volunteer army. I
say this not only because of the
inequities inherent in any draft
system, but also because the nature
of war has changed.
"One of the lessons of Vietnam
is that the wars which may
threaten in the future will require
highly professional armed forces,
thoroughly trained in the new tech-
niques of a new and more sophisti-
cated warfare.
"Korea was probably our last
conventional war. Those we must
prepare against in the future are
either nuclear exchanges, in which
the draft would be irrelevant, or
Enthusiastic Nixon supporters wave signs and balloons during Caledonia,
guerrilla wars. To be fully effective
New York mock convention.
in a guerrilla-war situation, we
need a highly skilled, highly moti-
Perspective/Choice 68
MEMOS TO MEMBERS
vated professional corps which can
train and work with the local, in-
Richard Nixon's national
1. PLEASE send us a change of
digenous forces supplemented by a
strength was underlined by the
address notice if you have not yet
civilian corps of equally skilled
nation-builders under civilian con-
amazing total of votes cast for him
sent in the postcard from our last
trol.
in Choice '68, the national col-
mailing. We want to keep in touch
legiate Presidential election spon-
over the summer and must have
"Since World War II the Nation
sored by Time and the Univac Cor-
your home or vacation address.
has relied on a peacetime draft in
poration. RN captured nearly
2. Enclosed with this mailing are
large measure because of the un-
200,000 votes on college and uni-
RN's widely acclaimed speeches on
willingness to pay enough to at-
versity campuses. His closest Re-
the Urban Crisis-"Bridges to
Human Dignity." Read and reread
tract enough recruits to meet our
publican challenger had only 10%
each of them. Spread the message
military commitments. But the
of the votes and failed to carry a
single region while RN swept 4
to every middlesex, village and
draft is simply not adequate to
farm.
meet the needs of this highly pro-
major regions of the country in
mounting his impressive total. Sen.
3. Help double our National
fessional force of the future. By
McCarthy, a candidate who has
membership. Use the enclosed ap-
raising military pay scales and end-
made a direct appeal to college
plication to enroll a friend or two.
ing the draft, we can have better
students was chosen by 1 out of
Bring them aboard the rapidly mov-
military protection with a smaller
every 4 students, while RN was
ing Nixon band wagon. Don't put
armed force - while eliminating
selected by 1 out of every 5. The
the application aside-move now to
Nixon vote dramatically indicates
recruit additional members for
the inequities of the draft in the
YFN.
most effective way possible, that is,
that his reasoned and rational ap-
4. Law Students for Nixon will
by eliminating the draft.
proach to the problems of our Na-
tion has won him great respect
be preparing this summer for ex-
"The shift to an all-volunteer
among students.
pansion in the fall. Send us the
names, home addresses or schools
army cannot be made in the midst
An even larger turnout of voters
in Choice '68 might have resulted
of any and all law students whom
of war, and the draft machinery
our LSFN chairmen can contact.
must be kept available on a stand-
in a complete Nixon victory. Less
by basis in case of a sudden, un-
than 20% of the eligible students
voted in the poorly publicized elec-
foreseen emergency. But the shift
ticipated we feel confident that the
should be made when the war is
tion. Past studies suggest that the
most responsible candidate-Rich-
moderate students more concerned
ard Nixon-would have been their
over-not only in the interest of
with studies than campus political
choice. It is up to each member of
the young people whose lives are
affairs, tend to be often uninvolved
Youth for Nixon to help activiate
clouded by uncertainty, but also in
in such events as Choice '68 unless
the students of the center. We can
the interest of an effective defense
publicity is extensive. If a greater
and shall win in November with
geared to the new and different
number of the moderates had par-
their support.
needs of a new era."
MOCK CONVENTION
of South Florida, Grove City Col-
TRIUMPHS (continued)
lege (Pennsylvania), West Liberty
College (Ohio), University of North
Richard Nixon has won a bipar-
Dakota, University of South Caro-
United
C
zens
tisan mock convention at Purdue
lina, Roberts Wesleyan College
University with over 2,000 students
(N. Y.), Newport Harbor (Cali-
NI
participating. The victory was the
fornia) High School, and a multi-
result of hard work by Nixon's
college (32 schools) Convention at
Boilermaker supporters who were
California State College at Fuller-
led by Dirk Reek. The delegates
ton. Additionally, RN was chosen
did extensive research on their
by a 2-1 margin at the recent Mid-
states to better understand the sen-
west College Young Republican
timent which really existed in each
Convention in Chicago.
state. The combination of factual
RN also led the way at Martin
information and enthusiastic sup-
Behrman High (New Orleans,
port for RN led to his choice as the
La.), Ralston (Nebraska) High
likely winner in November.
School, Illinois State University,
High school mock conventions
University of Tennessee at Martin
from coast to coast have shown
as well as the main campus at
further evidence of the increasing
Knoxville, Montana State Univer-
support for Richard Nixon. In a
sity, Wm. Carey College in Hatties-
state-wide high school conclave
burg, Mississippi, and Southwest-
RN and Joe Louis at United Citizens
held in Portland, students followed
ern College in Oklahoma.
for Nixon opening.
a colorful and prolonged demon-
stration for RN by nominating him
to lead the GOP ticket in 1968.
The highly realistic convention
served as valuable support to RN's
Oregon primary campaign. Key in-
NIXON/NEWS
dividuals in the Nixon victory were
Bruce Plumb, Clayton Klein, Bill
Bails and Mel Davis.
Sen. Howard Baker has declined the Tennessee GOP's endorse-
In Bellevue, Washington with
ment as favorite son and announced his support for "the candidate
several major area high schools
participating, RN won a smashing
most keenly tuned to these times" Richard Nixon. The highly
victory.
respected freshman Senator stated that he has been impressed by
Arlington Heights High School
Mr. Nixon's speeches and statements during the campaign. "I find
in suburban Fort Worth, also gave
in those statements imagination, vitality, compassion and firmness"
the nod to RN.
Roy Innis, Associated National Director of CORE has praised
In Caledonia, New York, the
RN's stand on the need for black pride and Negro self-help and an
hard work of YFN charter member
infusion of "black capitalism" in the ghetto
RN received over
Curtis Smith resulted in a Nixon
victory right in Governor Rocke-
75% of the write-in votes in the recent Pennsylvania primary easily
feller's backyard. Curtis visited na-
outdistancing Governor Rockefeller
Maryland Gov. Spiro "Ted"
tional headquarters during spring
Agnew, one of Governor Rockefeller's earliest supporters, recently
vacation to pick up literature, but-
expressed his enthusiasm for RN referring to the "extremely
tons, balloons and posters to wage
astute, knowledgeable statements" both on the urban crisis and on
his campaign.
general matters made by Mr. Nixon
19 of 20 Michigan State
And in Lincoln, Nebraska, South-
Senators have endorsed RN
east High School pointed the way
Recent appointments as Youth for
for the Cornhusker State to follow
Nixon directors include Ron and Don Johnson of 5901 Liberty
in Nebraska's May 14th primary.
Cove, Little Rock, Arkansas, Hawthorne Farr and Anne Asplund,
With candidates of both parties on
P.O. Box 1352, Enid, Oklahoma, John Eidsmoe, 118 Quadrangle,
the ballot, seniors Art Pansing,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, Jim Kopley, 12 Plymouth Rd.,
Clipper Walcott (both members of
National YFN) led the forces of
Clifton, New Jersey, Craig McMillin, 316 Anderson Hall, Caldwell,
RN to victory on the 8th ballot
Idaho, Allen Rains, 2601 Chain Bridge Rd., Vienna, Virginia, Ken
besting the junior senator from
Payne, P.O. Box 55391, Indianapolis, Indiana and David Bowers,
New York. Their highly effective
22 W. Madison St., Chicago, Illinois
Both the Washington Star
communications committee was
and the Christian Science Monitor have favorably commented on
headed by another YFN member,
Joe Ayres.
RN's position paper on crime. You may receive a copy of it by
writing to us for "Toward Freedom From Fear"
A recent Cali-
Mock conventions and elections
also chose RN at North Little Rock
fornia poll shows RN the choice of 56% of Republicans, Rocke-
(Arkansas) High School, St. Mary's
feller of 32% and Reagan of 8%.
Jr. College (Raleigh, N. C.), East
Texas State University, University
NEBRÀSKA and INDIANA:
Key to Victory
The Nixon Success Story Continues
Launched
Victory Keys will begin to find
The vote for RN in both Nebraska
The Washington Star com-
their way onto thousands of door-
and Indiana far exceeded the most
mented, "The only clearcut winner
knobs across the Nation within the
optimistic predictions of the Nixon
in Indiana was Richard Nixon."
next few weeks. YFN members will
camp. In Indiana he received over
In Nebraska, RN increased his
have the opportunity to make a
500,000 votes-a 25% increase
1960 vote by 70% Despite an in-
major contribution to the campaign
over his 1960 total-and he de-
tensive television campaign for
through participation in the Key to
cisively outpolled each Democrat.
Gov. Reagan, the Californian drew
Victory Program. By ordering Vic-
His record-breaking vote was
only 22% while listed on the ballot.
tory Keys from the order blank on
achieved despite the overt attempts
With no campaign effort at all,
the Key to Victory brochure, mem-
by Branigan and McCarthy to WOO
Henry Cabot Lodge polled 16% in
bers will take the first step in de-
GOP voters to their side.
1964 on a write-in. Rockefeller sup-
veloping a large force of volunteers
porters bought 247 TV spots and
to assist the Nixon campaign in all
564 newspaper ads and the New
states. All members are urged to
York Governor polled only 5% The
carefully read the brochure before
United Citizens
total vote for Nixon was nearly
ordering Keys. Be especially sure
three times the combined vote of
you check with your local GOP
the other Republicans and further
headquarters regarding precincts in
For Nixon Opened
evidence of the enthusiastic support
which you should begin your work.
which he has across the United
Only members of Youth for Nixon
States.
will be distributing the Keys. There-
With Visit By RN
RN has now received 25% more
fore, it is incumbent upon each of
votes than he did in 1960. Through
you to make every effort possible to
the first four primaries of that year
make Key to Victory a success in
Washington
May 17, A broad-
he drew 887,354 compared to the
your area. Make this a summer
based grass-roots organization,
1,102,569 he has polled in the same
project which can insure Victory in
United Citizens for Nixon, has be-
states of 1968.
November.
gun full-scape operations under the
leadership of National Chairman
KUDOS to:
Charles Rhyne and National Direc-
tor Thomas Evans. In speaking be-
Bill Yates of Alexandria, Virginia for extended volunteer duty at the
fore a packed house of 2,500 at the
National Headquarters.
opening ceremonies, Richard Nixon
John Neville, Scott Hogg and associates who set up a literature dis-
called on Republicans, Democrats
tribution table and recruited members at Ohio State University.
and Independents to join together
with him in a coalition which can
Bill Bowman, Joe Becker and Cliff Massa for similar duty performed
effectively deal with the problems
at Northwestern University.
of our Nation. Mr. Nixon stressed
Ralph Coleman for an informative newsletter published for Bowling
that only with the help of volun-
Green State University (Ohio) Youth for Nixon.
teer workers can the Democrats be
Rosemary Shinners and Cathy Lugbauer for serving as Nixon girls
defeated in November. Boxing
at the recent Rock Creek Republican Women's Reception and distributing
great Joe Louis was introduced at
buttons and bumper stickers to a most appreciative crowd.
the meeting as a backer of RN and
Oklahoma Youth for Nixon directors Hawthorne Farr and Anne
received a tremendous ovation.
Asplund for their excellent organizational work on Oklahoma college
Youth for Nixon will continue in
campuses.
seeking to effectively mobilize stu-
Oregon Youth for Nixon for their shopping center windshield project.
dent supporters of RN as a division
They clean off the windows and leave the following message: "Now that
of United Citizens.
you can see clearly, we hope you'll vote for Dick Nixon."
Brian Raub of Greenville, Pa., Jay Conger of Alexandria, Va. and
Steve Tidwell of Douglasville, Georgia whose membership drives continue
YOUTH FOR NIXON
to roll on. Jay has attributed the growth of his Victory Team "to the
interest of today's youth in the government which will be theirs in the
future."
A Division of
United Citizens for Nixon
Paul Dawson of the San Fernando Valley College Campus Citizens
for Nixon (California) for manning a Nixon booth during the recent
918 16th Street
Political Forum week held on his campus.
Washington, D. C. 20006
Dennis Powers and Michael Greenfield who travelled from Towson
Lyndon (Mort) Allin
State (Maryland) to campaign in the Indiana primary.
Executive Director
Jeff Lotvicky of Flint, Michigan who has pledged a dollar a week to
the campaign from now until Victory in November.
Phone (202) 783-1560
Mike O'Neal for editing an excellent newsletter for the East Hender-
or 783-7320
son (N.C.) TARs-the last issue of which included a picture and write-
up on RN.
May 20, 1968
TO:
RN
John Mitchell
Bob Haldeman
Pat Hitt
FROM: Pat Hillings
I'm in Los Angeles working on the California
picture and I will have an analysis within a
few days when I return to Washington.
Today's L.A. Times is carrying a Don Muchmore
poll (attached) which indicates that Rockefeller
would defeat all democrat candidates for the
Presidency in California and that RN would lose
to Humphrey, McCarthy and would defeat Kennedy
by 47% to 45%. This is in stark contrast Much-
more's poll of yesterday (it is generally referred
to as the California poll which is not to be con-
fused with Merv Field's State poll). In the poll
yesterday, RN was shown as the strongest Republican
contender in California and Reagan scored a bare
8%.
Today's poll by Muchmore leads me to believe there
is something wrong. RN's position in California
is damn strong and there 1: no chance that a Mc
Carthy or a Humphrey could beat him here today.
I think he will defeat Kennedy in California but
we can't assess Kennedy's strength here at the
moment. Suffice it to say, he is the strongest
Democrat candidate in the field as far as California
is concerned,
I've known Don Muchmore since Young Republican days
and I'm familar with a number of his affiliations.
I believe he can be bought And it is quite possible
that he has been. On April 19 my Los Angeles secre-
tary, Mrs. Engerran, talked with Muchmore at a UCLA
symposium and he told her that Bobby Kennedy had
purchased a poll from him for $25,000. There is
other information available which indicates he can
be had and I'm not so sure that the Kennedy forces
are not working with him closely. Incidentally, one
of Muchmore's "angels" over the years has been Howard
Edgerton who is one of the biggest names in the Savings
and Loan industry in the country and professes to be
a friend of RN's.
The question now is: Should we go after Muchmore
as a pollster for sale in view of the demands in
Congress and elsewhere for investigations of peo-
ple who set themselves up as political pulse-takers?
In the alternative, should we have some of our friends
in California go after Muchmore and give him a very
bad time? There are also other alternatives.
I do not think we should allow this sort of thing
to continue in the Nation's largest state and I will
be happy to take the responsibility to do something
about it. I suggest John Mitchell advise all con-
cerned of what action program we should initiate.
Howard Seelye, a political writer for the L.A. Times,
told me today that Muchmore poll is always avail-
able for hire and he doctors the figures. He has
done this for the L.A. Times on past projects and also
for the Ridder Papers. His polls in 1966 were way
off on the Reagan and Finch campaigns. The more I've
checked into this the more I believe that the Rocke-
feller or Kennedy people have gotten to Muchmore.
CLASS OF SERVICE
WESTERN UNION
SYMBOLS
This is a fast message
DL=Day Letter
unless its deferred char-
NL=Night Letter
acter is indicated by the
W. P. MARSHALL
TELEGRAM
R. W. McFALL
proper symbol.
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
PRESIDENT
LT
International
Letter Telegram
®
The filing time shown in the date line on domestic telegrams is LOCAL TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is LOCAL TIME at point of destination
TXA 014 PILBB011
B COA021 DL PDF CONCORD NHAMP 23 1001A EST
MAURICE STANS, NATIONAL FINANCE CHAIRMAN, NIXON FOR PRESIDENT
COMMITTEE
1726 PENN AVE WASHDC
EARLY RECEPTION OF RICHARD NIXONS CAMPAIGN IN PRIMARY STATES
HAS BEEN OUTSTANDINGLY FAVORABLE. WE CAN WIN BY GOOD MARGINS
IF WE CARRY OUT PLANS TO REACH VOTERS BY TV AND RADIO. THIS
REQUIRES SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF MONEY AND I URGE YOU TO STRESS
THE NEED FOR FUNDS NOW TO ALL DICKS FRIENDS. YOURS FOR VICTORY
ROBERT ELLSWORTH NATIONAL CAMPAIGN DIRECTOR
(08).
SF1201 (R2-65)
Read
June 17, 1968
Memorandum to Messrs. Mitchell
Haldeman
The Free Enterprise Committee for Nixon has been
started with 50 good names from industry and finance. It
is expected that this initial solicitation will result in
100 leading names. You will remember that the purpose of
this committee is two-fold: (a) to indicate that the bulk
of the business community around the country is behind
Nixon and (b) to provide a means by which a non-political
business community can think it's advising the candidate
and not repeat the 1960 claims that he refuses to take
advice.
The agreed program for the committee is as
follows.
Membership solicitation will cut off on Wednesday,
June 19. Nixon will write a letter to those who have
accepted thanking them for their willingness to serve and
asking them to meet with him on July 2. A news release
regarding the formation of the committee will be issued,
possibly surrounding the meeting of Nixon with the committee.
At the first appropriate time the committee will run a
nation-wide advertisement, with all the names listed. Such
an opportunity would be a statement of support for the
proposed economic speech by Nixon.
P.M.Flanigan
Read
June 17, 1968
Memorandum to Messrs. Mitchell
Haldeman
Telephone Program
I confirmed with Alan Peterson that we wanted him
to undertake his telephone neighbor to neighbor program in
certain areas in the swing states. To put this into effect,
the following schedule was agreed upon.
Peterson will go home by the week of June 17.
From there he will telephone his key people and alert them
to the Program. He will return to New York June 24 to
receive from us a list of states in which we wish him to
operate. In conjunction with our State Chairmen he will
determine those areas in the swing states where his Program
can be effective. These will be urban and suburban areas
where neighbors know one another and are not solid Demo-
crats, and that are not solid Republican areas well served
by the Republican Party.
After this Peterson will prepare his Program in
detail, including staffing chart, timetable and budget which
will be submitted in July. Peterson will return to Salt Lake
City at the beginning of August for the birth of his child,
which will hopefully arrive in time for him to come to the
Convention. After the Convention Peterson will proceed to
Washington where he will be joined by his staff to begin
active implementation of the Program. The neighbor to
neighbor program will be run out of the space now partly
used by the Key Issues Committee. The Program will be run
as a campaign division and as such will have a divisional
budget.
Peterson had been told by Clark that he was on
the National Campaign payroll after May 28. Since that time
he has been working in Oregon determining the results of
the Program there and preparing the presentation for the
National Campaign staff. I agreed to this and to his con-
tinued employment at $1,200 per month.
P.M.Flanigan
n
Nixon
KEY TO VICTORY
VICTORY KEYS ORDER FORM: Complete and mail to YOUTH FOR NIXON, 918 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006
Check one) | I am working as an individual I am not a member of a Victory Team.
I am Chanman of a Victory learn. Cleam members must order through their harman)
" Check one) First order.
Re-order. All Leys sent previously have been distributed
Please send me the quantity of keys I have circled below: (Individuals may order maximum of 200; TEAM CHAIRMAN may order
maximum of 500. Letter of explanation must accompany special orders.)
,
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
special order
(Please print clearly)
Name
Age
Address
Phone
City
State
Zip
MY MEMBERSHIP CARD NUMBER IS
(This number must accompany orders.)
KEY TO VICTORY
HOW TO GET STARTED
THE GOAL: The election of Richard Nixon to the
ON KEY TO VICTORY
presidency in 1968.
1. Order a supply of VICTORY KEYS. See instruc-
THE JOB: To locate thousands of volunteers who
tions below for ordering.
are needed to take polls, conduct voter registration
drives, serve as election officials, staff campaign head-
2. After you receive the keys call your adult friends
quarters around the country and carry out hundreds
who are supporters of Richard Nixon first. Ask
of other tasks in the most important election year in
them to mail in their volunteer postcards at once.
our Nation's history.
3. Distribute keys in your own precinct.
NEEDED: YOU-and thousands of young Amer-
icans who are increasingly assuming greater responsi-
4. Visit your local Republican headquarters and ask
bility in the political affairs of our time.
to see the precinct map for your city. Also ask
The political equation for 1968:
them which precincts have the heaviest concen-
tration of Republicans. These are the precincts
YOU plus VOLUNTEERS plus NIXON
you will want to distribute keys in next.
equals VICTORY
5. Don't forget to put your Youth for Nixon mem-
HOW YOU CAN HELP
bership card number on the postcards before
distributing them.
PARTICIPATE now in KEY TO VICTORY,
a unique, simple and efficient program designed to
contact thousands of citizens who can make this the
REMEMBER
NIXON year.
HOW KEY TO VICTORY WORKS
The idea is to find as many volunteers in varied
precincts as possible. Don't worry if you cannot go
The main item in this project is a VICTORY KEY
to every home and apartment in a precinct, but do
which is designed with a hole in the top of it to enable
try to cover a third of them. It is better to have 100
you to hang it on a doorknob. This makes it easy to
volunteers in different precincts than to have 1,000
distribute and it is more certain to be found by the
in the same precinct. Your objective is to locate two
homeowner or apartment dweller.
or three workers in as many precincts as possible.
The VICTORY KEY carries a message asking
citizens to volunteer their time toward the election of
Richard Nixon. Citizens will fill in and mail the
HOW TO ORDER VICTORY KEYS
postcards which form the bottom portion of the
key. The upper postcard will be sent to our head-
quarters. We will, in turn, send the postcards to
Only members of Youth for Nixon may order
your State Citizens for Nixon organization, which will
keys at no cost. Use the form in this brochure. A
contact the volunteers and make assignments when
re-order form will be sent with every shipment.
the time is right. The other postcard can be used by
the recipient to send to a friend urging support of
If you are working alone, that is, if you are not a
Richard Nixon.
member of a Victory Team, you may order a maxi-
mum of 200 keys at a time.
If you locate at least 25 volunteers and they mail
in their postcards, you will receive a Silver Key Cer-
If you are a member of a Victory Team, your
tificate from Youth for Nixon. At the end of the
Team Captain must place the order. He can order
campaign a Golden Key Award will be given to the
a maximum of 500 at a time. Remember, each
Youth for Nixon member in each state who has lo-
member of the Team should put his own member-
cated the greatest number of volunteers and awards
ship card number on the postcards he distributes.
will be given to the members of the Victory Team
that, as a group, has found the most volunteers.
How do we keep track of those who find volun-
KEY TO VICTORY AND YOU
teers? If you will check the postcards on the VIC-
TORY KEY you will find the words "distributed by"
in a small box in the corner. Now check your Youth
Richard Nixon's victory in November will not
for Nixon membership card and you will find it has
begin when the first vote is cast, but when you place
a number on it. Just write this number in the box
the first VICTORY KEY in your area. The victory
on the postcards before you distribute them and as
equation can result in VICTORY only if you do your
the postcards come in we will keep track of how
part. In November, YOU will be certain that Nixon's
many volunteers you have located.
triumph began with your commitment.
Bd.,
Kamital
missed
night
note
RFK-In Sorrow
and
MURRAY KIMPTON
1 11111 sorrler that Robert Kemedy is dead than
beyond him this year. 110 had probably come to
I am about the harsh things 1. said about him
know this; the stridency of his beginnings had
before he died, but that smaller sorrow is a very
passed after Oregon, 1114 enemies said that his
large one indeed.
new bearting: was a eatentation to butten his Image
Reconciliation with his death Is in a minor
RS a hard man. But Phose gentle manner are
way easier but in a major way much harder
what those who SRAW bim fairly often remember
than with the death of his brother. 11 is easier
best: they were what was normal In him; the
because President Kennedy must have been SO
stridency had been forced.
happy when he died and Sen. Kennedy must have
Itis great wound was the best of excuses for
been SO unhappy, not SO much as he was five years
an act which STIH seemp to me unlikeable while
ago, but in it way quite obviously acute enough.
his person never really was. We, 114 much as
An old friend, long defected to Sen. McCarthy,
any people, know now what a horrror is described
visited him in San Francisco the weekend before
when anyone says that polities begins at the
he was murdered. The conversation went SO badly
barrel of 11 gun. We have endured five years of
that the visitor departed feeling that each had
the polities of resentment. If Vice President
lost a friend.
Humphrey had beaten Sen. Kennedy at the end,
"Going away," he remembered, "I said that
his wound would, I think, have been closed and
I wished I could think of a joke to cheer him
our painful history since his brother's death
up, and he answered that it wouldn't do much
would have been healed Instead of lying raw and
good."
open as if Is now.
Robert Kennedy was greatly able to be happy
And then Sen. Kennedy's returnd sympathies
and greatly able to he unhappy. It was Impossible
could have flowed 08 They were meant to: he
not to feel that the last 10 months, first of with-
could have become what he may have been
drawal and then of sudden eruption, had been
better suited to be than any politician ative, the
generally unhappy for him. He was SO vudnerable
tribune of the losers in our society, the repre-
in SO many whys and most of all to the hurt of
sentative of the unrepresented, Now he Is de-
being disliked by persons to whom be had never
prived of that high vocation and we of that
1
done OF contemplated harm. When he died he
great service, 11 is impossible, without the prom-
had just won the California primary by not quite
ise of that presence, to Imagine what will become
enough votes to relieve him of that hurt.
of us.
%
SY.
And then, great as his charm was, he was
And now one more private thought I cannot
the Kennedy least suited to life on campaign. He
conceive a time when I can again write about
was designed to be the trainer rather than the
our polities as the easual comedy it has most
horse, the manager rather than the candidate.
often seemed to me. Our politicians are Just foo
A
He did not have that courteous, detached con-
vulnerable to be thought of in the old callous
tempt for his rivals that his older brother
way; we must continually see them in life as
had; and the nature which cheerfully endured
we would in the shock of death when we would
making enemies in his brother's cause suffered
be conscious only of the good in them. We shall
when he made them in his own. Even his ambi-
have always to remember that Vice President
tion did not have that pure and selfish quality
Humphrey's heart is as kindly as it sometimes
which can make the life enjoyable for successful
seems feeble, that Mr. Nixon's persistence is as
politicians; it was an ambition less for himself
heroic as it is SO often depressing. The language
than for the restoration of il lime that could not
of dismissal becomes horrible once you recognize
be restored. It is an awful and exhausting thing
the shadow of death over every public man. For
A
to have been forced by circumstance to identify
I had forgotten, from being bitter about a Tem-
history with yourself. There is, then, the small
porary course of his, how much I liked Sen. Ken-
I
comfort of knowing that he can rest at last.
nedy and how much he needed to know he was
1.
But there remains the larger pain that the life
liked. Now that there is in life no road at who:
was SO incomplete. President Kennedy died, after
turning we could meet again, the memory of
¹, at his summit; Sen. Kennedy died on a long
having forgotten will always make me sad and
climb toward a height which was, by every sign,
indefinitely make me ashamed.
YOUTH FOR NIXON
918 16TH STREET, N.W. / WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006 / TELEPHONE (202) 783-1560
UNIVERSITY
ILLIN
June 7, 1968
MEMORANDUM
From: Wm. Dowd, field rep.
Re:
CAMPAIGN FILM FOR TV SPOT USE, USING LAW STUDENTS.
When the late RFK campaigned for the U.S. Senate against Kenneth
Keating in New York he naturally made much use of television. One of the
most effective things he or any other candidate has ever done, in my opinion,
was to make considerable use of táped sessions in which he answered usually
hostile questions from students in small, obviously "controlled" college
audiences.
To date, one of RMN's more successful appearances was at Wisconsin
State, where he answered a hostile question about Latin America to the
enthusiastic approval of the audience.
The campaign film which RMN forces are now using has not been well
received by college audiences. While it is reportedly an attempt to portray
the candidate in a friendly, human vein, a consensus seems to be that it is
not oriented enough toward issues, and that it is not geared for college-age
youths.
This memorandum is to suggest that a campaign film be made which
portrays Richard Nixon parrying with an intelligent, uncommitted audience on
the major issues of the day. Actually, such an event could form only a part
of a "campaign film," and SO ths suggestion is further that such a give-and-
take with law students at a leading law school be packaged into videotape
segments that could be used to great advantage during the campaign, as well
as into film shorts for use before college audiences.
Law students provide the ideal audience for a number of reasons:
All such technical efforts are presumably expensive. Second and third-trys
would be an extravagance. Accordingly, any college audience, whether hand-
picked or "random," " could well be a failure either because it does not
present the candidate with articulate and/or difficult questions, or because
its response is unrealistically approving or unapproving.
All such encounters, of course, run a certain risk, but the risks
are much lower when the level of education/intelligence and interest of the
audience (s) is higher. At law schools, this is generally the case.
Another advantage is that, even if this higher level, etc., of the
choseh audience turns out to be illusory, the audience watching the film
or seeing the TV spot is bound to be more impressed when RMN handles a law
student audience rather than any group or any college group.
MEMORANDUM
TO: Tom Evans
COPIES TO: John Mitchell
Bob Ellsworth
Bob Haldeman
Pat Buchanan
Charles Rhyne
FROM: Mort Allin
DATE: 6/2/68
RE: Youth for Nion - Past & Future
I. Mock Conventions and Elections
We won about 70% of those mock conventions (bipartisan and GOP exclusively)
to which we sent materials. Of four major mock conventions -- Washington & Lee,
Purdue, Notre Dame, Ohio University - we won the first two and Hatfield and Rocky
the others respectively. The Notre Dame loss was typical of several others which
we lost (University of Missouri, Illinois State) where there was a large influexof
New Left and/or McCarthy supporters who used the event as a direct adjunct to the
peace movement. At Ohio University a typical situation developed with all possible
nominees joining in a stop-Nixon effort. Although the students were supposed to
represent the sympathies of the state which they represented, anti-Nixon feelings
caused a revolt against such role-playing. It Chio University, this revolt was
nearly total. At Oberlin it had enough force tostop us at 530 votes. Several
conventions which chose Percy did so because of his youth and freshness. Percy,
followed by Brooke and distantly by Reagan, were prominent veep selections.
We recieved some excellent local publicity in California, Texas add Illinois
as well as decent stories in campus press at the many other conventions which we won.
Even at Northwestern, where McCarthy won, the well-organized and colorful Nixon
MEMO -2-
demonstration received the only coverage on Chicago television.
II. Membership
On the grounds that an individual who contributed $ 1.00 would be more
likely to actively participate in the campaign and utilize the materials sent him,
we embarked on a paid membership drive. Approximately 18,000 direct mail
solicitations have been made. Membership applications have also been sent with
all youth correspondence - approximately 15,000 letters answering requests for
materials. About 20,000 membership applications were also sent to Choice '68
colleges. In 25 major college papers a membership coupon was included in the
Choice 168 ad. Over 400 students responded to it.
Through these various methods we have reached a paid membership total of
3490 including members of 247 Victory Teams (groups of 5 or more). Monthly totals
are as follows:
Total Members
Victory Teams
January
622
67
February
872
91
March
1657
155
April
2745
211
May
3381
247
States with the largest memberships are New York - 208, Illinois - 305, California-
270, Ohio - 256, Virginia - 210, Indiana - 164, Wisconsin - 153, Texas - 118,
Michigan - 107 and Washington - 105.
All members receive monthly Victory Progress Reports, Committee of One brochure
(listing ways to help RN and providing order blank for materials), Key to Victory
brochure (enabling them to order doorknob hangers) and other information such as El's
Bridges to Human Dignity addresses.
MEMO -3-
III. CHOICE 168
The Situation
TIME magazine last fall decided to sponsor an unprededebted national
collegiate presidential election. They pledged their considerable reputation
as well as sizeable amounts of money to promote this April 24th election. A board
of directors composed of 11 student leaders (editors, government presidents, etc.)
was to decide on policies for the election (candidates and issues to be listed)
with Bob Harris, 24 yr. old former student president of Michigan State as the full
time Executive Director. Harris was given considerable power and leeway in setting
up the operation. In an extended conversation with him Mate January, he stressed
to me the objectivity and fairness which would be maintained by the Choice '68 staff.
(N.B. Harris is now serving as Rockefeller Youth Director)
OUR INITIAL REACTIONS
1) Not without a major effort - PN extended college speaking tours, field
men, large amounts of money and material -- could we expect to run a respectable race
with McCarthy, RFK and Rockefeller. And if such an effort was made and defeat was
received ---- at would even more conclusively show the rejection of our candidate by
college students.
2) But the prestige of TIME and their willingness to back the election all
the way made it obvious that we could not ignore the election either.
3) Thus a middle course was decided upon. We would provide materials to
those of our supprters who requested it. A request was made for additional college
appearances by RN. The following minimum items were proposed:
a. 10 copies of a film - preferably along the lines of the NET Nixon interview.
b. Semi-psychedlic (youth-oriented) posters.
c. Issues sheet - simply and inexpensively printed by which would clearly
delineate RN's views on the issues.
MEMO -4-
The posters were first pushed in November (delivered April 131) as was the film ( de-
livered March 18th). The issues sheet was requested in early March and delivered
April 13th.
THE COURSE OF EVENTS
By early March an increasing concern for our position was evidenced by members
of the staff. "What are we doing" and "Shouldn't we do more" calls were made more
and more frequently to this office. Therefore, on March 9 the following decisions
were made with cooperation and support of Bob Ellsworth and Bill Timmons and
communicated at once to Len Garment:
1) Without RN on campuses, film definitely deeded. Whereas mid-February
or March 1 would have necessitated only 10 films, tate March would require 20 if they
were to be of value.
2) Campaign buttons, bumper stickers and decals would be supplied in sufficient
quantities to make an impact on the campus.
3) Work on the youth-oriented poster should be accelerated immediately and
completed to allow availability by April 2.
4) Prepare mats and repro-proofs of ad to use in college papers. Ads to be
similar to "Thinking Man's Republican" ( changed Republican to Choice) to prevent
delays in preparation of new material. Hopefully these ads would be ready in time
to enable us to send to local supporters who could finanne insertion.
5) Immediate preparation of Issues Sheet. The anticipated distribution of
500,000 of these was not seen as an assurance of victory but more a realistic way to
put the views of the likely GOP nominee on the campus now.
Results of these décisions:
1) 20 copies of film, delivered on March 18.
2) buttons, etc. ordered from Washhgtonmand received by March 25 - April 1.
3) Posters received April 12, although promised April 2.
MEMO -5-
4) Ads received April 10. In order to get placed in time, it was necessary to go
through National Student Advertising Service in New York and finance ourselves.
5) Dolay after delay resulted in final approval of issues sheet copy on April83th.
With rush printing job, costing $600 extra, 500,000 issues sheets were delivered
on April 12. To accompany issues sheet, relatively general in nature, 100,000
NYT December Urban Crisis interview and 100,000 Stevens Point Latin article were
also reprinted.
Between Friday night, April 12 and Wednesday, April 17th, we sent materials
to over 400 campuses. In all, we shipped supplies to 500 of the 1200 participating
schools. Because of the delay in preparing of the issues sheet and poster, it was
necessary to send much of the material air mail and air freight. This was an un-
necessary expense resulting from the unbelievable buck-passing and delays. This
financial expenditure fails to realize the equally important complaining and
dissatisfaction of our supporters.
Besides the above problems which developed on our end, several points
should be made about actions of Choice 168 staff.
1) Underpublicized the event and thus failed to make many students aware of
the election. Thus the moderate, and often apathetic student - with whom our support
lies, was unlikely to vote.
2) Sent out a highly unfactual and blased article to their 1200 coordinators
which stated that EN cared little for students and even less for Choice 168.
MEMO -6-
IV. The Future
Based to some extent on our third place position in Choice '68 as well
as the results of those mock conventions which we lost, (and the close battles in
those we won) I feel there should be a significant reappraisal of our youth
effort from the highest levels of the organization. If RFK or McCarthy are able
to ypset HHH for the nomination, we can easily present the responsible candidate
with whom the moderate student will quickly identify. However, if as appears
more likely, HHH is nominated, it leaves us the excellent opportunity to state
that those who wish to help lead America out of the Johnson Administration morass
must join with Nixon. Like it or not - he will be their only hope and without
going too far with such a pibch, I think wo can approach it and earn substantial
support from those who wish to start anew with a new administration and now ideas.
"Tired of Vietnam - tired of our estrich-like posture in the Middle Last - tired
of the failure to confront our urban problems with realism and candor -- tired of
ever-increasing financial, headaches - Choose the only candidate who can start anew
with a fresh reappraisal of the direction of our Nation. Break away from the
Johnson - Humphrey mistakes," etc., etc. I think such an appeal to college students,
as well as to the public at large, will be well-recieved.
However, literature and small pockets of student support alone are not going
to carry us through the fall on the campus. The candidate must make appearances on
key campuses, expressing himself to students and vice-versa. Puck 6-10 major
schools between Sept. and November and allow for 30-45 minute meetings before or after
speech where student leaders - either neutral or pro-RN - have the opportunity
to talk with the candidate. The effect of these meetings would be tremendous and
would clearly indicate Mi's desire to understand the concerns of the student generation
MEMO -7-
Regarding the speaking engagements themselves, a "q" and "a" session should be held
at each. Whether or not the students agree with each view of the condidate, they
cannot fail to be impressed with his intelligence, logic and overall ability to be
on top of all issues.
We also need a recognition from our state organizations of the importance
of youth to the campaign. If many students who turned their back on LBJ then
turned to HHH over RN, the result could be most adverse. If the state organization
recognizedthe students as valuable volunteer workers - that is a start in the
right direction. We must not allow our state organizations to react to the youth
operation with either fear or indifference, let alone hostility. They must realize
that other candidates to not have a monopoly on the interests of the young. Also,
they should realize that students will no more say the wrong thing or get in the
way and slow down a professional campaign than the little old ladies in tennis shoes.
RN's theme of the campaign has been to provide the best leadership possible
to guide our Nation in the last third of the 20th Century. This period will be the
time when today's students are shaping their lives and the policies of the U.S. They
are, or should be, a key factor in the development of RN's campaign theme.
My primary recommendation, then, is for direct participation by RN on the
campuses. If this does not occur there is lttle that can be done in developing
the latent support for us on the campus. Our supportees and potential supporters
have been inhibited by the McCarthy and RFK blits. Obviously, both of them went
too far and have alienated the middle-aged voter. But the candidate himself must
show visible interest in the student if any of our organizational efforts are to
pay off. Time and again key students - including Republican activists who greatly
admire RN -- really wonder if the candidate angives a damn about the student population
MEMO -8-
V. Specific Plans for Summer and Fall
A. Utilize 3-5 fieldmen to onlist student leaders and develop our existing
organizations at local and state levels.
1. Fieldmen will seek to contact student leaders (government, athletic,
fraternity and sorority, dormitory etc.) and wither have them sign on
dotted line for RN or open them to possiblity of supporting him. Through
this operation we will expand our Student Advisory Board - now some
60 strong. We will attempt to set up regional seminars where 20-30 student
leaders will meet with such individuals as Jay Wilkinson, Jack Kemp and
others who have not only a name lyt are qualified either through staff
position or keen understanding of the candidate's views and Miskground.
2. Fieldmen will seek to contact YFN college members, YR leaders as well as
individuals suggested by student leaders and assist them in organizational
plans for the fall. We will have a literature sign-up table on every
campus possible on the first day of registration in the fall. We will
also set plans for literature distribution at college football games.
3. Fieldmen will initially visit with NFB Chairmen and express our desires
to heap organize youth in their states. to provide meaningful campsigg
assistance. By meeting with student leaders, YEN and YR activists, and
the NFP organizational heads, we will plan to leve a Youth Lirector in
each state by Aug. 10th. (20 have 80 far been selected by state chairmen)
B. Key to Victory Program
To provide a program which students can participate in at this time,
doorknob hangers will be sent to all members who request them. Besides giving
the students a worthwhile activity, we will hopefully garner the names of adult
volunteers. Attached is a Victory Key and the brochure describing this program.
MEMO -9-
6. County and State Fairs
The enthusiasm and color which young people bring to a campaign can
profitably be utilized at such events. Hopefylly our state chairmen will
encourage the setting-up of booths at as many of these events as possible - and
that they will in turn use students with the girls attired in Nixon girl outfits
and the boys in straw hats, etc. At major events of this type, Julie, David and
Tricia could be considered for brief vidits.
D. Registration Week Tables
We must have available the following items for these tables in the fall:
1) Issues Sheet
2) Buttons
3) Dumper stickers
4) Paper Posters
I am considering the best way of securing members for that time to enable
us to defray expenses.
E. Debators
Whittier College students John Rothman and Tale Lewis, excellent speakers
and most informed on RI, will be available from mid-August through the election to
debate or take on individualsspeaches on an expenses-paid only basis. Radio talk
shows, service clubs can be effective forums for them along with campus appearances.
F. Law Students and Graduate Students for Nixon
Under the direction of Bill Dowd, already in charge of Law Students for Nixon,
a concerted effort will be made to use these individuals in campus leadership positions
and in speaking engagements, both on and off campus.
G. Mock Elections
Where the climate looks favorable, we will seek to organize rock elections
in conjunction with the Young Repulibans. Gov. Nunn's close win in 1966 was aided
MEMO -10-
greatly by the mock elections carefully set up by the Young Republicans. Nunn -
not exactly a youth hero-type visited the campuses and the supporters distributed
youth-oriented literature.
VI. Concerns
A. A National Chairman - Why not Iavid Eisenhower?
B. Coordination - We cannot afford to cortinue to have the hang-ups
which occurred with Choice 168 materials as well as with membership applications
revised three times with unnecessarily long delays.
C. Direct involvement by the candidate on the campuses.
1
JOINT
5
CENTER
FOR URBAN STUDIES OF THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND HARVARD UNIVERSITY
66 Church Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 868-1410
Nov 30,
Dear Len,
I make no great claims for this, but am not unashamed
of the final reference to service at sea and in the air
In order that you might be clear who you might
be getting, I enclose two papers. One on automobile safety,
the other on insurance. Both are pretty tough on the business
interests involved. The sensible men in each industry
(and here, oddly, I enclude Roche of GM) have seen that what
I have been saying to them the past decade is that unless they
regulate themselves they will end up regulated by government.
Which no one wants. But on balance I would imagine my reputation
is not especially good, and you should know this.
I also enclose my HEW report, one of the best unread
documents of the year. Alas the day it was
issued the Washington Post decided to leak the Kerner Commission
report! Also the New School talk, which I gave to the Atlantic.
You would be interested to know that among the
cognoseenti the S.6.M. project in Baltimore (p. 3) is the
thing in urban design. But we are getting a rough time from
the highway types, and that is ever the story.
That was indeed a good dinner. Give absolutely
no thought to this if it gives you trouble as I assume it
will.
Best,
NL
1968
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