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This file contains:
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. Includes cover page, index, and "The Seven Deadly Sins of Campaign Management." 3 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Biographical Material" tab. 9 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Agriculture" tab. 3 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Budget" tab. 5 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "CDC" tab. 13 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Civil Defense" tab. 3 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Civil Rights" tab. 5 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Economic Expansion" tab. 5 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Education" and "Government Reorganization" tabs. 4 pages. [Report], n.d.
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WHSF: Returned, 64-7
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This file contains:
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. Includes cover page, index, and "The Seven Deadly Sins of Campaign Management." 3 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Biographical Material" tab. 9 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Agriculture" tab. 3 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Budget" tab. 5 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "CDC" tab. 13 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Civil Defense" tab. 3 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Civil Rights" tab. 5 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Economic Expansion" tab. 5 pages. [Report], n.d.
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob Haldeman by the Republican Research Center. "Education" and "Government Reorganization" tabs. 4 pages. [Report], n.d.
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Richard M. Nixon's Returned Materials Collection
Returned White House Special Files
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Richard Nixon Presidential Library
White House Special Files Collection
Folder List
Box Number Folder Number Document Date Document Type
Document Description
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. Includes cover page, index, and "The
Seven Deadly Sins of Campaign
Management." 3 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Biographical Material" tab. 9 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Agriculture" tab. 3 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Budget" tab. 5 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "CDC" tab. 13 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Civil Defense" tab. 3 pages.
Monday, October 01, 2007
Page 1 of 2
Box Number Folder Number Document Date
Document Type
Document Description
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Civil Rights" tab. 5 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Economic Expansion" tab. 5 pages.
64
7
n.d.
Report
Candidate's FACT BOOK prepared by Bob
Haldeman by the Republican Research
Center. "Education" and "Government
Reorganization" tabs. 4 pages.
Monday, October 01, 2007
Page 2 of 2
Candidate's
FACT BOOK
prepared for
BOB HALDEHAN
by the
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
Room 821
315 West Ninth Street
Los Angeles 15
MAdison 3-6227
The Republican Research Center is a co-operative project of the California Republican
State Central Committee, Republican Associates of Los Angeles County, and the campaign
organizations of the major statewide candidates. Its co-ordinated program eliminates
duplication of effort and carries into political campaigning the Republican principle
of efficiency without lessening effectiveness, something we hope will be returned to
California state government following this year's election.
INDEX
BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL
AGRICULTURE
BUDGET
CDC
CIVIL DEFENSE
CIVIL RIGHTS
ECONOMIC EXPANSION (Business Climate, Jobs, etc.)
EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION
LAW ENFORCEMENT
(Crime, Narcotics, Prisons, etc.)
RECREATION & PARKS
(Squaw Valley, Conservation,
Fish & Game, Natural
Resources)
TAXES
WATER
WELFARE
NIXON
BROWN
FACTS & FIGURES
MISCELLANEOUS
"THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS OF CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT"
*
1. ADLIBBING
No study, no plan, no theme, no calendar, no budget --
result: no hope.
2. WHEELSPINNING
Using a lot of horsepower while standing still.
Always talking to the same groups of people because
you didn't get a truly representative committee.
3. FISCAL
Using wrong proportions of your budget for the wrong
FATHEADEDNESS
things. Substituting spending money for clear
thinking.
4. GADGETEERING
Substituting a clever slogan or a glow-in-the dark,
whizz-bang balloon for solid intelligent conversation
and enough volunteers to cover the district.
5. IMITATING
Trying to carry the whole campaign on your shoulders;
ATLAS
attempting to do all the work yourself rather than
seeing that it gets done.
6. POLLYANNAISM
Wishful thinking, refusing to face the true facts
about yourself, about your candidate, about your
opponent, about the district and about the issues.
7. PANICKING
Reacting to the actions of your opponents or the timid
sheep in your campaign, wasting time in frantic
conferences rather than sticking to the main task and
steering your own course.
compiled by
REPUBLICAN ASSOCIATES OF LOS ANGELES
315 West Ninth Street - Room 1123
Los Angeles 15, California
BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL
THE REPUBLICAN TEAM FOR STATEWIDE OFFICE IN '62
The reason Republican candidates for statewide office have been consistent
winners, despite the fact that Democrats have been in the majority in this
state since the early 1930's, is the fact that the GOP has consistently
presented higher quality MEN to the voters.
And never in the history of California has the Republican Party presented
a better team of candidates to the people than in 1962. Each is qualified
in his own right; they complement each other in age, experience, background
and personality. They make quite a contrast to their Democrat opposities
Democrat
Republican
GOVERNOR
"Half-Vote" Brown, who couldn't
Richard M. Nixon--a man of nation-
deliver his own delegation at the
vs
al and international stature--a
1960 Democrat convention.
leader for a leading state.
LT. GOVERNOR
Glenn Anderson, a political ac-'
George Christopher, two times mayor
cident whom even Democrats admit
vs
of a great city--a Democrat city in
would be a disaster as Governor.
voter registration.
ATTORNEY GENERAL
Stanley Mosk, who's played poli-
Thomas Coakley, a distinguished
tics as National Committeeman,
vs
judge who's presided on the bench
while state crime has skyrocketed.
in most of the counties of our state.
Three years Assistant Attorney Gen.
CONTROLLER
Alan Cranston--sole qualifica-
Bruce Reagan. More than a decade
tion: founding the ultra-lib-
vs
of legislative experience, presi-
eral CDC.
dent of a large financial institution.
TREASURER
Bert Betts. In succession, he's
John Busterud. Legislative leader,
appointed a roofing contractor
vs
outstanding attorney, state's lead-
and an automotive repair man as
ing authority on constitutional re-
Assistant Treasurer.
form.
SECRETARY OF STATE
Don Rose, a party hack selected
Frank Jordan, Secretary of State
to balance the ticket.
vs.
since 1942.
UNITED STATES SENATOR
Richard Richards--idol of the
Thomas H. Kuchel, running on a record
vs
CDC liberals--rejected by the
which includes: Assemblyman, State
voters in favor of Kuchel in '56.
Senator, State Controller, GOP State
Chairman, and U.S. Senate-Whip.
RICHARD M. NIXON
born in Yorba Linda, California, January 9, 1913;
second of five sons of Hannah Milhous and Francis
Anthony Nixon; married Patricia Ryan, 1940; two
daughters, Tricia and Julie.
Education
elementary and secondary education in California
public schools; graduate of Whittier College (A. B. 1934)
and Duke University Law School (LL. B. 1937).
Professional Career
General practice of law in firm of Bewley, Knoop and
Nixon, Whittier, California, 1937-42; attorney in
Office of Emergency Management, Washington, D. C.,
Jan to Aug 1942; of Counsel, firm of Adams, Duque
and Hazeltine, Los Angeles, California, 1961 to
present.
Service Record
Commissioned in the Navy as a Lt. (j.g.) in 1942;
served in the South Pacific for 13 months; stateside
duty in Ottumwa (Iowa), New York City, Philadelphia,
and Baltimore; discharged as Lt. Commander in
Jan, 1946; presently Commander, USNR.
Public Service
U. S. Representative from California, 80th and 81st
Congress, 1947-51 (Un-American Activities Committee,
Select (Herter) Committee on Foreign Aid, Education
and Labor Committee).
U.S. Senator from California, 82nd Congress, 1951-
53, elected by a majority of 700, 000 votes (Expendi-
tures in the Executive Departments Committee, Labor
and Public Welfare Committee).
Vice President of the U.S., 1953-61 (President of the
Senate, statutory member of the National Security
Council; personal representative of President Eisen-
hower on goodwill trips to 54 countries; Chairman of
the President's Committee on Government Contracts;
Chairman of the Cabinet Committee on Price Stability
for Economic Growth).
Republican nominee for President, 1960, barely
defeated in the closest popular vote in history.
Candidate for Governor of California, 1961
Nixon for Governor Committee
3908 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles, California
DUnkirk 8-3385
BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE CHRISTOPHER
George Christopher's personal history and long career in public
service are dramatic proof that America is still the promised land
of the melting pot and opportunity, where all citizens are free
to seek and achieve outstanding accomplishments on their own
initiative and ability, without regard to race, creed or color.
The son of a Greek immigrant, George Christopher left day school
at the age of fourteen because of his father's lingering illness,
but continued his schooling at night. Four years later he graduated
from high school and enrolled in college, where he studied for
five years, graduating with a degree in accounting. This totalled
nine years of continuous night class attendance.
After practicing as a Public Accountant for several years, he
founded a small milk company. Today the highly successful Christopher
Dairy Farm is the largest independently owned dairy in the San
Francisco Bay Area. A conscientious fighter for the rights of
small business, farmers and consumers against monopoly, George
Christopher has long vigorously opposed price-fixing laws and
agreements.
The memory of Christopher's youth has never been left entirely
behind as indicated by his constant efforts and financial support
in behalf of athletic groups and other character-building youth
activities. Today, more than 30,000 California children each
year attend baseball and football games through his generosity.
In 1945, following his meteoric success in the business world,
George Christopher entered public service through election to
the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. San Franciscans rewarded
his ability, his courage and his energy "to get things done" by
re-electinghhimsto.bhe Board by-overwhelming majorities. KHettwice
served as President of the Board in recognition of the highest vote
ever accorded any member of that Board.
In 1955, the people of San Francisco elected him Mayor by the
largest majority ever given a candidate for that office.
In 1959 the confidence of the people was again evidenced by
George Christopher's re-election for an additional four-year
term in the office of Mayor.
San Francisco, under Mayor Christopher's guidance, was designated
by Fortune Magazine as "one of the best administered cities in
the United States". The New York Times termed him a "Master
Salesman" for the major part he played in the successful efforts
to bring Big League baseball to California. Former President
Hoover--a Republican whose outstanding talents were enlisted by
the Democratic Truman Administration to reorganize and streamline
the administrative offices of the Federal Government--has praised
George Christopher as "the best Mayor of any large city with which
I am acquainted.'
- 2 -
Since George Christopher assumed the role of chief executive of
San Francisco, the city has shown a continually declining crime
rate. He has won national attention for his vigorous efforts to
bring complete integrity to the Police Department.
In recognition of George Christopher's outstanding administrative
ability, he was elected president of the American Municipal
Association in 1957--a unique distinction rarely bestowed upon
a first-term official. The organization consists of several
thousand mayors and officials from more than 13,000 communities
throughout the United States.
In his official capacity, George Christopher, with his charming wife
Tula, has entertained with unfailing graciousness and hospitality
kings, queens, premiers and presidents from all over the world.
Following the 1959 visit of Nikita Khrushchev to California--
requested by the President and the State Department--Christopher
received a formal invitation to visit the Soviet Union. He
accepted the invitation and in February of 1960 paid a courtesy
call on the Russian Premier in the Kremlin and extensively toured
the vast lands behind the Iron Curtain.
This historic Kremlin visit and tour of the country impressed
Mayor Christopher with America's need to more fully awaken to
the serious impact being made on the economy of the Western
World by the Soviet brand of industrial competition.
As a dynamic public official and highly successful self-made
businessman, Mayor George Christopher has consistently been
a vigorous exponent of the free enterprise system, and throughout
his career has steadfastly opposed excessive governmental controls.
He has had widespread rank and file labor union support in his
campaigns for public office, and in his business life he has
played a leading part in stabilizing labor negotiations affecting
the milk industry. In the 22 years of its existence, his own
plant has never experienced one hour of work stoppage.
A skilled negotiator, Mayor Christopher has successfully averted
several threatened breakdowns in labor-management disputes of
serious import to San Francisco, including streetcar and civic
opera strikes.
He has acquired intimate knowledge of State Government through
his close working relationship with legislators and State officials
on common problems. He is a firm champion of urban-rural and
inter-regional cooperation. In great demand in recent years for
speaking engagements throughout California, George Christopher
has a wide acquaintance and growing following in every section
of the State, in recognition of his emergence as one of the truly
utstanding men in public service on the California political
scene.
July 20, 1962
BRUCE V. REAGAN
HIGHLIGHTS
"To Safeguard Your Future"
Bruce V. Reagan was born in Minnesota in
Elect
1902 and came to California in 1922, lo-
cating in Pasadena. He was married to
Muriel Benton Reagan in 1923. Their son
BRUCE V. REAGAN
Bruce V. Reagan, Jr., is in the investment
business in San Diego, marking the third
generation in this field. He is married to
REPUBLICAN NOMINEE FOR
Lark Irene Reagan and they have three
children, Bruce III, John King and Lark
California State Controller
Erin Reagan.
Bruce V. Reagan served as a Major in
World War II on Supreme Headquarters
staff in England, France and Germany. He
has been active in Veteran's Organizations,
as well as Civic Affairs in such groups as
Kiwanis, Chamber of Commerce, Masons,
Tournament of Roses and many others.
A Republican leader for many years and
a three term Assemblyman, Reagan serves
on such committees as the Joint Senate
Assembly committee for Public Retirement
Fund Investing, Finance and Insurance, and
Education and authored or co-authored
many important bills in financial areas.
Reagan has been known as a staunch con-
servative advocate of initiative and self reli-
ance and as a determined foe of entrenched
bureaucracy and galloping socialism.
Bruce V. Reagan has been a successful
Investment Banking and Savings and Loan
FINANCIALLY SOUND
Executive in Pasadena for more than 30
years.
EXPERIENCED - - DEPENDABLE
THE MAN FOR THE JOB
THE JOB
BRUCE V. REAGAN
CALIFORNIA STATE CONTROLLER
1. For more than 30 years recognized as
a successful professional leader in fields
1. Most important ELECTIVE Fiscal job in
of financial investment.
the United States. (Similiar Federal jobs
2. More than 30 years successful experi-
are appointive.)
ence in investment of money for both
public and private funds.
2. Responsibility for the Investment of
hundreds of millions of public and
3. As an administrator, Reagan will
retirement funds. (Teachers, Public
replace present incompetents with ex-
Employees, etc.)
perienced, able appraisers, and will
eliminate present double taxation
3. State's chief tax collector as Chairman
where possible.
of Franchise Tax Board and as state-
wide member of the Board of Equali-
4. Reagan as a businessman and legisla-
zation.
tor has proven his dedication to giving
the people full, honest and accurate
4. State Auditor - Responsible to the
information at all times.
people for honest, independent finan-
5. Reagan believes more careful auditing
cial reports.
can cut present wasteful payout of State
funds.
5. Responsible for all money disbursed
from State Treasury for Education, Wel-
6. Reagan's broad experience will be of
fare, Highways and other subventions.
enormous value in deliberations of 18
boards and commissions.
6. Active member of 18 important Boards
and Commissions.
7. Reagan expects to vigorously sponsor
legislation in financial areas to build a
7. Offers vast opportunities to initiate
better business climate for better jobs
constructive economies in California's
in a free economy California. His out-
Government.
standing record in the State Legislature
as a recognized authority on fiscal
matters guarantees action.
An Outline Biography
JOHN A. BUSTERUD
Candidate for Treasurer
State of California
PERSONAL HISTORY:
Age: 41
Married: Lives in Santa Rosa with his wife Anne and three children;
John 7; James 4; and Mary 2
Education: Public schools in Coos Bay, Oregon
University of Oregon, majoring in Economics; graduated with
honors in 1943, Phi Beta Kappa
Yale Law School, LLB 1949; an editor of Yale Law Journal
Military Service: Served in World War II with General Patton's 3rd Army. Now a
Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve
OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY:
Attorney, practices law in San Francisco and Santa Rosa as a member of the firm of
Broad, Busterud and Khourie
SERVICE IN CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT:
Legislator; elected to the Assembly from the 22nd District in 1956, re-elected in 1958 and 1960.
(First ran in 1954, lost to incumbent by only 130 votes in a district with 60% Democrat
registration. In 1956, he overwhelmingly defeated same incumbent.)
Republican leader; served as Republican Caucus Chairman in 1961 and 1962 Legislative Sessions.
Committees: Constitutional Amendments (Former Chairman)
Ways and Means
Judiciary
Education
Elections and Reapportionment
AFFILIATIONS:
American Bar Association, San Francisco and Sonoma County Bar Associations
San Francisco Lawyers Club
Commonwealth Club of California
American Legion
Veterans of Foreign Wars
American Academy of Political Science
Guardsman, Bay Area youth welfare organization
Trustee of Grace Cathedral
Director of San Francisco Council of Churches
PLATFORM
PUBLIC FINANCE: "The Treasurer of California must market over
a half billion dollars in State bonds, and safely invest millions
of dollars in State funds each year. I pledge the utmost care
in guarding and wisely investing the money of the people of
California."
TAXES: "I have always fought higher State taxes, and shall
continue to do SO. Government already takes too much from your
pocketbook at the Federal, State and local levels."
ECONOMY: "A vigilant Treasurer should be the 'watchdog of the
public purse.' I will continue to fight for elimination of un-
filled State jobs, for lower cost of government and to curb
government waste. The only way taxes can be cut is by strict
economy."
RECORD AS ASSEMBLYMAN
TAXES: Authored bills to repeal sales tax on drugs, reduce
State income tax, cut taxes on small business, and
give elderly citizens tax credit.
Opposed cigarette tax and higher personal income taxes.
ECONOMY: Consistently fought to slash government expenses,
led economy bloc in 1962 Legislature which brought
millions in budget savings.
BOND FINANCING: Authored legislation to require stricter
controls over State bond financing.
Successfully fought to give people "the right to choose"
by putting all $970 million of 1962 State bond issues
on one ballot.
Has supported important bond proposals for schools and
college construction, and veterans' home loans, but
urges more economy and "pay as we go" financing on
new State programs.
++++++++++++
AGRICULTURE
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
AGRICULTURE
MAJOR ISSUES IN AGRICULTURE
Labor.
It is generally agreed that the Brown Administration and its political shock
troops, the California Democratic Council, are strongly biased toward organized
labor and have shown little understanding of agriculture's important contributions
to the total state economy or to the particular problems characteristic of farming.
Although California wage rates are higher than those prevailing in competitive
states, the Brown Administration in 1959 attempted to impose a minimum wage on farm
labor. It was defeated only by the spontaneous and overwhelming objection of
farmers.
Not content with this attempt to hobble California's farmers, Brown and the
Democratic majority in the Legislature attempted to pass a "labor reform bill"
which would have given state support to the attempt to unionize agricultural
workers. The bill passed the Assembly but was defeated in the Senate.
Having been defeated in the Legislature, Brown -- through executive order --
restricted the importation of farm labor. This has been a long-time program of
the CDC, which has repeatedly called for an end to the program (Public Law 78).
Brown's action in 1959 resulted in a loss of 25% of the Freestone peach crop
for lack of sufficient labor to pick the crop. More recently, Brown has been
silent about the Secretary of Labor's recent interpretations have in limiting the
employment of bracero labor to 210 days in 35 weeks. Nor did Brown voice any
objections when Billie Sol Estes' pal, Assistant Secretary of Labor Jerry
Holliman, set bracero wages rates at $1.00 per hour while he established rates
in Texas at 70c an hour.
The Department of Agriculture.
Brown has made three politically inspired appointments to the key position of
Director of Agriculture. First was the notorious William Warne, who later tried
to downgrade agriculture and bury it in his own bureaucratic maze. Then he
appointed James Ralph, who was recently fired by the national administration for
being involved with Billie Sol Estes. His latest appointment is Charles Paul,
who was picked for purely political purposes over the heads of more qualified
career men in the Department and state farm leaders.
The Common Market.
Because California's agriculture is based on specialty crops, negotiations
with the European Common Market are of crucial importance to California's farmers.
Brown has gone down the line and endorsed the Kennedy Administration's proposals
in this area. Other than to call non-productive meetings, he has initiated no
efforts to see that California farm products are not put on the auction block in
the proposed trade agreements program.
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL FACTS - STATEWIDE
1. There are 99,000 farms; 67,000 of them are productive, commercial farms which
put more than $3 billion into the State's economy each year.
2. Agriculture generates wealth each year. Unlike mining or oil production, for
example, the farmer renews wealth constantly. Moreover, agriculture generates
employment and wealth in associated businesses--transportation, supply, equip-
ment, etc.
(a) Production agriculture provides an average monthly employment of
more than 450,000
(b) 8% of total civilian employment derives from agriculture.
(c) There are 35 persons employed in the processing of food and kin-
dred products for each 100 persons employed in farm production.
(d) There are approximately 14 employees in the wholesaling of groceries
and related products or raw materials, and 18 more in retail food
stores, for each 100 persons employed on the farm.
3. California farmers spend about $300 million each year for commercial feeds.
4. California farmers buy $70 million worth of commercial fertilizers each year.
5. Labor earns $453 million annually from agriculture.
6. California farmers spend about $450 million on transportation each year.
(a) Agriculture accounts for 1/3 of all rail shipments.
(b) Agriculture accounts for 1/2 of all shipments out of California.
7. Machine hire costs California farmers $100 million per year.
8. California farmers buy about $90 million worth of petroleum products.
9. Seeds, plants, bulbs, etc., cost our farmers around $40 million each year.
10. For every 100 people employed in commercial agriculture, 263 were employed in
associated industries.
11. For each $100 of gross income to farmers, the multiplied effect in the rest of
the state's economy is $280.
12. The average wage paid to domestic agricultural workers, on a combined hourly
and piecework basis was $1.27 during 1961.
13. While the number of domestic workers has remained fairly constant, the use of
Mexican workers (braceros) has declined. Last year at peak periods, 206,790
domestic workers and 65,000 braceros were employed. In 1959 there were
204,300 domestics and 86,000 braceros.
BUDGET
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
BUDGET
A BUDGET TO MATCH OUR MOUNTAINS
It took California State Government exactly a century -- from 1850 to 1950 -- to
attain a size and complexity of operation that required annual expenditures of one
billion dollars. It took only nine years to double to two billion and it has taken
only three years to bring us to the threshold of a three billion dollar budget.
Governor Brown says that this is all because of population growth but a few pertinent
facts will refute this.
The state's population has increased 109% since 1945, but the state
budget has gone up over 444% on a constant dollar basis.
State employees have gone up over 220% during the same period, and
today 1 in 5.4 wage earners in the state works for state, local or
federal government.
Total amount of the Budget: $2,887,378,806. This is about 200 million dollars over
the last budget. Governor Brown, who should perhaps be pricing items for discount
stores, said the increase is "almost" $199 million in his budget message. This is so
much window dressing, since the hard figures won't be available 'til the June 30th
statement is ready!
Perhaps more important, this budget is 45% higher than the last budget of the Knight
Adminis tration (1958-59), which was just under $2 billion. If the Federal budget
had risen as rapidly as the California state budget during the same period it would
be $114 billion today.
Comparison of Brown's 1962-63 Budget with Republican Budget 1958-59:
% increase
% increase
Functions
1958-59
1962-62
over 1961
over 1958
Education
796.4
1,140.6
8.0
43.2
Highways
457.8
551.5
-6.4
20.4
Social Welfare
188.9
295.3
23.8
56.3
Mental Hygiene
109.3
157.0
5.5
43.6
Corrections
49.1
88.9
9.9
81.0
Resources
123.6
189.8
17.7
53.5
Fiscal Affairs
32.8
45.8
6.2
39.6
Public Safety
20.6
23.0
3.1
11.6
Business & Commerce
12.4
29.0
7.9
134.0
Table 1 PROGRESS OF THE BUDGET
Budget
Surplus
(excluding construction program)
General Fund
Special Funds
Total Budget
General Fund
As Submitted
$1,912,040,405
$832,331,651
$2,744,372,056
$ 2,071,952
Added by Administration
2,766,665
3,469,073
6,235,738
Revised Budget
$1,914,807,070
$835,800,724
$2,750,607,794
Assembly Version
$1,912,412,636
$835,548,442
$2,747,691,078
$ 1,974,793
Senate Version
$1,910,537,364
$835,576,375
$2,746,113,739
$ 3,715,065
Conference Version
$1,912,269,624
$836,926,621
$2,749,196,245
$ 666,408
Final Version-Second Extraordinary Session
$1,908,642,294
$836,926,621
$2,745,568,915
$ 4,320,738
Net Changes Between
Original and Final Budget
$ 3,398,111
$ + 4,594,970
$+ 1,196,589
$ +2,248,786
56
THE TAX DIGEST
SECOND QUARTER, 1962
57
(Note: State Construction Program amounts to $141,809,891, financed entirely by bond funds.)
3.
Breakdown of Expenditures and Revenues into Dollar Components:
TOTAL BUDGET REVENUES
*GENERAL FUND - REVENUES
31.3 Sales Tax
44.5 Sales Tax
20.4 Highway Users (Gas) Tax
17.7 Personal Income Tax
12.4 Personal Income
17.1 Bank & Corporation Tax
12.1 Bank & Corporation
4.2 Inheritancs & Gift Tax
5.4 Motor Vehicle
4.1 Insurance Tax
2.9 Insurance
3.8 Cigarette Tax
2.9 Inheritance & Gift
3.3 Liquor Tax & Fees
2.7 Liquor
1.0 Horseracing Fees
2.7 Cigarette
4.3 All Others
1.5 Horseracing Fees
100.0
5.7 All others, including fees,
oil revenue, etc.
100.0
TOTAL BUDGET EXPENDITURES
*GENERAL FUND - EXPENDITURES
41.6 Education
59.4 Education
20.1 Highway Transportation
25.7 Health & Welfare
17.9 Health & Welfare
4.7 Natural Resources
6.9 Natural Resources
4.6 Corrections
3.2 Corrections
2.2 Fiscal Affairs & Management
1.7 Fiscal Affairs & Management
1.2 Public Safety
1.1 Business & Commerce
0.6 Business & Commerce
0.8 Public Safety
1.6 All Other
6.7 Other
100.0
100.0
Republican Cuts in State Expenses:
For only the second time in California history the Governor had to call an extra-
ordinary session to secure passage of his fiscal bill.
Brown's corpulent budget met head-on with solid Republican demands for substantial
economies:
1. Elimination of 859.5 positions from non-essential areas of
government.
$5 million
2. Requirement of "unidentified savings by statute, rather
than hoping the bureaucrats would effect such economies.
6 million
3. Elimination of various non-essential government
programs.
? million
4. Substitution of anticipated federal funds for state
funds in public assistance programs, the administration
would have enlarged the payments (again!).
12 million
Monagan Task Force Committee recommended cuts (total)
$23 million
4.
All of the GOP amendments fell to defeat under Assembly Democrat votes the first
time around, but by the extraordinary session, election-year spenders were a little
more amenable to ideas of thrift. Republicans succeeded not only in writing a
statutory requirement for undistributed savings into the budget, but raised the
figure $2 million to $8 million.
"Of major significance in changing the total was the increasing of
'unidentified savings'
from $6 million in the budget as sub-
mitted to $8 million in the final legislative version. This has
the effect of increasing the prospective surplus by $2 million and
accounts for most of the net change in the surplus estimate."
-- A. A. Post, Legislative Analyst.
Precarious Budget Balancing:
Still, the soundness of Brown's fiscal policies is precarious -- witness the adminis-
tration panic when Proposition 1 for State Construction Bonds failed to pass in June,
throwing the 1962-62 Budget out of balance $90 million.
Even if the electorate reverses its first judgement and approve the November Proposi-
tion for Construction Bonds, a balanced budget depends on several shaky Brown
assumptions:
1. Favorable economic factors to bring an 8% increase in revenues.
8.6% increase in personal income
12% increase in corporate profits
New records in consumer spending and business
construction
Hopefully California will enjoy such economic prosperity (and Brown is getting a
boost from the White House with its increased spending and defense budget), but should
any of these estimates fail to materialize the result could be serious.
With total state revenues $2.6 billion, a 1% margin of difference
between forecast and realization -- phenomenal accuracy by most
standards -- amounts to more than $26 million, a sizeable figure,
particularly in red!
2. A surplus of some $19 million from 1961-62 available for
expenditure in 1963. Not known yet, this figure depends upon
tax and other revenues living up to expectations. It also
depends upon expenditures remaining within estimates. A
greater caseload due to 1961 liberalizations of social welfare
programs is predicted by some authorities to deplete this surplus.
Obviously, the time has come for a serious study of state spending and a return to
solid financing.
CDC
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
THE CALIFORNIA DEMOCRATIC COUNCIL
Pat Brown and Richard Richards' actions this week in repudiating several long-
standing positions taken by the California Democratic Council came as no surprise
to those who have followed the actions of other Demos seeking re-election in 1962.
This year, for the first time, the supposedly coveted right to appear as an
"endorsed" candidate on the state mailing by which the Council advises Democratic
voters whom it supports, became a stigma to some aspiring politicians.
This amulet to albatross transformation has actually led in a few cases to unheard
of "no-endorsement" positions by CDC clubs -- a strange situation for what was
primarily founded as an "endorsing" body.
BACKGROUND ON THE CDC
The California Democratic Council was founded at Asilomar in January, 1953.
Republicans held 111 of California's 162 elective offices, and there had only been
one Democratic Governor in the 20th century. The Democratic party had failed to
carry the state for Stevenson the past fall despite a 3-to-2 registration
advantage.
In those days the Democrats had no method for selecting candidates, and suffered
from ticket-splitting free-for-alls which handed the election to the Republican --
often in the primary!
The remedy was a design for the selection of Democratic candidates -- foolproof
even under cross-filing.
"A primary purpose of the proposed California Democratic Council
would be to conduct a pre-primary convention every two years to
endorse the best possible Democratic candidates for statewide partisan
office -- and to build party unity behind them. A second purpose
would be to do everything possible to promote and encourage pre-
primary Assembly, County and Congressional District conventions."
Alan Cranston, first CDC President,
to the Founding Convention, November 29, 1953
In March, 1954, the Council held its first state-wide endorsing convention -- and
followed it with conventions in 1956 and 1958. Transformation of the CDC began
at the 1957 convention when the first Resolutions Committee met.
These first resolutions have fallen into oblivion, but the charge issued by
President Cranston gives a good picture of their nature:
"
We bask in the glorious achievements of the New Deal but
we fail to grapple with the true issues of our day. It is to this
task that we now must turn.
2.
"
The income of eight million American families still is
less than $2000. More than 25% of American families still live
in slums. We must stand firmly at the side of labor to oppose
so-called "right-to-work" laws. We must fight for a decent life
for our fast-rising population of senior citizens.
"But all this is not enough. We must move on to new thinking
about old and new problems
"We must think anew about the whole matter of peace on earth. We
must refuse to surrender totally to the tides of the arms race.
It is our responsibility to seek a policy of peace to match our policy
of power
If we fail to deal with it, we, or our children, or
their children, will pay the price in a war of extermination."
The now-paramount Issues Conferences originated as insurance against an anticipated
drought of enthusiasm in non-endorsing years. Founder Cranston admonished the
CDC in 1957:
"At the Fresno Convention (1958) we must measure every action in
terms of its consequences in the coming campaign
we must
see to it that in our zeal we do not make it impossible to elect
candidates who could carry out our ideas if they were elected.
We cannot achieve what we are after by resolutions; we will achieve
it by winning elections. Let us see to it that every resolution
we pass is one on which we can stand squarely, not defensively, and
one upon which our candidates can stand forth-rightly and without fear."
The 1960 Fresno resolutions and policy statements showed the true colors of the CDC
and brought forth shocked screams from citizens who "thought" they were Democrats --
until they read the CDC resolutions, that is.
The Council's local chapters threw up a semantic smoke screen almost immediately, in
effect saying, "we never said no such thing" when someone brought up the more radical
points of the resolutions and policy statements. Democratic candidates endorsed by
the CDC (many of whom were present and voted on the resolutions) were all too happy
to "correct the distorted interpretation" of the statements.
Decidedly gun-shy after the violent public reaction to the 1960 manifesto, CDC'ers
in 1961 chose to hide their ideas behind a facade of respectability. A comparison
of their policy statements reveals very little difference between 1960 and 1961,
however -- and not even a hint of retraction!
The damning effect of the 1960 Fresno convention has co me home this year. A quick
glance at the product of 1962's Fresno convention shows the extensive watering down
which took place -- especially with the long arm of JFK present in the person of
No. 1 White House counsel, Ted Sorensen, and U. S. Attorney Cecil Poole, who were
pressed into service to fend off controversial resolutions critical of New Frontier
policies.
3.
Under such duress the convention:
1. Dropped from the disarmament policy statement the following
paragraph:
"The risk of nuclear destruction is real, and that risk
justifies assumption of some degree of uncertainty in a dis-
armament agreeeent. We would urge acceptance of a
disarmament agreement with reasonably adequate inspection
provision, rather than futilely insisting upon an absolutely
foolproof inspection system which is too extensive for the
other side to accept.'
2. Scrapped a resolution condemning all nuclear testing in the
atmosphere in favor of a minority report, magnanimously
leaving it up to the President to decide whether to resume
U. S. tests.
3. Slapped both the Brown and Kennedy administrations, however, by
refusing to support fallout shelter programs at any level,
despite the campaign of state and federal heavy-weights --
Sorensen, Poole, Charles O'Brien (Secretary to Brown) and Dick
Tuck (U.S. Department of Commerce; formerly State Department of
Motor Vehicles flack). In true Democratic style they shelved
the issue by turning it over to a special study committee and
the CDC Directors.
The California Democratic Council has gained power and prominence all out of propor-
tion to its size -- 60,000 claimed members, or 1.5% of Democratic strength in
California. Strong organization has enabled it to select, elect and control
Democratic officeholders.
A Democratic candidate is faced with a dilemma. In a contested primary, if he hopes
to raise the victory flag, he must seek the blessing of the CDC -- even though it
may mean holding his nose over the resolutions.
Commenting on Brown's newly found disenchantment with the CDC, Dick Nixon raised a
few questions:
"Why has it taken Brown two years to disavow the extreme positions the
CDC took in 1960? Is it because he needed the legislative support of
CDC-endorsed officeholders who firmly believe in the resolutions? Or
is it because he has just learned from the results of a secret poll that
a vast majority of the California voters violently oppose the radical
positions of the CDC and recognize the obvious dangers in its program?
Has he after all this time finally reached this position because of
conviction or because of the probability of losing votes in November?
"Brown said at the CDC convention last January that he would not appear
on the same platform with the radical left or radical right. He should
now state whether this means he will not endorse Phillip Burton and
John O'Connell, who are running for Assembly and Congress in San Francisco,
and both of whom participated in the San Francisco riots against the
House Un-American Activities Committee. Brown's new position requires
that this time he now follow words with appropriate deeds and action."
YEAR-BY-YEAR COMPARISON
of the
CALIFORNIA DEMOCRATIC COUNCIL
RESOLUTIONS AND POLICY STATEMENTS
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
MILITARY AND DIPLOMATIC POLICY
our long-term aim
(is) the
(Exactly the same statement.)
(Resolution)
the United States should
remolding of the United Nations into a world
reaffirm its continuing support for the
organization that can enact world law,
U. N.
interpret it, and enforce world law upon
5. By encouraging the utilization of
individuals and governments alike, in the
all vehicles for international
field of universal disarmament and war
cooperation
We particularly
prevention.
favor the creation of a permanent
United Nations Expeditionary Force
and an increased reliance on the
International Court of Justice.
There is reasonable hope that the Soviet
We commend the proposition that the self-
Negotiations with the Soviets on these
Union is serious in its current policy of
interests of the Soviet Union do not
conflicts (East-West, especially Berlin) is
peaceful negotiations and the American
inevitably call for military aggression and
not appeasement or surrender, but simply
government would be derelict not to explore
that honorable negotiations are both
common sense.
in good faith every possibility of agree-
necessary and possible.
ment.
(Apparently the CDC learned nothing from
the torpedoing of the Paris Summit
Conference, K and K's futile Vienna
meeting, and negotiations on Berlin.)
rather than insuring our security,
The strategy of deterrence, if pursued
The risks inherent in disarmament pale in
the present United States strategy of
indefinitely, is highly likely to lead to
comparison to the risks inherent in an
deterrence pursued indefinitely will
war.
unlimited arms race
Complete disarma-
eventually result in war.
(Would the CDC rather that we cease trying
ment must be our ultimate goal.
to deter aggression and allow it to succeed?)
Geneva negotiations (nuclear testing and
Communist China should be involved in the
Any workable disarmament must include
disarmament) should be immediately expanded
agreements as soon as possible
We
Communist China and France. Thus, such
to bring in other major powers, specifi-
approve the expressed opinion of United
powers should be represented at disarma-
cally including France and mainland China.
Nations Ambassador Adlai Stevenson that
ment negotiations.
(defacto recognition of Mao's government)
recent UN votes
point to the
eventual admission of Communist China to
the United Nations.
- PAGE TWO -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
MILITARY AND DIPLOMATIC POLICY (con't)
In the event Geneva negotiations deadlock
The United States should continue its
(Resolution)
the CDC condemns the
the United States should
moratorium on nuclear testing while
Soviet Union's resumption of atmos-
unilaterally suspend nuclear weapons tests
negotiations for a comprehensive world-
pheric nuclear testing (and urges an
indefinitely. (underlining ours)
wide inspection system and a permanent
agreement to end testing, but)
we
test ban continue.
urge that the United States, pending
such agreement, continue to refrain from
such activity until such time as it is
determined by our President that to do so
would jeopardize our security
(It seems we should sit by and let the
Soviets test until it's already too late.)
CIVIL LIBERTIES
The House Un-American Activities Committee
...
we hereby reaffirm our continued
(Omitted this whole area from discussion.
should be abolished.
support and endorsement of the policy
Made no effort to repudiate previous
positions which we have previously taken
resolutions.)
Investigations of treason and sedition
on such fundamental issues as non-
should be handled by governmental bodies
disloyalty oaths, capital punishment, the
other than legislative committees. Secret
practices of legislative investigating
committees should be eliminated. Publica-
committees
tion of names of subpoenaed witnesses
should be prohibited. No committee
(The CDC thus advocates that loyalty to
should investigate in areas infringing
the U.S. no longer be a qualification for
freedom of thought, speech or association.
state or federal office; that no
congressional committee should have the
All state and federal non-disloyalty oaths
right to investigate Communist infiltra-
should be abolished.
tion and subversion; that top-secret
testimony be made public; and that there
All legislation inhibiting powers of the
be no future reversal of Supreme Court
Supreme Court in the field of civil
decisions which have greatly restricted
liberties should be defeated.
anti-subversive legislation in the U.S.)
- PAGE THREE -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
LAW ENFORCEMENT
Capital punishment should be abolished.
(The CDC adopted a "Crime" Policy State-
ment without reference to legal weapons
The goal of penal administration should
for law enforcement officers, but
be the prevention of crime and rehabili-
emphasizing the "social sickness" that
tation of the offender.
produces crime. As might be expected
from the CDC, "Spare the criminal --
We urge all California Cities and counties
scorn the victim.")
to set up a Police Review Board, separate
and distinct from the law enforcement
department, with the power to hear
citizen complaints of mistreatment at the
hands of law enforcement officials,
...
and if justified to recommend that
disciplinary action be taken against the
offending official.
(What ever happened to the courts of law?)
NARCOTICS
Police powers should not be extended and
The narcotics problem is but one of the
(No mention is made of the problem.)
individual rights infringed even in
pressing needs for governmental and
narcotics cases, because police powers
community concern with the prevention
will not solve the narcotics problem,
and treatment of crime
we deplore
which is basically an economic, medical
the efforts by some law enforcement
and psychiatric problem.
officials and groups to use the narcotics
(Perhaps this is true for some addicts,
problem to whittle down constitutional
but would the CDC allow the pushers and
guarantees.
peddlers, the destroyers of youth, to
continue increasing California's narcotics
We oppose any legislation to repeal or
traffic?)
modify the Cahan and Priestly decisions.
(Search and seizure and confidential-
informants decisions which fetter peace
officers)
we strongly affirm the
rights of defendants to the fullest
information necessary to the conduct of
their defense.
- PAGE FOUR -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
PORNOGRAPHY AND CENSORSHIP
(Resolution)
the Postmaster General
Extension of governmental censorship must
is engaged in a massive censorship campaign
be resisted as an infringement upon the
substituting his own judgement for the
constitutional protections of freedom of
traditional judgement of the courts
expression
Vigorous enforcement of
We ask that the Post Office Department be
existing laws with regard to pornography
divested of all censorship powers, that
provide adequate methods of controlling
the question here involved be determined by
the distribution of illegal materials.
the Courts, where province over them
properly lies.
(Parents and teachers of the one million
school-age children who receive unordered
Present governmental controls relating to
filth through the mails each year might
pornography and obscenity are adequate.
disagree with these assertions.)
BUSINESS AND LABOR: THE ECONOMY
We ask that the anti-trust laws of the
We reaffirm that maintaining full employ-
state should immediately be strengthened
ment and guiding the economy are prime
and made more effective instruments for
responsibilities of government.
the denial of monopoly power and for the
(Underlining ours)
preservation of fair and open competition.
We support the program of the
We further ask that the state should
Kennedy administration for maintaining
employ sufficient personnel to sustain an
purchasing power by extending unemploy-
aggressive program of statewide enforce-
ment compensation, raising minimum wages,
ment of its anti-trust laws.
and expanding Social Security benefits.
we urge interest rate reductions
beyond those currently proposed. Special
consideration must be given to our senior
citizens and low and middle income groups
in any publicly-supported housing program.
- PAGE FIVE -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
BUSINESS AND LABOR: THE ECONOMY (con't)
In the interest of stimulating the long-
run growth of the economy and of combatting
the current recession, we urge the
Federal Government to increase sub-
stantially its spending on socially use-
ful goods and services, such as on urban
development, on publicly-owned natural
resources and facilities, as well as on
health and education.
The restrictions on traditional union
(Resolution) Whereas section 14(b) of the
activities contained in the new labor law
Taft-Hartley Act permits state legisla-
known as the Landrum-Griffin Law was (sic)
tion which deprives labor and management of
sold as anti-corruption legislation
the right to bargain collectively, with
We urge the repeal of this loosely drawn,
respect to union security clauses
ill-conceived anti-labor law and the
therefore
the California Democratic
enactment of sincere anti-corruption
Council supports repeal of section 14(b)
legislation as was originally proposed.
of the Taft-Hartley Act.
(The CDC apparently believes that business
(In CDC eyes, the federal government is
(Section 14(b) allows the states to enact
monopoly should be restricted and "fair
the ommiscient benefactor, whose duty it
right-to-work laws.)
and open competition" preserved, but
is to regulate all phases of the American
favors only the weakest possible safe-
economy. Rampant government spending on
guards against similar labor union abuses.
social welfare, labor benefits, public
The Landrum-Griffin Law, among other
housing, medical care, and aid to educa-
things, requires yearly financial state-
tion are camouflaged as "counter-cyclical
ments from all -unions.)
expenditures." The loss of self-reliance
and growing "let government do it" ethic
are of no apparent concern.)
- PAGE SIX -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
AGRICULTURE
We oppose extension of Public Law 78
We advocate the termination of Public Law
beyond June 30, 1961. In the event
78 (allowing the use of braceros) within
legitimate labor shortages still remain,
a short period of years and urge the state
we advocate normal immigration to fufill
and federal government to start simultaneous
these needs.
development of adequate sources of
American workers to replace them
(Public Law 78 is the authorization for
the importation of foreign contract labor
(mostly Mexican) to meet labor shortages
during peak harvest seasons. Normal
immigration has never been sufficient to
meet these seasonal shortages, as is
pointed up in every annual report of the
State Farm Placement Service.)
We urge support of AB 1223 now in interim
We urge legislation to protect the right
committee. This bill would raise the
of farm labor to organize and bargain
minimum wage in California from $1.00 to
collectively with their employers and to
$1.25. We call for the passage of this
receive all social and legal benefits
bill without exclusionary amendments.
available to other workers.
(underlining ours)
We commend Governor Brown for his program
(Because California is already paying far
of vigorously promoting and protecting
higher average hourly wages than states
the welfare of California agriculture
with competing agricultural products, farm
through his revitalization of the Depart-
workers have traditionally been excluded
ment of Agriculture under the leadership
from minimum wage legislation. If our state
of William Warne, James T. Ralph and
alone were to pass such a law, California
Charles Paul.
farmers would be placed in an unfair
competitive position, and many would be
(Quite an impressive record of "leaders."
forced out of business.)
Warne -- condemned by a congressional
committee for his waste of U.S. funds in
Iran -- went on to empire-build in the
Water Resources Department and fell under
(continued)
- PAGE SEVEN -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
AGRICULTURE (con't)
fire from Senate Democrat leader Hugh
Burns: "If I were an executive of a
corporation, I wouldn't have such a man
working for me." (See Ammos #13 & #17)
Ralph gained notoriety when he was removed
from the U.S. Department of Agriculture --
after having already been demoted from
Assistant Secretary of Agriculture --
because of involvement in the Billie Sol
Estes scandal.)
MEDICAL CARE
Whereas there is an urgent need to provide
As a long-range goal, we urge establish-
adequate medical care for the people of
ment of a national health insurance
the United States
Be it therefore
program. While developing such a
resolved that we meet this challenge by
program, the federal social security
urging and working for passage of the
mechanism should be extended to give
Forand Bill at this session of Congress.
medical benefit coverage to those who are
employed as well as those who are
(The Forand Bill -- medical care financed
retired, and to include recipients of
under Social Security -- was defeated in
public assistance on a tax-supported basis.
1960.)
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION
We call for the rewriting of our nationality
The CDC reaffirms its positions calling
and immigration legislation to conform to
for revision of the McCarran-Walter
our best liberal and democratic
Immigration and Naturalization Act of
traditions.
1952. Specifically:
1. Non-allocation of visas on the basis
As an immediate measure, we ask that the
of race, color or national origins.
present law be amended to provide a
statute of limitations of five years,
(continued)
(continued)
- PAGE EIGHT -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION (con't)
after which non-citizens can no longer be
2. Revision of the grounds for
threatened with deportation procedures, and
exclusion and expulsion of persons.
foreign-born citizens can no longer be
threatened with procedures to revoke their
3. Elimination of the national
citizenship; such non-citizens and foreign-
origins quota system.
born citizens, after said five year period,
shall be subject only to the laws and
penalties generally applicable to all
citizens and residents of our country.
(Under the present McCarran-Walter Act,
non-citizens and foreign-born citizens can
be deported and citizenship revoked under
certain circumstances if they become
involved in criminal or subversive activities,
or otherwise prove themselves undesirable.)
MISCELLANEOUS
Morton Sobell
Fallout Shelters (Resolution)
(Resolution) Morton Sobell is serving his
tenth year in prison. He has steadfastly
Whereas, it is the aspiration of the
proclaimed his innocence throughout his
Kennedy Administration to give to the
imprisonment.
American people the maximum security in
a world fraught with chronic crises; and
Many eminent Americans and other world
figures including jurists, scientists,
Whereas, fallout shelters are under
clergymen have also expressed substantial
consideration as a means to that end; and
doubt as to his guilt.
Whereas, majority and minority reports of
There does exist the possibility of human
the Resolutions Committee have been filed
error in matters of judgement that has been
with this convention on this issue; and
subjected to the political tensions of the
day.
(continued)
(continued)
- PAGE NINE -
Fresno, February, 1960
Santa Monica, March, 1961
Fresno, January, 1962
MISCELLANEOUS (con't)
Martin Sobell
Fallout Shelters
CDC has traditionally expressed concern for
Whereas, the CDC Convention delegates can
possible infringements upon justice and
best achieve the widest study and wisest
civil liberty.
counsel by a referral of this significant
and complex controversy to a committee
CDC calls upon the President of the United
for study, which should make its report
States to review again the facts in the
and recommendations at the earliest
Sobell case and take necessary action to
feasible time, in such manner as it
secure ultimate justice.
believes will be most suited to its
purpose; and
(Morton Sobell was convicted of aiding
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in their efforts
Whereas, this procedure is in the best
to obtain U.S. atomic secrets and send
interest of the democratic process and the
them to the Soviet Union. He has been
Democrat party;
identified on numerous occasions in
congressional committee hearings by
Now therefore be it resolved that this
corroborated witnesses as an active
resolution be substituted for those sub-
Communist agent. and close associate of
mitted by the Resolution Committee in its
Rosenberg in the Communist apparatus. His
majority and minority reports, and that a
release from prison has long been a pet
study committee be appointed promptly in
project for agitation by both the Communist
order that it may prepare its report and
Party and its numerous front organizations
recommendations as expeditiously as
ever since the close of the Rosenberg trial.)
possible, in such manner as will best
accomplish the objectives herein.
(Translated: we oppose fallout shelters,
but we dare not say so publicly.)
CIVIL DEFENSE
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
CIVIL DEFENSE
THE CIVIL DEFENSE MUDDLE
Major Problem: The plain fact is that California has no civil defense program --
no full-scale plan, no general or specific policy, no clear guide-lines for local
and county planning, no systematic program in action for providing some defense
against blast, some protection against fall-out. Except for a few private firms
and even fewer private families, there simply is no civil defense in this state.
There is, to be sure, an Emergency Office (although what it does
except provide good salaries for a few more political hacks is hard to say) --
but no record of effective action.
There is not, to be sure, the clear national guidance that is
needed in this area. BUT this does not mean that the state can evade its
responsibility to its own people -- or, at the least, make enough noise often
enough to build a fire under the national Civil Defense organization so that it
begins to provide such guidance.
Political Football: Every level of government kicks the ball and passes the buck
to the one above it -- the cities to the county, the counties to the state, the
state to the federal government. And no hard and fast plans get made, no effective
action gets taken. No lower unit wants to budget or spend its own money -- when
there remains a chance of loans and grants from above.
Responsibility? No possible doubt: either the Governor provides the necessary
leadership or no one provides it. And the incumbent has not provided any.
For the Future:
to the maximum extent possible, no new public buildings
without provision for shelter areas (where appropriate --
especially, schools and major office buildings);
--- planning for utilization of parking lots, civic centers,
rapid transit tunnels/viaducts/under and overpasses;
sensible stockpiling program (food and water, medical
supplies, key raw materials for reconstruction);
immediate collaboration with private firms for post-attack
rehabilitation planning (including major service industries --
e.g., banking and insurance);
--- concise, specific, definite emergency orders for the whole
civilian population: what to do, where to go, etc.
These are some of the things that can be done now, steps that can be taken by state
authorities -- even in the absence of national guidance. We can make a start. And
some of the problems we can -- if we must -- solve by ourselves and with our own
resources. Footdragging and endless buck passing is, in any case, no adequate
answer
Politics Today
S.F.
Brown in a Jam
News-
On Civil Defense
Call
By JACK S. McDOWELL
News-Call Bulletin Political Editor
Confused by civilian defense? You're not alone.
Bulletin
It's not generally known, but a staff memo issued to
members of California's Joint Legislative Budget Com-
mittee a few days ago has sent these law-
makers into some plain and fancy head-
11/20/61
scratching.
Legislative Analyst A. Alan Post, in a
discreetly unpublicized memo, suggested that
the senators and assemblymen on this im-
portant money-bags committee take a good,
careful look at the effect of Gov. Brown's
recent actions on the status of the state's
McDOWELL
civilian defense operations.
THE PROBLEM involves legal and financial questions
-the stickiest kind for any administration.
The legislators were informed, for example, that the
role of the California Disaster Office has been "radically
changed" from that on the books-and the basis it has
been financed in state budgets.
By executive order, the governor created a new
civilian defense chief when he named Highway Patrol
Commissioner Bradford Crittenden to the cabinet post
of "public safety administrator." He also decreed that
the "key responsibility for disaster operations" would be
in the hands of the California National Guard-under
Crittenden's direction.
BROWN ALSO created a post of "state emergency
welfare director" to be responsible for the population's
food, clothing and shelter needs in event of a disaster.
This job is in the State Social Welfare Dept. and is
designated as the state's liaison officer to deal with the
federal government regarding use of U. S. funds for
emergency supply purchases.
Then there's the Dept. of Motor Vehicles, which now
has executive orders to study the feasibility of setting up
some sort of a statewide registry to locate and reunite
the scattered members of families after a disaster.
Despite all this, the budget-scanning lawmakers were
informed. the California Disaster Office "continues to be
charged with planning for an emergency-but has no
operational authority.'
Post warned the legislators: "The changes in duties,
through these new executive (governor's) orders, create
some serious doubt as to whether the California Disaster
Office really will and can do the planning any more."
The governor may have to open the special legis-
lative session in February to civilian defense-if it turns
out legislative action is necessary to legalize the spending
necessary for his program.
CIVIL RIGHTS
RICHARD NIXON'S PUBLIC
RECORD ON CIVIL RIGHTS MEASURES
House of Representatives
1947 - POLL TAX
Voted for a bill to prohibit the payment of a poll tax as
a qualification for voting in Federal elections.
Voted against a motion to prevent voting on the anti poll tax.
1949 - POLL TAX
Voted for a bill to make unlawful the requirement that a poll
tax be paid as a condition for voting in a primary or other
election for national officers.
Voted three times against Southern Democratic sponsored motions
to adjourn discussion of the anti poll tax bill--motions which,
if passed, would have killed the measure.
Voted for three motions to close debate on the bill and to
approve it as read into the Journal.
Voted against a motion to recommit the bill for further study.
SEGREGATION IN THE COAST GUARD
Voted for a measure to prohibit segregation or discrimination
because of race, creed or color in the Coast Guard Women's Reserve.
1950 - FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES ACT
Voted for the passage of the bill calling for the establishment of
The Fair Employment Practices Commission to investigate charges of
discrimination in employment situations and then to make approp-
riate recommendations.
Voted four times against Southern Democratic motions to delay
consideration of the bill.
Voted for two motions to consider the bill immediately.
Senate
There were no civil rights measures before the Senate during
Nixon's Term (1950-1952).
-2-
As Vice President - Presiding over the Senate
1957 - CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
In order to speed consideration of the Civil Rights Bill after
months of delay by opponents in the House, Senators Knowland
and Douglas devised a plan to by-pass the Senate Judiciary
Committee. Under their plan, the House-passed bill was placed
immediately on the Senate calendar where it could be called up
for Senate consideration at any time on a simple majority vote.
On June 20th, 1957, Knowland objected to referring the Civil
Rights Bill to committee, and Senator Russell (Dem. Georgia)
took issue with this objection. After considerable debate,
Vice President Nixon stated that in his opinion Senator Russell's
point was "not well taken," and that Rule XXV, on which Russell
relied, did "not require mandatory referral of all bills to
committee."
The Vice President put the question to a vote, and after eight
days of debate the Senate agreed to Knowland's motion that it
begin immediate consideration of the Civil Rights Bill.
As a result of Nixon's action, a further period of obstructive
delays was avoided, and the way was cleared for passage of the
Civil Rights Act of 1957.
JURY-TRIAL AMENDMENT TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957
Nixon publicly opposed this Amendment guaranteeing jury trials
in all cases of criminal contempt, and after its adoption by the
Senate, he stated:
"This was one of the saddest days in the history of the Senate
because this was a vote against the right to vote."
August 2, 1957
1960 - CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
Nixon publicly and repeatedly supported the Administration's
proposals, most of which were incorporated into the Civil Rights
Act of 1960. Nixon stated on February 15, 1960:
"I believe the recommendations
the President has made in his
civil rights message will provide the kind of stimulus and leader-
ship that is needed to bring adherence to the (Supreme Court)
decision."
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
CIVIL RIGHTS
BROWN RECORD ON CIVIL RIGHTS
In 1959 three major pieces of civil rights legislation were enacted: (1) FEPC;
(2) Equal treatment of citizens in business establishments; and (3) Prohibition of
discrimination in any publicly assisted housing accommodation.
The Record of the Fair Employment Practices Commission
Governor Brown boasts of FEPC as his prime accomplishment in the field of civil
rights. It consists of a five-member commission appointed by the Governor and ad-
ministratively assigned to the Department of Industrial Relations. The FEP Act
instructs the Commission to stress conference, conciliation, education and persuasion.
It conciliation fails, the Commission may call public hearings and, if necessary, seek
court enforcement of its orders.
During the Commission's first 31 months of operation, 1592 complaints and requests
for investigation were docketed. Through April, 1962, 1207 cases were closed, and in
only 384 (31.8%) of them was discrimination found and corrected.
Compared to other services in State government, FEPC is expensive in relation to
its caseload. Over the first 33 months of operation, FEPC cost $709,000, or $567 for
each case closed, and $1846 for each case of discrimination which it found. This
compares with an average administrative cost of $122 for each welfare case handled
in California. The average caseload for each FEPC "consultant" was 36 per year (only
3 per month over the first 31 months). Welfare workers have caseloads averaging 120
per month, or FORTY TIMES AS GREAT. Other employees in the Department of Industrial
Relations average more than 700 cases per year.
Despite this high cost in relation to work output, the budget of the FEPC has
more than doubled since it was established: from $162,343 in 1959-60 to a proposed
$341,248 in 1962-63.
Major criticism of FEPC and Brown is that there has been too much emphasis on
the purely legal aspects of the Fair Employment Practices Act - and not enough leader-
ship extended on the personal and educative level - something which is vitally needed.
Brown has a law on the books which gives him the opportunity to give lip service to
the principle - but there have been no real strides forward or significant break-
throughs in opening up closed fields of employment during his administration. And,
further, the present commission has made little attempt to do research into the
causes and cures in this area.
Housing in the 1961 Session!
In 1961 the author of the 1959 anti-discrimination in housing bill, Gus Hawkins
(D-L.A.), introduced legislation to extend the prohibition to all housing, privately
as well as publicly financed, except one-family dwellings occupied by the owner. The
FEPC was to be given the authority to enforce the provisions of the bill. The legis-
lation was bitterly fought, with labor supporting it strongly and the California Real
Estate Board opposing it. In addition, there were others who felt that such legis-
lation violated property rights under the U. S. Constitution.
The bill never got out of the Ways and Means Committee in the Assembly, but a
watered-down version was reported out later that limited its effect to publicly-
assisted housing (1.e., apartment houses built with FHA, VA or California Veteran
Loans) and also tract homes with five or more units, and any house with a veterans
tax exemption. While the Assembly passed the bill, the Senate Committee on Govern-
mental Efficiency sent the bill to a between-sessions study committee. A second
bill introduced by Hawkins was enacted which prohibits discrimination in the sale
of homes that are financed by Cal-Vet loans.
Anti-Discrimination Bills, 1961
Two companion bills requested by Mosk and introduced by Assemblyman Philip
Burton (D-S.F.) and Senator Hugo Fisher would have required the state to revoke
licenses of business or professional people who refused services on the basis of
race or religion. The Senate version was killed in committee, but the Assembly
bill was passed, 51-15, and died in Senate Committee.
Two other bills were also enacted into law. One outlaws the cancellation of
insurance on the grounds of race, color, or national origin; the other banned in-
quiry into race in the charging of insurance premiums and in applications.
1961 Reapportionment Controversy
The Los Angeles Sentinel (Negro Weekly) led a drive for the "two and four"
program by which the principal Negro areas would be spread over two Congressional
districts and four Assembly districts instead of being concentrated largely in one
Congressional district. The drive was a complete failure. While it drew support
from Richard Richards, the American Jewish Congress, and the Los Angeles County
Republican Central Committee, the CDC refused to even permit a resolution to be
presented on the floor of the March, 1961, convention.
Assembly Speaker Jesse Unruh is generally considered to have been the force
frustrating this plan, but he had the assistance of Pat Brown and Assemblyman
Robert Crown (D-Alameda), chairman of the Elections Committee. Hawkins was also
severely criticized for being in on the plot.
In June, after it became clear that the leadership elements of the Negro com-
munity had been snubbed and that nearly all of Los Angeles' Negroes were lumped
into one huge "Jim Crow" Congressional District, the Sentinel bitterly denounced
Brown, Mosk, Unruh, and the Legislature, and blamed the liberals generally as the:
"prime seducer of the Negro community and its voting power
the actions of the Democratic liberals on representation in
government reveal them -- not the bigots and reactionaries --
as the true enemy of the development and self-expression of
our community."
The "liberals", for all of their agitation against using race or color as a
criteria in employment and housing, had formed a Congressional District by drawing
a "color line" around the Negro community.
Brown at the Governor's Conference
Governor Brown's chameleon-like transformations on civil rights were again re-
vealed at the Governor's Conference in July, 1962. While Republican governors were
pressing for a strong resolution on civil rights, Brown said that he didn't want a
resolution on civil rights even presented to the conference because it might "divide"
and cause dissension with the Democratic Party. Just as President Kennedy has refused
to even present a "promised" civil rights bill to Congress during his first two years,
Brown also became a man willing to compromise progress for the Negro because he is
afraid to antagonize the Southern wing within his own party.
Republican pressure finally brought a civil rights resolution to the floor; but
when the vote on it came, Brown was upstairs getting into formal dinner dress, while
the more conscientious governors tended to the important business at hand.
ECONOMIC EXPANSION
THE BUSINESS CLIMATE
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RESEARCH CENTER
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jobs by the hundreds of thousands--because we have the bestuo"
business climate in the United States. (EGB 5/1/62) admun 6
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The Cold Facts, beginning with the June 23 Chronicle: bebulont Jon al
San Transisco Chronicle
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Marchant's announced move to Orangeburg, South Carolina, taking 1200 jobs
with them, was just one in a long series of such moves by firms who have
found it necessary to either move or expand outside California:
a
Cutter Laboratories new plant is in Chattanooga
Friden,
TIA
Inc. (business machines) makes expansions only outside Calif-
ornia, the firm's home state Essick Manufacturing (air 30
conditioners) has new plants in Wisc., N.J., Texas and Ark. B
and has "made its last expansion in California."
The Republican Research Center Room 821 315 West Ninth, Los Angeles 15
Telephone: (213) MAdison 3-6227
Job Climate - 2 - -
According to newspaper and trade sources, other firms not
expanding in California include Cannon Electric, Ampex
Corporation, Food Machinery, Inc., Schlage Lock, and
Robertshaw-Fulton Controls.
A private study conducted in January, 1961, showed that
31 companies, including Heywood-Wakefield (furniture),
Challenger Lock and Allied Control Company, had either
moved out of the Los Angeles area or were liquidated.
Later that year Rheem (hot water heaters, etc.) closed
its South Gate manufacturing plant because it was cheaper
to manufacture in the Midwest and ship in to California.
California Metal Trades Association reported in March, 1961,
that 26 companies had either suspended or curtailed operation
in the San Francisco Bay Area with a resulting loss of
8,650 jobs and $47,000,000 plus in annual payroll.
"Our company has been growing steadily and profitably for
a number of years, and we expect to continue to expand our
operations at the moment, and, frankly speaking, California
is not included in our expansion plans"
quoted from a
letter to Pat Brown (1/12/61) by the president of Interstate
Engineering Corporation.
Note that these companies by and large are not defense connected. The com-
panies which are being hurt are the generalized small manufacturer, pre-
cisely the element we need to provide three vital factors in the California
economy:
Balance in case of any cutback in defense
spending or unemployment due to technological
changes in that industry.
Job outlets for the less-skilled worker.
Growth through new ideas and products.
The "widget" manufacturer is disappearing from the state scene, and with
him our chance to take up the slack in the job market and help create the
250,000 new positions we need every year.
BROWN versus HIS OWN EXPERTS!
All this is borne out by Brown's own experts, who apparently haven't been
informed about the party line. No just Irving Perluss, Brown's Director
of Employment, whose tactlessly truthful "the resultant high taxes make
for a bad business climate" remark last year touched off a storm.
Job Climate - 3 -
This time it was Dr. Charles Tiebout (tee-boo), Associate Professor of
Economics at UCLA, and a consultant to Brown's Economic Development
Agency. On June 21, 1962, speaking at the Governor's Conference on
California Growth, Brown's expert said:
"A region's growth depends on its ability to export its
products. Its fortune is tied to its ability to sell to
other regions. We have done an excellent job selling to
other regions.
"But, the increase in California's exports from 1947 to
now has become almost all defense. Outside of the defense
industry we sell less than we did a decade ago. Almost
all the increase is in the defense and space market.
"This is my main worry. We need to attempt to diversify
the export market. We must plan for growth, but we
must also plan for decline."
LISTED BELOW ARE SOME OF THE REASONS WHY IT MAY BE A LITTLE
DIFFICULT TO "DIVERSIFY" :
California has the second highest tax rate per $100
of personal income of the ten largest industrial states.
TAX RATE PER $100 OF PERSONAL INCOME
California
$ 5.16
Michigan
5.32
Pennsylvania
4.53
New York
4.45
10 STATE AVERAGE
4.24
Per Capital state and local taxes are the highest in
the nation.
The 1959 tax law changes for corporations resulted in a
38 % increase in collections in the first full year.
Changes in the unemployment insurance law by the 1961
Legislature will cost employers an additional 160
million dollars annually
and this is on top of
the 65 million dollar annual cost of liberalizations
made just two years ago.
California has the second most liberal workman's compen-
sation program of all the states.
Average hourly earnings of production workers are the
third highest (2.66) in the nation, trailing only
Michigan (2.76) and Washington (2.68).
A $750 million annual public assistance program -- most
generous of any state.
Job Climate - 4 -
BROWN'S BOASTS versus ROCKY'S RECORD
On June 18th, Governor Nelson Rockefeller answered Brown's unsupported
boasts with a few quiet facts. In a speech to the Empire State Chamber
of Commerce, he cited the record:
"
New York had more new factories underway since the
beginning of 1961 than the next two states combined.
"A survey by the independent magazine Industrial Development
and Manufacturers' Record shows 352 new plants for New York
in 1961 plus 169 more in the first five months of 1962 -- a
total of 521.
"What does the same survey show about other States for the
same period?
"Well, the totals were:
For Ohio, 272
For Pennsylvania, 244
For Illinois, 236
For Texas, 228
For Florida, 226
For Massachusetts, 193
For North Carolina, 173
FOR CALIFORNIA, 159 -- compared with our 521.
"California is the state now most closely rivaling us in
population -- but we in New York have built or started more
than three times as many new plants since the beginning of
last year.
"AND CALIFORNIA'S INDEBTEDNESS HAS BEEN SOARING WHILE NEW
YORK'S HAS BEEN DECLINING." (our capitalizing.)
In closing, Rockefeller asked a rhetorical question, "what does all
this mean?"
"That the fiscal integrity of government -- despite what
President Kennedy says -- is of prime importance in
attracting new industry, in encouraging the investment
of capital in new and expanded plant and equipment, and
in creating more and better jobs." (underlining ours.)
EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION
REPUBLICAN RESEARCH CENTER
1 August 1962
GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION
BROWN'S REORGANIZATION PLAN
"Jobs for Deserving Democrats"
With no general reorganization since 1929, our state government has
become a jumble of 360 haphazardly arranged boards, commissions,
committees, and agencies, each one
(a) responsible directly to the Governor
(b) jealously guarding a vested, bureaucratic interest.
In 1959 Pat Brown set out to solve this muddle by the usual means:
appointing a Governor's Committee to devise a solution to the problem!
After two years of study, the Governor's Committee on Organization of
State Government recommended lumping all departments, boards, and
commissions into eight super-agencies, each headed by an administrator
who serves as the "outpost of the Governor" and is responsible to the
state's chief executive. The signature of the committee's chairman,
Bert Levit, former Director of Finance, was conspicuously absent from
the final report as it crossed the Governor's desk.
THE BROWN SUPER-AGENCY PLAN
Nevertheless, Brown in 1961 asked for and was granted authority by
the Legislature to appoint four $25, 000-a-year administrators and create
four super agencies -- Health and Welfare, Youth and Adult Corrections,
Resources, and Transportation.
Brown did not stop here. By executive order he expanded his "cabinet",
elevating four more state directors to head "ghost super agencies" --
Revenue and Management, Business and Commerce, Employment Relations, and
Public Safety.
Brown has stubbed his toe more than once over the plan. The Governor
alienated agriculture by assigning the Agriculture Department under the
Resources Agency -- against the Legislature's specific intent. A bar-
rage of objections from California's largest industry met Brown's attempt
to "get the camel's head under the farmer's tent and then take over the
entire Department of Agriculture," and forced Brown to appoint Agri-
culture Director, Charles Paul, to a ninth, independent cabinet post.
Insurance Commissioner F. Britton McConnell sees Brown's creation of
agencies without statutory authority and his own subordination to Brown
crony Preston Silbaugh, Savings and Loan Commissioner and "ghost agency"
head, as a device to seize control of the insurance department for
political purposes.
The agèncy plan for government reorganization looks good to the
casual observer. Charted on paper it appears logical and orderly.
But it is as effective as a lead life preserver.
"The addition of more people to the payroll has not,
historically, resulted in lower governmental costs. "
Dr. James Bell, State Executive Reorganization.
Dr. Bell wins a "Master of Understatement" degree. By the very pro-
visions of the bill, each administrator may "employ staff and consul-
tants, and appoint advisory and technical committees to assist in the
work. Should it produce some department economies, they would be off-
set by the increased cost of $250,000* for the agencies. (*estimate by
A. Alan Post, Legislative Analyst.)
THE JOKER IN THE DECK - NO POWER
The economies - which Brown cites as if they were already accomplished -
will come about only if internal organization and procedural changes are
made and offices physically consolidated. The catch is: the administrator
has no power to effect any changes in departments under him, to consoli-
date a single agency, to abolish a single board, to eliminate a single
job. In the words of the bill's author:
"The administrator would not have the power to transfer
authority from one department to another. He could only recom-
mend changes to the Governor and to the department heads
It
would be no different than it is now when the Governor settles
differences between department heads. An agency head cannot say
this is the way we will do it. He must have executive approval
before any change can be made." Gordon Winton, before Assembly
Government Organization Committee, April 28, 1961.
Apparently the agency head must, by some hidden method of persuasion,
effect economies in budgeting and programming - without the authority to
made any administrative change!
In short, Brown's reorganization scheme has not done away with a
single agency of state government; 1 it has added four more at the top
and produced:
- increased communications problems
- tangled lines of authority
- sluggish decision-making
- another layer of political fat -- "jobs for deserving
Democrats"
1 By the admission of Hale Champion, Director of Finance, the 11
agencies which were abolished in 1961 were largely non-functioning,
some would have lapsed anyway, and the abolition was mainly a
matter of cleaning up the statutes.