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1969 Inbound to APB Part 1: Jan – June 1969 [Withdrawn and Returned]
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1969 Inbound to APB Part 1: Jan – June 1969 [Withdrawn and Returned]
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White House Staff Member and Office Files (Nixon Administration)
Alexander P. Butterfield's Files
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THE FORBIDDEN CITY
The Forbidden City, within the area of Peking which was the
center of Imperial rule (The Imperial City), is the site used as the
residence of the Emperor and his household during various dynasties
over the past 800 years. Common people were forbidden access to
this residential area, with its single story dwellings, paved court-
yards, and imperial reception rooms such as the Hall of Supreme
Harmony and the Hall of Mental Cultivation.
The Forbidden City was first opened to the public by foreign
powers who suppressed the Boxer Rebellion. On August 28, 1900
the allied forces* staged a victory parade across the main court-
yards. When the Emperor resumed his residency in 1902, however,
the gates were again closed. Chinese royalty finally ceased living
in the palaces on November 5, 1924, when former Emperor Hsuan
T'ung was summarily evicted from the Forbidden City by the warlord
Yu-hsiang, also known as the "Christian General". The palaces
were later re-opened to the public and have remained accessible
except during the Cultural Revolution.
The Imperial Palace has stood in roughly the same place since
the Yuan dynasty (1276-1368). When the third Ming Emperor, Yung
Lo, decided to establish the capital of the Empire at Peking (1403),
the palace was entirely rebuilt on a new plan, the general outline of
which survives today. The work lasted from 1407 to 1420, and over
200, 000 workmen were employed.
The Forbidden City is surrounded by a moat 160 feet wide and
by walls more than 35 feet high. Covering a 250-acre expanse in
the geographical center of Peking, it comprised about one-sixth of
the former Imperial city, which housed the administrative and main-
tenance organizations, granaries, stables, orchards, parks,
residences of officials and princes, and some of the palaces and
pleasure gardens of the Emperor.
The outer buildings became a museum in 1914. Over 20, 000 relics,
excavated during the Cultural Revolution, are on display in the
Imperial Palace Museum. All of these were discovered by accident
during the construction of roads, irrigation channels, buildings and
military installations. Perhaps the most exciting discoveries came
from the tomb of a Western Han prince and his wife (100 B. C. or
earlier): two jade bodysuits joined with fine gold wire the first of
British, French, Russian, German, Japanese and American
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
2
this type of burial dress ever to be excavated. The bodies were
apparently enclosed in the jade cases to preserve them. These
"jade caskets" served as the burial dress of the great nobility,
such as the Emperor, the kings and feudal princes of the Han
dynasty. In addition to these treasures, the tomb contained more
than 2, 800 funerary objects, including bronze vessels, gold, silver
and jade objects, pottery lacquer ware, silk fabrics, and chariots
and harnesses.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DEPARTURE CEREMONY
FOR THE PRESIDENT'S TRIP
TO THE PRC
INCLEMENT WEATHER PLAN
Thursday, February 17, 1972
10:10 A.M.
The East Room
THE PRESIDENT:
9:55 a.m.
The Congressional Leadership meeting in the
Cabinet Room concludes.
You depart and proceed directly to the private
residence where you meet the First Lady.
Those attending the Congressional Leadership
meeting will be escorted into the East Room where
they will join Members of the Cabinet and their wives
in a receiving line along the center of the East Wall.
Also in attendance will be members of the White House
staff and guests from the Federal Departments and
Agencies.
10:10 a.m.
You and the First Lady proceed to the State Floor
(approx. )
via the elevator and move to the northwest door to
the East Room (the door at the head of the stairs
leading from the ground level to the first floor).
You and Mrs. Nixon pause for announcement and
then enter the East Room, moving through the
cordoned- off White House staff and guests, to the
east wall where you will shake hands first with
Members of the Cabinet and their wives, and the
Congressional leaders who attended the earlier
meeting,
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Departure Ceremony for the
- 2 -
President's Trip to the PRC
Inclement Weather Plan
Thursday, February 17, 1972
After moving to the end of the line, you return
to the center of the East Room wall, with the
Congressmen behind you, and deliver brief
remarks to the Press, using a single stand -up
microphone.
FULL PRESS COVERAGE, INCLUDING LIVE TV.
10:15 a.m.
Remarks conclude.
You and Mrs. Nixon proceed out of the East Room
via the same route by which you entered, move
directly to the elevator, and proceed out to the
helicopter (or motorcade, should weather prohibit
flying) for departure.
10:20 a. m.
Helicopter (or motorcade) departs en route
Andrews Air Force Base.
PRESS PHOTO COVERAGE of helicopter
or motorcade departing.
Stephen Bull
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
FRIDAY - FEBRUARY 18, 1972
REMAIN IN HAWAII.
PERSONAL/STAFF TIME.
OVERNIGHT.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
DEPARTURE FOR GUAM
HAWAII
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1972
1:20 p.m.
You and Mrs. Nixon depart by motorcade
en route Kaneohe MCAS.
1:25 p.m.
Motorcade arrives Kaneohe MCAS.
A CROWD IS EXPECTED
PRESS PHOTO POOL COVERAGE
THERE WILL BE NO OFFICIAL CEREMONY.
Senator Hiram L. Fong (R-Hawaii),
Admiral McCain and General Armstrong
will bid you farewell at the foot of the
ramp.
1:30 p.m.
You board S '76 and depart Hawaii en route
Guam International Airport.
(Flying Time: 7 hrs. 45 mins.)
(Time Change: - 4 hours)
(CROSS INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE)
PRESIDENTIAL GUESTS
Secretary of State William P. Rogers
Assistant Secretary of State Marshall Green
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
(Buchanan/Andrews) RP
February 16, 1972
DEPARTURE REMARKS -- HAWAII
In 1905 Theodore Roosevelt predicted that "our history will be
more determined by our position on the Pacific facing China than
by our position on the Atlantic facing Europe. 11
It is fitting that the last American State we visit on this journey
is the westernmost American State, the one with the closest his-
toric and cultural ties to the great peoples of Asia. As we depart,
we ask for your support and your prayers - - - that our mission will
be a success, SO that this greatest of oceans can truly be what its
name portends -- a sea of peace for all peoples.
####
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1972
5:15 p.m.
S '76 arrives Guam International Airport.
Guam Time
(9:15 p.m. Sat.
Feb. 19 Hawaii
Time)
A CROWD IS EXPECTED.
PRESS PHOTO POOL COVERAGE.
As you and Mrs. Nixon disembark, the band
will play Ruffles and Flourishes and "Hail
to the Chief".
You are greeted by:
Governor and Mrs. Carlos Camacho (R)
You and Mrs. Nixon and Governor and
Mrs. Camacho, followed by the official
party, proceed through a 21-man all
service honor guard.
Governor Camacho introduces you and
Mrs. Nixon to the following:
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Johnson, High Commissioner,
The Trust Territories
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1972 - Continued
Lt. Gen. and Mrs. Gerald W. Johnson,
Commanding General, 3rd Air Division
Rear Adm. and Mrs. Paul E. Pugh, Commander,
Naval Forces, Marianas
Lt. Governor and Mrs. Kurt Moylan
Senator and Mrs. F. Ramierz, Speaker, Guam
Legislature
A microphone will be available should you
wish to make any remarks.
(Suggested remarks attached.)
At the conclusion of the introductions,
Mrs. Nixon will receive a traditional floral
lei from Miss Guam, Jeanie Perez.
5:25 p.m.
Board motorcade and depart en route
Admiral Pugh's residence where you will
remain overnight.
(Driving Time: 15 minutes)
5:40 p.m.
PERSONAL/STAFF TIME.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
DEPARTURE FROM GUAM
FOR SHANGHAI AND PEKING, CHINA
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1972
6:45 a.m.
You and Mrs. Nixon depart via motorcade
en route Guam International Airport.
7:00 a.m.
Arrive-Guam International Airport.
A CROWD IS EXPECTED.
PRESS PHOTO POOL COVERAGE.
7:05 a.m.
Board S'76 and depart en route Shanghai,
PRC.
(Flying Time: 3 hrs. 55 mins.)
(Time Change: -2 hours.)
PRESIDENTIAL GUESTS
Secretary Rogers
Assistant Secretary Green
Director Jenkins
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
FOLDERS AND THEIR CONTENTS
FOR PRESIDENT'S TRIP TO
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
February 17 - 29, 1972
1.
Thursday, February 17 and Friday, February 18
Departure from Washington/Arrival in Hawaii
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Departure Scenario
(Inclement Weather Departure Scenario)
(c)
Remarks for South Lawn
2.
Saturday, February 19 and Sunday, February 20
Departure for Guam
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Departure Remarks from Hawaii
3.
Monday, February 21
Departure from Guam for Shanghai and Peking
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Departure Remarks from Guam
(c)
Toast for Welcoming Banquet (text)
(d)
Background on Great Hall
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
- 2 -
4.
Tuesday, February 22
Meeting with P.M. Chou
Cultural Event
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Background on Cultural Event
5.
Wednesday, February 23
Meeting with P.M. Chou
Gymnastic Event
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Background on Gymnastic Event
6.
Thursday, February 24
Tour of Great Wall and Ming Tombs
Meeting with P.M. Chou
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Background on Great Wall and Ming Tombs
7.
Friday, February 25
Tour of Forbidden City
Meeting with P.M. Chou
Reciprocal Banquet
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Background on Forbidden City
(c)
Scenario for Banquet
(d)
Toast for Banquet (text)
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
- 3 -
8.
Saturday, February 26
Arrival in Hang-Chou
Tour of West Lake
Provincial Revolutionary Committee Banquet
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Background on West Lake
(c)
Toast for Banquet (remarks)
9.
Sunday, February 27
Arrival in Shanghai
Industrial Exhibition
Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Committee Banquet
and Cultural Show
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Toast for banquet (remarks)
10.
Monday, February 28
Departure from Shanghai for Elmendorf AFB, Alaska
Arrival Ceremony at Andrews AFB, Maryland
(a)
Schedule
(b)
Arrival Ceremony Scenario - Andrews AFB
(c)
Arrival Remarks (President)
(d)
Arrival Remarks (First Lady)
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Issued:
Feb. 15, 1972
5:00 p.m.
PRESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE
FOR THE TRIP TO
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
FEBRUARY 17 - - 28, 1972
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1972 - DEPARTURE FROM WASHINGTON
10:00 a.m.
You and Mrs. Nixon depart the Diplomatic
Entrance and bid farewell to the Cabinet,
other selected guests, and Congressional
Leadership on the South Lawn.
(DEPARTURE SCENARIO ATTACHED)
FULL PRESS COVERAGE
INCLUDING LIVE TELEVISION
10:10 a.m.
You and Mrs. Nixon board Marine One and
depart South Lawn en route Andrews AFB.
PRESIDENTIAL GUEST
Secretary of State William P. Rogers
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1972 Continued
10:25 a.m.
Arrive Andrews AFB.
PRESS PHOTO POOL COVERAGE.
10:30 a.m.
Board S '76 and depart en route Kaneohe
MCAS, Hawaii.
(Flying Time: 10 hours)
(Time Change: 5 hours)
PRESIDENTIAL GUESTS
Secretary of State William P. Rogers
Assistant Secretary of State Marshall Green
3:30 p.m.
S I 76 arrives Kaneohe Marine Corps
Hawaii Time
Air Station.
(8:30 p.m. EST)
A CROWD IS EXPECTED.
FULL PRESS COVERAGE.
As you and Mrs. Nixon disembark, the band
will play Ruffles and Flourishes and "Hail
to the Chief".
At the foot of the ramp, you will be
greeted by:
Gov. and Mrs. John A. Burns (D)
Sen. and Mrs. Hiram L. Fong (R)
Mayor and Mrs. Frank F. Fasi (D)
Admiral and Mrs. John S. McCain, Jr.
General and Mrs. Victor Armstrong
Rev. and Mrs. Abraham Akaka
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1972 - Continued
Mrs. Nixon will receive a traditional floral
lei.
You and Mrs. Nixon, followed by the official
party and reception committee, proceed
through a cordon of troops.
A microphone will be available should you
wish to make remarks.
(Suggested remarks attached)
3:40 p.m.
You and Mrs. Nixon board motorcade and
depart en route General Armstrong's
residence.
(Driving Time: 10 minutes)
3:50 p.m.
PERSONAL/STAFF TIME.
OVERNIGHT.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DEPARTURE CEREMONY
FOR THE PRESIDENT'S TRIP
TO THE PRC
Thursday, February 17, 1972
10:10 A.M.
The South Lawn
THE PRESIDENT:
9:55 a. m.
The Congressional Leadership meeting in the
Cabinet Room concludes.
You depart and proceed to the private residence
where you meet the First Lady.
Those attending the Congressional Leadership
meeting will be escorted out to the south lawn
where they will join members of the Cabinet and
their wives in a receiving line. Also in attendance
at the south lawn will be members of the White House
staff and guests from the Federal Departments and
Agencies.
Marine One will be positioned at the lower end of
the south lawn SO as to permit the presence of
guests on the lawn for the departure.
10:10 a. m.
You and the First Lady depart the Residence via
(approx. )
the Diplomatic Entrance and pass down the
receiving line to a position about 75 feet out
onto the south lawn.
The Press will be positioned in a cordoned-off area
opposite the line of dignitaries to whom you will be
bidding farewell.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Departure Ceremony for the
- 2 -
President's Trip to the PRC
Thursday, February 17, 1972
Should you so desire, a microphone will be
available for you to make brief remarks to
the Press. The microphone will be positioned
in front of the Congressional leaders.
(Suggested remarks attached.)
10:15 a. m.
You and Mrs. Nixon proceed down the south lawn
to the cordon of troops that will be on either side
of a red carpet leading to the helicopter.
(Note: All accompanying you on Marine One, with
the exception of Secretary Rogers, will already
have boarded the helicopter via the rear entrance.)
Helicopter departs for Andrews Air Force Base.
Press Plan:
There will be full Press coverage, including live TV, of your departure.
Stephen Búll
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 28, 1972
THE president HAS shiff
MEMORANDUM FOR: THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
HENRY A. KISSINGER
K
SUBJECT:
Your Meeting with the Congressional Leadership
on Your China Trip
I. TALKING POINTS
General
I am very pleased with the results of this mission. I believe that
the discussions with the Chinese leaders have accomplished all that we
could and did expect.
As demonstrated in the Communique, we now have both (1) a better
understanding of each other's views and our differences; and (2) areas of
common ground and a future means of communication.
The Communique reflects the substance and mood of the private
discussions. There were no secret deals or agreements.
After 23 years of isolation and antagonism we have set a new
direction and started a process.
Differences and Taiwan
Where we disagreed we stated our views frankly with no intention
of manufacturing artificial compromises either privately or publicly.
Each side stood both by its principles and by its friends.
I believe these candid exchanges lessened the risks of miscalculation
and misunderstanding and thus strengthened the long-term prospects for
peace.
Taiwan is obviously the most difficult issue for both sides. It is
enormously sensitive for the People's Republic of China who consider Taiwan
an internal matter, and it is very difficult for us because of our close
friendship and ties with the Republic of China.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
$ 2 -
Each side approached the issue with a reasonable understanding of
the other's problem. The resulting Communique language, I believe, is
fair.
We leave this question to the parties on both sides of the Strait to
resolve and we reaffirm our interest that this be done peacefully.
As Dr. Kissinger made clear in his press briefing in Shanghai, our
position remains as stated in my world report: we will maintain our defense
commitment, our diplomatic relations and our friendship with the Republic
of China.
There are two parts with regard to our military presence on Taiwan.
First, we affirm our ultimate objective to withdraw, which is organically
linked to a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question. Second, we are
prepared to reduce our forces gradually as tensions in the area diminish,
which is a statement of the Nixon Doctrine.
Agreed Principles
We found several areas of common ground. Thus the Chinese and
we agreed on the following principles of international conduct:
International disputes should be settled without the use or
threat of force; we are prepared to apply that to our mutual relations.
Normalization of our relations will be carried out in the interest
of all countries and should help reduce tensions in the Far East.
.
Neither of us or any other major power should seek
hegemony in Asia.
Neither of us will negotiate on behalf of other countries.
Major countries should not collude with one another against
others.
After such a wide gulf of communication and our differences notwith.
standing, it is significant that the two sides have found these principles to
which they could jointly subscribe.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
@ 3 $
Improving Relations
We have agreed on a range of steps to broaden understanding between
our peoples and improve relations between our countries.
We will maintain contact through various channels. One will be
direct communication in a third country capital. We should be able to
announce the details within a couple of weeks. In addition, I will send
a high-level U.S. representative to the People's Republic of China from
time to time for authoritative talks.
We will open up trade between us. We cannot expect the volume
to be great in the near future, but we have marked a new departure.
There will be increased contact between our peoples, with exchanges
in such fields as culture, science, technology, journalism and sports.
Conclusion
We have made an important, and potentially historic, beginning.
We have done so without either side's abandoning its principles or its
friends.
The crucial question is what we do in the months and years ahead.
The road will be long and gradual. But I believe history will record that
this past week we set out on this road and that it should lead to a more
peaceful world.
II. POINTS TO AVOID
Repeated, high-key emphasis on our Taiwan defense commitment.
The claim that the People's Republic of China has renounced the use
of force with respect to Taiwan.
Any implication that the People's Republic of China will do anything
about the Indochina negotiations,
Any indication that the Soviet Union was discussed in anything but
the most general terms.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
- 4 -
00 Any elaboration on third country issues beyond what is in the
Communique - Indochina, Japan, Korea and South Asia.
-- The extremes either that exchanges and trade will start flowing
in great numbers or that little will happen for a long time in these fields.
00 Any suggestion that the People's Republic of China will act on Downey
or the other prisoners.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: Has the U. S. by this Communique committed itself
to withdrawal of all its forces from Taiwan?
Answer: We have always maintained forces based on our assess- -
ment of the general situation. Our statement is a reiteration of our
continuing policy, not a mutual PRC-US decision. The Communique says:
-- First, with respect to withdrawals, the U.S. affirms the
ultimate objective of withdrawal of all U.S. forces from Taiwan but
related to the prospect of a peaceful settlement. In other words, our
ultimate long-term goal is to return all our forces from Taiwan if there
is a peaceful settlement between the two sides.
-- Second, we will progressively reduce our forces as tensions
in the area diminish. Any reduction we make is conditioned on our
assessment of progress in reducing tensions.
(FYI: There are approximately 8, 000 American military personnel
on Taiwan of which two-thirds are related to the Indochina conflict.
The remainder are non-combatant, technical personnel, mostly for
intelligence purposes.)
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: What area are we referring to when we say reduce
forces "as tension in the area diminishes"?
Answer: We are talking about the general state of relationships
in Asia and, for that matter, in the world. It is our assessment of the
larger situation and especially of the danger that force might be used to
settle particular disputes.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: Why did we not positively reaffirm our defense
commitment to theRepublic of China?
Answer: The joint communique was a significant document
between nations which have been hostile and isolated for
more than two decades. The issue of Taiwan is a deep emotional
one with the Chinese. In the PRC's eyes, the U.S. is presently
occupying part of their country. In this context, they
did not denounce our treaty in their statement of their own
views and we did not reaffirm it specifically.
However, we did affirm our interest in a peaceful solution
in the communique and in his briefing on the record in Shang-
hai before a large PRC and U.S. press contingent, Dr.
Kissinger reaffirmed our commitment.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: Is the general thrust of our statement a message to
the Republic of China that they must settle with the People's Republic of
China?
Answer: No, we have simply reaffirmed that we believe that the Taiwan
question should be resolved peacefully. We have stated this many times.
In my report to the Congress, for example, I stated that "a peaceful
resolution of this problem by the parties would do much to reduce tension
in the Far East. We are not, however, urging either party to follow any
particular course. " Nothing has changed in our view of that problem.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: By expressing our desire for normalization of
relations does this imply that we are committed to eventual
recognition of the PRC? Do we have a timetable in mind?
Answer: We have no time frame in mind for the evolution
of our relations. We are only at the beginning of a process
which, given the complex difficulties involved, will undoubted-
1y be slow and gradual.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: How are our Asian allies reacting to this
solution?
Answer: In general, I believe they welcome the visit as
a reflection of improved relations which can result in a
reduction of tensions throughout Asia. As the communique
states, the U.S. and PRC agree that:
-- progress toward normalization of relations is in the
interest of all countries.
-- - we both wish to reduce the danger of international
conflict.
-- significantly, it states that international disputes
should be settled without resort to the use or threat
of force.
Thus, two powers with very different ideologies after a
long period of intense hostility have confirmed that force is
not the answer to solving world problems. I believe this is
an important step toward achieving greater stability in Asia
and the world.
I have sent Assistant Secretary Green to consult the
Asian leaders on our discussions with the PRC and I believe
they will be even more reassured when these consultations are
completed.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Q:
Did you make any secret commitments to the PRC that
are not expressed in the communique?
A:
No.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Q:
Were Vietnam POWs or those Americans being held in the
PRC mentioned in the talks?
A:
Vietnam was discussed and I am sure you know I
would not discuss it without reiterating our concern
about American prisoners. As the communique states,
the PRC supports the Vietcong position.
As far as our citizens held in the PRC are con-
cerned, this is of course another important concern
of mine. The PRC regards their sentences as a domestic
legal problem.
[I think on both these problems the greater understand-
ing achieved by the frank exchange of views on our many
differences cannot help but make some indirect contribution
to solution of these problems. However, I am concerned that
any speculation in this regard would only lengthen the process
and jeopardize any indirect influence that we might be able
to eventually have on these problems.]
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: Are other trips to the PRC planned?
Answer: The Communique indicates agreement on the sending
of a U. S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete
consultations. We are not ready yet to announce when and who will make
the trip, but I believe further visits will help build on the process we
have just begun.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: How will both countries facilitate trade and exchanges
in fields such as science, technology, culture, sports, etc. ?
Answer: A contact will be established within the next two weeks
where the details will be worked out.
Question: Will the contacts be made in the US?
Answer: As you know, the fact that the Republic of China is
represented in Washington makes official contacts in the U. S. difficult
for Peking. Therefore, it is likely that these contacts will be made in a
third country.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: Is our movement toward the People's Republic of
China directed at the Soviet Union?
Answer: We have often stated that our developing relationship
with the People's Republic of China is not directed against the Soviet
Union and I do not believe the People's Republic of China is motivated
by the effect a warming of relations with us may have on their dispute with
the Soviet Union.
Obviously, a world in which relations between the U. S. and
PRC are improved does not conform to the earlier bipolar era. We believe
that the steps in the past week represent a concrete step toward building
a more stable structure of peace in the world.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Question: Who will get the Pandas?
Answer: It has not been decided. What are your views?
Perhaps the National Zoo in Washington is the most appropriate
place since it is a gift to all Americans.
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
HIGH PRIORITY
Determined to be an
Administrative Marking
Not National Security Information
By J45
NARA Date 3/17/2016
March 6, 1972
CONFIDENTIAL/EYES ONLY
MEMORANDUM FOR:
MR. JOHN SCALI
FROM:
H. R. HALDEMAN
We're not doing as good a job as possible from a PR standpoint of
getting across the story of the President's handling of the situations
he faced in China. The main thing for us out of China is the
President's position in the big leagues. We need to make the point
that the President has done this for years, his unusual world states-
man capabilities, and the personal qualities of the man.
This trip should be referred to as a classic battle between a couple
of heavyweights, each with his own style. We should get off the
issues and on to the man, get the man above the battle, analyze the
trip in that way.
We should emphasise the President's enormous background, experience,
subtlety, toughness, and the Kissinger feeling as he expresses it after
he sits in meetings with the President.
Also, the fact that both the President and Chou En-lai lower their
voices when they get to things that are tough, etc.
Would you please take this on as a personal project, putting together
a complete orchestrated effort on how we shuld get this out through
columns, talking to commentators, etc. Obviously this should be
worked in conjunction with Ziegler, Safire, Colson, et al, but we need
to move now toward emphasizing this area.
Please let me know what your plan is by Wednesday, March 8.
bcc: Mr. Ronald Ziegler
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March 7, 1972
CONFIDENTIAL/EYES ONLY
MEMORANDUM FOR :
BRIGADIER GENERAL BRENT SCOWCROFT
FROM :
H.R. HALDEMAN
SUBJECT :
Operation at Key Biscayne
I don't know if we encountered uncommon bad luck, or if there has been
a general deterioration in the operation of Key Biscayne. In either case,
I want to report the latest trip to you so that if there is an operational
problem, it can be quickly corrected and Key Biscayne can be returned
to its previous standard of operation.
The following were specific incidents:
1. The car that was assigned to me did not contain a
radio, so I called and asked that one be justalled. Early
that evening I checked to see if a radio had been installed
(one of the WHCA people). I was told that it had been.
However, when I went out to my car that evening I found
that it still did not have a radio.
2. When the radio was installed, the WHCA personnel
took it upon themselves to lock the car, and at the same
time locked the keys in the car.
3. The car that was assigned to John Ehrlichman had a
weak battery and went dead when I drove it over to the
President's house. (My car was still locked with the
keys inside). This was reported to the Aide's office and
they indicated the battery would be fixed. The battery
was (supposedly) fixed and the car was returned to
Mr. Ehrlichman, only to have the battery go dead again
less than 24 hours later.
Though we only took a small group of people to
Key Biscayne, there apparently were not enough
cars to be assigned to everyone involved without
seriously limiting the car pool capability.
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4. And, of course the most obvious incident
involved was some loose boards around the edge
of the helicopter pad that nearly resulted in the
President falling into the bay. This incident,
resulted in some very umpleasant stories and
was totally unnecessary.
All of these seeming ly minor incidents when added up in the context
of a Presidential visit to a facility that is only occasionally used, yet-
manned full time, would indicate to me some serious operational
problems.
I trust you share my concern over these incidents and will move to
have their causes corrected immediately.
bc: Alex Butterfield
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
EYES ONLY
March 14, 1972
MEMORANDUM FOR :
DR. KISSINGER
FROM :
H.R. HALDEMAN
I thought it might be helpful to try to summarize some of the points
that we've been discussing over the last weeks in regard to the points
that still need emphasis regarding the China trip, because as yet, they
have not come through in any clear way to the general public.
The television coverage of the trip itself certainly established a basis of
the dignity of the President and the manner in which he conducted the public
part of the activities, and this will be very valuable in the long term.
On the other hand, there is still a great deal of mystery about how the
President, Chou En-lai, and Mao Tse-tung, conducted themselves in
their private meetings, and particularly, how the President handled the
approach to and conduct of, these meetings.
The communique itself has been now discussed at such great length that
the average person is undoubtedly tired of hearing about it. In the back-
grounders and certainly on the television broadcasts that you do, the
background-type of information will be of much more interest to the
viewer than will the substantive details of the content.
It would seem to me that some of the points we've talked about vilut would
be well to emphasize are the following:
1. RN goes into meetings of this kind better prepared than
anyone who has ever held the Presidential office. He does
this by taking the voluminous briefing materials that are
prepared by the NSC staff, and by the State Department,
reading them all, plus reading a lot of other materials,
and then he talks to a great number of people about the
various aspects of the briefings in which he is particularly
interested.
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2. He then sits down and in painstaking detail, makes up his
own mind as to what his approach should be. He does not
memorize his speeches, etc. He does not follow a predictable
pattern and as a result he is able to handle any of the questions
that come up on the spot without being frozen into an untenable
position. This, of course, is a tremendous advantage to him
in all meetings, but particularly in summit meetings with
skillful leaders like Chou En-lai,
3. RN has the tremendous advantage of an exceptional knowledge
of world problems which he gained in his eight years in the Vice
Presidency, plus eight years of travel while he was out of office,
plus the three years that he has been in office as President. In
other words, he has been up against big league pitching in the
foreign policy field for a longer period of time than any other
world leader. He has had extended conversations with the great
leaders of our time DeGaulle, DeGasperi, Adenauer, Khrushchev,
Nehru, Hoshida, Sakarno, Churchill not to mention the current
batch of leaders from both the large and small countries, whom he
has met as President.
4. An interesting mark of his style is that he treats all leaders
whether from large or small countries, with equal dignity and
respect.
5. As far as tacties are concerned, he never gives an inch on
principle. As a matter of fact, he is probably more rigid on
principle than many of his advisors would want him to be.
6. He never quibbles over debating points. Instead, he always
keeps his eye on the main goal and constantly finds ways to bring
the subject back to that goal rather than being diverted into argu-
mentative discussions that would have no effect as far as achieving
our main purpose.
7. He has great qualities of subtlety and humor - he is never
belligerent a but is very tough. He has developed the quality of
speaking most quietly when he is making his strongest points -
a quality also observed in Chou En-Isi.
8. He has the quality of knowing the other man and all of his
positions as well as he knows his own. This, incidentally, also
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characterized Chou En-lai and was a factor which made
the meeting between the two of them such as fascinating
discussion.
He has a quality of absolute discipline which goes clear
back to the time when he had the seven hour luncheon with
Krushchev, and has carried through all the many summits
he's held as President, including the meetings with the
Chinese.
He never takes a drink during the course of the meetings or
prior to any importent conversation, and he even carries
this to the extent of resisting the temptation which was so
obviously presented to him, particularly with the Chinese,
of eating nuts and candies, etc., that were put before him
during the course of the discussion. His personal theory
is that either drinking or eating tends to dull the reaction
time as far as he's concerned. Although, of course, he
would not apply this same test to others for whom either
eating or drinking may help their reactions, as was pre-
sumably the case with Churchill and some others.
9. He has a remarkable quality of candor, used not for
the purpose of embarrassing his opposite number, but for
the purpose of establishing a degree of mutual trust and con-
fidence which is so essential for any meaningful discussion.
10. The quality of stamina. He has an ability to perform
at his peak level regardless of the length of the session.
This is a very important quality, of course, in dealing with
the Chinese, and will be with the Soviets.
All of these above points are things that you and the President have
often raised in the conversations about the summit meetings, and it
would be extremely valuable if some of this kind of information would
get into the public domain.
If you can, you should review your notes to see how many personal
tidbits you could use to bear out these points without revealing the
substance of the conversations.
1 don't think you should limit this to the discussions with Chou En-lai.
You could go back to specifics on the meetings with DeGaulle, Wilson,
Pompideau, Ceausescu, Tito, etc. to make some of these points.
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Also, you are uniquely able to make the point that RN has acquired
a great deal of respect from world leaders because of his conduct of
these sessions without resorting to staff or notes.
I'm sure it's presumptuous of me to raise these points, but I thought
they might be helpful. I have the very strong feeling that the most good
you can do in talking with private groups and certainly in your appearance
on television, will be in the area of establishing public confidence in the
President as a man, and as President, rather than in the area of explain-
ing further, the ramifications of the content of the communique, or the
substance of the talks leading to it.
HRH:pm
Reproduced at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum