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Moore, John D. J.

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NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES) FORM OF DOCUMENT CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE DATE RESTRICTION Letter & To: John D. J. Moore] 3/11/60 C Attachments From: Richard Nixon (Shorthand) [12 pages] [Page 2 is withdrawn] FILE LOCATION Series 320 - General Correspondence Box 527 - MOORE, John D. J. RESTRICTION CODES (A) Closed by Executive Order 11652 governing access to national security information. (B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document. (C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library GSA FORM 7122 (7.72) Moore, Mr. John D. J. New York, N. Y. W. R. Grace and Company 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library December 19, 1960 Dear John: Pat and I want you to know how very much we appreciated the letter which you sent us after the election. A message of congratulations after winning an election is of course always appreciated although not unexpected. But nothing could have meant more to us than to receive such a varm and thoughtful message after losing. In the years ahead as we look back to 1960, the dis- appointment of losing the closest election in history will fade into the background. But your act of thoughtfulness will always remain close to our hearts. Pat joins me in sending our very best wishes for Christmas and the New Year. Sincerely, A Richard Nixon Mr. John D. J. Moore W. R. Grace & Company 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library W R GRACE & Co. 7 HANOVER square, new YORK 5, N.Y. JOHN D.J MOORE VICE PRESIDENT S/Duh December 6, 1960 oh The Honorable Richard M. Nixon Vice President of the United States Washington, D.C. form Dear Mr. Vice President: I am just returning from my second South American trip since Election Day. It made me recall the privilege I enjoyed of being with you and Mrs. Nixon in South America two years ago. I do wish to write to send you my very strong best wishes and to tell you how highly your name is honored among the South Americans. I found the highest praise for your character and person wherever I went. As you may know, I worked on your campaign with Walter Thayer and others and followed it closely. I am bitterly disappointed with the result, but I wish to let you know how splendidly I think you and Mrs. Nixon acquitted yourselves throughout. I truly hope that you will be a candidate in 1964 and I hope to work for you. / I was, and I remain, proud to be a Nixon man. With great respect and personal regards, Sincerely yours, your Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library 7/14/59 RN Embasy saw reception RUSSIAN TRIP FILE at One more person for the Moscow visit -- John Moore of W. R. Grace Co. (Executive Vice President) myof" more Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library JOHN D. J. MOORE 7 HANOVER SQUARE NEW YORK 5, N.Y March 30, 1960 Miss Rose Mary Woods Office of the Vice President Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. Dear Rose: It seems to be my letter writing season all right, but I think a note from the Rr Vice President would greatly encourage this whole- writing some type of activity. Best regards. Sincerely, attachment - CC Letter to the Vice President Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library March 30, 1960 The Honorable Richard N. Nixon Vice President of the United States Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Vice President: This seems to be my season for barraging you with mail, but I think the matter I am mentioning here is well worth a line. Practically nobody seems to have paid any public attention to what I regard as the biggest news story in relation to U.S. private capital taking part in the development of Latin America in many years. As you undoubtedly know, the Prudential Insurance Company has made an unrestricted $100 million loan for industrial development and public works to the Republic of Mexico, at a rate of interest profitable to the lender and not excessive by Latin American standards. Today I talked to Mr. Carrol Shanks, the president of Prudential, at his office, and found that there has not been much reaction to this very courageous and forward looking move to carry out the objectives which have been woiced 80 many times by the President of the United States, by you and many others including Messrs. Herter and Dillon. Neither I nor the Grace organization have any stake in this matter, but I am making bold to suggest that a line of appreciation to Mr. Shanks for this action would have a tendency to encourage other leaders of the investment community to step into this great field. In any event this is a move in the direction which you have been advocating, and in the event that it escaped your at- tention I thought I would mention it to you. With best regards, Sincerely yours, Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1960. Prudential Insurance Grants $100,000,000 Loan to Mexico Special to The New York Times. MEXICO CITY, March 4-The largest private long. term loan to Mexico since before the country's 1910 revolu- tion was announced here today. It consists of an advance of $100,000,000 by the Pru- dential Insurance Company of America to Nacional Fi- nanciera, a financing agency of the Mexican Government. The loan will run fifteen years and will bear 6% per cent interest. It will be subject to retirement during the last ten years of the term. The insurance company did not require the borrowing agen- cy to specify any special pur- pose for which the money was to be spent. Nacional Finan- ciera said that the loan would be used to develop Mexico's basic industries and to expand public improvement projects now in progress. Nacional Financiera expressed the hope that the credit granted by Prudential, one of the larg- est life insurance companies in the United States, would stimu- late other foreign private lend- ing interests to put capital to work in Mexico. Offers Considered The Mexican National Hous- ing Institute is considering "several" offers of private capital from the United States to help finance Mexico's giant low-cost housing program, ac- cording to Luis Quintanilla, director. Until a decision is reached and contracts are signed he declined to name the interests with which he was negotiating. Along with United States of- fers are. several from Europe and Mexico. "We are constantly receiving proposals and are constantly considering them to see if they fit into our plans," Señor Quintanilla said. "What we need is a very reasonable rate of interest because of the necessary long-term fifteen years-of our loan. We are seeking private capital because no Government funds are avail- able on the scale we need." The first phase of Señor Quintanilla's program calls for spending $10,000,000 this year for the purchase of land and the construction of 1,000 apart- ment units in Mexico City and 2,500 houses in seven cities. A typical three-bedroom house is designed to sell for $960, pay- able over as long as fifteen years. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY March 11, 1960 Dear John: Moore, John D.J. Henry Kearns has given me a copy of the Grace Log in which you had some very generous comments to make in regard to my trip to the Soviet Union. I want you to know how much I ap- preciated your writing as you did and I can only say that I wish the Grace Log had a much larger circulation! Incidentally, looking at the picture, I wondered if the face in the righthand corner might be yours -- whoever it is he certainly seems to be enjoying himself. With every good wish, x-tra copy x-RN dict. folder Sincerely, PN Richard Nixon Mr. John D.J. Moore Vice President W. R. Grace and Company 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York bcc. Mr. Henry Kearns RN/rmw/rd Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library APPENDIX RICHARD M. NIXON DEPOSITORY Document Control Sheet Document removed, see entry number on Document Withdrawal Sheet. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library DIPARTMENT OF COMMERCE * * THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Sye WASHINGTON 25, D.C. file March 41960 The Vice President United States Senate Washington 25, D. C. Dear Dick: Here's one man who has his precinct in order. Sincerely yours, Enclosure Only Henry Kearns International Affairs Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE * THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WASHINGTON 25, D.C. March 41960 Mr. John D. J. Moore Vice President W. R. Grace & Co. 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York Dear John: Your article for the Grace Log concerning the Moscow Fair is terrific. It certainly touches the high points of the exhibition, from all the accounts I have heard, and it bespeaks a message which merits constant repetition. Of particular interest is your inspiring reference to the Vice President. I don't know whether he has seen your article or not, but I have taken the liberty of sending him my copy with a copy of this note. With all best wishes, I am, Sincerely yours, HENRY KEARNS Henry Kearns International Affairs Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library THE GRACE LOG SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 1959 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library UALITY SERVICE 1 TECHNICAL P2O5 ASSISTANCE QUALITY 1 DEPENDABILITY DELIVERY 2 2 (S,Q2D₂TA,) The DAVISON formula is more than just Quality of product Make no mistake, we do not underrate the importance of quality We know that the Davison Hi-Flo Triple Supers Hi-Flo Run-O-Pile Triple Superphos- (Run-O-Pile, Gran-U-Lated and Blend-Phos), Davison Nor- phate 46/47% available P2O5. mal Supers; Phosphate Rock and Phosphoric Acid Hi-Flo Gran-U-Lated Triple Superphos- are unexcelled by any on the market. phate guaranteed 46% available P2O5. But Davison considers that the important "pluses" Hi-Flo Blend-Phos Triple Superphos- phate 45/46% available P2O5. Service, Quality, Dependability, Delivery, Technical Assistance are equally important in determining a source Granulated Normal Superphosphate for your needs. We consider them all parts of our product. guaranteed 20% available P2O5. Run-of-pile Normal Superphosphate $ Approx. 20% available P2O5. W.R.GRACE & CO. DAVISON GRACE Phosphate Rock All Grades. DIVISION Phosphoric Acid DAVISON CHEMICAL DIVISION 75% H3PO₄-54.5% available P2O5. BALTIMORE 3. MARYLAND Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library REPORT ON RUSSIA by John D J. Moore John D.J. Moore, Vice President of W. R. Grace & Co., was one of a group of American businessmen who at- tended the opening of the American National Exhibition at Moscow. In this article he gives some of his im- pressions of the impact on the Russians of the exposition and of Vice President Nixon's visit and speeches. In this article I shall attempt to share with the readers of a top-level official of the United States. His long and of THE GRACE LOG some of my impressions and experi- intensive training in dealing with the peoples and of- ences of ten active days in the Soviet Union on the ficials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation occasion of Vice President Nixon's historic visit to Rus- he had made for his mission and his strength of mind sia for the opening of the American National Exhibition and character all combined to make his visit tremen- in Moscow It is obvious that in such a short visit no dously successful. man can become well acquainted with a country, but in This is not only my observation. There is no more the circumstances of the Nixon trip and the opening of severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned Amer- the exhibition, some reflections on what occurred there ican newspaper correspondents. They are trained to may be of interest. judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all of the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon MR. NIXON visit were friendly to him politically or personally Yet, It seems to me that the most important fact I ob- as I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit served was the superb performance of Mr Nixon in they were unanimous in their agreement that he had what can fairly be called the first "open" visit to Russia represented his country to perfection-from his opening Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library The second of the two public debates between Messrs. Nixon and Khrushchev was the "Battle of the Toasts," which oc- curred after the "Kitchen Debate." It started pleasantly enough, as this photograph indicates. Mr. Nixon invited Mr. Khrushchev to taste some California wine. "We like California porary" art, which incidentally was produced an aver- wine," said Mr. Khrushchev, "but not California ideas." Then age of approximately a quarter century ago. It was he proposed his famous toast to "No American bases on for- eign soil," in which Mr. Nixon promptly refused to join. most unfortunate and made a poor impression on the Russians who saw it. In a sophisticated international La segunda de las dos controversias públicas entre Nixon y Khrush- art show some of these works might have been suitable. chev fué la "Batalla de los Brindis" que se produjo después del "Debate de la Cocina." Comenzó en forma inofensiva, como se ve In Moscow they were disliked, and in addition the sub- en esta fotografía. Nixon invitó a Khrushchev a probar un vino ject matter frequently put the emphasis on the seamiest de California. "Nos gusta el vino californiano," dijo el Primer sides of American life. It was bad propaganda for our Ministro soviético, "pero no las ideas californianas." Y luego hizo great country It should be pointed out, however, that su famoso brindis a la eliminación de las bases de los EE.UU en suelo extranjero, el mismo que Nixon rehusó inmediátamente. the selection of art was not under the jurisdiction of Mr. McClellan and his associates. IMPRESSIONS OF A VISITOR speech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television address to the Russian people on the eve of his depar- The many recent books on Russian life of today pre- ture for Warsaw pare one fairly well for what he will experience there. There is no doubt that Mr. Khrushchev's government is THE AMERICAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION driving hard to raise the standard of living of the popu- lation, and all who knew Russia in earlier years have Former Assistant Secretary of Commerce Harold C. noted that the food and clothing available to the people (Chad) McClellan was the General Manager of the have improved in quality and quantity Nevertheless, American National Exhibition. To him and the dedi- the level of life of the average resident of Moscow and cated men and women of his staff the people of the Free Leningrad is low, indeed. World owe a great debt. Most of the much-talked-of housing is still in the con- This was the first window ever opened in Russia struction stage. I was able to visit one of the better whereby the people of that country could get an idea older apartment houses of Moscow, inhabited by offi- of how life is lived in the United States. It was a tre- cials of high rank, and was amazed at its disrepair and mendous, back-breaking job of work, performed under poor state of cleanliness. For one thing, large numbers the most incredibly trying circumstances. What Mr. of people are crowded into each building, and kitchen- McClellan and his aides accomplished was nothing sharing and bathroom-sharing by two or three families short of heroic, and there is no doubt that their efforts are still the rule. Two or more people sleep in prac- were successful. tically all the living rooms. If there was any single "exhibit" at the exhibition The clothing, shoes, handbags, toilet articles and that showed America off to its best advantage, it was other items I priced in the GUM department store and the fine young American men and women who served elsewhere were of poor quality and outrageously high- as bilingual guides, lecturers, models in the fashion show priced in terms of the earning power of the Russians. and technical operators. These students and teachers, Only low rents, low taxes and the fact that in general all from every part of the United States, really charmed the members of a family over 14 years of age are employed Russians, who are not used to pleasant treatment by make it possible for the average person to enjoy any anyone in a position of authority They kept their good purchasing power The major Russian production effort nature and sense of humor under a barrage of hostile, is obviously not going into consumer goods. incredulous and in many cases insulting heckling from Just as have other visitors, I found the Russians a their audiences. not particularly happy people, but reservedly friendly, The exhibition has been discussed and commented upon in the public press in great detail, so I need not comment upon it further except to say that in my judg- ment it was a far better showing of American life than was the Soviet Exhibition of Technology and Culture at the Coliseum in New York City a picture of Russian life. The one weak spot was the selection of "contem- The model house at the exhibition drew an enthusiastic and admiring audience despite official Soviet skepticism that it was within the budget of the average U. S. worker. Rus- sian living conditions are still so far behind ours that many of the visitors found it difficult to believe their eyes. La casa modelo en la exhibición atrajo una entusiasmada y admirativa concurrencia apesar del escepticismo oficial sovié- tico de que estuviera dentro del presupuesto del trabajor or- dinario estadounidense. Las condiciones de vida rusas están muy por debajo de las nuestras y a muchos de los visitantes les fué muy difícil creer lo que veían. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library and both curious and somewhat suspicious regarding whom I traveled to Leningrad, a construction engineer Americans. They give the appearance of good health, who wore the "Order of Lenin," hotel managers and vigor and physical fitness and are ambitious to better employees, taxi drivers and, of course, the Intourist their lot in life. Their attitude toward Americans will guides and interpreters. Several of them attacked me most certainly improve as the tide of American tourists for the conviction and execution of the Rosenberg visiting Russia increases. These friendly, informal spies-and even for the imprisonment of Tom Mooney Americans are already doing a fine job of building good some 40 years ago! But when I asked them what would will. have happened under Russian justice to Alger Hiss and One appalling thing I learned from my visit to Russia Klaus Fuchs, not one of them had ever heard the names was the deadly effectiveness of the Soviet iron curtain of the two men. on ideas and facts from the outside world. The engineer, who boasted that he knew as much With the aid of a Russian phrase book and a few about road construction as any American, insisted that memorized sentences I talked with many Russians, in- all American business corporations belonged to one of cluding school teachers, two university professors with three monopolies Ford, Morgan and du Pont. He re- fused to believe me when I told him that W R. Grace & Co. was not controlled by any of those "three monop- olies," but was owned by 30,000 stockholders. I recalled to several of them the incident at the United Nations Security Council when Mr Gromyko objected to an adjournment for Good Friday on the ground that he had never heard of it. Not one of these people, some of them well educated, had ever heard of Good Friday either! These are good people, able, intelligent, eager to know more, but their press tells them very little, and foreign broadcasts are jammed. Mr Nixon made a telling point when he challenged Mr Khrushchev to publish in Russia reports from America comparable to СЫРЬЕ УПОТРЕБЛЯЕМОЕ HA этов the reports from Russia printed in our newspapers. МАШИНК НАЗЫНАЕТСЯ ΓPEKC полнэтилен THE SOVIETS AND LATIN AMERICA ПРОДУКТ химичсков КОМПАНИИ ГРЭЙС I found a powerful Soviet drive toward cultural and social infiltration in Latin America. Upon my arrival at Moscow Airport I could hardly believe my eyes when I encountered a man wearing a Bolivian ceremonial devil-mask! When I spoke to him in Spanish, I found he was a member of a troupe of 32 AUTOROLATIS Bolivian folklore dancers who were en route to Peking as the guests of the Communist Chinese Government. GREX NAGRACE W R. Grace & Co. was represented at the exhibition in two ways. It was one of the sponsors of the plastic pavilion and it pro- vided samples of GREX polyethylene, which were eagerly grabbed up by the crowds. La W R. GRACE & Co. estuvo doblemente respre- sentada en la exhibición. Fué uno de los auspi- ciadores de la pabellón de química de plástico, y suministró polietileno GREX que la multitud arrebato con avidéz. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library известия COBETOB депутатов трудящихся CCCP The Soviets conducted a systematic press and radio coverage to discredit the American Exhibition. The author was able to make effective use of this rather crude example of anti-American propaganda that appeared in the newspaper Izvestia on July 29th. The photograph is of a substandard tenement house in New York City which the caption states is typical of 13,000,000 such buildings in the United States. The average Russian he queried estimated that 300 people lived in this tenement. Then they were quite frustrated when simple arithmetic established that if the caption were true this would mean that 3,900,000,000 people live in such dwellings in the United States, or 50 per cent more than the population of the earth! One Rus- sian excitedly insisted that if Izvestia said so it was true. Another bitterly remarked, "Our leaders should not deceive us so." I lost no time in locating the rest of his companions and had a most interesting talk with them. They were not Communists, but were on a seven-week tour of Russia, China and Czechoslovakia. When I asked how they came to be invited, the leader replied that they had been invited by a team of Red Chinese acrobats whom they had met in Bolivia. K 109 стрит и The next morning, in my hotel in Moscow, I heard Spanish being spoken by a group at a neighboring table. THE TOTAL мым THE I made their acquaintance, and they turned out to be visiting Chilean mine workers-in this case the guests of the Soviet Government. Intrigued by all of this emphasis on Latin America, I spent considerable time in Moscow looking into the subject of Soviet hospitality to Latin American groups. Imagine the effect on them when they are entertained I discovered that the story of the Bolivian dancers hav- royally in the best hotels. Frequently they are presented ing been invited by Chinese acrobats was perfectly true. to Mr. Khrushchev in Russia and to Mao Tse-tung in The leader of the troupe of traveling acrobats was a Red China. high official of Red China's ministry of culture, espe- All of us interested in Latin America can see the sig- cially assigned to the selection of Latin American cul- nificance of this powerful Communist offensive. The tural groups to visit Communist countries. United States and the Free World must redouble their I found, in the words of an expert on the subject who efforts to offset it. You may be sure that, having been resides in Russia, that "not a day goes by that a Latin given the privilege of looking this danger in the face at American delegation is not in Moscow, invited by close range, I have returned with a sense of re-dedica- Russia, Red China or one of the satellite countries." tion to the task of fighting this menace to our civilization. Incidentally, no Russian ever uses the word "satellites." They are referred to as "the People's Republics." CONCLUSION I learned that, even though Russia has only three This visit was a memorable experience of my life. I embassies in Latin America, the selection of the dele- was able to have a glimpse into the mysterious society gates to be invited is done with consummate skill, which and controlled mentality of the Soviet Union. I came speaks well for the effectiveness of the Soviet intelligence away from Russia convinced that if these intelligent, network in Latin America. industrious people could only be given the opportunity The groups are students, teachers, dancers and singers to know the blessings of liberty, of freedom of religion, of the "folklore" type, lawyers, doctors, journalists and of equality of opportunity as we know it in the Americas, public officials. They are routed from Latin America to they could be a tremendous, vital force for good. I only Russia, China and the satellites without going through hope that this moment in history may somehow provide the United States. More often than not they are from that opportunity It is the task of all of us to see that it rural areas and villages, rather than from the great cities. does. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library SAN FRANCISCO CHICAGO NEW YORK LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON NEW ORLEANS HOUSTON MIAMI PANAMA CALI QUITO GUAYAQUIL LIMA LA PAZ San Martín de los Andes on Lake Lacar, Argentina No change of plane RIO DE over the routes of JANEIRO National, Pan Am SAO PAULO and Panagra SANTIAGO MONTEVIDEO BUENOS AIRES Today's man about the world finds something new and wonderful in South America You find a happy combination of InterAmericano DC-7s. Both are thrilling scenery, and city fun. Your through services equipped with dollars go a long way in every coun- radar and both fly daily from New try on Panagra's route. And you York. See your Travel Agent or can fly to Buenos Aires and back Pan Am, Sales Agent for Panagra. for 30% off regular fares. Or write for details about pre- New low round-trip fares to planned tours Don Wilson, Pan- Buenos Aires apply to El Pacifico agra, Rm. 4462, Chrysler Bldg., pressurized DC-6Bs and to El N Y 17, N Y You are met at every stop on "host tours" which include air fares, fine rooms with bath, sightseeing with English-speaking Fly PANAGRA guides. 3 weeks, only $993 from NY PAN AMERICAN-GRACE AIRWAYS Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library The Grace Log, W. R. Grace & Co. Bulk Rate 3 Hanover Square, New York 4, N. Y U. S. POSTAGE PAID New York, N. Y Permit No. 2484 Serving Agriculture and Industry Since 1954 Grace Chemical Divi- sion's modern nitrogen plant at Mem- phis, Tenn., has produced anhydrous ammonia and urea for use in prod- ucts ranging from plywoods and plas- tics to cattle feed and fertilizers. Today, both the ammonia and urea units operate above rated capacity and have established a leading posi- tion in the industry Grace Chemical is one of eight Divi- sions of W R. Grace & Co. devoted to chemicals. Through continuing research and development, through steadily expanding production facili- ties, each has helped to make Grace a growing factor in the United States chemical industry W.R. W.R.GRACE&co. GRACE & CO. GRACE CHEMICAL DIVISION MEMPHIS Edway Bldg., JAckson 7-1551 CHICAGO - 75 E. Wacker FRanklin 2-6424 TAMPA - 2808 S. MacDill Ave., 82-3531 NEW YORK - 7 Hanover Square, Dlgby 4-1200 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY March 25, 1960 Moore, John D. J. Dear John: As you will have noted from my letter of March 11, Henry Kearns brought in a copy of the Grace Log before I received your thoughtful letter of March 1. However, I want to thank you again for the generous comments in the report you wrote on your trip to Russia. Since you have been "with us" on a couple of these trips now we will have to start checking your schedule before any future ones are planned. You are one of the better reporters! I will keep in mind your suggestion that on one of my future trips to New York City I plan to appear at the Yale Club. However, at the present time the schedule for the next few months does not give much encourage- ment for my being able to add further engagements. Needless to say, if I am able to work this out I will be in touch with you as far in advance as possible. With kindest personal regards, x-pending, NEW YORK (Yale Club of Nyc) folder Sincerely, D Richard Nixon Mr. John D.J. Moore Vice President W.R. Grace and Company 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York rmw:rd Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library W R. GRACE & Co. 7 HANOVER square, NEW YORK 5,N.Y. JOHN D.J. MOORE VICE PRESIDENT March 1, 1960 The Honorable Richard M. Nixon Vice President of the United States Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Vice President: It has just occurred to me that I never sent you a copy of the report I wrote in The Grace Log regarding your wonderful representation of our country on your trip to Russia and Poland last summer, and I am taking the liberty of sending you a reprint of the article, which was published in October, in the event that your staff has been assembling any material on the subject. In our magazine, which has an outside circulation of some 60,000 throughout this country and in Latin America, I wrote, with the greatest of sincerity: "It seems to me that the most important fact I observed was the superb performance of Mr. Nixon in what can fairly be called the first "open" visit to Russia of a top-level official of the United States. His long and intensive training in dealing with the peoples and officials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation he had made for his mission and his strength of mind and character all combined to make his visit tremen- dously successful. This is not only my observation. There is no more severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned American newspaper correspondents. They are trained to judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all of the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon visit were friendly to him politically or personally. Yet, as I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit they were unanimous in their agreement that he had represented his country to perfection -- from his opening speech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television address to the Russian people on the eve of his departure for Warsaw!' Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library My brother Dick was in Washington recently and he tells me he had a very fine visit with Mr Finch and Mr. Klein and with Rosemary Woods As you know, he is President of KTTV and a director of the Times-Mirror Company, and I know he is very anxious to help in every way that he can with your own plans for 1960. I know Peter Grace is, too, and so am I. With best wishes to you and your family, Sincerely, green Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library March 1, 1960 The Honorable Richard M. Nixon Vice President of the United States Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Vice President: It has just occurred to me that I never sent you a copy of the report I wrote in The Grace Log regarding your wonderful representation of our country on your trip to Russia and Poland last summer, and I am taking the liberty of sending you a reprint of the article, which was published in October, in the event that your staff has been assembling any material on the subject. In our magazine, which has an outside circulation of some 60,000 throughout this country and in Latin America, I wrote, with the greatest of sincerity: "It seems to me that the most important fact I observed was the superb performance of Mr. Nixon in what can fairly be called the first "open" visit to Russia of a top-level official of the United States. His long and intensive training in dealing with the peoples and officials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation he had made for his mission and his strength of mind 'and character all combined to make his visit tremen- dously successful. This is not only my observation. There is no more severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned American newspaper correspondents. They are trained to judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all of the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon visit were friendly to him politically or personally. Yet, as I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit they were unanimous in their agreement that he had represented his country to perfection -- from his opening speech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television address to the Russian people on the eve of his departure for Warsaw". Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library My brother Dick was in Washington recently and he tells me he had a very fine visit with Mr. Finch and Mr. Klein and with Rosemary Woods. As you know, he is President of KTTV and a director of the Times-Mirror Company, and I know he is very anxious to help in every way that he can with your own plans for 1960. I know Peter Grace is, too, and so am I. With best wishes to you and your family, Sincerely, s/ John Moore /m (JDJM:MM) Ene Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library 1/4/60 RN John Moore, Executive Vice President of W. R. Grace & Co., called today. He said that "they are baxixxxxx hanging crepe all over Peru because the President is going to Chile instead of Peru. 11 Mr. Moore wondered whether you could put in a good work anywhere to get the President to consider Peru. He said Peru is the only one of these countries that is doing a job in pxxxxx private enterprise. He couldn't imagine why it would be recommended that the President not go there instead of Chile, rmw Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY August 11, 1959 Dear John: Moore, John D.J. D. J. This is just a note to tell you how very much I appreciated the cable you sent me in Warsaw con- cerning our visit to the Soviet Union. As you so well know, it was difficult to try to find the right tone for the speeches and, for this reason, I am particularly grateful for your generous comments. I wish also you could have been with us to see the tremendously moving welcome we received on our ride from the airport to downtown Warsaw. It was especially significant because, as you may have noted in the press, neither the arrival time nor the route we would take were published. With kindest personal regards, Sincerely, DM Richard Nixon x-Moscow trip (congratulations) folder Mr. John D. J. Moore Vice President W.R. Grace Company 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York rmw'rd Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library R-PARIS Radiogram Reklamacje można zgłaszać Ргирјсю: telegraficznie pod Nr 86-167 daia 38 D Γ. Honoroble Richard Uwagi służbowe: gods. 17 25 Nixon 7 podpie Grand Hotel knurs28 57 paris 96 3 1405 = honorable richard m nixon warsaw = as an american ciizen who was privileged to witness your historic visit to soviet russia 1 W sh tothank and congratulate you for the speeches you made and the splendid manner in which you repersented our country before the soviet officials and the russian people you were clear firm honest and friendly and 1 feel sure the truths you told them and the american attitudes you expressed so well are bound to acompl sh much good as always 1 am proud to know you and mrs nixon regards = johnn d j moore ct honor abte richard m nixon john d 1 moore Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY X July 22, 1959 Dear John: Moore, John D. J. - folder X - invitation date file This is just a note to thank you for your letter of July 14 extending an invitation to me to attend the next quarterly meeting of the United States Inter-American Council. It would be most enjoyable, I know, for me to have an opportunity to be with you on board the new SS ARGENTINA on September 17, and I greatly appreciate your thoughtfulness in inviting me. U. S. Inter-American Council quarterly meeting Unfortunately, because of the addition to my schedule of the official trip I am making to Russia, it has become necessary for me to rearrange my engagements in order to honor all those I had previously made during that period. As a result, my schedule Invitation - New York - NEW YORK September 17, 1959 - TD for September is now so heavily committed that I have no choice but to decide, regretfully, that I shall not have the pleasure of being with you on September 17. With appreciation for your cordial invitation, and kindest personal regards, Sincerely, Richard Nixon Mr. John D. J. Moore Vice President W. R. Grace & Co. 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York amk Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY COPY November 1, 1958 Dear Mr. Moore: Since the Vice President is away from Wash- ington at the present time I wish to acknowledge your letter of October 28 and your thoughtfulness in enclosing a copy of the speech made recently by Mr. Pedro Beltran. Moore, John D.J. You may be sure that the Vice President will appreciate very much your taking the time and trouble to bring this important address to his attention as well as your most generous comments regarding his cam- paign activities. I will forward your letter and the speech to him just as soon as possible but in the mean- Beltran, Pedro folder time I thought you would like tohear that they had arrived. I know that the Vice President would want me to extend to you his very best wishes. Sincerely, R. E. Cushman, Jr. Executive Assistant generous comments 1958 campaign to the Vice President Mr. John D. J. Moore Vice President W.R. Grace and Company REC:ak 11/1/58 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library W. R. GRACE & Co. 7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5,N.Y. JOHN D.J MOORE VICE PRESIDENT October 28, 1958 The Honorable Richard M. Nixon Vice President of the United States Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Vice President: It was an unexpected pleasure to see you for a moment after your TV press conference at the Sheraton Belvedere last week. You looked fine and I hope you are keeping up your strength during this remarkably effective stretch of campaigning you are doing. I talked on the telephone last night with Peter Grace, who was in Chile, and told him that I honestly believe that your New York appearance has provided the necessary 51% margin for Rockefeller. So far I think Hogan may still have a slight edge for the Senate, but it is narrowing. It was good of you to mention seeing my brother Dick in Los Angeles. As I told you, he was thrilled with your visit to his studio and telephoned me that night to tell me all about it. He is doing a great job for Norman Chandler on KTTV, and I am very proud of him. As you may know, Norman recently made him a director of the Times - Mirror Co. and I think he is going places in California. I would like to bring him in to see you some day when he is in Washington. I don't know whether you had a chance to see the remark- able speech that our mutual friend, Pedro Beltran of Peru, delivered at the Economic Club of New York last week, and I thought I would send you a copy together with an editorial which it provoked in the Herald Tribune. Pedro was invited at Peter Grace's suggestion in order to get the Economic Club more interested in Latin America and the speech went over with a great big bang. When the campaign is over, I hope that you will have time for a visit with us to talk about more ideas in the Latin American area. With best regards, John Sincerely yours, Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library taxi JUL 28 1958 file W R. GRACE & CO. 7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y. JOHN D.J. MOORE July 24, 1958 VICE PRESIDENT The Honorable Richard M. Nixon Vice President of the United States Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Vice President: I wish to tell you how deeply the members of the Committee on Latin America of the Business Advisory Council appreciate the meeting we held with you on July 22. card After the meeting we all got together and reviewed the evening, and agreed that it was the high spot in the ten years of the Committee's life. The depth of your understanding of the Latin American situation - -- economic, social and political, and your readiness to discuss candidly the essentials of the issues involved made a tremendous impression on every man present. We will follow up closely on the points which were discussed, and meanwhile we renew our pledge to you that we remain at your service in this area of the national interest. I speak for all the Committee when I say that you have our wholehearted thanks and admiration. With great respect, Sincerely yours, John Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY January 22, 1958 John Dear Mr. Moore: Phonged This is just a note to thank you for your thoughtful letter of January 15 enclosing a copy of the November/ December issue of The Grace Log. We cleared the decks in the Nixon household for the January 9 special event at Newport News by having a birthday observance in advance. Although I don't relish advancing my years by even one day, I was both proud and happy that my family could have a part in the christening ceremonies for one of the magnificent Grace Liners. Mrs. Nixon, Tricia and Julie had a thoroughly enjoyable time and one which they will always Moore, John D. J. in re Santa Paula launching on 1/9 remember with special pleasure. I was particularly glad to note that you had printed excerpts from the proceedings of the International Develop- ment Conference in Spanish. Knowing the esteem in which the W.R. Grace Company is held throughout South America I feel certain that the excerpts will be read and discussed with wide interest. It was a pleasure seeing you recently and all of us hope that one day we may have a voyage on the Santa Paula or another of your splendid ships. With every good wish, Sincerely, EN/AW/rd 1/22/58 Richard Nixon Mr. John Moore, Vice President W. R. Grace and Company M 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library W R. GRACE & Co. SWN 20 1958 7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y. January 15, 1958 JOHN D.J. MOORE VICE PRESIDENT Hon. Richard M. Nixon The Vice President of the United States Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Vice President: I enjoyed very much seeing you at Union Station last week when you came to see Mrs. Nixon and your daughters off on the Santa Paula Launching Special. As you probably know, we did not realize that January 9 was such a key date in the Nixon household, and we are deeply grateful that you permitted your family to come to Newport News. Needless to say, Mrs. Nixon, Tricia and Julie were the big attractions at our launching. The launching went very well. It was a perfect oc- casion. We hope that you and your family will travel on "Mrs. Nixon's Ship." I also appreciate your note acknowledging our memo- randum to you about taxation on foreign earnings. I therefore have thought you would like to see your address at the recent International Industrial Development Conference in San Francisco as reported in English and and Spanish on pages 7 to 10 of The Grace Log. May I again express my pleasure in seeing you again recently, and my thanks for your family's participation in the Santa Paula launching. Sincerely, Joun woore Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library november/december/1957 The GRACE LOG SAN FRANCISCO - Site of the International Industrial Development Conference PAGE 4 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library See for yourself the Big Difference in Urea Feed Compounds PRODUCT A PRODUCT B Grace Micro-Prilled Urea Feed Compound The smooth, round balls are free-flowing, non-caking. ALL 3 PHOTOS ARE 12 TIMES ACTUAL SIZE. Only Grace Urea Feed Compound is Micro-Prilled® Smooth Round Free-Flowing Write for complete Micro-Prilling, an exclusive Grace process, pro- details. duces a feed compound in the form of tiny balls that are truly free-flowing. Each ball is clay-coated to prevent caking. Blends easily in any standard mixing equipment. Assures an even, uniform mix throughout. Grace Chemical Company A Division of W.R. Grace & Co. MEMPHIS-Edway Bldg., JAckson 7-1551 CHICAGO-75 E. Wacker, FRanklin 2-6424 TAMPA-2901 Alline, 63-4121 NEW YORK Hanover Square, Dlgby 4-1200 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library The GRACE LOG ON THE COVER - San Francisco is cable cars, Nob Hill, Fisherman's Wharf and other famous old and new landmarks. But perhaps the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, pictured here, best exemplifies the sweep and progress of the City of the Golden Gate, which was the host city to the recent International Industrial Development Conference. November-December 1957 Volume 32 Number 6 GRACE The GRACE LOG &CO 4 The International Industrial Development Conference in San Francisco drew top-notch business people from all over the Free World. Vice President John D. J Moore of W R. Grace & Co. has written of the high spots. In 7 Government Aid Is Not the Whole Answer, declared Vice President Richard M. Nixon This of the United States at the I.I.D.C. banquet, and then he explained what other financial sources might do to help underdeveloped countries. Issue 9 La ayuda gubernamental no soluciona todo, declaró el Vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos, Richard M Nixon, durante el banquete de la C.F.I.I., y luego explicó qué pueden hacer otras fuentes financieras para ayudar a los países subde- sarrollados. 11 Proposed Lead-Zinc Curbs Would Injure Hemisphere Economy, said James H. Stebbins, Ex- ecutive Vice President of W R. Grace & Co., in a statement to the United States Tariff Commission. 13 Vinyl Was the Password When Paint Moved Indoors tells how research at Dewey and Almy licked odor and other paint problems. By Roger Kaufman. 14 Chile in All Its Splendor shows historic and other tourist attractions in this color- ful and significant Latin American nation. 16 Grace Line Brings Electronic Wizardry to the Steamship Industry-in which are explained some intriguing operations of a new data processing system. By Dorothy Hinz. 18 The World's Best Fishing Cabo Blanco is an account of the big ones that are taken at this new deep-sea and surf-casting fishing resort in Peru. It is also a prime spot for recreation and rest. 20 El Instituto Smithsoniano un tesoro de historia y de la vida diaria. Informe sobre las inmensas colecciones de sus museos, galerías y otras ramas de este institución norteamericano "para el aumento y dijusión del conocimiento." Por John W White. 23 On Wings of Panagra News and Views 26-27 24-25 Seen on the Santas News of Grace 28 FRED W WACKERNAGEL JR., Editor DOROTHY HINZ, Associate Editor GRAPHIC CREDITS: Cover, 3, La Hacienda from Seagram and the Michaelson; 27 (top right) Foto Digar, Medellin, Colombia; 27 San Francisco Chamber of Commerce; 4, 5 (right), 8 (left), 9, (bottom, both), 28, Wide World. Walter Daran; 5 (left) 7 (left), 8 (right) Robert Lackenbach, TIME; 6, San Francisco Chamber of Commerce; 7 (right), N. R. U. S. COPYRIGHT, 1957, by W R. Grace & Co. Any material Farbman, LIFE; 10, Jon Brenneis; 11, Cerro de Pasco Corporation; in the magazine may be reprinted, unless otherwise noted, if 12, H. R. Ramus, Lima, Peru; 13 (top), G. M. Cushing, Boston; credited to THE GRACE LOG. Please address correspondence to 14 (top left, bottom left), 15 (bottom right), Grace Line; 14 (left the Public Relations Department, W. R. Grace & Co., 3 Hanover center), Pan American Union; 14 (bottom right) Carroll Van Ark; Square, New York 4, N. Y. 15 (top left), United Press-Acme Photos; 15 (top right, bottom left), Panagra; 16, 17, News Events; 18 (top) C. J. Tippett, Lima, THE GRACE LOG is published by W. R. Grace & Co., 7 Hanover Peru; 20, 21, 22 (top, bottom right), The Smithsonian Institution; Square, New York 5, N. Y. W. R. Grace & Co. is a chemical 22 (bottom left) National Gallery of Art; 23 (center top), Kal manufacturing and international industrial concern with transporta- Weyner; 23, (center bottom, bottom right), Frank Rodgers for Pa- tion interests. J. Peter Grace, President; Franklin Moon, Secretary; nagra; 25 (top right), Harris & Ewing; 26 (bottom right), A. G. K. A. Lawder, Treasurer. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library I.I.D.C. The International Industrial By JOHN D. J. MOORE IN AN ATMOSPHERE charged with excitement, enthusiasm The challenge facing the delegates was succinctly stated and dedication to high ideals, bankers, government offi- by M. R. Masani, an independent member of the Indian cials and industrialists from 62 nations gathered in San Parliament. He said: Francisco in October at a meeting that may well become "The drive for economic development is on in the a landmark in the world's economic history Over 500 under-industrialized regions. The question is not whether outstanding men invited by Time-Life International and this transformation will occur, but at what rate and the Stanford Research Institute to the first International whether or not these peoples will do the job in association Industrial Development Conference devoted a week of with the rest of the Free World. There are, of course, risks their busy lives to a major challenge. involved either way, but when ethical considerations, That challenge was nothing less than the development those of international security and of unrivaled self- of a free enterprise plan of action to meet what one interest, point in the same direction, the risks of action speaker called today's "revolution of rising expectations" are surely worth taking." Thus twice in a little more than a decade the magni- Dr. A. Eugene Staley, Senior International Economist ficent city of San Francisco has been the scene of pioneer- of the Stanford Research Institute, pointed out that the ing in international coöperation. A dozen years ago the "revolution of rising expectations" now sweeping the statesmen of the world met there to form the United under-industrialized areas of the world is one of the most Nations. profoundly important economic and political facts of In the years that have elapsed since the Charter of the our time. United Nations was adopted, the political tensions of the world have not diminished. But during these same years it has become abundantly evident that economic coöpera- tion and industrial development are not only feasible but are essential to world peace. The men who met at San Francisco this autumn dedi- cated themselves to the task of applying all of the brains and skill of the world of business to the job of bringing a higher standard of living and the better things of life to the underdeveloped nations of the world through the machinery of enlightened private enterprise. In the ballrooms and corridors of the Fairmont Hotel, in the board rooms of San Francisco corporations and banks and at the "Top of the Mark" in the Mark Hopkins Hotel, delegates from Afghanistan to Venezuela heard frank and often blunt talk on either side of the problem. The delegates themselves formed an exclusive Who's Who of international finance and business. The Con- ference was the largest and most impressive gathering of From left, Dr. Weldon B. Gibson, Associate Director of Stanford Research Institute, and leading international businessmen ever held to study the Edgar R. Baker, Managing Director of Time- problem of industrialization. Life International, I.I.D.C. Co-Directors, pose with Henry R. Luce, Editor-in-Chief of Time Inc., who was the Conference Chairman. De izquierda a derecha: Dr. Weldon B. Gibson, Director Adjunto del Instituto de Investiga- MR. MOORE attended the International Industrial ciones de la Universidad de Stanford, y Edgar R. Baker, Gerente de Time-Life International, Development Conference at San Francisco as a dele- gate of W. R. Grace & Co., of which he is a Vice Codirectores de la C.F.I.I., posan con Henry President. He is Vice Chairman of the Board of R. Luce, Editor Jefe, Time Inc., quien Trustees of the U.S. Inter-American Council and the actuo como Presidente de la Conferencia. Chairman of the Latin American Committee of the Business Advisory Council of the Departments of Com- merce and State. He has also represented the U.S. Mrs. Robert G. North, U.S.-born and American business interests at various interna- businesswoman, who was one of tional conferences in Latin America, including the four delegates from Thailand. Inter-American Economic Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1954. Señora de Robert G. North, nacida 4 en los EE.UU., que fué uno de los cuatros delegados de Tailandia. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Development Conference IN SAN FRANCISCO Two-thirds of the world's population, he observed, lives another year, 650 should be in operation; by the year in the underdeveloped countries. Dr Staley declared: 1975, the target is 2,500 new plants. "The danger in the 'revolution of rising expectations' is Today, he also said, 85 percent of the investment in that growth in productive power will lag so far behind Puerto Rico is private, and the total is far greater than growth in expectations that there will be serious dis- the Government could possibly have afforded. Local busi- appointments and frustrations and possibly political dis- nessmen are now entering the manufacturing field; they turbances." own and operate about 100 of the new factories, mostly How can Free World capitalism cope with this stagger- the smaller ones, but a few of very substantial size. ing problem? A variety of answers ensued. From the side of the industrialized nations came sug- Reflecting generally the views of the underdeveloped gestions of an entirely different nature. Dr David McCord nations, Miguel Cuaderno, Sr., Governor of the Central Wright of McGill University, in Montreal, Canada, pointed Bank of the Philippines, suggested that an excellent way out that machinery and tools are the great resources of to "eliminate the fears, suspicions or misgivings of native the industrialized nations, while labor is the great resource entrepreneurs about foreign investors" might be to expand of the underdeveloped countries and capital their des- the use of joint local and foreign capital ventures. He perate bottleneck. "World output and the prosperity of said citizens of these countries want to become indus- individual countries," he cautioned, "can often be more trialists, businessmen and financiers in their own lands. quickly and efficiently raised through exports and ex- "They realize," he continued, "that if they are to have change than through trying to make every country, imme- this opportunity, now is the time for them to engage in diately, a little Pittsburgh." the establishment and operation of industries, financial Henry B. Sargent, President of American & Foreign institutions, large-scale modern farming and other forms Power Company, Inc., warned that if free enterprise is to of business-not after such economic activities shall have win its way against the cult of state socialism, it must fallen into the hands of foreign elements." produce competent managers capable of "thinking, plan- From Puerto Rico came another proposal, and with an ning and acting with boldness, courage and skill-man- impressive success story backing it up. Teodoro Moscoso, agers who can make the best of domestic resources and head of the island's Economic Development Administra- all that foreign investment has to offer, who are capable tion, related how "Operation Bootstrap" was devised to of helping to dissipate the misdirected nationalism, sus- provide Government funds as a "catalyst" and how a ten- picion and misunderstanding that are such great obstacles year exemption on taxes on corporate income and prop- to economic progress, international coöperation and world erty was used as an incentive. peace." Today, he pointed out, new factories are opening at the Mr Sargent, whose own company has been a leader in rate of ten per month, and on November 6th of this year the development of Latin American management talent, new plant No. 500 was to start operations. By the end of praised the similar accomplishments of General Electric, Louis R. González, Pres- ident of González Chem- ical Industries, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico; Teo- doro Moscoso, Admin- istrator of the Economic Development Adminis- tration, San Juan, P. R. Luis R. González, Presi- dente de las Industrias Químicas González, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico; Teo- doro Moscoso, Director de la Administración de Fomento Económico, de San Juan, Puerto Rico. 5 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library San Francisco's famed Market Street (center), in the business and financial district; (in foreground) part of the Embarcadero. La famosa calle "Market Street" de San Francisco (centro), en la zona comer- cial y de negocios; (en pri- mer plano) el Embarcadero. Sears Roebuck, W R. Grace & Co. and Creole Petroleum. Conference would be complete without expressing tribute He cited W R. Grace & Co.'s "organizational know-how to the traditionally magnificent hospitality of the cos- and managerial talent [that] have contributed indirectly mopolitan city of San Francisco, its business firms and to other industries in Peru as well as directly to the its people. The women of San Francisco organized delight- development of Grace's extensive activity" ful trips and entertainment for the wives of the delegates; Hermann J Abs, Director of the Deutsche Bank of the City of San Francisco played host at a brilliant recep- Frankfurt, West Germany, made one of the most signi- tion in the Palace of the Legion of Honor Time-Life ficant proposals of the Conference. He suggested the advis- International and the Stanford Research Institute invited ability of the capital-exporting countries coördinating the delegates to the San Francisco opera and to a recep- their policies of financial assistance to other nations and tion in the beautiful City Hall at which Life's illumina- of government assistance for long-term export credits. tions of 50 great paintings were displayed. The planning Herr Abs proposed a Magna Charta that would set down and execution of the entire program were a great tribute principles for fair and equitable treatment of foreign to its sponsors. capital and creation of a special international Court of Fully as valuable as the plenary sessions of the Con- Arbitration that would determine any violations of these ference were the individual round-table meetings at which principles and hand down measures to correct them. small groups met in the board rooms of San Francisco's From the vantage point of the Presidency of the Inter- leading business concerns and discussed the problems of national Bank for Reconstruction and Development, international industrial development man to man and Eugene R. Black strongly urged governments and private face to face with encouraging results. businessmen alike to do more to meet the compelling Indicative of the enthusiasm that the Conference gener- demands of the peoples of the free world for higher living ated was the applause for the address of Berthold Beitz, standards. Since the end of the war, he declared, the the dynamic Chairman of the Executive Board of Firma world has in fact been running so fast economically that Friedrich Krupp, Essen. He stressed the value of enabling it is now "getting short of breath." "leading businessmen from all over the world [to have] It remained for the Vice President of the United States, the opportunity to discover each other a little better as Richard M. Nixon, to give concrete demonstration to the human beings" Herr Beitz brought the delegates cheering Conference that our Government strongly supports the aim to their feet when he proposed a future meeting to be held of developing the economies of the underdeveloped actually as a challenge to the totalitarian philosophies nations. In one of the truly great addresses of the Con- and practices that lie behind the Iron Curtain. "Let us ference, he described private initiative and capital as the hold it in Berlin itself-an island of free enterprise," "motors of economic progress." The Vice President he declared. aroused tremendous enthusiasm on the part of both the There seems no doubt that the men who met at San foreign delegates and the United States businessmen Francisco will want to meet again in a group, and there present, when he swept the meeting with a nine-point is also no doubt that out of their deliberations and the policy program under which the Eisenhower Administra- contacts established with one another will come signi- tion would give substantial assistance toward promoting ficant advances in the role of private enterprise and private investments overseas. (His speech is excerpted on world development. pages 7 and 8 in English and on 9 and 10 in Spanish.) The seeds that Time-Life International planted with its Other important addresses were directed at focusing Inter-American Investment Conference at New Orleans world attention on the issues involved in industrial invest- early in 1955 (in co-sponsorship with International ments. In SO doing, the Conference achieved its objective House and the City of New Orleans) and again with the of delineating the areas of agreement and disagreement. great San Francisco Conference in conjunction with the No account of the International Industrial Development Stanford Research Institute seem bound to bear rich fruit. 6 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Government Aid Is Not the Whole Answer Vice President Nixon, at the International Industrial Development Conference at San Francisco, stated that private enterprise is the most productive source of economic progress. Herewith are highlights from his address. I AM HONORED to bring greetings from the President of hydroelectric plant have come to seem much more than the United States to the representatives of 62 nations economic needs. They have become symbols of the pride attending this historic conference. and hopes of whole nations. We could make no greater mistake than to brush off The Communist World is willing to promise that it [the Soviet satellite] as a scientific stunt of more signifi- will help fulfill these hopes. It will do this in spite of its cance to the man in the moon than to men on earth. own desperately low standard of living. Mr Khrushchev himself has declared that the Com- We know, of course, that such aid will be short-lived munists would prefer to gain their objective of world and deceptive. But if it succeeds in extending Communist domination through methods other than military conflict. rule throughout Africa and Asia, the Kremlin will have This does not mean that we should ignore the tremendous assured its victory in the battle for the world. It will military threat posed by Russian power It does mean then control their immense wealth in oil, uranium, copper that we must be prepared for an all-out Communist eco- and many other materials essential for the economic life nomic offensive to win the allegiance of hundreds of of the Free World. The Western World will be forced to millions of people in the uncommitted world, as well as surrender without the firing of a shot. even some of those in the Free World. I am confident that we can meet and defeat this chal- As far as the average citizen is concerned, the record lenge provided we base our policies on the fundamental fortunately is on our side and not theirs. The contrast principle which is the generating force behind this Con- between the record prosperity of Western Germany and ference - the recognition that the most productive source the dismal poverty of Eastern Germany most eloquently of economic progress is private rather than government demonstrates the superiority of a free society over the enterprise. Communist system. I say this fully recognizing that there has been and is We believe that free men in the long run will out- an important place for government action. Ever since the plan and out-produce a slave economy But we cannot war, the U.S. government has conducted the most enor- ignore the fact that a dictator state can in the short mous peace-time banking operation in the history of run achieve spectacular results by concentrating its full government finance. The total of our grants and loans power in any given direction. abroad in that period is nearly 60 billion dollars. This is particularly true in view of the fact that the But government capital is in a sense crisis capital. Communists are concentrating their efforts on the newly- However, we must recognize that government aid can- developing countries of Asia and Africa. These people not possibly meet the problem with which we are con- are now in revolution, not a political revolt, but a world fronted. The only source of investment funds that revolution of people's expectations. can be greatly expanded is private capital. In the course of this revolution, the steel mill and the There are limits to what government can do. There is partly the limit imposed by budgetary problems. But above all there is the limit imposed by our conviction that free private enterprise is the preferable medium for aid for the newly-developing countries. There are certain things which the United States can do, that the governments of countries in which money is to be invested can do, and that American businessmen U S. Vice President Richard M. Nixon ad- dresses the I.I.D.C. ban- quet; (right) part of the banquet audience. El Vicepresidente Richard M. Nixon habla en el banquete de la C.F.I.I.; FINTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL: derecha: una parte de la CONFERENCE concurrencia al banquete. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library abroad can do to stimulate the increase in foreign invest- cannot satisfy the borrowing requirements of the Export- ment the world needs. Import Bank. Let us consider what steps the capital deficit nations We should initiate, through international organizations can take. There must be at the outset recognition of such as the World Bank, studies which could examine the the fact that the world shortage of capital which evi- feasibility of setting up a privately-operated international dences itself in rising interest rates has forced a sharp investment guarantee fund. measure of competition for the capital which is available Because trade is the great generator and vehicle of the for foreign investment. Any government that is serious capital the world so badly needs, the [U.S.] Reciprocal about wanting private capital will necessarily enter this Trade Agreements Act should be extended for at least competition. It can set the conditions which will either five years when it comes up for renewal in the next ses- induce that capital to flow or stop it cold. sion of Congress. This action would demonstrate perma- Let me give an example. Whatever one may think of nent and expanding interest of the U.S. in world trade. Premier Nasser's right to "Egyptianize" the Suez Canal- Whether in order to get paid for our exports, or to get a and our Government has not disputed his right-it can- return on our investments, or simply to assure ourselves not be denied that he made Egypt less attractive to new of the most economical source of raw materials, the U.S. capital than it was before. In contrast we see the results must become an ever larger importer. The Reciprocal in countries like the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Trade Agreements Act is our best assurance that these Mexico or our own independent Commonwealth of Puerto imports will be accessible to us on a fair and non- Rico, where the governments discriminatory basis. have set up active and effi- For the same reason we should complete our member- cient bureaus and hospitable ship in the Organization for Trade Coöperation. This or- policies to promote and wel- ganization, which the U.S. helped to found, is a place come foreign capital, and as where the established system of multilateral tariff bargain- a result are getting more of ing and the rules of trade reciprocity can be recorded it than ever before. and systematized. Let us now see what the We should pass legislation, long since recommended by Government of the United the President, to simplify certain antiquated and unjust States can and should do to methods of valuation in our customs procedures. Nelson Rockefeller, Presi- encourage private investment dent of The International abroad. [Private investors'] oper- ations must be based first of Basic Economy Corpora- The economic sections of all on the twentieth century tion, was a key speaker. our embassies abroad should principle that the primary Nelson Rockefeller, Presi- be upgraded and strength- purpose of foreign invest- dente de la International ened both in quantity and ment is to create new wealth Basic Economy Corporation, quality rather than to exploit a pronunciando su discurso. When tax revision becomes newly-developing country feasible, the Congress should pass a tax reform which American personnal abroad the President has twice urged. He would extend to in- should always be trained to vestors in other parts of the world the 14-point income be Ambassadors of good will tax credit for which Western Hemisphere trade corpor- as well as competent tech- ations are already eligible. nicians. The Congress should also consider the feasibility of The training of foreign passing a tax reform similar to one adopted by the United nationals to assume man- Kingdom a few months ago. This would defer U.S. taxes agerial as well as subordinate on income and profits earned entirely abroad until they responsibilities should be are actually paid in dividends to the stockholder or the given top priority parent company I would not suggest that Robert R. Bottome, invest- We should channel more of our governmental financial these proposals I have rec- ment banker in Venezuela. operations abroad through private investors and enter- ommended are all inclusive. prisers, U.S. and foreign. Specifically, Congress could Robert R. Bottome, banquero require-instead of permitting as at present-that at least But the adoption of such a inversionista de Venezuela. 25 percent of the foreign currencies we now acquire under program could provide the necessary stimulus for a our agricultural aid program be made available for loans to U.S. business in those countries. dramatic expansion of private investment and trade throughout the world. The new 300-million-dollar developmental fund should be set up in such a way that in its administration and The world of tomorrow is in our hands. policies it does not become merely a pale carbon copy The very fact that this Conference is being held pro- of either the Export-Import Bank or the [International claims to the world that the forces of freedom have the Coöperation Administration] Its primary purpose strength, the vitality and the determination to win the should be to channel funds into private enterprises which great struggle for the world. 8 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library La ayuda gubernamental no soluciona todo El Vicepresidente Richard Nixon declaro en la Conferencia de Fomento Industrial Internacional, de San Francisco, que la empresa privada es la fuente mas productiva de progreso economico. He aquí algunos de los puntos sobresalientes de su discurso: Es UN HONOR para mi traer un saludo del Presidente de engañosa. Pero si tiene éxito en extender el régimen los Estados Unidos a los representantes de las 62 naciones comunista por Africa y Asia, el Kremlin habrá asegurado que asisten a esta histórica conferencia. su victoria en la lucha por el mundo entonces contro- No podríamos cometer peor error que desdeñar (el lará la inmensa riqueza petrolífera, de uranio, cobre y satélite soviético) como una hazaña cientifica de mas muchas otras materias primas de esos territorios, esen- importancia para el hombre de la luna que para el ciales para la vida económica del mundo libre. Y el hombre de la tierra. mundo occidental se verá obligado a rendirse sin disparar El mismo señor Khrushchev ha declarado que los comu- un sólo tiro. nistas prefieren lograr sus objetivos de dominación mun- Tengo fé en que podemos hacer frente y salir airosos dial por métodos diferentes al conflicto militar Esto no de este reto, sièmpre y cuando que basemos nuestra polí- quiere decir que debemos ignorar la inmensa amenaza tica en el principio fundamental que es la fuerza genera- militar que significa el poderío ruso. Significa que debe- dora de esta conferencia-el reconocimiento de que la mos estar preparados a una ofensiva económica general fuente mas productiva de progreso económico es la em- comunista que trata de ganarse la lealtad de cientos de presa privada y no la gubernamental. millones de personas del mundo neutral, e inclusive la de Digo esto dándome perfecta cuenta de que ha habido y algunos de los del mundo libre. existe lugar importante para la acción por parte del Afortunadamente, en cuanto se refiere al ciudadano gobierno. Desde la guerra, el gobierno de los Estados común, la ventaja está de nuestro lado y no del de ellos. Unidos ha realizado la mas grande operación bancaria El contraste entre la prosperidad sin precedente de Ale- de tiempo de paz en la historia de la financiación guberna- mania Occidental y la desalentadora pobreza de Alemania mental. El total de nuestros donativos y préstamos al Oriental, demuestra de modo elocuente la superioridad de exterior en ese período llega a casi 60.000 millones de una sociedad libre sobre el sistema comunista. dólares. Creemos que a la larga el hombre libre ganará en efi- Pero el capital del gobierno es, en cierto modo, capital ciencia y superará en producción a una economía esclava. de tiempo de crisis. Pero no podemos ignorar el hecho de que un estado dicta- Sin embargo, debemos reconocer que la ayuda del torial puede lograr en poco tiempo resultados especta- gobierno no puede hacer frente al problema a que esta- culares al concentrar todos sus recursos en determinada mos encarados la única fuente de fondos para inver- dirección. siones que puede ser grandemente ampliada es la del Esto es cierto especialmente en vista del hecho de que capital privado. los comunistas están concentrando sus esfuerzos en los Hay límites para lo que el gobierno puede hacer Existe nuevos países de Asia y Africa que comienzan a desarro- parcialmente aquel de los problemas presupuestarios. Pero llarse. Estos pueblos están actualmente en revolución, no por sobre todo, está el de nuestra convicción de que la en revuelta política, sino en la revolución mundial de la empresa privada libre es el medio preferido para ayudar esperanza de los pueblos. a los países que están comenzando a desarrollarse. En el curso de ésta, las acerías y las plantas hidroeléc- Hay ciertas cosas que los Estados Unidos pueden hacer; tricas han llegado a ser mas que necesidades económicas. ciertas que pueden hacer los gobiernos de las naciones Se han convertido en símbolo de orgullo y esperanza de en las que se va a invertir el dinero; y ciertas que pueden las naciones. hacer los hombres de negocios norteamericanos en el exte- El mundo comunista está dispuesto a prometer que rior para estimular el flujo del capital extranjero que ayudará a hacer realidad esas esperanzas. Lo hará pese necesita el mundo. al bajísimo nivel de vida en que vive. Consideremos qué medidas pueden tomar las naciones Sabemos, por supuesto, que tal ayuda será corta y que necesitan capital. Desde un principio se debe Izq.-der.: Hermann J. Abs, Gerente del Deutsche Bank, de Francfort, Alemania Occidental; Miguel Cua- derno, Director del Banco Central de las Filipinas, Manila; Marcus Wallenberg, Presidente del Enskilda Bank de Estocolmo; Walther Mo- reira Salles, Gerente del Banco Moreira Salles S.A., São Paulo, Brasil. From left, Hermann J. Abs, Direc- tor of the Deutsche Bank, Frank- furt, West Germany: Miguel Cuaderno, Governor of the Central Bank of the Philippines, Manila; Marcus Wallenberg, President of the Stockholm (Sweden) Enskilda Bank; Walther Moreira Salles, Director of the Banco Moreira Salles S.A., São Paulo, Brazil. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Sala de la Directiva del Banco de América, donde unos delegados hablaron sobre inversiones en el exterior. The Board Room of the Bank of America, where businessmen talked of overseas investments. ción y política no se convierta únicamente en un pálido reflejo del Banco de Exportación e Importación o de la (Administración de Cooperación Internacional) su objetivo primordial debe ser proporcionar fondos a las empresas privadas que no pueden satisfacer los requisitos reconocer el hecho de que la escasez mundial de capital, de préstamo del Banco de Exportación e Importación. que se manifiesta en los crecientes tipos de interés, ha Debemos iniciar estudios, por intermedio de organiza- hecho surgir una fuerte competencia por el capital dispo- ciones internacionales, como el Banco Mundial, que exami- nible para inversión en el exterior Cualquier gobierno nen la posibilidad de establecer un fondo de garantía, de que piense seriamente en conseguir capital privado, nece- caracter privado, para las inversiones internacionales. sariamente entrará en esta competencia. Puede fijar las Ya que el comercio es el gran generador y vehículo del condiciones que bien animen el flujo de ese capital 0 capital que tanto necesita el mundo, la ley norteamericana lo detengan. de Acuerdos Recíprocos de Comercio, debe ser prorrogada Pongamos un ejemplo: Piénsese lo que se quiera del por lo menos por cinco años, cuando ésta sea presentada derecho del Presidente del Consejo de Ministros Nasser de "egipcianizar" el Canal de Suez-y este es un derecho para su renovación en la próxima sesión del Congreso. que nuestro gobierno no ha discutido-no se puede negar Esta medida demostraría el permanente y creciente que hizo a Egipto menos atractivo que antes para la inver- interés de los Estados Unidos en el comercio mundial. sión de nuevo capital. En contraste, vemos los resultados Los Estados Unidos deben convertirse en mayor exporta- en países como Holanda, Irlanda del Norte, Méjico 0 dor, bien sea con el objeto de que se nos pague por nuestro independiente Estado Asociado de Puerto Rico, nuestras exportaciones, de obtener beneficio de nuestras en donde los gobiernos han creado organismos activos y inversiones, o simplemente de asegurar la fuente mas eficaces y han adoptado políticas hospitalarias para fo- económica de materias primas. La ley de Acuerdos de mentar y recibir de buen grado el capital extranjero y Comercio Recíproco es nuestra mejor seguridad de que como resultado lo están consiguiendo en mayor cantidad tendremos acceso a tales importaciones sobre bases justas que antes. y sin discriminación. Veamos ahora que puede y debe hacer el gobierno de Por esta misma razón debemos ratificar nuestra calidad los Estados Unidos para fomentar la inversión privada en de miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación el exterior Comercial. Esta organización, que los Estados Unidos Las secciones económicas de nuestras embajadas deben ayudaron a fundar, es donde se pueden registrar y regla- ser fortalecidas tanto en cantidad como en calidad. mentar el sistema de negociación multilateral de aranceles y los códigos de reciprocidad del intercambio comercial. Cuando sea factible la revisión de los impuestos, el Deberíamos aprobar una ley, que desde hace tiempo Congreso debería aprobar la reforma tributaria que en dos ocasiones ha solicitado el Presidente. Con ello se viene recomendando el Presidente, para simplificar ciertos métodos anticuados e injustos de fijación de nuestros haría partícipe a los inversionistas de otras partes del aranceles. mundo del crédito de 14 puntos al impuesto sobre la renta, a lo cual ya tienen derecho las compañías comerciales del Las operaciones (de los inversionistas privados) deben Hemisferio Occidental. estar basadas, primero que todo, en el principio del siglo El Congreso debería considerar la posibilidad de XX de que el objetivo principal de la inversión extranjera aprobar una reforma tributaria similar a la adoptada por es crear nueva riqueza, en lugar de explotar un país que comienza a desarrollarse. el Reino Unido hace unos pocos meses. Con esto se diferirían los impuestos que cobran los Estados Unidos El personal norteamericano en el exterior debe ser por renta y utilidades percibidas totalmente en el exterior, siempre entrenado para que sean embajadores de buena hasta tanto fueran pagadas en dividendos a los accionistas voluntad, así como también técnicos competentes. o a la compañía matriz. Se debe dar gran prioridad al entrenamiento de extran- Deberíamos encauzar mas nuestras operaciones finan- jeros para que asuman las responsabilidades tanto de los cieras gubernamentales en el exterior por conducto de cargos directivos como de los subordinados. inversionistas y empresas privadas, tanto norteamericanos No quiero insinuar que todas las proposiciones que he como extranjeros. hecho tengan que ser adoptadas. Pero la aplicación de un Especialmente el Congreso podría exigir (en lugar de programa tal, podría suministrar el estímulo necesario permitir como actualmente lo hace) que por lo menos el para una dramática expansión de la inversión privada y 25 por ciento de las divisas que ahora recibimos de el intercambio comercial en todo el mundo. acuerdo con nuestro programa de ayuda agrícola, fueran El mundo del mañana está en nuestras manos. puestas a disposición para préstamos a las empresas norte- El hecho mismo de que esta conferencia se esté reali- americanas en esos países. zando, indica al mundo que las fuerzas de la libertad El nuevo fondo para desarrollo, de 300 millones de tienen la fortaleza, la vitalidad y la firmeza de ganar la dólares, debe ser establecido en tal forma que su direc- gran batalla por el mundo. 10 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Proposed Lead-Zinc Curbs Would Injure Hemisphere Economy The United States Tariff Commission recently In 1956, for example, Peru's exports of lead and zinc conducted hearings in Washington, D. C., on pro- to the U.S. amounted to $36 million, representing 31 per- posals to increase the rates of duty on lead and cent of her total exports to the U.S. zinc and to impose import quotas on these two Peru is a significant importer of U S. manufactured metals. Its decision is expected shortly. goods and agricultural products. In fact, during the past The opposition of W. R. Grace & Co. to such four years Peru purchased more from the U.S. than she measures was expressed in a statement submitted to the Commission by James H. Stebbins, Execu- sold to our country, as demonstrated by the following tive Vice President. table: Mr. Stebbins previously testified against efforts PERU'S TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES to place an excise tax on lead and zinc imports (millions of dollars) before the Senate Finance Committee and the 1953 1954 1955 1956 House Ways and Means Committee. Excerpts from his statement to the Tariff Commission follow: IMPORTS 119 98 120 159 EXPORTS 87 97 111 134 IN ITS APPLICATION to the Tariff Commission, the Emer- 32 1 9 25 gency Lead-Zinc Committee requested that maximum (Excess of Peruvian imports rates of duty legally permissible be imposed on imports from the U.S. over exports to U.S.) of lead and zinc and proposed establishment of a system SOURCE: Foreign Commerce Weekly, August 5, 1957, of import quotas on these two metals. Department of Commerce W R. Grace & Co. wishes to express its opposition to This friendly country prefers to buy American goods either course of action on grounds they would be seri- and last year purchased 50 percent of her total imports ously detrimental to the national interests of the United from the U S. Any reduction in her ability to earn dollar States. exchange would tend to cut down her imports from the Our opposition is based not only upon our century-long U.S. and would therefore be harmful to American business association with the Latin American countries interests. but also upon our belief that the over-all interests of the An import quota system would directly affect the U.S. U.S. require a stable trade policy and an increasing maritime industry, since imports of lead and zinc from foreign trade. some foreign suppliers are waterborne to this country While our activities are highly diversified, I would An import quota system, as proposed by the Emergency point out that we do not own or operate any lead or zinc Lead-Zinc Committee, would materially reduce [the] ex- mines in Latin America. ports of these two metals to the U.S. and consequently We believe very strongly that the proposals now before cargo carried by American shipping companies. the Tariff Commission are unwise for the following Peru is a significant supplier of lead and zinc to the reasons: U.S. where domestic production is clearly insufficient to meet domestic consumption needs. It is therefore in 1) They would be harmful to American interests. the national interest of the U.S. to maintain foreign 2) They would impair a needed source of supply 3) They would seriously jeopardize U.S. relations with Latin America. The proposals of the Emergency Lead-Zinc Committee would limit the exports of lead and zinc from Peru, Mexico and other Latin American sources to the U.S. This would result in an inevitable reduction of the pur- chases of these countries from the U S. since they depend upon dollar revenues from their exports to the U.S. to finance their imports from our country Vital to Latin American economies are the zinc and lead of Peru and other countries, whose mines require modern machinery, most of it made in the U.S. Vitales para la economía Latinoamericana son el cinc y el plomo del Perú y de otros países cuyas minas necesitan de maquinaria moderna, gran parte de la cual es hecha en los Estados Unidos. 11 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Railroad, dock and ship workers are among the thousands of persons in the Americas who also benefit from the export of our neighbors' mineral wealth. Los ferroviarios, estibadores y marineros hacen parte de los miles de personas de las Américas, que también se benefician con las exportaciones de la riqueza mineral de nuestros vecinos. The confidence and friendship of the Latin American countries is of vital importance to the U.S. militarily, politically and economically and if we are to keep that confidence and friendship the U.S. must not change its trade policy in line with the fluctuations of the prices of SI lead and zinc and other materials which we import from them. Variations in our trade policy produce results and reac- tions in Latin America in far greater proportion than the sources of supply, of which Peru is an important factor, domestic economic ills they seek to remedy The reason active and available. for this is that the economies of the Latin American coun- We should never lose sight of the fact that during tries are greatly dependent upon trade with the U.S. and World War II Peru and other Latin American sources of any significant or sudden shift in their trade relations lead and zinc were readily available to the U S. and in with the United States seriously affects their balance of the event of another emergency they will again be at the payments position, the extent of their imports from the disposal of the U S., provided the mines are maintained U S. and the financing of their extensive economic in good working order. The Peruvian Mining Association development programs. contends, and with good reason, that the proposals now The Latin American countries are energetically striving before the Tariff Commission would work a serious hard- to develop their economies and raise living standards ship on the lead and zinc mines in Peru. In fact, during which would eventually mean increased trade. They look the past few months, a number of lead and zinc mines to the U $. for economic support and they realize that have closed down, and 2,500 miners have been laid off in they must share with American producers the good and Peru, demonstrating convincingly and emphatically that bad effects of price fluctuations. But they seriously ques- the present low price for these metals, which is really the tion whether, as in the present case of lead and zinc, they crux of the problem now before the Tariff Commission, should suffer additional penalties in the form of higher affects not only U S. mines but Peruvian and other tariffs and import quotas when prices are down. foreign mining enterprises equally and severely While we feel that the present proposals are unwise The Committee's proposals can not be considered solely because they would harm American interests, seriously in the context of the present unfavorable situation in impair a needed source of supply and adversely affect which the domestic lead and zinc miners find themselves, U.S. relations with Latin America, we do not mean to because this matter is being watched very carefully suggest that some form of relief should not be provided throughout all of Latin America as a matter of hemisphere to the domestic lead and zinc mining industry There are concern. The Latin American nations are united in their other measures which could be considered as alternatives firm belief that one of their major economic requirements such as continuation of the stockpiling program or resort is a stable trade policy with the U S. Approval of these to outright subsidies, both of which, we acknowledge, proposals, in their minds, would mean that similar meas- present drawbacks. But we do believe that the advan- ures might be taken against other strategic raw materials tages, alleged to be gained by an increased tariff and an which they supply to us, and that the U.S. favors friendly import quota system, would be outweighed by the detri- trade when it is to its advantage to do so only to abandon mental effects they would have on the national interests this policy when it becomes inconvenient. of the U.S. AN 'UNWISE' PROPOSAL A rise in tariff rates that greatly harms other coun- cent of Peru's gross national product, whereas the tries and provides little benefit to the United States domestic industry accounted for only 0.064 per cent is obviously unwise. This is the case with lead and of the United States gross national product. Senator zinc. The Tariff Commission has just heard argu- Edgardo Portaro, speaking for the Peruvian Mining ments aimed at raising the rates on these commodi- Association, said a tariff rise "would not only dis- ties. If this is done, Canada, Mexico and Peru will concert our people but also disillusion them in the be hurt. So will our relations with them. So will the ideals of Americanism." American exporters who are paid with the proceeds It would certainly do that. Latin-American coun- of the sales of imported lead and zinc, and SO will tries (and Canada, too) are dependent on trade with the American investors who either control or are the United States. Economic nationalism and anti- heavily involved in the lead and zinc mining indus- Yankeeism are strong forces in Latin America. They tries of the three countries named. feed on just such short-sighted policies as an increase Peru is an especially good example. Fifteen per in lead and zinc tariffs would represent. cent of her foreign earnings in 1956 came from The arguments against the increase for these two exports of lead and zinc. Robert P Koenig, president commodities are powerful and persuasive. The Tariff of Cerro de Pasco Corporation, an American enter- Commission is in a position to refuse to recommend prise which is the principal producer of lead and the increase. It should do so, in the best interest of 12 zinc in Peru, testified before the Tariff Commission in the country. Washington on Monday. He pointed out that produc- -Editorial, The New York Times, tion of lead and zinc in Peru accounted for 4.5 per November 27, 1957 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library VINYL was the password when PAINT moved indoors B ARELY A DECADE AGO, homeowners considered paint an "outdoor" product. While it beautified neighborhoods and protected homes against Nature's destructive forces, By ROGER KAUFMAN its odor in confined areas was discomforting and often dangerous. Oily and sticky, it required days of drying. But today's paint is one of the most economical, efficient products in home decorating. The story of its transition into the highly adaptable product it is today is a glowing account of chemical research and development. particle dispersions the homogeneous suspension of NEW SYNTHETIC RUBBER BASE HELPED particles in liquid state. Having earlier developed several formulations of polyvinyl acetate, another fine particle Until 1949, only oil bases, such as linseed, soya bean dispersion, for adhesives, Dewey and Almy came up and chinawood oils, had been used in manufacturing with a vinyl plastic base for paint one that was free of paint. But that year a synthetic rubber paint base the degenerative effects of oxidation. This vastly improved was developed. Rubber in its liquid state, traditionally paint base was introduced commercially in 1953. Dewey referred to as "latex," is a dispersion of fine particles sus- and Almy christened it Everflex. pended in water The new paint was virtually odorless, and plain tap water was used as a thinning agent. This MASTER STROKE IN MODERN PAINTING "miracle paint" could be rolled onto walls by youngsters. What is added when tough, flexible vinyl plastic (poly- It dried rapidly with a hard film. Spatterings could be vinyl acetate copolymer) becomes the base of paint? As washed away with soap and water So it seemed that does the newest raincoat material that "breathes" air all the problems had been solved virtually overnight. but sheds water, Everflex paint lets moisture harmlessly work through its film without blistering it, while it is NOW VINYL IS THE FINAL TOUCH impervious to repeated washings and scrubbings. Ever- Yet once both oil- and water-based paints are spread flex may be applied to "green" plaster, and because of across a surface, oxidation commences. In oil-based its adhesive strength, it needs no primer Spreading paints, the hardening of the film is an immediate result easily, it flows to a uniform surface that dries in 30 of oxidation. But the process continues, resulting in minutes. It will not show touch-up marks and it has no eventual surface breakdown. Also, the solid film often after-drying odor. Its dead-velvet-flat finish may be trapped subsurface moisture, causing blisters. Oxidation scrubbed for years without breaking down. A damp cloth is slower in rubber-based paints, but its gradual effects or water cleans brushes, rollers and drippings. are displayed in cracking and discoloration of the paint Just this October, Dewey and Almy announced still an- film, just as tires and garden hoses deteriorate with age other major "breakthrough" in the chemical industry By and seem to "rot" when subjected to the oxidizing powers eliminating the emulsifier in the vinyl base, it has com- of the air. pletely eradicated the paint's sensitivity to water stain- Movement into paint research was a normal trend for ing. Today, Dewey and Almy supplies its Everflex vinyl W R. Grace & Co.'s Dewey and Almy Chemical Company paint base to over 50 leading manufacturers. Division. Since its founding in 1919, Dewey and Almy's With its plant reactors brewing vinyl around the chemists have been especially active in the field of fine clock, and with its Everflex the recognized paint industry standard, Grace's Dewey and Almy Chemical Division is supplying paint-minded homeowners with the newest, most efficient product on the market today Test panels at Dewey and Almy's laboratories show how escaping moisture blisters traditional oil paint (left), but vinyl paint allows moisture to pass through without blistering the surface. En estos tableros en los Laboratorios Dewey y Almy se ve como la humedad ampolla la pintura al óleo (izq.). La pintura con vinyl permite que la humedad ventajosamente pase sin formar ampollas. 13 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library (Left) "Christ of the Andes", on a 14,000-foot mountain pass, watches over Argentina and Chile. (Below) School of Law, University of Chile. (Izquierda) El "Cristo de los Andes," levantado a 4.267 metros, vigila a la Argentina y Chile. (Abajo) Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile. (Below) At the world famous resort of Viña del Mar, (Abajo) En el mundialmente famoso balneario de Viña Chile's wines about two hours' drive from Santiago, the Casino is del Mar a solo dos horas de viaje de Santiago, el Casino major export. the Monte Carlo of the Western Hemisphere. (Center) es el Monte Carlo del Hemisferio Occidental. (Centro) yards in the The beautiful Chilean shoreline rivals that of the La bella costa de Chile rivaliza con la de la Riviera visitors admir French Riviera; view of Cape Ducal. Francesa; una vista del Cabo Ducal. display Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library (Right) A cosmopolitan Santiago boulevard stretches toward the snow-capped Andes. (Below) Punta Arenas, world's southernmost city, on the Straits of Magellan. (Derecha) Una cosmopolita avenida de Santiago se prolonga hacia los nevados Andes. (Abajo) Punta Arenas, la ciudad mas austral del mundo, frente al Estrecho de Magallanes. All Its Splendor are world famous and a El vino de Chile, famoso en el mundo, es These colorful "huasos" (below), At one of the many vine- una de sus principales exportaciones. as Chilean cowboys are known, are Chilean lowlands (below) (Abajo) Los visitantes admiran la abundante among the world's best horsemen. e a bumper crop of grapes cosecha de uvas exhibida por el capataz en ed by the foreman. uno de los muchos viñedos. (Abajo) Típicos "huasos", vaqueros chilenos, son reconocidos como unos de los mejores jinetes del mundo. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Grace Line Wizardry to the Picture shows (on left) the card read- ing-punching machine; (at rear) the tape drive; (in front) the report printer. Izquierda: perfora-lectora de tarjetas; atrás: guía de cinta; frente: impresor. As S YOUR ELEVATOR whisks you by the third floor of 3 It can all be done in a matter of minutes. Yet the Hanover Square, your eye may be caught by the unusual machine is not a "brain"; it must have human brains, sight of a battery of futuristic-looking machines behind and hands, directing it-and the information fed into a long observation window This fleeting glance gives the "650" must be accurate. a hint of Grace Line's progressive approach to solving Vital cargo and revenue statistics will be produced in the innumerable daily problems of an industry long con- as few as six days, compared to the six weeks necessary sidered one of the most tradition-bound in its accounting earlier practices. Within 48 hours after a ship sails, the machine will be The observation window offers a sight of a meticulously able to compute whether the voyage will result in maxi- tidy and pleasing room in gay decorator colors in which mum profits, and this in time to reroute the return voyage are installed, rectangular and silver-gray, the various to a more profitable schedule. The computer can simu- components of the new high-speed computing unit known late the company's activities by projecting ten years of as the IBM Tape 650 Electronic Data Processing System probable experience under a given set of conditions in that Grace Line has recently installed. The new automa- barely 20 minutes. tion system replaces the IBM type 607 electronic calcu- This machine marvel will process freight bills rapidly lators with which the Company earlier established itself It will prepare labor-cost-distribution analyses involving as a shipping industry pioneer in the use of electronic thousands of terminal employees and 288 job categories calculating equipment. in a mere fraction of the time previously needed, from the Nothing less than this latest in the world of business moment the longshoremen prepared job tickets until the automation would do to provide the facts needed by Lewis finished report appeared on a Vice President's desk. In A. Lapham, President of Grace Line, and his forward- 45 minutes, the system computes the weekly wages and thinking collaborators in mapping out their multi-million prints checks for 3,000 longshoremen-an operation that dollar replacement program that will keep Grace Line in formerly took 14 man-hours. the forefront of the world's shipping industry Eventually, this giant will get into high-speed compu- Operating on some of the longest cargo runs in the tational research-studies showing management where it world, under the most varied conditions, among several can maximize profit and minimize cost, and thus produce score ports in 15 countries and carrying an immense di- data that the human brain could not evolve until the in- versity of cargo from perishable bananas to corrosive formation would be virtually useless. ores, from aromatic coffee to streamlined limousines, To get the personnel to operate these lightning-fast from pins to 80-ton locomotives, Grace Line will now be calculating giants, Grace Line sought no farther afield able to learn in minutes what formerly took days, weeks than its own ranks. Based on a test, the "Electronic and even months of calculating and figuring. It can get extremely rapid answers to such questions as these: What tonnages of what commodities may be ex- pected to move in the next six months? Will a certain voyage be profitable? How should a ship be rerouted, after sailing, to realize the maximum profits? How can labor and material requirements be accurately predicted for more than six months ahead? How can Grace Line under a set of given conditions forecast as much as ten years of probable experience? 16 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library By DOROTHY HINZ Brings Electronic Steamship Industry CENTRAL INPUT OUTPUT PROCESSING UNIT UNITS UNITS Data Processing Machine Programmer Aptitude Examina- ARITHMETIC tion," given to more than 200 applicants from the Line, CIRCUITRY six were chosen, including a stevedore, a Passenger De- partment employee, the supervisor of the Estimating De- partment, a lawyer, an accounting clerk and a corporal MAGNETIC TAPE MAGNETIC TAPE DATA AND PROCESSED right out of the Army who had worked on guided missile CONSTANTS DATA programs. These figure-experts prepare the detailed in- structions, or "programs," for the "650" and code them on cards that can be read directly into the machine. MAGNETIC The specially air-conditioned chamber holding the fan- CORE MAGNETIC TAPE tastic-and delicate-machinery is equipped with various STORAGE alarms that signal if the working temperature and humid- ity drop or rise beyond the normal tolerance for efficient Magnetic "PIGEON HOLES" IBM CARDS operation. In fact, the observation window has the main MAGNETIC purpose of allowing the curious to watch the electronic DRUM marvels in action, without disturbing the atmosphere in STORAGE the room. 12,500 r.p.m. Along the light-studded face of the central processing unit, or console, scores of twinkling orange sparks ripple like waves of thought. The electrical impulses of the IBM CARDS PRINTED REPORTS "650" move over its wire "nerves" at the rate of thou- sands of miles per second; in our bodies, nervous im- Control circuitry. Decodes instructions pulses travel at a maximum rate of 300 feet per second. It is no trick at all for the "650" to do 78,000 additions and directs processing or subtractions per minute. In one second it can divide Typical application of IBM 650 Tape EDP System a 60-digit number by a 20-digit figure and arrive at a ten-digit quotient. The machine's "memory" is an ingenious magnetic drum that can store up to 20,000 digits on its surface. A supplementary memory unit, named "Immediate Access Storage," has thousands of "magnetic cores," each only slightly larger than the head of a pin. Electrical pulses change the magnetic state of the cores, to make the mag- netic patterns that stand for certain words or numbers. The information thus stored as electrical charges can be transmitted to the computing system in millionths of a second, to be processed at the rate of 2,300 logical opera- (Left) Working parts include magnetic drum, electronic cir- tions per second. cuitry; also shown is part of the console. (Above) Setting Four I.B.M. "727" magnetic tape units serve as "stor- the console and operating the reading-punching machine. age" of vast amounts of necessary data. One reel of magnetic tape has the capacity of 60,000 punch cards, (Izquierda) Tambor magnético, circuito electrónico, parte which stapled end to end would reach 37,500 feet high. de la unidad. (Arriba) De la izquierda a la derecha, se ve The system produces answers in three ways-by print- el tablero de control y la máquina perfora-lectora. ing, punching on cards or by storing them on the tapes at the rate of 15,000 characters per second. Thus in cutting months, weeks and days of paper work to days, hours and minutes, Grace Line has made an aus- picious start in the age of automation. 17 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library A LOT OF THE BIG ONES do not get away at Cabo Blanco. The great billfish-black marlin, blue marlin, striped marlin and broadbill swordfish-and big-eyed tuna are much sought after at this comparatively new international fishing spot and resort in Peru. But many crack small varieties are pursued, too, by visitors to the cape where South America has its farthest west point in the Pacific Ocean, 250 miles south of the Equator The surf-casting also is unsurpassed. As for some of the big ones, witness the day when Mrs. Maurice Meyer, Jr., of Long Branch, New Jersey, reeled in a 1,240-pound black marlin. Then Mr Meyer, in the same boat, caught a 1,200-pounder, and this on the same day. There was also the day when Alfred C. Glassell, Jr., of Houston, Texas, boated the record 1,560-pounder-a peak for all fish captured by rod and reel. Fisher- men recall that day-August 4, 1953-as easily as baseball fans remember such dates as when home-run and consecutive-games-played records were made. The World's Best Fishing CABO BLANCO It is only at Cabo Blanco in all the world that sport fishermen have caught black marlin that weigh better than 1,000 pounds. The old New Zealand record of 976 pounds has been bettered 39 times since 1952; 36 of those catches have topped 1,000 pounds. After the Cabo Blanco Fishing Club opened in 1952, the actual record was broken six have not even been stopped for Dolphin, amberjacks, times within 18 months. snook and bonita are among the other plentiful species. Six deep-sea rod and reel anglers have boated two If Cabo Blanco sounds fantastic and fabulous, it is. "blacks" in one day, and Mr Glassell has done it twice. Since 1952, sport fishermen have been coming to it from The Houston fisherman has other marks to his credit, all over the Western Hemisphere and such distant points including the first black marlin of more than 1,000 as Hawaii, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and Eng- pounds-a 1,025-pounder that was a record at that time. land. They use four completely-equipped boats, with twin Black marlins are the glamourous part of the story engines, lookouts, gin poles and fighting and easy chairs— But dozens of broadbill swordfish, the beautiful, fighting boats made to club members' specifications. big-eyed tuna and roosterfish have been caught. The This world's best deep-sea and surf fishing is caused by boated and landed striped marlin, Pacific sailfish, jacks, an ichthyological traffic jam, at the confluence of the warm mackerel, groupers and corvinas have been too numerous Equatorial Current sweeping down from the north and to mention or, for so abundant are the bigger fish, they the cold Humboldt or Peru Current rushing up from the south. These join in a water highway out into the ocean right off Cabo Blanco. The big fish find this a superb feeding area-so good that nowhere else in the world do black and striped marlin and broadbill swordfish as well as big-eyed tuna run together The International Game Fish Association credits Cabo Seymour Knox, III (left), of Buffalo, New York, with his 320-pound big-eyed tuna, the world's best tuna-family fighter; and the club's veran- das and bedrooms, overlooking the Pacific. Seymour Knox III (izq.) de Buffalo, Nueva York, con su atún ojón de 320 libras, el mas grande luchador de su especie; también las terrazas y los dormitorios del Club con vista al Pacifico. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Blanco members and guests with 11 world marks, includ- The "blacks" are supposed to lie outside the cold ing the ladies' black marlin record-a 1,525-pound fish. Humboldt Current and to dart in and out to feed. These The world's heaviest big-eyed tuna weighed 435 pounds; fish are all headed north they travel alone and it was hooked at Cabo Blanco by Dr. James Lee of Palo more are seen in the afternoon than in the morning. Alto, California. Tuna have been taken commercially over From October through June the most species are found, 700 pounds. including the four major ones, and in July, August and The I.G.F.A. records also show Cabo Blanco as the site September the Peruvian winter - the black marlin, of the boating of the world's biggest roosterfish. The all- broadbill swordfish and big-eyed tuna are most abundant. tackle titlist is Michael Barrenechea of Mexico City, with Anglers using the Cabo Blanco boats may not fish with a 100-pounder 3-thread line or line testing under 18 pounds. No black The largest broadbill swordfish caught off Peru weighed marlin fishing is allowed with line testing under 80 pounds 687 pounds-naturally at Cabo Blanco. or less than the usual 24-thread. Four women are among the 30 persons in the Cabo Members and guests reside in the new club house, Blanco "Thousand Pound Club" for black marlin; other which has accommodations for 20 persons. All bedrooms women have caught smaller ones. This club, by the way, overlook the ocean, and have private baths. The building, and its clubhouse and facilities have been given by 21 designed by the great Peruvian architect José Alvarez Calderon has a broad terrace, a sundeck, a bar and a dining room, which features Peruvian shrimp and lobster, fresh Argentine meat and other delicacies. There is also a superbly-equipped tackle room. Cabo Blanco, sometimes called "the Palm Springs of Peru", offers more excellencies and nonpareils than fish- ing. The varied bird life includes duck and wood pigeon shooting in season. A fine white sand beach enhances 010 Lbs July3,1 CAB BLANC John H. Duys, Jr. (left), and H. L. Woodward, both of Havana, Cuba, and a 910-pound black marlin caught by Mr. Woodward at Cabo Blanco. John H. Duys, hijo (izquierda), y H. L. Woodward, los dos de La Habana, con un marlin negro de 910 libras pescado por Sr. Woodward en Cabo Blanco. year-around swimming. The bathing waters at Cabo Blanco have no sharks, sting rays, jelly fish or Portuguese men-of-war But harmless whales and manta rays, the latter noted for spectacular leaps out of the water, are common well off shore. prominent sportsmen of the United States, Peru, Argen- No fish ever hooked at Cabo Blanco has been mutilated tina, Brazil and Cuba for the fishermen of the world and or touched by a shark or any other fish. other persons who want the best saltwater fishing, surf- Thirty-two miles and 50 minutes by automobile to the casting, swimming, recreation and rest. south of the club is picturesque Talara, on the routes of The boats rarely go out beyond five miles and never both Grace Line and Panagra. Other colorful cities and more than ten miles north or south. The black marlin, towns are short motor trips away Golf and tennis may be striped marlin, broadbill swordfish and Pacific sailfish are enjoyed at Talara and El Alto, through the courtesy of almost always on the surface, so the bait may be put out International Petroleum and Lobitos Oil Company (Lobi- when the fish are sighted. The anglers often come in for tos provided the club site) lunch at the club and then go out again. Surf-casting is Thus for many saltwater fishermen and others desiring usually a one-hour sport, or less, for a good catch. a good rest, two words answer the question of where to Tides and moon seem to have no effect. Fishing is best go for the world's greatest deep-sea fishing and surf-cast- when the current is normal-good, clear and warm from ing and, not unincidentally, to acquaint their families with the north. Some wind also helps, by keeping the black the sport. The words are "Cabo Blanco", the fish are marlin on top. jumping now and everyone is welcome. HOW TO REACH CABO BLANCO To Cabo Blanco by air is an overnight journey, Grace Line ships touch at Talara, on the second at most, from virtually all Western Hemisphere Tuesday following a Friday departure from New cities. For example, it is 12 hours' flying time via York. Panagra from New York City to Talara, Peru, Reservations at the Cabo Blanco Club may be only 32 miles from Cabo Blanco. Automobiles take made through S. Kip Farrington, Jr., 247 Park the travelers to the Cabo Blanco Club. Avenue, New York 17, N.Y. 19 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library El Instituto En el salón de las Primeras Damas, un maniquí exhibe un vestido usado por la señora de Abraham Lincoln cuando su Smithsoniano esposo era presidente de los Estados Unidos. También figuran en esta colección trajes de todas las Primeras Damas que han vivido en la Casa Blanca. Tesoro de historia In the First Ladies Hall, a mannequin is clothed in a gown worn by Mrs. Abraham y de la vida diaria Lincoln when her husband was President of the United States. Dresses of all other White House hostesses are also shown in this collection. Por JOHN W. WHITE CUAL ES SU PASATIEMPO FAVORITO: Los fósiles? las forma compendiada, ya que a una persona le tomaría ballenas? las estampillas? los aviones? las modas? el arte 75 años únicamente para leer las breves tarjetas de clásico? las turbinas? la historia de la medicina? información que acompañan a los ejemplares. Nombre cualquier cosa que es muy probable que de Así que no es sorprendente que esta amplia variedad ello tenga miles de ejemplares el Instituto Smithsoniano, atraiga anualmente a unos cuatro millones de personas, de Washington. desde niños de escuela, hasta investigadores particulares Y es que generalmente es considerado el museo mas que visitan el grupo de edificios del Instituto (sin contar grandioso del mundo. La última estadística oficial indica con el Parque Zoológico Nacional) que hay 42.864.645 ejemplares. Faltan millones por ser clasificados y expuestos. Su fundador nunca visitó los Estados Unidos Entre los ejemplares exhibidos hay desde diminutos fósiles europeos, conocidos por el nombre de Foriminífera, El objetivo del Instituto se remonta a su fundador hasta una ballena de 23.7 metros desde monedas quien nunca vió la tierra que su largueza benefició. Era antiguas hasta las estampillas de hoy día en el mundo James Smithson, un científico inglés que murió en'Genova, desde un dinosauro reconstruído que data de 150 Italia, en 1829. Legó toda su fortuna el equivalente a millones de años hasta el primer corazón mecánico prác- 558.000 dólares, inmensa suma de dinero en esos días tico desde un jarrón de la dinastía china Ming, que "para fundar en Washington un establecimiento para data de 500 años, y muchas obras clásicas, hasta la forma el fomento y la difusión del conocimiento entre los de vida de los americanos precolombinos, desde la Tierra hombres." del Fuego hasta el Círculo Artico y así prácticamente Pero inclusive después de que el legado llegó en 1838, hasta el infinito. los legisladores tardaron ocho años para decidir si el En realidad, el Instituto tiene un objetivo infinito: "el Gobierno debía aceptarlo. Finalmente en 1855, se levantó aumento y difusión del conocimiento." Pero sus inmensas el edificio Smithsoniano, que se ha convertido en uno colecciones por lo general tienen que ser clasificadas en de los símbolos de Washington. Millones de personas visitan anual- mente las distintas ramas del Insti- tuto Smithsoniano; aquí se ven unas pocas entrando a los edificios. Millions of persons visit the branches of the Smithsonian In- stitution every year; here a few enter the towered first buildings. 20 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library El Instituto es ahora mucho mas que esa familiar Se muestran ejemplares de tamaño natural de las estructura en donde actualmente funcionan únicamente antiguas civilizaciones del mundo occidental, desde los las oficinas administrativas y las exhibiciones botánica y indios de la Tierra del Fuego, pasando por las regiones de artes gráficas. de los Incas, los Mayas, y los Aztecas, hasta los Es- Posteriormente se construyeron los edificios de Artes e quimales del Artico. Cinco dioramas en miniatura com- Industrias, el de Historia Natural, el de Aeronáutica, la pletan los grupos familiares, que incluyen el cultivo de Galería de Arte Freer y la Galería Nacional de Arte los campos por parte de los Incas; una escena campestre (o Galería Mellon) de los indios Yahgan, la tribu mas meridional del El visitante común frecuentemente tiene su primera mundo, y los indios que recibieron a Cristóbal Colón impresión de la inmensidad del Instituto por la exhibición en 1492. de aeroplanos en el edificio de Artes e Industrias. Col- gando del techo se ven el primer avión práctico de los Ejemplo de un antiguo entierro peruano hermanos Wright y "el Espíritu de San Luis", de Lind- Uno de los mas interesantes ejemplares expuestos es bergh. una figura de persona hecha en madera, tela y mimbre, recientemente adquirida, sacada de una tumba en el Los trajes de las 'Primeras Damas' Perú en donde fué enterrada alrededor del año 1100 En el edificio de Artes e Industrias también está una antes de Jesucristo. de las exhibiciones mas populares del Instituto la célebre Cerca de ésto se encuentra una fiel agrupación del colección de trajes de huéspedes de la Casa Blanca, las medio ambiente de los grandes mamíferos de Norte- Primeras Damas desde Martha Washington hasta Mamie américa. La principal de éstas muestra el bisonte, que era Eisenhower, con ejemplos del mobiliario y alrededores una de las principales fuentes de alimento, vestido, de la Casa Blanca cuando se usaron esos trajes. habitación y de ingresos tanto para los indios como para Entre otros históricos ejemplares que se exponen en los colonos de las planicies norteamericanas. este edificio figuran el escritorio portátil en el que Thomas Entre las colecciones de fósiles figuran las de algunas Jefferson escribió el primer proyecto de la Declaración criaturas submarinas que datan de mas de 400 millones de Independencia de los Estados Unidos, de la Gran de años tan perfectas que no solo muestran las conchas Bretaña. También allí se exponen algunos muebles de sino inclusive los suaves tentáculos y órganos internos. tradición histórica, desde un cofre de pino, usado por La identificación, por parte del Instituto, de las especies George Washington en su casa de Mount Vernon, Vir- de estas minúsculas conchas fósiles guían a los geólogos ginia, hasta un escritorio usado por el Presidente Dwight en su búsqueda de nuevos campos petrolíferos. D. Eisenhower cuando era Comandante Supremo de la Entre las mas recientes adquisiciones de este museo Fuerza Expedicionaria Aliada en la segunda guerra figuran 2.009 plantas de Méjico, Centro y Sudamérica. mundial. Tal vez la exhibición de mas vistosa belleza de todo En los tres pisos del edificio del Museo de Historia el Instituto es la inmensa colección de gemas y piedras Natural se hallan las mejores colecciones mundiales de preciosas. Entre estas bellezas se encuentran cristales de todo lo que se relaciona con la historia natural, además amatista y topacio del Brasil, diamantes de diferentes de la ingeniería y la industria, la numismática y la colores, rubíes estrella y un inmenso zafiro estrella de filatelia. 316 quilates. Algunas antiguas medicinas, sus ingredientes y aparatos para la fabricación de drogas son exhibi- dos en la vieja farmacia. Some old nostrums and the sources of their ingredients and other medicines and drug-mak- ing apparatus are displayed in the Old Apothecary Shop. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Entre las rarezas de historia natural del Instituto A LIVING FOSSIL figura el pescado Coelakantha, recientemente hallado, "fósil viviente" de una especie que existió hace millones de años. The Smithsonian's natural history exhibits include 300 THE COELACANTH FISH, LATIMERIA CHALUMNAE SMITH oddities as the recently-found Coelacanth fish, "a living fossil" from a family millions of years old. ANCESTRY El servicio de Intercambio Internacional Es bien conocido en el exterior el Servicio de Inter- cambio Internacional del Instituto. Este se inició en 1848 con su primera publicación: "Monumentos Antiguos del Valle del Mississippi", que el primer secretario Joseph Henry envió a algunos eruditos extranjeros y a otros grupos científicos. En pago de esto se han recibido muchas valiosas publicaciones. Actualmente pasan por allí mas de un millón de publicaciones al año de institu- ciones norteamericanas, extranjeras y de particulares. Por otra parte el Instituto presta y recibe prestados Una pintura de Renoir es la mas popular muchos ejemplares de particulares e instituciones. Tam- bién programa conferencias y exhibiciones ambulantes Por la calzada, mas hacia el Capitolio, se levanta la para los Estados Unidos y otras partes. Galería Nacional de Arte, que se inició en 1936 con un regalo de 15 millones de dólares del ex secretario del Otros aspectos de la labor actual del Instituto incluyen la Colección Nacional de Bellas Artes la Oficina Tesoro Andrew Mellon. De sus cientos de excepcionales cuadros de los viejos maestros, una pintura relativamente Norteamericana de Etnología y la División de Radia- reciente, "La niña de la regadera," de Renoir, es la ción y Organismos, parte del Observatorio Astrofísico. mas popular y de la que se venden mas reproducciones. A pesar de todo el apoyo financiero y la cooperación activa del Gobierno, el Instituto Smithsoniano es una La Galería Freer fué donada por Charles Lang Freer, de Detroit, Michigan, ya fallecido. En ella se guarda una fundación privada. No obstante, bajo la custodia del de las mas importantes exhibiciones mundiales del arte Gobierno administra diez organismos federales. Y aunque chino y japonés, desde pinturas hasta jades. se han gastado millones de dólares en él y se gastarán muchos mas, el Instituto solamente ha recibido donativos El interés por la aeronáutica comenzó en 1876 y desde por 4.000.000 de dólares desde que Smithson lo fundó. ese entonces el Instituto ha venido coleccionando y guardando sobresalientes ejemplos de aviones y equipo Smithson, a quien se debe agradecer esta riqueza histórica, científica, industrial y cultural, está enterrado aeronáutico. en una tumba de mármol situada a la entrada del edificio Bien conocido por derecho propio es el Parque Smithsoniano. Zoológico Nacional situado en la zona residencial de Rock Creek Park, en Washington. Sus miles de mamíferos, Acaso ninguna otra exhibición de todo el Instituto aves y reptiles de todo el mundo atraen anualmente muestre tan vívidamente cuan lejos han llegado los cerca de 3.500.000 visitantes. hombres, como el corazón mecánico. Este puede suplir completamente las funciones del corazón humano durante El interés del Instituto es mundial. Tiene dependencias las operaciones quirúrgicas. en el exterior entre las que figuran la faja biológica de la Zona del Canal de Panamá, situada en la isla Barro La lección que enseña, bien puede servir de tema de los Colorado, en el lago Gatún. Probablemente en ninguna muestrarios del Instituto - los logros del pasado son otra parte del mundo se halla esta combinación de selva esperanza del futuro. tropical virgen rodeada de laboratorios. Allí se han sacado estadísticas definitivas de mas de 7.000 especies de animales y plantas. En Montezuma, en el norte de Chile, el Instituto tiene otra dependencia rama del observatorio astrofísico. Esta y una similar en Table Mountain, California, hacen estudios del sol a gran altura. (Arriba) El famoso avión de Charles Lindbergh, "el Espíritu de San Luis," en el que por primera vez atravesó solo el Océano Atlántico. (Above) Charles Lindbergh's famous plane, "The Spirit of St. Louis," in which he was the first to fly alone over the Atlantic Ocean. (Izq.) La Galería Nacional de Arte, parte del Instituto Smithsoniano, tal como se ve desde el edificio del Archivo Nacional, A la izquierda, el Capitolio. (Left) The National Gallery of Art, part of the Smithsonian Institution, as seen from the National Archives Building. Left, the United States Capitol. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library ON WINGS OF Panagra Panagra D7C 'VOR' Air Travel System for Argentina Aids in Rabies Fight PANAGRA CARRIED an emergency ship- SOUTH AMERICA'S FIRST SYSTEMATIC stations that have been in operation ment of anti-rabies vaccine this autumn network of very-high-frequency omni- for many years at the airports of from New York's Idlewild Airport to directional radio range stations (VOR) Ezeiza, Malargue, Mendoza, Cordoba, La Paz, Bolivia, to help stop an epi- for improved air navigational facilities Tucuman, Villa Reynolds and Junin. demic of the fatal disease among cattle is being installed in Argentina by They will cover the Buenos Aires- in the Santa Cruz, Chaco and Beni Panagra. Mendoza-Santiago and the Buenos areas. The Argentine Ministry of Aero- Aires-Cordoba-Tucuman air routes. Bolivan ranchers had feared that nautics has signed a contract with the The new equipment will coördinate unless their livestock were inoculated airline for it to buy, install and main- with all planes having VOR receivers. immediately, the "rabia paresiante" tain seven VOR radio ranges and to Panagra engineers and flight crews would spread throughout the country, train technical personnel in the United who have been testing the air travel to other domestic as well as to wild States. The devices will be bought from devices in actual operation believe the animals, and to humans. The disease is Wilcox Electric, Inc. new stations will provide commercial transmitted by at least three kinds of The modern short-range navigational and civil aviation in Argentina with vampire bats. aids will replace the lower-frequency the finest available navigational aids. The 30,000 vials of modified live virus vaccine from Lederle Labora- tories Division, American Cyanamid New Panagra Officers Company, were packed in dry ice and were enough for inoculating 60,000 cattle. THE PANAGRA BOARD OF DIRECTORS has The vaccine immunizes without in- elected two new officers of the Com- Gail M. fecting. It has been used in Mexico to pany Oxley inoculate more than 2,000,000 cattle. Gail M. Oxley is the new Secretary A joint United States-Bolivian or- and Ramon de Murias has been named ganization, the Servicio Agricola In- an Assistant Vice President. teramericano, received the vaccine in Mr Oxley succeeds William F Cogs- La Paz, for distribution in Bolivia. well, who is retiring after holding the office of Secretary since Panagra was started 28 years ago. Mr Oxley con- 1 tinues as Assistant Vice President and South America Industrial Relations Ramon Director of W R. Grace & Co. de Murias Mr de Murias has served Panagra in various capacities in South America and New York since he joined the Company in 1946. Panagra Cargo Gains Mr Collins adds that all Panagra planes passenger and freight are PANAGRA'S AIR CARGO SERVICE to South carrying a great variety of bulky ship- America made a 33-percent gain in the ments, such as salvage and plumbing third quarter of 1957 over the com- equipment, heavy machinery, aircraft parable 1956 period. parts and office equipment, in addition A total of 1,199,107 revenue ton to many smaller items, including phar- miles was flown in July-September, as maceuticals, household effects, elec- against 904,487 in the year-earlier tronic supplies and even popular music months. records. Cyrus S. Collins, Vice President of Most bulk shipments have been car- Sales and Traffic, credits the increase ried on the all-cargo service that largely to a new wave of industrial and Panagra started last July, to supple- Dr. Juan F. Figueroa, executive in the Farm construction activity in South America ment its regular fleet of passenger and Home Division, American Cyanamid and to the company's new all-cargo ser- planes that operate between North and Company, checks loading of an emergency shipment of the company's Lederle anti- vice. South America. rabies vaccine sent to La Paz, Bolivia. 23 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library SEEN ON THE "Santas" The Honorable Robert B. Chiperfield, of Canton, Illi- nois, sailed to Venezuela aboard the Santa Rosa; he is a Member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Mr. and Mrs. James H. Sharp, of Wil- ton, Connecticut, on the Santa Luisa; he is a Director, Grace National Bank, and Vice President, Merck & Co., Inc. Cruising on the Santa Rosa-Perley Barbour and son Richard; Mr. Barbour, a former mayor of Quincy, Mass., is President, the Barbour Welting Co., Brockton, Mass. On Santa Paula: Mr. and Mrs. George G. Young; he is Presi- dent of Scott Brothers of Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Casey Stengel (3rd and 5th from right) bid bon voyage to Mr. and Mrs. William A. McCarthy and daughters, prior to McCarthy family's sailing on Santa Rosa for Bogotá, where Mr. McCarthy heads the Compañía General Automotriz. Cruising on Grace Line's Santa Paula are Mr. and Mrs. Dale Engleman, of Great Bend, Kans.; she is the winner of the recent NBC "Most Beautiful Voice in America" contest. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library From New York the popular Santa Rosa and Santa Paula are operated on weekly cruises C. C. Mallory Retires to the Netherlands West Indies, Venezuela and Colombia, while modern cargo-passenger CASSIUS C. MALLORY, Chair- man of the Board of Direc- Santas provide weekly Casual Cruises to the tors of Grace Line Inc., re- Caribbean and also weekly passenger tired from active service on service to the West Coast of South America. October 31st, after 36 years with the Grace organization. At the request of the Board, he had agreed in 1955 to extend his service two years beyond the Com- pany's retirement age of 65. Mr Mallory, a native of Heppner, Oregon, had been active in the maritime indus- try for 47 years. He was C. C. Mallory with the United States Navy in World War I and returned to civilian life in 1919 as assistant comptroller of the U.S. Shipping Board in San Francisco. He joined the Grace organization in 1921 as auditor of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. and later aided the formation of the Panama Mail Steamship Co., becoming its Assistant General Manager and Treasurer. In 1930, Cruising on the Santa Rosa are Mr. and Mrs. John F Lewicki and Mr. and Mrs. David Forgie, all from North Caldwell, New Jersey. he was made Vice President and General Manager of Panama Mail and Vice President of Grace Line. Mr. Mallory was transferred to New York in 1934, and three years later was elected Treasurer of Grace Line. He was named a Director in 1950, and in 1953 succeeded the late R. Ranney Adams as President. He was chosen Chairman of the Board in June, 1955. During his varied management services, Mr Mallory was directly concerned with many major Grace Line enterprises. Among other contributions, he was influen- tial in the design and construction of the express pas- senger liners of the early 1930s-the "Santa Rosa," "Santa Paula," "Santa Lucia" and "Santa Elena"-and the new "Santa Rosa" and "Santa Paula," now being readied at Newport News, Virginia. His activity in the maritime industry included the organization and direction of the Office of Operating Cost Control for the U S. War Shipping Administration in World War II. Mr. Mallory has also been prominent in the Propeller Club, the American Merchant Marine Insti- tute and the Committee of American Steamship Lines. He and his wife plan to live at Mountain Lake, Lake Wales, Florida. Mr. and Mrs. George E. Booth, Upper Marlboro, Md., and Mr. and Mrs. Theodore B. Focke, Johnstown, Pa., on board the Santa Rosa. Grace Ship Carries Fire Trucks Increasing the firefight- ing facilities of the thriving port of Callao, Peru, are two new 14- ton fire trucks manu- factured by Mack Trucks, Inc., and re- cently shipped to the municipal government there on Grace Line's Santa Cecilia. One of the trucks is shown (at right) being loaded. The chassis of the trucks were built by Mack at its plant at Allentown, Pennsylvania, and were sent over the road to the Mack plant at Sydney, Ohio, for equip- On the Santa Rosa: Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop H. McGown, West ment with fire-fighting apparatus. Then the trucks traveled Boylston, Mass.; Mr. and Mrs. George G. Young, Philadelphia, Pa. over the road to New York City for shipment overseas. 25 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Newsa Views Cabot Awards Made to Three Journalists EXPLAINS BUSINESS ROLE THE 1957 MARIA MOORS CABOT AWARDS on Latin American affairs, was cited "THE PROFITABLE PARTNERSHIP", a were recently presented to three out- for his objectivity, resourcefulness and publication of the United States Inter- standing journalists of the Americas. fairness in writing the news and for American Council, is another in a In addition, the Inter-American Press his lifelong contribution to inter- series of explanations that aim to show Association was granted a plaque and American friendship and understand- U.S. and Latin American citizens the its current and past presidents received ing. value and results of private enterprise special citations. Senhor Moses, one of the founders capital in the Latin American repub- Recipients of the 19th annual Cabot of 0 Globo and President of the Bra- lics. prizes were Harry W Frantz, special zilian Press Association since 1931, The U.S.I.A.C., slightly younger correspondent of the United Press For- was praised for his many contributions than its 26-year-old parent, the Inter- eign Department, Washington, D.C.; to the development of journalism in American Council of Commerce and Herbert Moses, Director and Treasurer Brazil and toward closer relations Production, bases its study on an ex- of O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, among the Americas. haustive survey by the U.S. Depart- and Rene Silva Espejo, Assistant Edi- A special citation was awarded to ment of Commerce of the role of U.S. tor of El Mercurio, Santiago, Chile. Roberto Marinho, co-proprietor and private enterprise in the economy of Presentation of the awards was made Director of 0 Globo. Latin America. But it also includes per- by Dr Grayson Kirk, President of Co- Sr Silva was lauded for his vigor- tinent examples from the actual experi- lumbia University, at a convocation in ous campaign against inflation in ence of concerns engaged in various Low Memorial Library Chile and for his distinguished career phases of commerce and production Mr. Frantz, known as the "Dean" of in the fields of journalism, education and describes the resultant role of the American correspondents specializing and inter-American affairs. service industries and other businesses that complete the economic scene. W R. Grace & Co. is among the ap- proximately 125 U.S. manufacturing, transportation, banking, communica- tions and service concerns, associations Left to right, at the and individuals belonging to the U.S. Cabot awards presenta- I.A.C. tion, are Dr. Grayson Kirk, Herbert Moses, "The Profitable Partnership" has Rene Silva Espejo, been printed in Spanish and Portu- Harry W Frantz and guese, as well as English. Individual Dean Edward W. Bar- copies may be obtained free from the rett of the Columbia United States Inter-American Council, University Graduate School of Journalism. at its new address, 15 Park Row, New York City 38. (Bulk copies are avail- able at the cost of printing.) Addresses N.F.T.C. New Bar Foundation Roy W Johns of Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, a director of several oil and WESTERN HEMISPHERE LAWYERS, meet- pipeline companies operating in Latin ing in Buenos Aires in the tenth con- America, has been elected President of ference of the Inter-American Bar the new foundation. Dr Eduardo Association, have set up an inter- Augusto Garcia of Argentina, the new American bar foundation that will aim Chairman of the Council of the Organi- for greater understanding among the zation of American States, has been lawyers of the 21 nations, each of chosen Vice President. which uses a different legal system. The foundation's objectives would Lic. Eduardo Prieto López, Presi- dent of the Confederación de Cá- include providing legal information to maras Industriales of Mexico, was the hemisphere's lawyers, establishing the guest speaker at the Americas scholarships and fellowships and co- luncheon of the recent National öperation with various committees that Foreign Trade Convention in New York City. He gave a Latin would report on current developments American view of the U. S. role in the laws of each nation. in Latin America's development. 26 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Coltejer Celebrates 50 Years COLOMBIA'S LARGEST TEXTILE COMPANY, installed in the last six years. the Compañía Colombiana de Tejidos As part of its expansion program, S. A., popularly known as Coltejer, re- Coltejer acquired after World War II cently celebrated its 50th anniversary the Manufacturas Sedeco S.A., now Since its founding in Medellin, the located in Itagui. This subsidiary "Manchester of Colombia," in 1907 by manufactures all types of textile goods Don Alejandro Echavarria, this com- from every kind of natural and syn- pany has developed in a way that ex- thetic fiber More recently, in 1957, emplifies the dynamic growth of Latin came the establishment of Coltehilos, American private enterprise. Colombia's newest spinning mill, a Established with a capital of 1,000 subsidiary of Coltejer and Sedeco that pesos, its total subscribed capital is makes yarn for these entities and now 70,000,000 pesos, with reserves in other consumers and is about to start excess of 55,000,000 pesos. It is owned producing sewing thread. by more than 20,000 stockholders, Similar vision and imagination have from all walks of life in Colombia, been shown in industrial relations. and employs 7,000 persons. Two hun- Coltejer supports eight schools, with dred thousand spindles operating day close to 1,200 pupils. It has financed and night in three plants with a total construction of easily-purchased homes area of almost 2,500,000 square feet for its workers. Coltejer has also built Don Carlos J. Echavarria, President are further proof of the vision and churches, it sponsors musical and energy of Coltejer's succession of able sport activities, and it operates restau- ellin, Envigado and Itagui thrive muni- managers. The current head of this rants for its employees. cipalities whose populations and stand- vast industrial complex is Don Carlos Coltejer's contribution to the econ- ards of living are increasing at rates J Echevarria, President since 1940. omy of Colombia is tremendously sig- unmatched in the country From coal of its own production, nificant. Of the 15,000 tons of cotton THE GRACE LOG is happy for the Coltejer generates 20,000 kilowatts of consumed annually in its mills, a very opportunity to pay tribute on behalf electrical energy to power its mills. substantial proportion is grown in of the Grace organization, itself a par- Exemplifying the acceleration of the Colombia, and the textiles produced ticipant in Colombia's textile industry, pace of industrial development in support in large part a prosperous to this great enterprise, which is the Latin America, and in Colombia in clothing and fashion industry that sup- legitimate pride of Colombia and a particular, more than half of Coltejer's plies the important Colombian market. magnificent example of the vital en- textile productive capacity has been Around the company's mills in Med- ergy of its people. New O.A.S. Officials RECENT MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL of was unanimously chosen to be the the Organization of American States O.A.S. Secretary-General again. He will have resulted in the elections of several have a ten-year term in this post of new officials and the reëlection of the the 21-nation group. Dr Mora is the Secretary-General. third O.A.S. Secretary-General. Dr Eduardo Augusto Garcia, Argen- The new Assistant Secretary-General tine Ambassador to the O.A.S., has is Dr William Sanders, Special Assist- been named Chairman of the Council, ant to Under Secretary Christian A. succeeding Dr Fernando Lobo, Am- Herter of the U.S. Department of State. bassador of Brazil to the United States. Dr Sanders replaces Dr. William Man- Lic. Gonzalo Facio, Ambassador of ger of the U.S. who will retire in May Costa Rica to the U.S., has been elect- after having served 43 years in the ed Vice Chairman, succeeding Ambas- Pan American Union and the O.A.S. sador José Luis Cruz Salazar of Guate- mala. Earlier in Council meetings at Wash- New Chilean Pipeline ington, Dr José Antonio Mora, former Ambassador of Uruguay to the U.S., LATE 1958 is expected to see the oper- ating start of a new Chilean pipeline, running from the Concon refinery of the Empresa Nacional de Petroleos (Upper left) Dr. Fernando Lobo, (ENAP) to Santiago. Capital in the retiring Chairman, Council of the O.A.S., and Dr. Eduardo Augusto new constructing and operating com- Garcia, the new Chairman. (Lower pany, the Sociedad Nacional de Oleo- left) Dr. William Sanders, new ductos, will total 1.5 billion pesos, with Assistant Secretary-General of the 48 percent held by the Compañía de O.A.S., and Dr. José Antonio Petroleos de Chile (COPEC) and 26 Mora, reëlected Secretary-General. percent each by Esso Standard Oil Company (Chile) S.A.C. and ENAP 27 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library W.R. NEWS OF Grace GRACE & CO. New Silicon Firm Bank Shares in Loan INTERNATIONAL METALLOIDS, INC., has QUARTERLY DIVIDEND THE GRACE NATIONAL BANK is one of been chosen as the name of the new THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS of nine United States banks that have firm organized by W R. Grace & Co. and Pechiney, the big French chemical W R. Grace & Co. on November granted a line of credit to the Central and metallurgical concern, to make 7th declared a regular quarterly Bank of Argentine totaling $27,000,000 dividend of $0.60 per share on for one year for dollar exchange pur- ultra high-purity elemental silicon. its Common Stock, payable on poses. The firm's plant, being built at Toa December 10th to Stockholders Carlos Coll Benegas, President of Alto, 15 miles west of San Juan, Puerto Rico, will have an annual capacity of of record at the close of business, the Banco de la Nacion, Argentina's 20,000 pounds of such silicon when it November 18th. largest bank, says the loan is the first in more than 20 years that his country goes into production in the first half has made with private banks in the U.S. of 1958. Ultra high-purity elemental silicon is achieving wide use as a semi- for industrial development. There is conductor in transistors and rectifiers availability of skilled professional and -James R. Collins for extremely sensitive electronic industrial workers, a clean atmosphere JAMES R. COLLINS, Vice President of devices. and ample electric power." Grace & Co., Central America, died on The Board of Directors of Interna- International Metalloids, Inc., will October 8th in Guatemala City, Guate- tional Metalloids, Inc., has named the employ about 80 persons, all of whom mala, after a brief illness. He was 51 following to top executive positions: will be Puerto Ricans except for several years old. Marlin G. Geiger, Executive Vice Presi- French and continental United States Mr Collins had lived in Guatemala dent of Grace in charge of chemical technical and management personnel. for 20 years during which he had divisions, to be President and Chair- served the Grace organization in vari- man of the Board of International New Ecuador Plant ous capacities. He was esteemed and Metalloids, Inc.; Lewis C. Reid, for- well known in all Central America, as merly Industrial Chemical Sales Man- W R. GRACE & CO. has initiated its well as in his native San Francisco. ager of Grace's Davison Chemical Com- first industrial venture in Ecuador with Through the courtesy of Ambassador pany Division, to be Vice President, the opening of a new paint plant in and Mrs. Edward J Sparks, Mr. and Samuel C. Streep, formerly Senior Guayaquil. Collins' body reposed in the residence Development Engineer of Davison, to Full production of a complete line of of the United States Embassy, where be Vice President and General Man- paints that is designed to take care of hundreds of mourners paid their last ager On the Board of Directors, in the needs of the Ecuadorean economy respects. Colleagues from Grace & addition to Mr Geiger and Mr Reid, was begun in October. Co.'s Guatemala office kept vigil dur- are Dr Charles E. Waring, William E. The Glidden Company of Cleveland, ing the night of October 8th and the McGuirk, Jr., Jean M. H. Grolee, Ohio, has a one-third equity in the following day A majority of the prom- Sylvan Gotshal and Charles A. Roy company, Pinturas Ecuatorianas S. A., inent citizens of Guatemala attended a In thanking the Economic Develop- and is providing technical know-how service on October 9th at the Church ment Administration of Puerto Rico Previously Grace sold Glidden's paints of the Beatas de Belen. and the Puerto Rico Industrial Develop- in Ecuador on an imported basis. Burial was in San Francisco, follow- ment Co. for their help in securing the The plant is located in a new build- ing a Solemn High Requiem Mass that plant location, Mr Geiger said: "In ing and contains the most modern was celebrated by Bishop Hugh Dona- Puerto Rico we find a favorable climate equipment. hue of San Francisco and attended by Bishop James J Sweeney of Honolulu. Mr Collins joined the San Francisco office of W R. Grace & Co. in 1925 as office boy He was successively order England's Queen Eliza- clerk, documentation clerk and Grace beth II stands by a self- Line traffic representative before go- service counter of CRY- ing to Guatemala City in 1937 as a OVAC-wrapped poultry on merchandise salesman for Grace & Co., a surprise tour of a supermarket at Queens- Central America. One year later he town, Maryland, near became sub-manager, and in 1944 took Washington, D. C., on on additional duties as assistant to the her recent U.S. visit. Vice President. In 1947 he was named General Manager of Central America operations, including the subsidiaries in Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. He was named Vice President in 1953. 28 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library HEAT RESISTANCE FROZEN FOODS PREVENT PREMATURE COLD RESISTANCE STRENGTH BREAKDOWN! ACID VAPOR BARRIER CHEMICAL RESISTANCE Improve quality and performance withGREX Minimize the danger of premature product breakdown freeze it without brittleness. upgrade quality and performance! Always specify GREX is unaffected by most acids and chemicals and GREX, the new high density polyethylene! GREX offers efficiently resists moisture vapor transmission. You can you a combination of properties far superior to those shape it into most delicate designs, yet it stays strong found in most plastics used today, yet cost is low and rigid in thin sections. GREX gives you exceptional impact and tensile strength, Look into the many ways GREX versatility and quality that assure long service and hard wear High heat and can help you overcome the breakdown problem! cold resistance lets you boil GREX without distortion *TRADEMARK FOR W. R. GRACE & CO.'S POLYOLEFINS W.R. GRACE & CO. POLYMER CHEMICALS DIVISION Plant Offices Baton Rouge, La. GRACE Clifton, N.J. & CO Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library CREATIVE INVESTMENT at home and abroad W.R. GRACE & CO. Symbol of Service Throughout the World How W. R. Grace & Co. is participating in the development of basic industries in 23 countries. The diversified interests of W R. Grace & Co. involve many indus- W R. GRACE & CO., backed by more than a century of experience in business tries in many countries. Active in chemicals and international and industry, continues to move ahead -in chemical processing and manufac- industry, trade and transportation, the 103-year-old Grace organization turing in basic industries throughout Latin America in world trade, trans- conducts operations in the United States, Latin America, Canada, portation and finance. Europe, and Australia. CRYOVAC COMPANY DIVISION DAVISON CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION Diversified both industrially and geographically, these far-flung DEWEY AND ALMY CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION Grace enterprises have in common an aggressive, forward-looking DEWEY AND ALMY OVERSEAS COMPANY policy of management. Through local production for local consump- DIVISION FOSTER AND KLEISER COMPANY tion, Grace capital and know-how participate in basic national DIVISION GRACE CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION industries that expand with the economic development of the country GRACE LINE INC. GRACE NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YORK In 23 countries Grace subsidiaries and affiliates are sharing in GRACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT the growth of such industries as chemicals, transportation, paper, DIVISION LATIN AMERICAN PAPER AND CHEMICAL paints, textiles, merchandising, mining and foodstuffs. GROUP PACIFIC COAST DIVISION By plowing back earnings, investing new money and moving into POLYMER CHEMICALS DIVISION SOUTH AMERICAN GROUP countries where it has not been active previously, Grace is rapidly expanding in creative investments basic to national economic development both at home and abroad. W. R. GRACE & CO. Executive Offices: 7 Hanover Square, New York 5 Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library Picture yourself in a comfortable deck chair on a romantic Grace Line Cruise. Basking in the Caribbean sunshine, you'll know this is the vacation CARIBBEAN of your dreams. You'll meet new friends enjoy delicious meals swim in a king-size, outdoor tiled pool. Every room is outside, each with private bath. The "Santa Rosa" or "Santa Paula" sails from New York every SOUTH AMERICA Friday on a 12-Day Cruise visiting Aruba and Curacao in the Netherlands West Indies and La Guaira, Caracas and Cartagena in South America. CRUISES Also Casual Cruises of approximately 18 days, weekly from New York. For colorfully illustrated literature see your Travel Agent. GRACE LINE Dept. NY-9, 3 Hanover Square, New York 4, N.Y Regular frequent American flag þassenger and freight services between the Americas Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library CRYOVAC'S advertising in November issues of BETTER HOMES & GARDENS and SUNSET and in the November 25 issue of LIFE featured frozen turkey. This is one of the oldest ap- plications for CRYOVAC bags CRVOVAC PACKAGING and because of the unusually fine protection it provided for frozen turkeys, CRYOVAC helped to bring about this revolutionary development in poultry marketing. Now bet- It's frozen holiday turkey ter than 85 percent of all with a tender new farm-freshness frozen turkeys are packaged because it's vacuum-sealed in CRYOVAC! in CRYOVAC bags. It's probably been years since you've enjoyed the wonderful flavor of farm-fresh turkey But now you can recapture that tender, fresh- It's quite probable that the dressed taste in frozen turkey thanks to a new protective vacuum package called CRYOVAC. This airtight, moisture-proof "second skin" bird which graces your table has made a revolutionary improvement in poultry flavor by this Thanksgiving and Christ- sealing out air, sealing in natural juices. CRYOVAC stops drying out and "freezer burn" keeps turkey fresh and tender until the bird is mas will have come to your on your table! house in this remarkable vac- Here's how CRYOVAC packaging is . done first, the bird is placed in CRYOVAC uum-sealed plastic package. a special, airtight, moisture-proof bag. Then-all flavor-stealing air is vacuumed out, the bag is sealed THE CRYOVAC COMPANY and shrunk to fit like a transparent Division of "second-skin" It protects the con- GRACE W.R. Grace & Co. & CO. Cambridge 40, Mass. tents until you break the seal. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY April 7, 1960 Shanks, Carrol Personal Dear Mr. Shanks: The loan which your company made recently to the Republic of Mexico has just come to my attention and I want to get this note off to tell you that I consider it to be an historic move in this field. Mexico x As you know, I have long advocated the increasing use of private enterprise capital in the economic struggle in which we are engaged. Only from this source, rather than Government, can the great amount necessary be procured X folder (make new one) and, even more important, the use of private money constitutes file folder John D. J. Moore a practical demonstration of the political and economic ideas in which we believe. This statesmanlike precedent which you have set may well open great new sources of capital for countries abroad who are fighting to raise their standards, and in their minds will associate success with our way of life. With every best wishes, Sincerely, REC:ds Richard Nixon Mr. Carrol Shanks, President Prudential Insurance Company of America Prudential Plaza Box 594 le Newark 1, New Jersey bcc: Mr. John D. J. Moore M Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library JOHN D. J. MOORE OK? 7 HANOVER SQUARE NEW YORK 5, N.Y. ys Juy March 30, 1960 egg The Honorable Richard N. Nixon Vice President of the United States B Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Vice President: This seems to be my season for barraging you with mail, but I think the matter I am mentioning here is well worth a line Practically nobody seems to have paid any public attention to what I regard as the biggest news story in relation to U.S private capital taking part in the development of Latin America in many years. As you undoubtedly know, the Prudential Insurance Company has made an unrestricted $100 million loan for industrial development and public works to the Republic of Mexico, at a rate of interest profitable to the lender and not excessive by Latin American standards. Today I talked to Mr. Carrol Shanks, the president of Prudential, at his office, and found that there has not been much reaction to this very courageous and forward looking move to carry out the objectives which have been voiced so many times by the President of the United States, by you and many others including Messrs. Herter and Dillon. Neither I nor the Grace organization have any stake in this matter, but I am making bold to suggest that a line of appreciation to Mr. Shanks for this action would have a tendency to encourage other leaders of the investment community to step into this great field. In any event this is a move in the direction which you have been advocating, and in the event that it escaped your at- tention I thought I would mention it to you. yes means With Ristoria best regards, may well Sincerely met yours, sources open for equital abroad quet l Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1960. Prudential Insurance Grants $100,000,000 Loan to Mexico Special to The New York Times. MEXICO CITY, March 4-The largest private long. term loan to Mexico since before the country's 1910 revolu- tion was announced here today. It consists of an advance of $100,000,000 by the Pru- dential Insurance Company of America to Nacional Fi- nanciera, a financing agency of the Mexican Government. The loan will run fifteen years and will bear 6% per cent interest. It will be subject to retirement during the last ten years of the term. The insurance company did not require the borrowing agen- cy to specify any special pur- pose for which the money was to be spent. Nacional Finan- ciera said that the loan would be used to develop Mexico's basic industries and to expand public improvement projects now in progress. Nacional Financiera expressed the hope that the credit granted by Prudential, one of the larg- est life insurance companies in the United States, would stimu- late other foreign private lend- ing interests to put capital to work in Mexico. Offers Considered The Mexican National Hous- ing Institute is considering "several" offers of private capital from the United States to help finance Mexico's giant low-cost housing program, ac- cording to Luis Quintanilla, director. Until a decision is reached and contracts are signed he declined to name the interests with which he was negotiating. Along with United States of- fers are several from Europe and Mexico. "We are constantly receiving proposals and are constantly considering them to see if they fit into our plans," Señor Quintanilla said. "What we need is a very reasonable rate of interest because of the necessary long-term fifteen years-of our loan. We are seeking private capital because no Government funds are avail- able on the scale we need." The first phase of Señor Quintanilla's program calls for spending $10,000,000 this year for the purchase of land and the construction of 1,000 apart- ment units in Mexico City and 2,500 houses in seven cities. A typical three-bedroom house is designed to sell for $960, pay- able over as long as fifteen years. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library COPY January 6, 1958 Dear Mr. Moore: This is just a note to thank you for your X - International Affairs = Foreign Trade X @ Grace, W. R. & Co. - folder Moore, John D. J. - folder thoughtfulness in sending me a copy of the memorandum prepared by the First National City Bank and the W. R. Grace Company. It was most helpful to have such a well con- sidered and articulate statement on the subject of the policies necessary for the most effective development of American investment abroad and I appreciate your interest in sending this to me. With every good wish for the New Year, Sincerely, RN 1/6/58 CMc Richard Nixon Iss Vice President in CMc W/amk Mr. John D. J. Moore W. R. Grace & Co. 7 Hanover Square New York 5, New York Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library W R GRACE & CO 7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y. December 23, 1957 Mr. James D. Hughes Office of the Vice President Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Hughes: It was good of you to telephone me today. Mr. Grace and Mr. George S. Moore, Executive Vice President of The First National City Bank of New York, understood perfectly the heavy I schedule of the Vice President. The subject which they hope to discuss is summarized in the attached Memorandum which they would appreciate your drawing to the attention of the Vice President. It represents the joint thinking of The First National City Bank and the Grace organization as well as, I believe, the vast majority of American businessmen interested in business abroad. The Vice President made a tremendous impression at San Francisco, and we are hoping that he will speak out as often as possible on this important subject. If some thinking along these lines should be expressed in the Economic Message, it would be a dramatic boost for this sound move. I greatly appreciate your assistance in this regard, and look forward to meeting you on my next visit to Washington. With the best wishes of the season, Sincerely, D.yMoore John D. J. Moore Vice President Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library MEMORANDUM It has long been recognized that essential to the strength of the Free World that healthy economies and greater industrial capacities should be encouraged in the developing nations. Only by sound economic growth can these nations raise their living standards as a deterrent to international Communism and strengthen their contribution to mutual defense. In this great task it is obvious that a greater outflow of United States private investment is necessary to support the essential capital needs of these countries whose populations are growing at an explosive rate. Public credit, both from the United States Government and from international agencies, of course, plays a vital role, but the real job can be accomplished only through a healthy flow of private investment. Can we say that our policy toward investment abroad of United States private capital has sufficiently encouraged such an outflow? The facts and figures of the case answer in the negative. Our present tax laws not only do not encourage essen- tial private investment overseas, but actually discourage it. For example, when a foreign branch of an American company shows a profit for a particular year, our present law requires the parent company or head office in the United States to pay United States income taxes on that profit for that year. This tax is payable regardless of whether or not the United States company left that profit in the foreign area for purposes of expansion or other sound business reasons. Profit so left abroad may never actually be realized by the company in the United States because they remain subject to the potential losses, inherent in the foreign field, of currency devaluation or exchange and transfer limitations. This frequently results in imposing upon United States overseas operations a heavier tax burden than is borne by domestic operations. We feel sure that this has never been the actual intent of Congress, as indicated by its establishment of the Western Hemisphere Trade Corporations to enoourage overseas investment in Latin America. Many legislative and business leaders recognize this problem. Vice President Nixon's recommendations, which he outlined at the recent San Francisco International Industrial Development Conference, would cover this situation satisfactorily. It is to be hoped that they will become law in the forthcoming Congress. They were as follows: (a) That branches of American business abroad receive the same tax consideration as subsidiaries thereof; (b) That profits or dividends earned by overseas branches or sub- sidiaries not be taxable until remitted to the United States parent company or head office; (c) That the 14-point tax rate differential accruing to Western Hemisphere Trade Corporations be extended and be applicable to all foreign branches or subsidiaries of American business. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library #1 December 12, 1957 MEMORANDUM file TO: Don Hughes FROM: rmw RE: Appointment request of John Moore and George Moore John Moore called today and said that now the President of W. R. Grace and Co., Mr. Peter Grace would like to come in with George Moore to see the Vice President. Mr. Grace is in South America and will be back before Christmas. They would like to have an appointment to come in and see the Boss on the afternoon of December 23rd if possible. Because Peter Grace is now involved, I would imagine RN would at least give this one every consideration. Whatever the answer is they would like us to let Frip Flannigan (their Washington representative) know as soon as possible. Frip's number is -- NAtional 8-6424. Called on 18 hlue. Said no dice for 23ᵈ no further committent made. Reproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library

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    "ocrText": "NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE\nWITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)\nFORM OF\nDOCUMENT\nCORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE\nDATE\nRESTRICTION\nLetter &\nTo: John D. J. Moore]\n3/11/60\nC\nAttachments\nFrom: Richard Nixon\n(Shorthand)\n[12 pages]\n[Page 2 is withdrawn]\nFILE LOCATION\nSeries 320 - General Correspondence\nBox 527 - MOORE, John D. J.\nRESTRICTION CODES\n(A) Closed by Executive Order 11652 governing access to national security information.\n(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.\n(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.\nGENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nGSA FORM 7122 (7.72)\nMoore, Mr. John D. J.\nNew York, N. Y.\nW. R. Grace and Company\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nDecember 19, 1960\nDear John:\nPat and I want you to know how very much we appreciated\nthe letter which you sent us after the election.\nA message of congratulations after winning an election\nis of course always appreciated although not unexpected. But\nnothing could have meant more to us than to receive such a varm\nand thoughtful message after losing.\nIn the years ahead as we look back to 1960, the dis-\nappointment of losing the closest election in history will fade\ninto the background. But your act of thoughtfulness will always\nremain close to our hearts.\nPat joins me in sending our very best wishes for Christmas\nand the New Year.\nSincerely,\nA\nRichard Nixon\nMr. John D. J. Moore\nW. R. Grace & Company\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nW R GRACE & Co.\n7 HANOVER square, new YORK 5, N.Y.\nJOHN D.J MOORE\nVICE PRESIDENT\nS/Duh\nDecember 6, 1960 oh\nThe Honorable Richard M. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nWashington, D.C.\nform\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nI am just returning from my second South American trip\nsince Election Day. It made me recall the privilege I enjoyed of being\nwith you and Mrs. Nixon in South America two years ago. I do wish\nto write to send you my very strong best wishes and to tell you how highly\nyour name is honored among the South Americans. I found the highest\npraise for your character and person wherever I went.\nAs you may know, I worked on your campaign with Walter\nThayer and others and followed it closely. I am bitterly disappointed\nwith the result, but I wish to let you know how splendidly I think you and\nMrs. Nixon acquitted yourselves throughout. I truly hope that you will be\na candidate in 1964 and I hope to work for you.\n/\nI was, and I remain, proud to be a Nixon man.\nWith great respect and personal regards,\nSincerely yours,\nyour\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\n7/14/59\nRN Embasy saw reception\nRUSSIAN TRIP FILE\nat\nOne more person for the Moscow visit --\nJohn Moore of W. R. Grace Co. (Executive Vice President)\nmyof\" more\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nJOHN D. J. MOORE\n7 HANOVER SQUARE\nNEW YORK 5, N.Y\nMarch 30, 1960\nMiss Rose Mary Woods\nOffice of the Vice President\nSenate Office Building\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Rose:\nIt seems to be my letter writing\nseason all right, but I think a note from the\nRr\nVice President would greatly encourage this whole-\nwriting\nsome type of activity.\nBest regards.\nSincerely,\nattachment - CC Letter to the Vice President\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nMarch 30, 1960\nThe Honorable Richard N. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nThis seems to be my season for barraging you\nwith mail, but I think the matter I am mentioning here is well\nworth a line.\nPractically nobody seems to have paid any public\nattention to what I regard as the biggest news story in relation to\nU.S. private capital taking part in the development of Latin America\nin many years.\nAs you undoubtedly know, the Prudential Insurance\nCompany has made an unrestricted $100 million loan for industrial\ndevelopment and public works to the Republic of Mexico, at a\nrate of interest profitable to the lender and not excessive by\nLatin American standards.\nToday I talked to Mr. Carrol Shanks, the\npresident of Prudential, at his office, and found that there has\nnot been much reaction to this very courageous and forward looking\nmove to carry out the objectives which have been woiced 80 many\ntimes by the President of the United States, by you and many others\nincluding Messrs. Herter and Dillon. Neither I nor the Grace\norganization have any stake in this matter, but I am making bold\nto suggest that a line of appreciation to Mr. Shanks for this action\nwould have a tendency to encourage other leaders of the investment\ncommunity to step into this great field.\nIn any event this is a move in the direction which\nyou have been advocating, and in the event that it escaped your at-\ntention I thought I would mention it to you.\nWith best regards,\nSincerely yours,\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nTHE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1960.\nPrudential Insurance Grants\n$100,000,000 Loan to Mexico\nSpecial to The New York Times.\nMEXICO CITY, March 4-The largest private long.\nterm loan to Mexico since before the country's 1910 revolu-\ntion was announced here today. It consists of an advance\nof $100,000,000 by the Pru-\ndential Insurance Company\nof America to Nacional Fi-\nnanciera, a financing agency\nof the Mexican Government.\nThe loan will run fifteen\nyears and will bear 6% per cent\ninterest. It will be subject to\nretirement during the last ten\nyears of the term.\nThe insurance company did\nnot require the borrowing agen-\ncy to specify any special pur-\npose for which the money was\nto be spent. Nacional Finan-\nciera said that the loan would\nbe used to develop Mexico's\nbasic industries and to expand\npublic improvement projects\nnow in progress.\nNacional Financiera expressed\nthe hope that the credit granted\nby Prudential, one of the larg-\nest life insurance companies in\nthe United States, would stimu-\nlate other foreign private lend-\ning interests to put capital to\nwork in Mexico.\nOffers Considered\nThe Mexican National Hous-\ning Institute is considering\n\"several\" offers of private\ncapital from the United States\nto help finance Mexico's giant\nlow-cost housing program, ac-\ncording to Luis Quintanilla,\ndirector. Until a decision is\nreached and contracts are\nsigned he declined to name the\ninterests with which he was\nnegotiating.\nAlong with United States of-\nfers are. several from Europe\nand Mexico. \"We are constantly\nreceiving proposals and are\nconstantly considering them to\nsee if they fit into our plans,\"\nSeñor Quintanilla said. \"What\nwe need is a very reasonable\nrate of interest because of the\nnecessary long-term fifteen\nyears-of our loan. We are\nseeking private capital because\nno Government funds are avail-\nable on the scale we need.\"\nThe first phase of Señor\nQuintanilla's program calls for\nspending $10,000,000 this year\nfor the purchase of land and\nthe construction of 1,000 apart-\nment units in Mexico City and\n2,500 houses in seven cities. A\ntypical three-bedroom house is\ndesigned to sell for $960, pay-\nable over as long as fifteen\nyears.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nMarch 11, 1960\nDear John:\nMoore, John D.J.\nHenry Kearns has given me a copy of the\nGrace Log in which you had some very generous\ncomments to make in regard to my trip to the\nSoviet Union. I want you to know how much I ap-\npreciated your writing as you did and I can only\nsay that I wish the Grace Log had a much larger\ncirculation!\nIncidentally, looking at the picture, I wondered\nif the face in the righthand corner might be yours --\nwhoever it is he certainly seems to be enjoying\nhimself.\nWith every good wish,\nx-tra copy\nx-RN dict.\nfolder\nSincerely,\nPN\nRichard Nixon\nMr. John D.J. Moore\nVice President\nW. R. Grace and Company\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nbcc. Mr. Henry Kearns\nRN/rmw/rd\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nAPPENDIX\nRICHARD M. NIXON DEPOSITORY\nDocument Control Sheet\nDocument removed, see entry number\non Document Withdrawal Sheet.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nDIPARTMENT OF COMMERCE\n*\n*\nTHE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA\nSye\nWASHINGTON 25, D.C.\nfile\nMarch 41960\nThe Vice President\nUnited States Senate\nWashington 25, D. C.\nDear Dick:\nHere's one man who has his precinct in order.\nSincerely yours,\nEnclosure\nOnly Henry Kearns\nInternational Affairs\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nDEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE\n*\nTHE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA\nWASHINGTON 25, D.C.\nMarch 41960\nMr. John D. J. Moore\nVice President\nW. R. Grace & Co.\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nDear John:\nYour article for the Grace Log concerning the Moscow\nFair is terrific. It certainly touches the high points of the\nexhibition, from all the accounts I have heard, and it bespeaks\na message which merits constant repetition.\nOf particular interest is your inspiring reference\nto the Vice President. I don't know whether he has seen your\narticle or not, but I have taken the liberty of sending him\nmy copy with a copy of this note.\nWith all best wishes, I am,\nSincerely yours,\nHENRY KEARNS\nHenry Kearns\nInternational Affairs\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nTHE\nGRACE LOG\nSEPTEMBER\nOCTOBER\n1959\nAGRICULTURAL\nCHEMICALS\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nUALITY\nSERVICE\n1\nTECHNICAL\nP2O5\nASSISTANCE\nQUALITY\n1\nDEPENDABILITY\nDELIVERY\n2\n2\n(S,Q2D₂TA,)\nThe DAVISON formula is more\nthan just Quality of product\nMake no mistake, we do not underrate the importance of\nquality We know that the Davison Hi-Flo Triple Supers\nHi-Flo Run-O-Pile Triple Superphos-\n(Run-O-Pile, Gran-U-Lated and Blend-Phos), Davison Nor-\nphate 46/47% available P2O5.\nmal Supers; Phosphate Rock and Phosphoric Acid\nHi-Flo Gran-U-Lated Triple Superphos-\nare unexcelled by any on the market.\nphate\nguaranteed 46% available P2O5.\nBut Davison considers that the important \"pluses\"\nHi-Flo Blend-Phos Triple Superphos-\nphate\n45/46% available P2O5.\nService, Quality, Dependability, Delivery, Technical\nAssistance are equally important in determining a source\nGranulated Normal Superphosphate\nfor your needs. We consider them all parts of our product.\nguaranteed 20% available P2O5.\nRun-of-pile Normal Superphosphate\n$\nApprox. 20% available P2O5.\nW.R.GRACE & CO.\nDAVISON\nGRACE\nPhosphate Rock All Grades.\nDIVISION\nPhosphoric Acid\nDAVISON CHEMICAL DIVISION\n75% H3PO₄-54.5% available P2O5.\nBALTIMORE 3. MARYLAND\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nREPORT ON RUSSIA\nby John D J. Moore\nJohn D.J. Moore, Vice President of W. R. Grace & Co., was one of a group of American businessmen who at-\ntended the opening of the American National Exhibition at Moscow. In this article he gives some of his im-\npressions of the impact on the Russians of the exposition and of Vice President Nixon's visit and speeches.\nIn this article I shall attempt to share with the readers\nof a top-level official of the United States. His long and\nof THE GRACE LOG some of my impressions and experi-\nintensive training in dealing with the peoples and of-\nences of ten active days in the Soviet Union on the\nficials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation\noccasion of Vice President Nixon's historic visit to Rus-\nhe had made for his mission and his strength of mind\nsia for the opening of the American National Exhibition\nand character all combined to make his visit tremen-\nin Moscow It is obvious that in such a short visit no\ndously successful.\nman can become well acquainted with a country, but in\nThis is not only my observation. There is no more\nthe circumstances of the Nixon trip and the opening of\nsevere jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned Amer-\nthe exhibition, some reflections on what occurred there\nican newspaper correspondents. They are trained to\nmay be of interest.\njudge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all\nof the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon\nMR. NIXON\nvisit were friendly to him politically or personally Yet,\nIt seems to me that the most important fact I ob-\nas I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit\nserved was the superb performance of Mr Nixon in\nthey were unanimous in their agreement that he had\nwhat can fairly be called the first \"open\" visit to Russia\nrepresented his country to perfection-from his opening\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nThe second of the two public debates between Messrs. Nixon\nand Khrushchev was the \"Battle of the Toasts,\" which oc-\ncurred after the \"Kitchen Debate.\" It started pleasantly\nenough, as this photograph indicates. Mr. Nixon invited Mr.\nKhrushchev to taste some California wine. \"We like California\nporary\" art, which incidentally was produced an aver-\nwine,\" said Mr. Khrushchev, \"but not California ideas.\" Then\nage of approximately a quarter century ago. It was\nhe proposed his famous toast to \"No American bases on for-\neign soil,\" in which Mr. Nixon promptly refused to join.\nmost unfortunate and made a poor impression on the\nRussians who saw it. In a sophisticated international\nLa segunda de las dos controversias públicas entre Nixon y Khrush-\nart show some of these works might have been suitable.\nchev fué la \"Batalla de los Brindis\" que se produjo después del\n\"Debate de la Cocina.\" Comenzó en forma inofensiva, como se ve\nIn Moscow they were disliked, and in addition the sub-\nen esta fotografía. Nixon invitó a Khrushchev a probar un vino\nject matter frequently put the emphasis on the seamiest\nde California. \"Nos gusta el vino californiano,\" dijo el Primer\nsides of American life. It was bad propaganda for our\nMinistro soviético, \"pero no las ideas californianas.\" Y luego hizo\ngreat country It should be pointed out, however, that\nsu famoso brindis a la eliminación de las bases de los EE.UU en\nsuelo extranjero, el mismo que Nixon rehusó inmediátamente.\nthe selection of art was not under the jurisdiction of Mr.\nMcClellan and his associates.\nIMPRESSIONS OF A VISITOR\nspeech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television\naddress to the Russian people on the eve of his depar-\nThe many recent books on Russian life of today pre-\nture for Warsaw\npare one fairly well for what he will experience there.\nThere is no doubt that Mr. Khrushchev's government is\nTHE AMERICAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION\ndriving hard to raise the standard of living of the popu-\nlation, and all who knew Russia in earlier years have\nFormer Assistant Secretary of Commerce Harold C.\nnoted that the food and clothing available to the people\n(Chad) McClellan was the General Manager of the\nhave improved in quality and quantity Nevertheless,\nAmerican National Exhibition. To him and the dedi-\nthe level of life of the average resident of Moscow and\ncated men and women of his staff the people of the Free\nLeningrad is low, indeed.\nWorld owe a great debt.\nMost of the much-talked-of housing is still in the con-\nThis was the first window ever opened in Russia\nstruction stage. I was able to visit one of the better\nwhereby the people of that country could get an idea\nolder apartment houses of Moscow, inhabited by offi-\nof how life is lived in the United States. It was a tre-\ncials of high rank, and was amazed at its disrepair and\nmendous, back-breaking job of work, performed under\npoor state of cleanliness. For one thing, large numbers\nthe most incredibly trying circumstances. What Mr.\nof people are crowded into each building, and kitchen-\nMcClellan and his aides accomplished was nothing\nsharing and bathroom-sharing by two or three families\nshort of heroic, and there is no doubt that their efforts\nare still the rule. Two or more people sleep in prac-\nwere successful.\ntically all the living rooms.\nIf there was any single \"exhibit\" at the exhibition\nThe clothing, shoes, handbags, toilet articles and\nthat showed America off to its best advantage, it was\nother items I priced in the GUM department store and\nthe fine young American men and women who served\nelsewhere were of poor quality and outrageously high-\nas bilingual guides, lecturers, models in the fashion show\npriced in terms of the earning power of the Russians.\nand technical operators. These students and teachers,\nOnly low rents, low taxes and the fact that in general all\nfrom every part of the United States, really charmed the\nmembers of a family over 14 years of age are employed\nRussians, who are not used to pleasant treatment by\nmake it possible for the average person to enjoy any\nanyone in a position of authority They kept their good\npurchasing power The major Russian production effort\nnature and sense of humor under a barrage of hostile,\nis obviously not going into consumer goods.\nincredulous and in many cases insulting heckling from\nJust as have other visitors, I found the Russians a\ntheir audiences.\nnot particularly happy people, but reservedly friendly,\nThe exhibition has been discussed and commented\nupon in the public press in great detail, so I need not\ncomment upon it further except to say that in my judg-\nment it was a far better showing of American life than\nwas the Soviet Exhibition of Technology and Culture at\nthe Coliseum in New York City a picture of Russian\nlife. The one weak spot was the selection of \"contem-\nThe model house at the exhibition drew an enthusiastic and\nadmiring audience despite official Soviet skepticism that it\nwas within the budget of the average U. S. worker. Rus-\nsian living conditions are still so far behind ours that\nmany of the visitors found it difficult to believe their eyes.\nLa casa modelo en la exhibición atrajo una entusiasmada y\nadmirativa concurrencia apesar del escepticismo oficial sovié-\ntico de que estuviera dentro del presupuesto del trabajor or-\ndinario estadounidense. Las condiciones de vida rusas están\nmuy por debajo de las nuestras y a muchos de los visitantes les\nfué muy difícil creer lo que veían.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nand both curious and somewhat suspicious regarding\nwhom I traveled to Leningrad, a construction engineer\nAmericans. They give the appearance of good health,\nwho wore the \"Order of Lenin,\" hotel managers and\nvigor and physical fitness and are ambitious to better\nemployees, taxi drivers and, of course, the Intourist\ntheir lot in life. Their attitude toward Americans will\nguides and interpreters. Several of them attacked me\nmost certainly improve as the tide of American tourists\nfor the conviction and execution of the Rosenberg\nvisiting Russia increases. These friendly, informal\nspies-and even for the imprisonment of Tom Mooney\nAmericans are already doing a fine job of building good\nsome 40 years ago! But when I asked them what would\nwill.\nhave happened under Russian justice to Alger Hiss and\nOne appalling thing I learned from my visit to Russia\nKlaus Fuchs, not one of them had ever heard the names\nwas the deadly effectiveness of the Soviet iron curtain\nof the two men.\non ideas and facts from the outside world.\nThe engineer, who boasted that he knew as much\nWith the aid of a Russian phrase book and a few\nabout road construction as any American, insisted that\nmemorized sentences I talked with many Russians, in-\nall American business corporations belonged to one of\ncluding school teachers, two university professors with\nthree monopolies Ford, Morgan and du Pont. He re-\nfused to believe me when I told him that W R. Grace\n& Co. was not controlled by any of those \"three monop-\nolies,\" but was owned by 30,000 stockholders.\nI recalled to several of them the incident at the United\nNations Security Council when Mr Gromyko objected\nto an adjournment for Good Friday on the ground that\nhe had never heard of it. Not one of these people, some\nof them well educated, had ever heard of Good Friday\neither!\nThese are good people, able, intelligent, eager to\nknow more, but their press tells them very little, and\nforeign broadcasts are jammed. Mr Nixon made a\ntelling point when he challenged Mr Khrushchev to\npublish in Russia reports from America comparable to\nСЫРЬЕ УПОТРЕБЛЯЕМОЕ HA этов\nthe reports from Russia printed in our newspapers.\nМАШИНК НАЗЫНАЕТСЯ\nΓPEKC\nполнэтилен\nTHE SOVIETS AND LATIN AMERICA\nПРОДУКТ химичсков КОМПАНИИ\nГРЭЙС\nI found a powerful Soviet drive toward cultural and\nsocial infiltration in Latin America.\nUpon my arrival at Moscow Airport I could hardly\nbelieve my eyes when I encountered a man wearing a\nBolivian ceremonial devil-mask! When I spoke to him\nin Spanish, I found he was a member of a troupe of 32\nAUTOROLATIS\nBolivian folklore dancers who were en route to Peking\nas the guests of the Communist Chinese Government.\nGREX\nNAGRACE\nW R. Grace & Co. was represented at the\nexhibition in two ways. It was one of the\nsponsors of the plastic pavilion and it pro-\nvided samples of GREX polyethylene, which\nwere eagerly grabbed up by the crowds.\nLa W R. GRACE & Co. estuvo doblemente respre-\nsentada en la exhibición. Fué uno de los auspi-\nciadores de la pabellón de química de plástico,\ny suministró polietileno GREX que la multitud\narrebato con avidéz.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nизвестия COBETOB депутатов трудящихся CCCP\nThe Soviets conducted a systematic press and radio\ncoverage to discredit the American Exhibition. The\nauthor was able to make effective use of this rather\ncrude example of anti-American propaganda that\nappeared in the newspaper Izvestia on July 29th. The\nphotograph is of a substandard tenement house in\nNew York City which the caption states is typical of\n13,000,000 such buildings in the United States. The\naverage Russian he queried estimated that 300 people\nlived in this tenement. Then they were quite frustrated\nwhen simple arithmetic established that if the caption\nwere true this would mean that 3,900,000,000 people\nlive in such dwellings in the United States, or 50 per\ncent more than the population of the earth! One Rus-\nsian excitedly insisted that if Izvestia said so it was true.\nAnother bitterly remarked, \"Our leaders should not\ndeceive us so.\"\nI lost no time in locating the rest of his companions and\nhad a most interesting talk with them. They were not\nCommunists, but were on a seven-week tour of Russia,\nChina and Czechoslovakia. When I asked how they\ncame to be invited, the leader replied that they had been\ninvited by a team of Red Chinese acrobats whom they\nhad met in Bolivia.\nK 109 стрит и\nThe next morning, in my hotel in Moscow, I heard\nSpanish being spoken by a group at a neighboring table.\nTHE TOTAL мым THE\nI made their acquaintance, and they turned out to be\nvisiting Chilean mine workers-in this case the guests\nof the Soviet Government.\nIntrigued by all of this emphasis on Latin America,\nI spent considerable time in Moscow looking into the\nsubject of Soviet hospitality to Latin American groups.\nImagine the effect on them when they are entertained\nI discovered that the story of the Bolivian dancers hav-\nroyally in the best hotels. Frequently they are presented\ning been invited by Chinese acrobats was perfectly true.\nto Mr. Khrushchev in Russia and to Mao Tse-tung in\nThe leader of the troupe of traveling acrobats was a\nRed China.\nhigh official of Red China's ministry of culture, espe-\nAll of us interested in Latin America can see the sig-\ncially assigned to the selection of Latin American cul-\nnificance of this powerful Communist offensive. The\ntural groups to visit Communist countries.\nUnited States and the Free World must redouble their\nI found, in the words of an expert on the subject who\nefforts to offset it. You may be sure that, having been\nresides in Russia, that \"not a day goes by that a Latin\ngiven the privilege of looking this danger in the face at\nAmerican delegation is not in Moscow, invited by\nclose range, I have returned with a sense of re-dedica-\nRussia, Red China or one of the satellite countries.\"\ntion to the task of fighting this menace to our civilization.\nIncidentally, no Russian ever uses the word \"satellites.\"\nThey are referred to as \"the People's Republics.\"\nCONCLUSION\nI learned that, even though Russia has only three\nThis visit was a memorable experience of my life. I\nembassies in Latin America, the selection of the dele-\nwas able to have a glimpse into the mysterious society\ngates to be invited is done with consummate skill, which\nand controlled mentality of the Soviet Union. I came\nspeaks well for the effectiveness of the Soviet intelligence\naway from Russia convinced that if these intelligent,\nnetwork in Latin America.\nindustrious people could only be given the opportunity\nThe groups are students, teachers, dancers and singers\nto know the blessings of liberty, of freedom of religion,\nof the \"folklore\" type, lawyers, doctors, journalists and\nof equality of opportunity as we know it in the Americas,\npublic officials. They are routed from Latin America to\nthey could be a tremendous, vital force for good. I only\nRussia, China and the satellites without going through\nhope that this moment in history may somehow provide\nthe United States. More often than not they are from\nthat opportunity It is the task of all of us to see that it\nrural areas and villages, rather than from the great cities.\ndoes.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nSAN FRANCISCO\nCHICAGO\nNEW YORK\nLOS ANGELES\nWASHINGTON\nNEW\nORLEANS\nHOUSTON\nMIAMI\nPANAMA\nCALI\nQUITO\nGUAYAQUIL\nLIMA\nLA PAZ\nSan Martín de los Andes on Lake Lacar, Argentina\nNo change of plane\nRIO DE\nover the routes of\nJANEIRO\nNational, Pan Am\nSAO PAULO\nand Panagra\nSANTIAGO\nMONTEVIDEO\nBUENOS AIRES\nToday's man about the world finds\nsomething new and wonderful\nin South America\nYou find a happy combination of\nInterAmericano DC-7s. Both are\nthrilling scenery, and city fun. Your\nthrough services equipped with\ndollars go a long way in every coun-\nradar and both fly daily from New\ntry on Panagra's route. And you\nYork. See your Travel Agent or\ncan fly to Buenos Aires and back\nPan Am, Sales Agent for Panagra.\nfor 30% off regular fares.\nOr write for details about pre-\nNew low round-trip fares to\nplanned tours Don Wilson, Pan-\nBuenos Aires apply to El Pacifico\nagra, Rm. 4462, Chrysler Bldg.,\npressurized DC-6Bs and to El\nN Y 17, N Y\nYou are met at every stop on \"host tours\"\nwhich include air fares, fine rooms with\nbath, sightseeing with English-speaking\nFly PANAGRA\nguides. 3 weeks, only $993 from NY\nPAN AMERICAN-GRACE AIRWAYS\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nThe Grace Log, W. R. Grace & Co.\nBulk Rate\n3 Hanover Square, New York 4, N. Y\nU. S. POSTAGE\nPAID\nNew York, N. Y\nPermit No. 2484\nServing\nAgriculture\nand Industry\nSince 1954 Grace Chemical Divi-\nsion's modern nitrogen plant at Mem-\nphis, Tenn., has produced anhydrous\nammonia and urea for use in prod-\nucts ranging from plywoods and plas-\ntics to cattle feed and fertilizers.\nToday, both the ammonia and urea\nunits operate above rated capacity\nand have established a leading posi-\ntion in the industry\nGrace Chemical is one of eight Divi-\nsions of W R. Grace & Co. devoted\nto chemicals. Through continuing\nresearch and development, through\nsteadily expanding production facili-\nties, each has helped to make Grace\na growing factor in the United States\nchemical industry\nW.R.\nW.R.GRACE&co.\nGRACE\n& CO.\nGRACE CHEMICAL DIVISION\nMEMPHIS Edway Bldg., JAckson 7-1551\nCHICAGO - 75 E. Wacker FRanklin 2-6424\nTAMPA - 2808 S. MacDill Ave., 82-3531\nNEW YORK - 7 Hanover Square, Dlgby 4-1200\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nMarch 25, 1960\nMoore, John D. J.\nDear John:\nAs you will have noted from my letter of March\n11, Henry Kearns brought in a copy of the Grace Log\nbefore I received your thoughtful letter of March 1.\nHowever, I want to thank you again for the generous\ncomments in the report you wrote on your trip to\nRussia. Since you have been \"with us\" on a couple\nof these trips now we will have to start checking your\nschedule before any future ones are planned. You are\none of the better reporters!\nI will keep in mind your suggestion that on one of\nmy future trips to New York City I plan to appear at the\nYale Club. However, at the present time the schedule\nfor the next few months does not give much encourage-\nment for my being able to add further engagements.\nNeedless to say, if I am able to work this out I will be\nin touch with you as far in advance as possible.\nWith kindest personal regards,\nx-pending, NEW YORK (Yale Club of Nyc)\nfolder\nSincerely,\nD\nRichard Nixon\nMr. John D.J. Moore\nVice President\nW.R. Grace and Company\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nrmw:rd\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nW R. GRACE & Co.\n7 HANOVER square, NEW YORK 5,N.Y.\nJOHN D.J. MOORE\nVICE PRESIDENT\nMarch 1, 1960\nThe Honorable Richard M. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nIt has just occurred to me that I never sent you a copy of\nthe report I wrote in The Grace Log regarding your wonderful representation\nof our country on your trip to Russia and Poland last summer, and I am\ntaking the liberty of sending you a reprint of the article, which was published\nin October, in the event that your staff has been assembling any material on\nthe subject. In our magazine, which has an outside circulation of some\n60,000 throughout this country and in Latin America, I wrote, with the greatest\nof sincerity:\n\"It seems to me that the most important fact\nI observed was the superb performance of Mr. Nixon in\nwhat can fairly be called the first \"open\" visit to Russia\nof a top-level official of the United States. His long\nand intensive training in dealing with the peoples and\nofficials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation\nhe had made for his mission and his strength of mind\nand character all combined to make his visit tremen-\ndously successful.\nThis is not only my observation. There is no\nmore severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned\nAmerican newspaper correspondents. They are trained\nto judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all\nof the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon\nvisit were friendly to him politically or personally. Yet,\nas I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit\nthey were unanimous in their agreement that he had\nrepresented his country to perfection -- from his opening\nspeech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television\naddress to the Russian people on the eve of his departure\nfor Warsaw!'\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nMy brother Dick was in Washington recently and he tells\nme he had a very fine visit with Mr Finch and Mr. Klein and with\nRosemary Woods As you know, he is President of KTTV and a director\nof the Times-Mirror Company, and I know he is very anxious to help in\nevery way that he can with your own plans for 1960. I know Peter Grace is, too,\nand so am I.\nWith best wishes to you and your family,\nSincerely,\ngreen\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nMarch 1, 1960\nThe Honorable Richard M. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nIt has just occurred to me that I never sent you a copy of\nthe report I wrote in The Grace Log regarding your wonderful representation\nof our country on your trip to Russia and Poland last summer, and I am\ntaking the liberty of sending you a reprint of the article, which was published\nin October, in the event that your staff has been assembling any material on\nthe subject. In our magazine, which has an outside circulation of some\n60,000 throughout this country and in Latin America, I wrote, with the greatest\nof sincerity:\n\"It seems to me that the most important fact\nI observed was the superb performance of Mr. Nixon in\nwhat can fairly be called the first \"open\" visit to Russia\nof a top-level official of the United States. His long\nand intensive training in dealing with the peoples and\nofficials of foreign countries, the exhaustive preparation\nhe had made for his mission and his strength of mind\n'and character all combined to make his visit tremen-\ndously successful.\nThis is not only my observation. There is no\nmore severe jury, I suppose, than a group of seasoned\nAmerican newspaper correspondents. They are trained\nto judge every fact and every man on his merits. Not all\nof the seventy-odd journalists who covered the Nixon\nvisit were friendly to him politically or personally. Yet,\nas I talked with them in Moscow at the end of the visit\nthey were unanimous in their agreement that he had\nrepresented his country to perfection -- from his opening\nspeech at Sokolniki Park to his magnificent television\naddress to the Russian people on the eve of his departure\nfor Warsaw\".\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nMy brother Dick was in Washington recently and he tells\nme he had a very fine visit with Mr. Finch and Mr. Klein and with\nRosemary Woods. As you know, he is President of KTTV and a director\nof the Times-Mirror Company, and I know he is very anxious to help in\nevery way that he can with your own plans for 1960. I know Peter Grace is, too,\nand so am I.\nWith best wishes to you and your family,\nSincerely,\ns/ John Moore /m\n(JDJM:MM)\nEne\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\n1/4/60\nRN\nJohn Moore, Executive Vice President of W. R. Grace & Co., called\ntoday. He said that \"they are baxixxxxx hanging crepe all over Peru because\nthe President is going to Chile instead of Peru. 11 Mr. Moore wondered\nwhether you could put in a good work anywhere to get the President to\nconsider Peru.\nHe said Peru is the only one of these countries that is doing a job in\npxxxxx private enterprise.\nHe couldn't imagine why it would be recommended that the President\nnot go there instead of Chile,\nrmw\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nAugust 11, 1959\nDear John:\nMoore, John D.J. D. J.\nThis is just a note to tell you how very much I\nappreciated the cable you sent me in Warsaw con-\ncerning our visit to the Soviet Union.\nAs you so well know, it was difficult to try\nto find the right tone for the speeches and, for this\nreason, I am particularly grateful for your generous\ncomments. I wish also you could have been with us\nto see the tremendously moving welcome we received\non our ride from the airport to downtown Warsaw. It\nwas especially significant because, as you may have\nnoted in the press, neither the arrival time nor the\nroute we would take were published.\nWith kindest personal regards,\nSincerely,\nDM\nRichard Nixon\nx-Moscow trip (congratulations)\nfolder\nMr. John D. J. Moore\nVice President\nW.R. Grace Company\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nrmw'rd\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nR-PARIS\nRadiogram\nReklamacje można zgłaszać\nРгирјсю:\ntelegraficznie pod Nr 86-167\ndaia 38\nD\nΓ.\nHonoroble Richard\nUwagi służbowe:\ngods. 17 25\nNixon\n7\npodpie\nGrand Hotel knurs28\n57\nparis 96 3 1405 =\nhonorable richard m nixon warsaw =\nas an american ciizen who was privileged to witness your\nhistoric visit to soviet russia 1 W sh tothank and congratulate\nyou for the speeches you made and the splendid manner in which\nyou repersented our country before the soviet officials and\nthe russian people\nyou were clear firm honest and friendly and 1 feel sure the\ntruths you told them and the american attitudes you expressed\nso well are bound to acompl sh much good as always 1 am proud\nto know you and mrs nixon regards =\njohnn d j moore\nct honor abte richard m nixon john d 1 moore\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nX\nJuly 22, 1959\nDear John:\nMoore, John D. J. - folder\nX - invitation date file\nThis is just a note to thank you for your letter of\nJuly 14 extending an invitation to me to attend the next quarterly\nmeeting of the United States Inter-American Council. It would\nbe most enjoyable, I know, for me to have an opportunity to be\nwith you on board the new SS ARGENTINA on September 17,\nand I greatly appreciate your thoughtfulness in inviting me.\nU. S. Inter-American Council quarterly meeting\nUnfortunately, because of the addition to my schedule\nof the official trip I am making to Russia, it has become necessary\nfor me to rearrange my engagements in order to honor all those\nI had previously made during that period. As a result, my schedule\nInvitation - New York - NEW YORK September 17, 1959 - TD\nfor September is now so heavily committed that I have no choice\nbut to decide, regretfully, that I shall not have the pleasure of\nbeing with you on September 17.\nWith appreciation for your cordial invitation, and\nkindest personal regards,\nSincerely,\nRichard Nixon\nMr. John D. J. Moore\nVice President\nW. R. Grace & Co.\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\namk\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nCOPY\nNovember 1, 1958\nDear Mr. Moore:\nSince the Vice President is away from Wash-\nington at the present time I wish to acknowledge your\nletter of October 28 and your thoughtfulness in enclosing\na copy of the speech made recently by Mr. Pedro Beltran.\nMoore, John D.J.\nYou may be sure that the Vice President will\nappreciate very much your taking the time and trouble\nto bring this important address to his attention as well\nas your most generous comments regarding his cam-\npaign activities. I will forward your letter and the\nspeech to him just as soon as possible but in the mean-\nBeltran, Pedro\nfolder\ntime I thought you would like tohear that they had arrived.\nI know that the Vice President would want me\nto extend to you his very best wishes.\nSincerely,\nR. E. Cushman, Jr.\nExecutive Assistant\ngenerous comments 1958 campaign\nto the Vice President\nMr. John D. J. Moore\nVice President\nW.R. Grace and Company\nREC:ak 11/1/58\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nW. R. GRACE & Co.\n7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5,N.Y.\nJOHN D.J MOORE\nVICE PRESIDENT\nOctober 28, 1958\nThe Honorable Richard M. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nWashington, D. C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nIt was an unexpected pleasure to see you for a moment\nafter your TV press conference at the Sheraton Belvedere last week.\nYou looked fine and I hope you are keeping up your strength during\nthis remarkably effective stretch of campaigning you are doing.\nI talked on the telephone last night with Peter Grace, who was in\nChile, and told him that I honestly believe that your New York\nappearance has provided the necessary 51% margin for Rockefeller.\nSo far I think Hogan may still have a slight edge for the Senate,\nbut it is narrowing.\nIt was good of you to mention seeing my brother Dick in\nLos Angeles. As I told you, he was thrilled with your visit to\nhis studio and telephoned me that night to tell me all about it.\nHe is doing a great job for Norman Chandler on KTTV, and I am\nvery proud of him. As you may know, Norman recently made him a\ndirector of the Times - Mirror Co. and I think he is going places\nin California. I would like to bring him in to see you some day\nwhen he is in Washington.\nI don't know whether you had a chance to see the remark-\nable speech that our mutual friend, Pedro Beltran of Peru, delivered\nat the Economic Club of New York last week, and I thought I would\nsend you a copy together with an editorial which it provoked in the\nHerald Tribune. Pedro was invited at Peter Grace's suggestion in\norder to get the Economic Club more interested in Latin America\nand the speech went over with a great big bang. When the campaign\nis over, I hope that you will have time for a visit with us to\ntalk about more ideas in the Latin American area.\nWith best regards,\nJohn Sincerely yours,\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\ntaxi\nJUL 28 1958\nfile\nW R. GRACE & CO.\n7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y.\nJOHN D.J. MOORE\nJuly 24, 1958\nVICE PRESIDENT\nThe Honorable Richard M. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nI wish to tell you how deeply the members of\nthe Committee on Latin America of the Business Advisory Council\nappreciate the meeting we held with you on July 22.\ncard\nAfter the meeting we all got together and reviewed\nthe evening, and agreed that it was the high spot in the ten years\nof the Committee's life. The depth of your understanding of the\nLatin American situation - -- economic, social and political, and\nyour readiness to discuss candidly the essentials of the issues\ninvolved made a tremendous impression on every man present.\nWe will follow up closely on the points which were\ndiscussed, and meanwhile we renew our pledge to you that we remain\nat your service in this area of the national interest. I speak for\nall the Committee when I say that you have our wholehearted thanks\nand admiration.\nWith great respect,\nSincerely yours,\nJohn\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nJanuary 22, 1958\nJohn\nDear Mr. Moore:\nPhonged\nThis is just a note to thank you for your thoughtful\nletter of January 15 enclosing a copy of the November/\nDecember issue of The Grace Log.\nWe cleared the decks in the Nixon household for\nthe January 9 special event at Newport News by having\na birthday observance in advance. Although I don't\nrelish advancing my years by even one day, I was both\nproud and happy that my family could have a part in\nthe christening ceremonies for one of the magnificent\nGrace Liners. Mrs. Nixon, Tricia and Julie had a\nthoroughly enjoyable time and one which they will always\nMoore, John D. J. in re Santa Paula launching on 1/9\nremember with special pleasure.\nI was particularly glad to note that you had printed\nexcerpts from the proceedings of the International Develop-\nment Conference in Spanish. Knowing the esteem in which\nthe W.R. Grace Company is held throughout South America\nI feel certain that the excerpts will be read and discussed\nwith wide interest.\nIt was a pleasure seeing you recently and all of us\nhope that one day we may have a voyage on the Santa Paula\nor another of your splendid ships.\nWith every good wish,\nSincerely,\nEN/AW/rd 1/22/58\nRichard Nixon\nMr. John Moore, Vice President\nW. R. Grace and Company\nM\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nW R. GRACE & Co.\nSWN 20 1958\n7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y.\nJanuary 15, 1958\nJOHN D.J. MOORE\nVICE PRESIDENT\nHon. Richard M. Nixon\nThe Vice President of the United States\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nI enjoyed very much seeing you at Union Station last\nweek when you came to see Mrs. Nixon and your daughters off on the\nSanta Paula Launching Special.\nAs you probably know, we did not realize that\nJanuary 9 was such a key date in the Nixon household, and we are deeply\ngrateful that you permitted your family to come to Newport News.\nNeedless to say, Mrs. Nixon, Tricia and Julie were the big attractions\nat our launching.\nThe launching went very well. It was a perfect oc-\ncasion. We hope that you and your family will travel on \"Mrs. Nixon's Ship.\"\nI also appreciate your note acknowledging our memo-\nrandum to you about taxation on foreign earnings. I therefore have thought\nyou would like to see your address at the recent International Industrial\nDevelopment Conference in San Francisco as reported in English and\nand Spanish on pages 7 to 10 of The Grace Log.\nMay I again express my pleasure in seeing you again\nrecently, and my thanks for your family's participation in the Santa Paula\nlaunching.\nSincerely,\nJoun woore\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nnovember/december/1957\nThe\nGRACE LOG\nSAN FRANCISCO - Site of the International\nIndustrial Development Conference\nPAGE 4\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nSee for yourself the\nBig Difference\nin Urea Feed Compounds\nPRODUCT A\nPRODUCT B\nGrace Micro-Prilled Urea\nFeed Compound The\nsmooth, round balls are\nfree-flowing, non-caking.\nALL 3 PHOTOS\nARE 12 TIMES\nACTUAL SIZE.\nOnly Grace Urea Feed Compound is\nMicro-Prilled®\nSmooth Round Free-Flowing\nWrite for\ncomplete\nMicro-Prilling, an exclusive Grace process, pro-\ndetails.\nduces a feed compound in the form of tiny balls\nthat are truly free-flowing. Each ball is clay-coated\nto prevent caking.\nBlends easily in any standard mixing equipment.\nAssures an even, uniform mix throughout.\nGrace\nChemical Company\nA Division of W.R. Grace & Co.\nMEMPHIS-Edway Bldg., JAckson 7-1551\nCHICAGO-75 E. Wacker, FRanklin 2-6424\nTAMPA-2901 Alline, 63-4121\nNEW YORK Hanover Square, Dlgby 4-1200\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nThe\nGRACE LOG\nON THE COVER - San Francisco is cable cars, Nob Hill, Fisherman's Wharf and\nother famous old and new landmarks. But perhaps the San Francisco-Oakland\nBay Bridge, pictured here, best exemplifies the sweep and progress of the City of\nthe Golden Gate, which was the host city to the recent International Industrial\nDevelopment Conference.\nNovember-December 1957\nVolume 32 Number 6\nGRACE\nThe GRACE LOG\n&CO\n4 The International Industrial Development Conference in San Francisco drew top-notch\nbusiness people from all over the Free World. Vice President John D. J Moore\nof W R. Grace & Co. has written of the high spots.\nIn\n7 Government Aid Is Not the Whole Answer, declared Vice President Richard M. Nixon\nThis\nof the United States at the I.I.D.C. banquet, and then he explained what other\nfinancial sources might do to help underdeveloped countries.\nIssue\n9 La ayuda gubernamental no soluciona todo, declaró el Vicepresidente de los Estados\nUnidos, Richard M Nixon, durante el banquete de la C.F.I.I., y luego explicó\nqué pueden hacer otras fuentes financieras para ayudar a los países subde-\nsarrollados.\n11 Proposed Lead-Zinc Curbs Would Injure Hemisphere Economy, said James H. Stebbins, Ex-\necutive Vice President of W R. Grace & Co., in a statement to the United States\nTariff Commission.\n13 Vinyl Was the Password When Paint Moved Indoors tells how research at Dewey and\nAlmy licked odor and other paint problems. By Roger Kaufman.\n14 Chile in All Its Splendor shows historic and other tourist attractions in this color-\nful and significant Latin American nation.\n16 Grace Line Brings Electronic Wizardry to the Steamship Industry-in which are explained\nsome intriguing operations of a new data processing system. By Dorothy Hinz.\n18 The World's Best Fishing Cabo Blanco is an account of the big ones that are\ntaken at this new deep-sea and surf-casting fishing resort in Peru. It is also a\nprime spot for recreation and rest.\n20 El Instituto Smithsoniano un tesoro de historia y de la vida diaria. Informe sobre\nlas inmensas colecciones de sus museos, galerías y otras ramas de este\ninstitución norteamericano \"para el aumento y dijusión del conocimiento.\"\nPor John W White.\n23 On Wings of Panagra\nNews and Views 26-27\n24-25 Seen on the Santas\nNews of Grace\n28\nFRED W WACKERNAGEL JR., Editor\nDOROTHY HINZ, Associate Editor\nGRAPHIC CREDITS: Cover, 3, La Hacienda from Seagram and the\nMichaelson; 27 (top right)\nFoto Digar, Medellin, Colombia; 27\nSan Francisco Chamber of Commerce; 4, 5 (right), 8 (left), 9,\n(bottom, both), 28, Wide World.\nWalter Daran; 5 (left) 7 (left), 8 (right) Robert Lackenbach,\nTIME; 6, San Francisco Chamber of Commerce; 7 (right), N. R.\nU. S. COPYRIGHT, 1957, by W R. Grace & Co. Any material\nFarbman, LIFE; 10, Jon Brenneis; 11, Cerro de Pasco Corporation;\nin the magazine may be reprinted, unless otherwise noted, if\n12, H. R. Ramus, Lima, Peru; 13 (top), G. M. Cushing, Boston;\ncredited to THE GRACE LOG. Please address correspondence to\n14 (top left, bottom left), 15 (bottom right), Grace Line; 14 (left\nthe Public Relations Department, W. R. Grace & Co., 3 Hanover\ncenter), Pan American Union; 14 (bottom right) Carroll Van Ark;\nSquare, New York 4, N. Y.\n15 (top left), United Press-Acme Photos; 15 (top right, bottom\nleft), Panagra; 16, 17, News Events; 18 (top) C. J. Tippett, Lima,\nTHE GRACE LOG is published by W. R. Grace & Co., 7 Hanover\nPeru; 20, 21, 22 (top, bottom right), The Smithsonian Institution;\nSquare, New York 5, N. Y. W. R. Grace & Co. is a chemical\n22 (bottom left) National Gallery of Art; 23 (center top), Kal\nmanufacturing and international industrial concern with transporta-\nWeyner; 23, (center bottom, bottom right), Frank Rodgers for Pa-\ntion interests. J. Peter Grace, President; Franklin Moon, Secretary;\nnagra; 25 (top right), Harris & Ewing; 26 (bottom right), A. G.\nK. A. Lawder, Treasurer.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nI.I.D.C.\nThe\nInternational Industrial\nBy JOHN D. J. MOORE\nIN AN ATMOSPHERE charged with excitement, enthusiasm\nThe challenge facing the delegates was succinctly stated\nand dedication to high ideals, bankers, government offi-\nby M. R. Masani, an independent member of the Indian\ncials and industrialists from 62 nations gathered in San\nParliament. He said:\nFrancisco in October at a meeting that may well become\n\"The drive for economic development is on in the\na landmark in the world's economic history Over 500\nunder-industrialized regions. The question is not whether\noutstanding men invited by Time-Life International and\nthis transformation will occur, but at what rate and\nthe Stanford Research Institute to the first International\nwhether or not these peoples will do the job in association\nIndustrial Development Conference devoted a week of\nwith the rest of the Free World. There are, of course, risks\ntheir busy lives to a major challenge.\ninvolved either way, but when ethical considerations,\nThat challenge was nothing less than the development\nthose of international security and of unrivaled self-\nof a free enterprise plan of action to meet what one\ninterest, point in the same direction, the risks of action\nspeaker called today's \"revolution of rising expectations\"\nare surely worth taking.\"\nThus twice in a little more than a decade the magni-\nDr. A. Eugene Staley, Senior International Economist\nficent city of San Francisco has been the scene of pioneer-\nof the Stanford Research Institute, pointed out that the\ning in international coöperation. A dozen years ago the\n\"revolution of rising expectations\" now sweeping the\nstatesmen of the world met there to form the United\nunder-industrialized areas of the world is one of the most\nNations.\nprofoundly important economic and political facts of\nIn the years that have elapsed since the Charter of the\nour time.\nUnited Nations was adopted, the political tensions of the\nworld have not diminished. But during these same years\nit has become abundantly evident that economic coöpera-\ntion and industrial development are not only feasible but\nare essential to world peace.\nThe men who met at San Francisco this autumn dedi-\ncated themselves to the task of applying all of the brains\nand skill of the world of business to the job of bringing\na higher standard of living and the better things of life\nto the underdeveloped nations of the world through the\nmachinery of enlightened private enterprise.\nIn the ballrooms and corridors of the Fairmont Hotel,\nin the board rooms of San Francisco corporations and\nbanks and at the \"Top of the Mark\" in the Mark Hopkins\nHotel, delegates from Afghanistan to Venezuela heard\nfrank and often blunt talk on either side of the problem.\nThe delegates themselves formed an exclusive Who's\nWho of international finance and business. The Con-\nference was the largest and most impressive gathering of\nFrom left, Dr. Weldon B. Gibson, Associate\nDirector of Stanford Research Institute, and\nleading international businessmen ever held to study the\nEdgar R. Baker, Managing Director of Time-\nproblem of industrialization.\nLife International, I.I.D.C. Co-Directors, pose\nwith Henry R. Luce, Editor-in-Chief of Time\nInc., who was the Conference Chairman.\nDe izquierda a derecha: Dr. Weldon B. Gibson,\nDirector Adjunto del Instituto de Investiga-\nMR. MOORE attended the International Industrial\nciones de la Universidad de Stanford, y Edgar\nR. Baker, Gerente de Time-Life International,\nDevelopment Conference at San Francisco as a dele-\ngate of W. R. Grace & Co., of which he is a Vice\nCodirectores de la C.F.I.I., posan con Henry\nPresident. He is Vice Chairman of the Board of\nR. Luce, Editor Jefe, Time Inc., quien\nTrustees of the U.S. Inter-American Council and the\nactuo como Presidente de la Conferencia.\nChairman of the Latin American Committee of the\nBusiness Advisory Council of the Departments of Com-\nmerce and State. He has also represented the U.S.\nMrs. Robert G. North, U.S.-born\nand American business interests at various interna-\nbusinesswoman, who was one of\ntional conferences in Latin America, including the\nfour delegates from Thailand.\nInter-American Economic Conference in Rio de\nJaneiro in 1954.\nSeñora de Robert G. North, nacida\n4\nen los EE.UU., que fué uno de\nlos cuatros delegados de Tailandia.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nDevelopment Conference\nIN SAN FRANCISCO\nTwo-thirds of the world's population, he observed, lives\nanother year, 650 should be in operation; by the year\nin the underdeveloped countries. Dr Staley declared:\n1975, the target is 2,500 new plants.\n\"The danger in the 'revolution of rising expectations' is\nToday, he also said, 85 percent of the investment in\nthat growth in productive power will lag so far behind\nPuerto Rico is private, and the total is far greater than\ngrowth in expectations that there will be serious dis-\nthe Government could possibly have afforded. Local busi-\nappointments and frustrations and possibly political dis-\nnessmen are now entering the manufacturing field; they\nturbances.\"\nown and operate about 100 of the new factories, mostly\nHow can Free World capitalism cope with this stagger-\nthe smaller ones, but a few of very substantial size.\ning problem? A variety of answers ensued.\nFrom the side of the industrialized nations came sug-\nReflecting generally the views of the underdeveloped\ngestions of an entirely different nature. Dr David McCord\nnations, Miguel Cuaderno, Sr., Governor of the Central\nWright of McGill University, in Montreal, Canada, pointed\nBank of the Philippines, suggested that an excellent way\nout that machinery and tools are the great resources of\nto \"eliminate the fears, suspicions or misgivings of native\nthe industrialized nations, while labor is the great resource\nentrepreneurs about foreign investors\" might be to expand\nof the underdeveloped countries and capital their des-\nthe use of joint local and foreign capital ventures. He\nperate bottleneck. \"World output and the prosperity of\nsaid citizens of these countries want to become indus-\nindividual countries,\" he cautioned, \"can often be more\ntrialists, businessmen and financiers in their own lands.\nquickly and efficiently raised through exports and ex-\n\"They realize,\" he continued, \"that if they are to have\nchange than through trying to make every country, imme-\nthis opportunity, now is the time for them to engage in\ndiately, a little Pittsburgh.\"\nthe establishment and operation of industries, financial\nHenry B. Sargent, President of American & Foreign\ninstitutions, large-scale modern farming and other forms\nPower Company, Inc., warned that if free enterprise is to\nof business-not after such economic activities shall have\nwin its way against the cult of state socialism, it must\nfallen into the hands of foreign elements.\"\nproduce competent managers capable of \"thinking, plan-\nFrom Puerto Rico came another proposal, and with an\nning and acting with boldness, courage and skill-man-\nimpressive success story backing it up. Teodoro Moscoso,\nagers who can make the best of domestic resources and\nhead of the island's Economic Development Administra-\nall that foreign investment has to offer, who are capable\ntion, related how \"Operation Bootstrap\" was devised to\nof helping to dissipate the misdirected nationalism, sus-\nprovide Government funds as a \"catalyst\" and how a ten-\npicion and misunderstanding that are such great obstacles\nyear exemption on taxes on corporate income and prop-\nto economic progress, international coöperation and world\nerty was used as an incentive.\npeace.\"\nToday, he pointed out, new factories are opening at the\nMr Sargent, whose own company has been a leader in\nrate of ten per month, and on November 6th of this year\nthe development of Latin American management talent,\nnew plant No. 500 was to start operations. By the end of\npraised the similar accomplishments of General Electric,\nLouis R. González, Pres-\nident of González Chem-\nical Industries, Hato\nRey, Puerto Rico; Teo-\ndoro Moscoso, Admin-\nistrator of the Economic\nDevelopment Adminis-\ntration, San Juan, P. R.\nLuis R. González, Presi-\ndente de las Industrias\nQuímicas González, Hato\nRey, Puerto Rico; Teo-\ndoro Moscoso, Director\nde la Administración de\nFomento Económico, de\nSan Juan, Puerto Rico.\n5\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nSan Francisco's famed\nMarket Street (center), in\nthe business and financial\ndistrict; (in foreground)\npart of the Embarcadero.\nLa famosa calle \"Market\nStreet\" de San Francisco\n(centro), en la zona comer-\ncial y de negocios; (en pri-\nmer plano) el Embarcadero.\nSears Roebuck, W R. Grace & Co. and Creole Petroleum.\nConference would be complete without expressing tribute\nHe cited W R. Grace & Co.'s \"organizational know-how\nto the traditionally magnificent hospitality of the cos-\nand managerial talent [that] have contributed indirectly\nmopolitan city of San Francisco, its business firms and\nto other industries in Peru as well as directly to the\nits people. The women of San Francisco organized delight-\ndevelopment of Grace's extensive activity\"\nful trips and entertainment for the wives of the delegates;\nHermann J Abs, Director of the Deutsche Bank of\nthe City of San Francisco played host at a brilliant recep-\nFrankfurt, West Germany, made one of the most signi-\ntion in the Palace of the Legion of Honor Time-Life\nficant proposals of the Conference. He suggested the advis-\nInternational and the Stanford Research Institute invited\nability of the capital-exporting countries coördinating\nthe delegates to the San Francisco opera and to a recep-\ntheir policies of financial assistance to other nations and\ntion in the beautiful City Hall at which Life's illumina-\nof government assistance for long-term export credits.\ntions of 50 great paintings were displayed. The planning\nHerr Abs proposed a Magna Charta that would set down\nand execution of the entire program were a great tribute\nprinciples for fair and equitable treatment of foreign\nto its sponsors.\ncapital and creation of a special international Court of\nFully as valuable as the plenary sessions of the Con-\nArbitration that would determine any violations of these\nference were the individual round-table meetings at which\nprinciples and hand down measures to correct them.\nsmall groups met in the board rooms of San Francisco's\nFrom the vantage point of the Presidency of the Inter-\nleading business concerns and discussed the problems of\nnational Bank for Reconstruction and Development,\ninternational industrial development man to man and\nEugene R. Black strongly urged governments and private\nface to face with encouraging results.\nbusinessmen alike to do more to meet the compelling\nIndicative of the enthusiasm that the Conference gener-\ndemands of the peoples of the free world for higher living\nated was the applause for the address of Berthold Beitz,\nstandards. Since the end of the war, he declared, the\nthe dynamic Chairman of the Executive Board of Firma\nworld has in fact been running so fast economically that\nFriedrich Krupp, Essen. He stressed the value of enabling\nit is now \"getting short of breath.\"\n\"leading businessmen from all over the world [to have]\nIt remained for the Vice President of the United States,\nthe opportunity to discover each other a little better as\nRichard M. Nixon, to give concrete demonstration to the\nhuman beings\" Herr Beitz brought the delegates cheering\nConference that our Government strongly supports the aim\nto their feet when he proposed a future meeting to be held\nof developing the economies of the underdeveloped\nactually as a challenge to the totalitarian philosophies\nnations. In one of the truly great addresses of the Con-\nand practices that lie behind the Iron Curtain. \"Let us\nference, he described private initiative and capital as the\nhold it in Berlin itself-an island of free enterprise,\"\n\"motors of economic progress.\" The Vice President\nhe declared.\naroused tremendous enthusiasm on the part of both the\nThere seems no doubt that the men who met at San\nforeign delegates and the United States businessmen\nFrancisco will want to meet again in a group, and there\npresent, when he swept the meeting with a nine-point\nis also no doubt that out of their deliberations and the\npolicy program under which the Eisenhower Administra-\ncontacts established with one another will come signi-\ntion would give substantial assistance toward promoting\nficant advances in the role of private enterprise and\nprivate investments overseas. (His speech is excerpted on\nworld development.\npages 7 and 8 in English and on 9 and 10 in Spanish.)\nThe seeds that Time-Life International planted with its\nOther important addresses were directed at focusing\nInter-American Investment Conference at New Orleans\nworld attention on the issues involved in industrial invest-\nearly in 1955 (in co-sponsorship with International\nments. In SO doing, the Conference achieved its objective\nHouse and the City of New Orleans) and again with the\nof delineating the areas of agreement and disagreement.\ngreat San Francisco Conference in conjunction with the\nNo account of the International Industrial Development\nStanford Research Institute seem bound to bear rich fruit.\n6\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nGovernment Aid Is Not the Whole Answer\nVice President Nixon, at the International Industrial Development Conference\nat San Francisco, stated that private enterprise is the most productive\nsource of economic progress. Herewith are highlights from his address.\nI\nAM HONORED to bring greetings from the President of\nhydroelectric plant have come to seem much more than\nthe United States to the representatives of 62 nations\neconomic needs. They have become symbols of the pride\nattending this historic conference.\nand hopes of whole nations.\nWe could make no greater mistake than to brush off\nThe Communist World is willing to promise that it\n[the Soviet satellite] as a scientific stunt of more signifi-\nwill help fulfill these hopes. It will do this in spite of its\ncance to the man in the moon than to men on earth.\nown desperately low standard of living.\nMr Khrushchev himself has declared that the Com-\nWe know, of course, that such aid will be short-lived\nmunists would prefer to gain their objective of world\nand deceptive. But if it succeeds in extending Communist\ndomination through methods other than military conflict.\nrule throughout Africa and Asia, the Kremlin will have\nThis does not mean that we should ignore the tremendous\nassured its victory in the battle for the world. It will\nmilitary threat posed by Russian power It does mean\nthen control their immense wealth in oil, uranium, copper\nthat we must be prepared for an all-out Communist eco-\nand many other materials essential for the economic life\nnomic offensive to win the allegiance of hundreds of\nof the Free World. The Western World will be forced to\nmillions of people in the uncommitted world, as well as\nsurrender without the firing of a shot.\neven some of those in the Free World.\nI am confident that we can meet and defeat this chal-\nAs far as the average citizen is concerned, the record\nlenge provided we base our policies on the fundamental\nfortunately is on our side and not theirs. The contrast\nprinciple which is the generating force behind this Con-\nbetween the record prosperity of Western Germany and\nference - the recognition that the most productive source\nthe dismal poverty of Eastern Germany most eloquently\nof economic progress is private rather than government\ndemonstrates the superiority of a free society over the\nenterprise.\nCommunist system.\nI say this fully recognizing that there has been and is\nWe believe that free men in the long run will out-\nan important place for government action. Ever since the\nplan and out-produce a slave economy But we cannot\nwar, the U.S. government has conducted the most enor-\nignore the fact that a dictator state can in the short\nmous peace-time banking operation in the history of\nrun achieve spectacular results by concentrating its full\ngovernment finance. The total of our grants and loans\npower in any given direction.\nabroad in that period is nearly 60 billion dollars.\nThis is particularly true in view of the fact that the\nBut government capital is in a sense crisis capital.\nCommunists are concentrating their efforts on the newly-\nHowever, we must recognize that government aid can-\ndeveloping countries of Asia and Africa. These people\nnot possibly meet the problem with which we are con-\nare now in revolution, not a political revolt, but a world\nfronted.\nThe only source of investment funds that\nrevolution of people's expectations.\ncan be greatly expanded is private capital.\nIn the course of this revolution, the steel mill and the\nThere are limits to what government can do. There is\npartly the limit imposed by budgetary problems. But\nabove all there is the limit imposed by our conviction that\nfree private enterprise is the preferable medium for aid\nfor the newly-developing countries.\nThere are certain things which the United States can\ndo, that the governments of countries in which money is\nto be invested can do, and that American businessmen\nU S. Vice President\nRichard M. Nixon ad-\ndresses the I.I.D.C. ban-\nquet; (right) part of\nthe banquet audience.\nEl Vicepresidente Richard\nM. Nixon habla en el\nbanquete de la C.F.I.I.;\nFINTERNATIONAL\nINDUSTRIAL:\nderecha: una parte de la\nCONFERENCE\nconcurrencia al banquete.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nabroad can do to stimulate the increase in foreign invest-\ncannot satisfy the borrowing requirements of the Export-\nment the world needs.\nImport Bank.\nLet us consider what steps the capital deficit nations\nWe should initiate, through international organizations\ncan take.\nThere must be at the outset recognition of\nsuch as the World Bank, studies which could examine the\nthe fact that the world shortage of capital which evi-\nfeasibility of setting up a privately-operated international\ndences itself in rising interest rates has forced a sharp\ninvestment guarantee fund.\nmeasure of competition for the capital which is available\nBecause trade is the great generator and vehicle of the\nfor foreign investment. Any government that is serious\ncapital the world so badly needs, the [U.S.] Reciprocal\nabout wanting private capital will necessarily enter this\nTrade Agreements Act should be extended for at least\ncompetition. It can set the conditions which will either\nfive years when it comes up for renewal in the next ses-\ninduce that capital to flow or stop it cold.\nsion of Congress. This action would demonstrate perma-\nLet me give an example. Whatever one may think of\nnent and expanding interest of the U.S. in world trade.\nPremier Nasser's right to \"Egyptianize\" the Suez Canal-\nWhether in order to get paid for our exports, or to get a\nand our Government has not disputed his right-it can-\nreturn on our investments, or simply to assure ourselves\nnot be denied that he made Egypt less attractive to new\nof the most economical source of raw materials, the U.S.\ncapital than it was before. In contrast we see the results\nmust become an ever larger importer. The Reciprocal\nin countries like the Netherlands, Northern Ireland,\nTrade Agreements Act is our best assurance that these\nMexico or our own independent Commonwealth of Puerto\nimports will be accessible to us on a fair and non-\nRico, where the governments\ndiscriminatory basis.\nhave set up active and effi-\nFor the same reason we should complete our member-\ncient bureaus and hospitable\nship in the Organization for Trade Coöperation. This or-\npolicies to promote and wel-\nganization, which the U.S. helped to found, is a place\ncome foreign capital, and as\nwhere the established system of multilateral tariff bargain-\na result are getting more of\ning and the rules of trade reciprocity can be recorded\nit than ever before.\nand systematized.\nLet us now see what the\nWe should pass legislation, long since recommended by\nGovernment of the United\nthe President, to simplify certain antiquated and unjust\nStates can and should do to\nmethods of valuation in our customs procedures.\nNelson Rockefeller, Presi-\nencourage private investment\ndent of The International\nabroad.\n[Private investors'] oper-\nations must be based first of\nBasic Economy Corpora-\nThe economic sections of\nall on the twentieth century\ntion, was a key speaker.\nour embassies abroad should\nprinciple that the primary\nNelson Rockefeller, Presi-\nbe upgraded and strength-\npurpose of foreign invest-\ndente de la International\nened both in quantity and\nment is to create new wealth\nBasic Economy Corporation,\nquality\nrather than to exploit a\npronunciando su discurso.\nWhen tax revision becomes\nnewly-developing country\nfeasible, the Congress should pass a tax reform which\nAmerican personnal abroad\nthe President has twice urged. He would extend to in-\nshould always be trained to\nvestors in other parts of the world the 14-point income\nbe Ambassadors of good will\ntax credit for which Western Hemisphere trade corpor-\nas well as competent tech-\nations are already eligible.\nnicians.\nThe Congress should also consider the feasibility of\nThe training of foreign\npassing a tax reform similar to one adopted by the United\nnationals to assume man-\nKingdom a few months ago. This would defer U.S. taxes\nagerial as well as subordinate\non income and profits earned entirely abroad until they\nresponsibilities should be\nare actually paid in dividends to the stockholder or the\ngiven top priority\nparent company\nI would not suggest that\nRobert R. Bottome, invest-\nWe should channel more of our governmental financial\nthese proposals I have rec-\nment banker in Venezuela.\noperations abroad through private investors and enter-\nommended are all inclusive.\nprisers, U.S. and foreign. Specifically, Congress could\nRobert R. Bottome, banquero\nrequire-instead of permitting as at present-that at least\nBut the adoption of such a\ninversionista de Venezuela.\n25 percent of the foreign currencies we now acquire under\nprogram could provide the\nnecessary stimulus for a\nour agricultural aid program be made available for loans\nto U.S. business in those countries.\ndramatic expansion of private investment and trade\nthroughout the world.\nThe new 300-million-dollar developmental fund should\nbe set up in such a way that in its administration and\nThe world of tomorrow is in our hands.\npolicies it does not become merely a pale carbon copy\nThe very fact that this Conference is being held pro-\nof either the Export-Import Bank or the [International\nclaims to the world that the forces of freedom have the\nCoöperation Administration] Its primary purpose\nstrength, the vitality and the determination to win the\nshould be to channel funds into private enterprises which\ngreat struggle for the world.\n8\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nLa ayuda gubernamental no soluciona todo\nEl Vicepresidente Richard Nixon declaro en la Conferencia de Fomento Industrial\nInternacional, de San Francisco, que la empresa privada es la fuente mas productiva\nde progreso economico. He aquí algunos de los puntos sobresalientes de su discurso:\nEs UN HONOR para mi traer un saludo del Presidente de\nengañosa. Pero si tiene éxito en extender el régimen\nlos Estados Unidos a los representantes de las 62 naciones\ncomunista por Africa y Asia, el Kremlin habrá asegurado\nque asisten a esta histórica conferencia.\nsu victoria en la lucha por el mundo entonces contro-\nNo podríamos cometer peor error que desdeñar (el\nlará la inmensa riqueza petrolífera, de uranio, cobre y\nsatélite soviético) como una hazaña cientifica de mas\nmuchas otras materias primas de esos territorios, esen-\nimportancia para el hombre de la luna que para el\nciales para la vida económica del mundo libre. Y el\nhombre de la tierra.\nmundo occidental se verá obligado a rendirse sin disparar\nEl mismo señor Khrushchev ha declarado que los comu-\nun sólo tiro.\nnistas prefieren lograr sus objetivos de dominación mun-\nTengo fé en que podemos hacer frente y salir airosos\ndial por métodos diferentes al conflicto militar Esto no\nde este reto, sièmpre y cuando que basemos nuestra polí-\nquiere decir que debemos ignorar la inmensa amenaza\ntica en el principio fundamental que es la fuerza genera-\nmilitar que significa el poderío ruso. Significa que debe-\ndora de esta conferencia-el reconocimiento de que la\nmos estar preparados a una ofensiva económica general\nfuente mas productiva de progreso económico es la em-\ncomunista que trata de ganarse la lealtad de cientos de\npresa privada y no la gubernamental.\nmillones de personas del mundo neutral, e inclusive la de\nDigo esto dándome perfecta cuenta de que ha habido y\nalgunos de los del mundo libre.\nexiste lugar importante para la acción por parte del\nAfortunadamente, en cuanto se refiere al ciudadano\ngobierno. Desde la guerra, el gobierno de los Estados\ncomún, la ventaja está de nuestro lado y no del de ellos.\nUnidos ha realizado la mas grande operación bancaria\nEl contraste entre la prosperidad sin precedente de Ale-\nde tiempo de paz en la historia de la financiación guberna-\nmania Occidental y la desalentadora pobreza de Alemania\nmental. El total de nuestros donativos y préstamos al\nOriental, demuestra de modo elocuente la superioridad de\nexterior en ese período llega a casi 60.000 millones de\nuna sociedad libre sobre el sistema comunista.\ndólares.\nCreemos que a la larga el hombre libre ganará en efi-\nPero el capital del gobierno es, en cierto modo, capital\nciencia y superará en producción a una economía esclava.\nde tiempo de crisis.\nPero no podemos ignorar el hecho de que un estado dicta-\nSin embargo, debemos reconocer que la ayuda del\ntorial puede lograr en poco tiempo resultados especta-\ngobierno no puede hacer frente al problema a que esta-\nculares al concentrar todos sus recursos en determinada\nmos encarados la única fuente de fondos para inver-\ndirección.\nsiones que puede ser grandemente ampliada es la del\nEsto es cierto especialmente en vista del hecho de que\ncapital privado.\nlos comunistas están concentrando sus esfuerzos en los\nHay límites para lo que el gobierno puede hacer Existe\nnuevos países de Asia y Africa que comienzan a desarro-\nparcialmente aquel de los problemas presupuestarios. Pero\nllarse. Estos pueblos están actualmente en revolución, no\npor sobre todo, está el de nuestra convicción de que la\nen revuelta política, sino en la revolución mundial de la\nempresa privada libre es el medio preferido para ayudar\nesperanza de los pueblos.\na los países que están comenzando a desarrollarse.\nEn el curso de ésta, las acerías y las plantas hidroeléc-\nHay ciertas cosas que los Estados Unidos pueden hacer;\ntricas han llegado a ser mas que necesidades económicas.\nciertas que pueden hacer los gobiernos de las naciones\nSe han convertido en símbolo de orgullo y esperanza de\nen las que se va a invertir el dinero; y ciertas que pueden\nlas naciones.\nhacer los hombres de negocios norteamericanos en el exte-\nEl mundo comunista está dispuesto a prometer que\nrior para estimular el flujo del capital extranjero que\nayudará a hacer realidad esas esperanzas. Lo hará pese\nnecesita el mundo.\nal bajísimo nivel de vida en que vive.\nConsideremos qué medidas pueden tomar las naciones\nSabemos, por supuesto, que tal ayuda será corta y\nque\nnecesitan\ncapital.\nDesde un principio se debe\nIzq.-der.: Hermann J. Abs, Gerente\ndel Deutsche Bank, de Francfort,\nAlemania Occidental; Miguel Cua-\nderno, Director del Banco Central\nde las Filipinas, Manila; Marcus\nWallenberg, Presidente del Enskilda\nBank de Estocolmo; Walther Mo-\nreira Salles, Gerente del Banco\nMoreira Salles S.A., São Paulo, Brasil.\nFrom left, Hermann J. Abs, Direc-\ntor of the Deutsche Bank, Frank-\nfurt, West Germany: Miguel\nCuaderno, Governor of the Central\nBank of the Philippines, Manila;\nMarcus Wallenberg, President of\nthe Stockholm (Sweden) Enskilda\nBank; Walther Moreira Salles,\nDirector of the Banco Moreira\nSalles S.A., São Paulo, Brazil.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nSala de la Directiva del Banco de América, donde unos\ndelegados hablaron sobre inversiones en el exterior.\nThe Board Room of the Bank of America, where\nbusinessmen talked of overseas investments.\nción y política no se convierta únicamente en un pálido\nreflejo del Banco de Exportación e Importación o de la\n(Administración de Cooperación Internacional) su\nobjetivo primordial debe ser proporcionar fondos a las\nempresas privadas que no pueden satisfacer los requisitos\nreconocer el hecho de que la escasez mundial de capital,\nde préstamo del Banco de Exportación e Importación.\nque se manifiesta en los crecientes tipos de interés, ha\nDebemos iniciar estudios, por intermedio de organiza-\nhecho surgir una fuerte competencia por el capital dispo-\nciones internacionales, como el Banco Mundial, que exami-\nnible para inversión en el exterior Cualquier gobierno\nnen la posibilidad de establecer un fondo de garantía, de\nque piense seriamente en conseguir capital privado, nece-\ncaracter privado, para las inversiones internacionales.\nsariamente entrará en esta competencia. Puede fijar las\nYa que el comercio es el gran generador y vehículo del\ncondiciones que bien animen el flujo de ese capital 0\ncapital que tanto necesita el mundo, la ley norteamericana\nlo detengan.\nde Acuerdos Recíprocos de Comercio, debe ser prorrogada\nPongamos un ejemplo: Piénsese lo que se quiera del\npor lo menos por cinco años, cuando ésta sea presentada\nderecho del Presidente del Consejo de Ministros Nasser\nde \"egipcianizar\" el Canal de Suez-y este es un derecho\npara su renovación en la próxima sesión del Congreso.\nque nuestro gobierno no ha discutido-no se puede negar\nEsta medida demostraría el permanente y creciente\nque hizo a Egipto menos atractivo que antes para la inver-\ninterés de los Estados Unidos en el comercio mundial.\nsión de nuevo capital. En contraste, vemos los resultados\nLos Estados Unidos deben convertirse en mayor exporta-\nen países como Holanda, Irlanda del Norte, Méjico 0\ndor, bien sea con el objeto de que se nos pague por\nnuestro independiente Estado Asociado de Puerto Rico,\nnuestras exportaciones, de obtener beneficio de nuestras\nen donde los gobiernos han creado organismos activos y\ninversiones, o simplemente de asegurar la fuente mas\neficaces y han adoptado políticas hospitalarias para fo-\neconómica de materias primas. La ley de Acuerdos de\nmentar y recibir de buen grado el capital extranjero y\nComercio Recíproco es nuestra mejor seguridad de que\ncomo resultado lo están consiguiendo en mayor cantidad\ntendremos acceso a tales importaciones sobre bases justas\nque antes.\ny sin discriminación.\nVeamos ahora que puede y debe hacer el gobierno de\nPor esta misma razón debemos ratificar nuestra calidad\nlos Estados Unidos para fomentar la inversión privada en\nde miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación\nel exterior\nComercial. Esta organización, que los Estados Unidos\nLas secciones económicas de nuestras embajadas deben\nayudaron a fundar, es donde se pueden registrar y regla-\nser fortalecidas tanto en cantidad como en calidad.\nmentar el sistema de negociación multilateral de aranceles\ny los códigos de reciprocidad del intercambio comercial.\nCuando sea factible la revisión de los impuestos, el\nDeberíamos aprobar una ley, que desde hace tiempo\nCongreso debería aprobar la reforma tributaria que en\ndos ocasiones ha solicitado el Presidente. Con ello se\nviene recomendando el Presidente, para simplificar ciertos\nmétodos anticuados e injustos de fijación de nuestros\nharía partícipe a los inversionistas de otras partes del\naranceles.\nmundo del crédito de 14 puntos al impuesto sobre la renta,\na lo cual ya tienen derecho las compañías comerciales del\nLas operaciones (de los inversionistas privados) deben\nHemisferio Occidental.\nestar basadas, primero que todo, en el principio del siglo\nEl Congreso debería considerar la posibilidad de\nXX de que el objetivo principal de la inversión extranjera\naprobar una reforma tributaria similar a la adoptada por\nes crear nueva riqueza, en lugar de explotar un país que\ncomienza a desarrollarse.\nel Reino Unido hace unos pocos meses. Con esto se\ndiferirían los impuestos que cobran los Estados Unidos\nEl personal norteamericano en el exterior debe ser\npor renta y utilidades percibidas totalmente en el exterior,\nsiempre entrenado para que sean embajadores de buena\nhasta tanto fueran pagadas en dividendos a los accionistas\nvoluntad, así como también técnicos competentes.\no a la compañía matriz.\nSe debe dar gran prioridad al entrenamiento de extran-\nDeberíamos encauzar mas nuestras operaciones finan-\njeros para que asuman las responsabilidades tanto de los\ncieras gubernamentales en el exterior por conducto de\ncargos directivos como de los subordinados.\ninversionistas y empresas privadas, tanto norteamericanos\nNo quiero insinuar que todas las proposiciones que he\ncomo extranjeros.\nhecho tengan que ser adoptadas. Pero la aplicación de un\nEspecialmente el Congreso podría exigir (en lugar de\nprograma tal, podría suministrar el estímulo necesario\npermitir como actualmente lo hace) que por lo menos el\npara una dramática expansión de la inversión privada y\n25 por ciento de las divisas que ahora recibimos de\nel intercambio comercial en todo el mundo.\nacuerdo con nuestro programa de ayuda agrícola, fueran\nEl mundo del mañana está en nuestras manos.\npuestas a disposición para préstamos a las empresas norte-\nEl hecho mismo de que esta conferencia se esté reali-\namericanas en esos países.\nzando, indica al mundo que las fuerzas de la libertad\nEl nuevo fondo para desarrollo, de 300 millones de\ntienen la fortaleza, la vitalidad y la firmeza de ganar la\ndólares, debe ser establecido en tal forma que su direc-\ngran batalla por el mundo.\n10\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nProposed Lead-Zinc Curbs\nWould Injure Hemisphere Economy\nThe United States Tariff Commission recently\nIn 1956, for example, Peru's exports of lead and zinc\nconducted hearings in Washington, D. C., on pro-\nto the U.S. amounted to $36 million, representing 31 per-\nposals to increase the rates of duty on lead and\ncent of her total exports to the U.S.\nzinc and to impose import quotas on these two\nPeru is a significant importer of U S. manufactured\nmetals. Its decision is expected shortly.\ngoods and agricultural products. In fact, during the past\nThe opposition of W. R. Grace & Co. to such\nfour years Peru purchased more from the U.S. than she\nmeasures was expressed in a statement submitted\nto the Commission by James H. Stebbins, Execu-\nsold to our country, as demonstrated by the following\ntive Vice President.\ntable:\nMr. Stebbins previously testified against efforts\nPERU'S TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES\nto place an excise tax on lead and zinc imports\n(millions of dollars)\nbefore the Senate Finance Committee and the\n1953\n1954\n1955\n1956\nHouse Ways and Means Committee. Excerpts from\nhis statement to the Tariff Commission follow:\nIMPORTS\n119\n98\n120\n159\nEXPORTS\n87\n97\n111\n134\nIN ITS APPLICATION to the Tariff Commission, the Emer-\n32\n1\n9\n25\ngency Lead-Zinc Committee requested that maximum\n(Excess of Peruvian imports\nrates of duty legally permissible be imposed on imports\nfrom the U.S. over exports to U.S.)\nof lead and zinc and proposed establishment of a system\nSOURCE: Foreign Commerce Weekly, August 5, 1957,\nof import quotas on these two metals.\nDepartment of Commerce\nW R. Grace & Co. wishes to express its opposition to\nThis friendly country prefers to buy American goods\neither course of action on grounds they would be seri-\nand last year purchased 50 percent of her total imports\nously detrimental to the national interests of the United\nfrom the U S. Any reduction in her ability to earn dollar\nStates.\nexchange would tend to cut down her imports from the\nOur opposition is based not only upon our century-long\nU.S. and would therefore be harmful to American\nbusiness association with the Latin American countries\ninterests.\nbut also upon our belief that the over-all interests of the\nAn import quota system would directly affect the U.S.\nU.S. require a stable trade policy and an increasing\nmaritime industry, since imports of lead and zinc from\nforeign trade.\nsome foreign suppliers are waterborne to this country\nWhile our activities are highly diversified, I would\nAn import quota system, as proposed by the Emergency\npoint out that we do not own or operate any lead or zinc\nLead-Zinc Committee, would materially reduce [the] ex-\nmines in Latin America.\nports of these two metals to the U.S. and consequently\nWe believe very strongly that the proposals now before\ncargo carried by American shipping companies.\nthe Tariff Commission are unwise for the following\nPeru is a significant supplier of lead and zinc to the\nreasons:\nU.S. where domestic production is clearly insufficient to\nmeet domestic consumption needs.\nIt is therefore in\n1) They would be harmful to American interests.\nthe national interest of the U.S. to maintain foreign\n2) They would impair a needed source of supply\n3) They would seriously jeopardize U.S. relations\nwith Latin America.\nThe proposals of the Emergency Lead-Zinc Committee\nwould limit the exports of lead and zinc from Peru,\nMexico and other Latin American sources to the U.S.\nThis would result in an inevitable reduction of the pur-\nchases of these countries from the U S. since they depend\nupon dollar revenues from their exports to the U.S. to\nfinance their imports from our country\nVital to Latin American economies are\nthe zinc and lead of Peru and other\ncountries, whose mines require modern\nmachinery, most of it made in the U.S.\nVitales para la economía Latinoamericana\nson el cinc y el plomo del Perú y de otros\npaíses cuyas minas necesitan de maquinaria\nmoderna, gran parte de la cual es hecha en\nlos Estados Unidos.\n11\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nRailroad, dock and ship workers are\namong the thousands of persons in the\nAmericas who also benefit from the\nexport of our neighbors' mineral wealth.\nLos ferroviarios, estibadores y marineros\nhacen parte de los miles de personas de las\nAméricas, que también se benefician con las\nexportaciones de la riqueza mineral de\nnuestros vecinos.\nThe confidence and friendship of the Latin American\ncountries is of vital importance to the U.S. militarily,\npolitically and economically and if we are to keep that\nconfidence and friendship the U.S. must not change its\ntrade policy in line with the fluctuations of the prices of\nSI\nlead and zinc and other materials which we import from\nthem.\nVariations in our trade policy produce results and reac-\ntions in Latin America in far greater proportion than the\nsources of supply, of which Peru is an important factor,\ndomestic economic ills they seek to remedy The reason\nactive and available.\nfor this is that the economies of the Latin American coun-\nWe should never lose sight of the fact that during\ntries are greatly dependent upon trade with the U.S. and\nWorld War II Peru and other Latin American sources of\nany significant or sudden shift in their trade relations\nlead and zinc were readily available to the U S. and in\nwith the United States seriously affects their balance of\nthe event of another emergency they will again be at the\npayments position, the extent of their imports from the\ndisposal of the U S., provided the mines are maintained\nU S. and the financing of their extensive economic\nin good working order. The Peruvian Mining Association\ndevelopment programs.\ncontends, and with good reason, that the proposals now\nThe Latin American countries are energetically striving\nbefore the Tariff Commission would work a serious hard-\nto develop their economies and raise living standards\nship on the lead and zinc mines in Peru. In fact, during\nwhich would eventually mean increased trade. They look\nthe past few months, a number of lead and zinc mines\nto the U $. for economic support and they realize that\nhave closed down, and 2,500 miners have been laid off in\nthey must share with American producers the good and\nPeru, demonstrating convincingly and emphatically that\nbad effects of price fluctuations. But they seriously ques-\nthe present low price for these metals, which is really the\ntion whether, as in the present case of lead and zinc, they\ncrux of the problem now before the Tariff Commission,\nshould suffer additional penalties in the form of higher\naffects not only U S. mines but Peruvian and other\ntariffs and import quotas when prices are down.\nforeign mining enterprises equally and severely\nWhile we feel that the present proposals are unwise\nThe Committee's proposals can not be considered solely\nbecause they would harm American interests, seriously\nin the context of the present unfavorable situation in\nimpair a needed source of supply and adversely affect\nwhich the domestic lead and zinc miners find themselves,\nU.S. relations with Latin America, we do not mean to\nbecause this matter is being watched very carefully\nsuggest that some form of relief should not be provided\nthroughout all of Latin America as a matter of hemisphere\nto the domestic lead and zinc mining industry There are\nconcern. The Latin American nations are united in their\nother measures which could be considered as alternatives\nfirm belief that one of their major economic requirements\nsuch as continuation of the stockpiling program or resort\nis a stable trade policy with the U S. Approval of these\nto outright subsidies, both of which, we acknowledge,\nproposals, in their minds, would mean that similar meas-\npresent drawbacks. But we do believe that the advan-\nures might be taken against other strategic raw materials\ntages, alleged to be gained by an increased tariff and an\nwhich they supply to us, and that the U.S. favors friendly\nimport quota system, would be outweighed by the detri-\ntrade when it is to its advantage to do so only to abandon\nmental effects they would have on the national interests\nthis policy when it becomes inconvenient.\nof the U.S.\nAN 'UNWISE' PROPOSAL\nA rise in tariff rates that greatly harms other coun-\ncent of Peru's gross national product, whereas the\ntries and provides little benefit to the United States\ndomestic industry accounted for only 0.064 per cent\nis obviously unwise. This is the case with lead and\nof the United States gross national product. Senator\nzinc. The Tariff Commission has just heard argu-\nEdgardo Portaro, speaking for the Peruvian Mining\nments aimed at raising the rates on these commodi-\nAssociation, said a tariff rise \"would not only dis-\nties. If this is done, Canada, Mexico and Peru will\nconcert our people but also disillusion them in the\nbe hurt. So will our relations with them. So will the\nideals of Americanism.\"\nAmerican exporters who are paid with the proceeds\nIt would certainly do that. Latin-American coun-\nof the sales of imported lead and zinc, and SO will\ntries (and Canada, too) are dependent on trade with\nthe American investors who either control or are\nthe United States. Economic nationalism and anti-\nheavily involved in the lead and zinc mining indus-\nYankeeism are strong forces in Latin America. They\ntries of the three countries named.\nfeed on just such short-sighted policies as an increase\nPeru is an especially good example. Fifteen per\nin lead and zinc tariffs would represent.\ncent of her foreign earnings in 1956 came from\nThe arguments against the increase for these two\nexports of lead and zinc. Robert P Koenig, president\ncommodities are powerful and persuasive. The Tariff\nof Cerro de Pasco Corporation, an American enter-\nCommission is in a position to refuse to recommend\nprise which is the principal producer of lead and\nthe increase. It should do so, in the best interest of\n12\nzinc in Peru, testified before the Tariff Commission in\nthe country.\nWashington on Monday. He pointed out that produc-\n-Editorial, The New York Times,\ntion of lead and zinc in Peru accounted for 4.5 per\nNovember 27, 1957\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nVINYL\nwas the password\nwhen\nPAINT\nmoved\nindoors\nB\nARELY A DECADE AGO, homeowners considered paint\nan \"outdoor\" product. While it beautified neighborhoods\nand protected homes against Nature's destructive forces,\nBy ROGER KAUFMAN\nits odor in confined areas was discomforting and often\ndangerous. Oily and sticky, it required days of drying.\nBut today's paint is one of the most economical, efficient\nproducts in home decorating. The story of its transition\ninto the highly adaptable product it is today is a glowing\naccount of chemical research and development.\nparticle dispersions\nthe homogeneous suspension of\nNEW SYNTHETIC RUBBER BASE HELPED\nparticles in liquid state. Having earlier developed several\nformulations of polyvinyl acetate, another fine particle\nUntil 1949, only oil bases, such as linseed, soya bean\ndispersion, for adhesives, Dewey and Almy came up\nand chinawood oils, had been used in manufacturing\nwith a vinyl plastic base for paint one that was free of\npaint. But that year a synthetic rubber paint base\nthe degenerative effects of oxidation. This vastly improved\nwas developed. Rubber in its liquid state, traditionally\npaint base was introduced commercially in 1953. Dewey\nreferred to as \"latex,\" is a dispersion of fine particles sus-\nand Almy christened it Everflex.\npended in water The new paint was virtually odorless,\nand plain tap water was used as a thinning agent. This\nMASTER STROKE IN MODERN PAINTING\n\"miracle paint\" could be rolled onto walls by youngsters.\nWhat is added when tough, flexible vinyl plastic (poly-\nIt dried rapidly with a hard film. Spatterings could be\nvinyl acetate copolymer) becomes the base of paint? As\nwashed away with soap and water So it seemed that\ndoes the newest raincoat material that \"breathes\" air\nall the problems had been solved virtually overnight.\nbut sheds water, Everflex paint lets moisture harmlessly\nwork through its film without blistering it, while it is\nNOW VINYL IS THE FINAL TOUCH\nimpervious to repeated washings and scrubbings. Ever-\nYet once both oil- and water-based paints are spread\nflex may be applied to \"green\" plaster, and because of\nacross a surface, oxidation commences. In oil-based\nits adhesive strength, it needs no primer Spreading\npaints, the hardening of the film is an immediate result\neasily, it flows to a uniform surface that dries in 30\nof oxidation. But the process continues, resulting in\nminutes. It will not show touch-up marks and it has no\neventual surface breakdown. Also, the solid film often\nafter-drying odor. Its dead-velvet-flat finish may be\ntrapped subsurface moisture, causing blisters. Oxidation\nscrubbed for years without breaking down. A damp cloth\nis slower in rubber-based paints, but its gradual effects\nor water cleans brushes, rollers and drippings.\nare displayed in cracking and discoloration of the paint\nJust this October, Dewey and Almy announced still an-\nfilm, just as tires and garden hoses deteriorate with age\nother major \"breakthrough\" in the chemical industry By\nand seem to \"rot\" when subjected to the oxidizing powers\neliminating the emulsifier in the vinyl base, it has com-\nof the air.\npletely eradicated the paint's sensitivity to water stain-\nMovement into paint research was a normal trend for\ning. Today, Dewey and Almy supplies its Everflex vinyl\nW R. Grace & Co.'s Dewey and Almy Chemical Company\npaint base to over 50 leading manufacturers.\nDivision. Since its founding in 1919, Dewey and Almy's\nWith\nits\nplant reactors brewing vinyl around the\nchemists have been especially active in the field of fine\nclock, and with its Everflex the recognized paint industry\nstandard, Grace's Dewey and Almy Chemical Division\nis supplying paint-minded homeowners with the newest,\nmost efficient product on the market today\nTest panels at Dewey and Almy's laboratories\nshow how escaping moisture blisters traditional\noil paint (left), but vinyl paint allows moisture\nto pass through without blistering the surface.\nEn estos tableros en los Laboratorios Dewey y\nAlmy se ve como la humedad ampolla la pintura\nal óleo (izq.). La pintura con vinyl permite que la\nhumedad ventajosamente pase sin formar ampollas.\n13\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\n(Left) \"Christ of the Andes\", on a\n14,000-foot mountain pass, watches\nover Argentina and Chile. (Below)\nSchool of Law, University of Chile.\n(Izquierda) El \"Cristo de los Andes,\"\nlevantado a 4.267 metros, vigila a la\nArgentina y Chile. (Abajo) Escuela de\nDerecho de la Universidad de Chile.\n(Below) At the world famous resort of Viña del Mar,\n(Abajo) En el mundialmente famoso balneario de Viña\nChile's wines\nabout two hours' drive from Santiago, the Casino is\ndel Mar a solo dos horas de viaje de Santiago, el Casino\nmajor export.\nthe Monte Carlo of the Western Hemisphere. (Center)\nes el Monte Carlo del Hemisferio Occidental. (Centro)\nyards in the\nThe beautiful Chilean shoreline rivals that of the\nLa bella costa de Chile rivaliza con la de la Riviera\nvisitors admir\nFrench Riviera; view of Cape Ducal.\nFrancesa; una vista del Cabo Ducal.\ndisplay\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\n(Right) A cosmopolitan Santiago boulevard stretches\ntoward the snow-capped Andes. (Below) Punta Arenas,\nworld's southernmost city, on the Straits of Magellan.\n(Derecha) Una cosmopolita avenida de Santiago se prolonga\nhacia los nevados Andes. (Abajo) Punta Arenas, la ciudad\nmas austral del mundo, frente al Estrecho de Magallanes.\nAll Its Splendor\nare world famous and a\nEl vino de Chile, famoso en el mundo, es\nThese colorful \"huasos\" (below),\nAt one of the many vine-\nuna de sus principales exportaciones.\nas Chilean cowboys are known, are\nChilean lowlands (below)\n(Abajo) Los visitantes admiran la abundante\namong the world's best horsemen.\ne a bumper crop of grapes\ncosecha de uvas exhibida por el capataz en\ned by the foreman.\nuno de los muchos viñedos.\n(Abajo) Típicos \"huasos\", vaqueros\nchilenos, son reconocidos como unos\nde los mejores jinetes del mundo.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nGrace Line\nWizardry to the\nPicture shows (on left) the card read-\ning-punching machine; (at rear) the\ntape drive; (in front) the report printer.\nIzquierda: perfora-lectora de tarjetas;\natrás: guía de cinta; frente: impresor.\nAs\nS\nYOUR ELEVATOR whisks you by the third floor of 3\nIt can all be done in a matter of minutes. Yet the\nHanover Square, your eye may be caught by the unusual\nmachine is not a \"brain\"; it must have human brains,\nsight of a battery of futuristic-looking machines behind\nand hands, directing it-and the information fed into\na long observation window This fleeting glance gives\nthe \"650\" must be accurate.\na hint of Grace Line's progressive approach to solving\nVital cargo and revenue statistics will be produced in\nthe innumerable daily problems of an industry long con-\nas few as six days, compared to the six weeks necessary\nsidered one of the most tradition-bound in its accounting\nearlier\npractices.\nWithin 48 hours after a ship sails, the machine will be\nThe observation window offers a sight of a meticulously\nable to compute whether the voyage will result in maxi-\ntidy and pleasing room in gay decorator colors in which\nmum profits, and this in time to reroute the return voyage\nare installed, rectangular and silver-gray, the various\nto a more profitable schedule. The computer can simu-\ncomponents of the new high-speed computing unit known\nlate the company's activities by projecting ten years of\nas the IBM Tape 650 Electronic Data Processing System\nprobable experience under a given set of conditions in\nthat Grace Line has recently installed. The new automa-\nbarely 20 minutes.\ntion system replaces the IBM type 607 electronic calcu-\nThis machine marvel will process freight bills rapidly\nlators with which the Company earlier established itself\nIt will prepare labor-cost-distribution analyses involving\nas a shipping industry pioneer in the use of electronic\nthousands of terminal employees and 288 job categories\ncalculating equipment.\nin a mere fraction of the time previously needed, from the\nNothing less than this latest in the world of business\nmoment the longshoremen prepared job tickets until the\nautomation would do to provide the facts needed by Lewis\nfinished report appeared on a Vice President's desk. In\nA. Lapham, President of Grace Line, and his forward-\n45 minutes, the system computes the weekly wages and\nthinking collaborators in mapping out their multi-million\nprints checks for 3,000 longshoremen-an operation that\ndollar replacement program that will keep Grace Line in\nformerly took 14 man-hours.\nthe forefront of the world's shipping industry\nEventually, this giant will get into high-speed compu-\nOperating on some of the longest cargo runs in the\ntational research-studies showing management where it\nworld, under the most varied conditions, among several\ncan maximize profit and minimize cost, and thus produce\nscore ports in 15 countries and carrying an immense di-\ndata that the human brain could not evolve until the in-\nversity of cargo from perishable bananas to corrosive\nformation would be virtually useless.\nores, from aromatic coffee to streamlined limousines,\nTo get the personnel to operate these lightning-fast\nfrom pins to 80-ton locomotives, Grace Line will now be\ncalculating giants, Grace Line sought no farther afield\nable to learn in minutes what formerly took days, weeks\nthan its own ranks. Based on a test, the \"Electronic\nand even months of calculating and figuring.\nIt can get extremely rapid answers to such questions\nas these: What tonnages of what commodities may be ex-\npected to move in the next six months? Will a certain\nvoyage be profitable? How should a ship be rerouted,\nafter sailing, to realize the maximum profits? How can\nlabor and material requirements be accurately predicted\nfor more than six months ahead? How can Grace Line\nunder a set of given conditions forecast as much as ten\nyears of probable experience?\n16\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nBy DOROTHY HINZ\nBrings Electronic\nSteamship Industry\nCENTRAL\nINPUT\nOUTPUT\nPROCESSING UNIT\nUNITS\nUNITS\nData Processing Machine Programmer Aptitude Examina-\nARITHMETIC\ntion,\" given to more than 200 applicants from the Line,\nCIRCUITRY\nsix were chosen, including a stevedore, a Passenger De-\npartment employee, the supervisor of the Estimating De-\npartment, a lawyer, an accounting clerk and a corporal\nMAGNETIC TAPE\nMAGNETIC TAPE\nDATA AND\nPROCESSED\nright out of the Army who had worked on guided missile\nCONSTANTS\nDATA\nprograms. These figure-experts prepare the detailed in-\nstructions, or \"programs,\" for the \"650\" and code them\non cards that can be read directly into the machine.\nMAGNETIC\nThe specially air-conditioned chamber holding the fan-\nCORE\nMAGNETIC TAPE\ntastic-and delicate-machinery is equipped with various\nSTORAGE\nalarms that signal if the working temperature and humid-\nity drop or rise beyond the normal tolerance for efficient\nMagnetic \"PIGEON HOLES\"\nIBM CARDS\noperation. In fact, the observation window has the main\nMAGNETIC\npurpose of allowing the curious to watch the electronic\nDRUM\nmarvels in action, without disturbing the atmosphere in\nSTORAGE\nthe room.\n12,500 r.p.m.\nAlong the light-studded face of the central processing\nunit, or console, scores of twinkling orange sparks ripple\nlike waves of thought. The electrical impulses of the\nIBM CARDS\nPRINTED REPORTS\n\"650\" move over its wire \"nerves\" at the rate of thou-\nsands of miles per second; in our bodies, nervous im-\nControl circuitry.\nDecodes instructions\npulses travel at a maximum rate of 300 feet per second.\nIt is no trick at all for the \"650\" to do 78,000 additions\nand directs processing\nor subtractions per minute. In one second it can divide\nTypical application of\nIBM 650 Tape EDP System\na 60-digit number by a 20-digit figure and arrive at a\nten-digit quotient.\nThe machine's \"memory\" is an ingenious magnetic\ndrum that can store up to 20,000 digits on its surface.\nA supplementary memory unit, named \"Immediate Access\nStorage,\" has thousands of \"magnetic cores,\" each only\nslightly larger than the head of a pin. Electrical pulses\nchange the magnetic state of the cores, to make the mag-\nnetic patterns that stand for certain words or numbers.\nThe information thus stored as electrical charges can be\ntransmitted to the computing system in millionths of a\nsecond, to be processed at the rate of 2,300 logical opera-\n(Left) Working parts include magnetic drum, electronic cir-\ntions per second.\ncuitry; also shown is part of the console. (Above) Setting\nFour I.B.M. \"727\" magnetic tape units serve as \"stor-\nthe console and operating the reading-punching machine.\nage\" of vast amounts of necessary data. One reel of\nmagnetic tape has the capacity of 60,000 punch cards,\n(Izquierda) Tambor magnético, circuito electrónico, parte\nwhich stapled end to end would reach 37,500 feet high.\nde la unidad. (Arriba) De la izquierda a la derecha, se ve\nThe system produces answers in three ways-by print-\nel tablero de control y la máquina perfora-lectora.\ning, punching on cards or by storing them on the tapes\nat the rate of 15,000 characters per second.\nThus in cutting months, weeks and days of paper work\nto days, hours and minutes, Grace Line has made an aus-\npicious start in the age of automation.\n17\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nA\nLOT OF THE BIG ONES do not get away at Cabo Blanco.\nThe great billfish-black marlin, blue marlin, striped marlin and broadbill\nswordfish-and big-eyed tuna are much sought after at this comparatively new\ninternational fishing spot and resort in Peru. But many crack small varieties are\npursued, too, by visitors to the cape where South America has its farthest west\npoint in the Pacific Ocean, 250 miles south of the Equator The surf-casting also\nis unsurpassed.\nAs for some of the big ones, witness the day when Mrs. Maurice Meyer, Jr., of\nLong Branch, New Jersey, reeled in a 1,240-pound black marlin. Then Mr\nMeyer, in the same boat, caught a 1,200-pounder, and this on the same day.\nThere was also the day when Alfred C. Glassell, Jr., of Houston, Texas, boated\nthe record 1,560-pounder-a peak for all fish captured by rod and reel. Fisher-\nmen recall that day-August 4, 1953-as easily as baseball fans remember such\ndates as when home-run and consecutive-games-played records were made.\nThe World's Best Fishing\nCABO BLANCO\nIt is only at Cabo Blanco in all the world that sport\nfishermen have caught black marlin that weigh better than\n1,000 pounds. The old New Zealand record of 976 pounds\nhas been bettered 39 times since 1952; 36 of those catches\nhave topped 1,000 pounds. After the Cabo Blanco Fishing\nClub opened in 1952, the actual record was broken six\nhave not even been stopped for Dolphin, amberjacks,\ntimes within 18 months.\nsnook and bonita are among the other plentiful species.\nSix deep-sea rod and reel anglers have boated two\nIf Cabo Blanco sounds fantastic and fabulous, it is.\n\"blacks\" in one day, and Mr Glassell has done it twice.\nSince 1952, sport fishermen have been coming to it from\nThe Houston fisherman has other marks to his credit,\nall over the Western Hemisphere and such distant points\nincluding the first black marlin of more than 1,000\nas Hawaii, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and Eng-\npounds-a 1,025-pounder that was a record at that time.\nland. They use four completely-equipped boats, with twin\nBlack marlins are the glamourous part of the story\nengines, lookouts, gin poles and fighting and easy chairs—\nBut dozens of broadbill swordfish, the beautiful, fighting\nboats made to club members' specifications.\nbig-eyed tuna and roosterfish have been caught. The\nThis world's best deep-sea and surf fishing is caused by\nboated and landed striped marlin, Pacific sailfish, jacks,\nan ichthyological traffic jam, at the confluence of the warm\nmackerel, groupers and corvinas have been too numerous\nEquatorial Current sweeping down from the north and\nto mention or, for so abundant are the bigger fish, they\nthe cold Humboldt or Peru Current rushing up from the\nsouth. These join in a water highway out into the ocean\nright off Cabo Blanco. The big fish find this a superb\nfeeding area-so good that nowhere else in the world do\nblack and striped marlin and broadbill swordfish as well\nas big-eyed tuna run together\nThe International Game Fish Association credits Cabo\nSeymour Knox, III (left), of Buffalo, New York,\nwith his 320-pound big-eyed tuna, the world's\nbest tuna-family fighter; and the club's veran-\ndas and bedrooms, overlooking the Pacific.\nSeymour Knox III (izq.) de Buffalo, Nueva York,\ncon su atún ojón de 320 libras, el mas grande luchador\nde su especie; también las terrazas y los dormitorios\ndel Club con vista al Pacifico.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nBlanco members and guests with 11 world marks, includ-\nThe \"blacks\" are supposed to lie outside the cold\ning the ladies' black marlin record-a 1,525-pound fish.\nHumboldt Current and to dart in and out to feed. These\nThe world's heaviest big-eyed tuna weighed 435 pounds;\nfish are all headed north they travel alone and\nit was hooked at Cabo Blanco by Dr. James Lee of Palo\nmore are seen in the afternoon than in the morning.\nAlto, California. Tuna have been taken commercially over\nFrom October through June the most species are found,\n700 pounds.\nincluding the four major ones, and in July, August and\nThe I.G.F.A. records also show Cabo Blanco as the site\nSeptember the Peruvian winter - the black marlin,\nof the boating of the world's biggest roosterfish. The all-\nbroadbill swordfish and big-eyed tuna are most abundant.\ntackle titlist is Michael Barrenechea of Mexico City, with\nAnglers using the Cabo Blanco boats may not fish with\na 100-pounder\n3-thread line or line testing under 18 pounds. No black\nThe largest broadbill swordfish caught off Peru weighed\nmarlin fishing is allowed with line testing under 80 pounds\n687 pounds-naturally at Cabo Blanco.\nor less than the usual 24-thread.\nFour women are among the 30 persons in the Cabo\nMembers and guests reside in the new club house,\nBlanco \"Thousand Pound Club\" for black marlin; other\nwhich has accommodations for 20 persons. All bedrooms\nwomen have caught smaller ones. This club, by the way,\noverlook the ocean, and have private baths. The building,\nand its clubhouse and facilities have been given by 21\ndesigned by the great Peruvian architect José Alvarez\nCalderon has a broad terrace, a sundeck, a bar and a\ndining room, which features Peruvian shrimp and lobster,\nfresh Argentine meat and other delicacies. There is also\na superbly-equipped tackle room.\nCabo Blanco, sometimes called \"the Palm Springs of\nPeru\", offers more excellencies and nonpareils than fish-\ning. The varied bird life includes duck and wood pigeon\nshooting in season.\nA fine white sand beach enhances\n010\nLbs\nJuly3,1\nCAB\nBLANC\nJohn H. Duys, Jr. (left), and H. L. Woodward,\nboth of Havana, Cuba, and a 910-pound black\nmarlin caught by Mr. Woodward at Cabo Blanco.\nJohn H. Duys, hijo (izquierda), y H. L. Woodward,\nlos dos de La Habana, con un marlin negro de 910\nlibras pescado por Sr. Woodward en Cabo Blanco.\nyear-around swimming. The bathing waters at Cabo\nBlanco have no sharks, sting rays, jelly fish or Portuguese\nmen-of-war But harmless whales and manta rays, the\nlatter noted for spectacular leaps out of the water, are\ncommon well off shore.\nprominent sportsmen of the United States, Peru, Argen-\nNo fish ever hooked at Cabo Blanco has been mutilated\ntina, Brazil and Cuba for the fishermen of the world and\nor touched by a shark or any other fish.\nother persons who want the best saltwater fishing, surf-\nThirty-two miles and 50 minutes by automobile to the\ncasting, swimming, recreation and rest.\nsouth of the club is picturesque Talara, on the routes of\nThe boats rarely go out beyond five miles and never\nboth Grace Line and Panagra. Other colorful cities and\nmore than ten miles north or south. The black marlin,\ntowns are short motor trips away Golf and tennis may be\nstriped marlin, broadbill swordfish and Pacific sailfish are\nenjoyed at Talara and El Alto, through the courtesy of\nalmost always on the surface, so the bait may be put out\nInternational Petroleum and Lobitos Oil Company (Lobi-\nwhen the fish are sighted. The anglers often come in for\ntos provided the club site)\nlunch at the club and then go out again. Surf-casting is\nThus for many saltwater fishermen and others desiring\nusually a one-hour sport, or less, for a good catch.\na good rest, two words answer the question of where to\nTides and moon seem to have no effect. Fishing is best\ngo for the world's greatest deep-sea fishing and surf-cast-\nwhen the current is normal-good, clear and warm from\ning and, not unincidentally, to acquaint their families with\nthe north. Some wind also helps, by keeping the black\nthe sport. The words are \"Cabo Blanco\", the fish are\nmarlin on top.\njumping now and everyone is welcome.\nHOW TO REACH CABO BLANCO\nTo Cabo Blanco by air is an overnight journey,\nGrace Line ships touch at Talara, on the second\nat most, from virtually all Western Hemisphere\nTuesday following a Friday departure from New\ncities. For example, it is 12 hours' flying time via\nYork.\nPanagra from New York City to Talara, Peru,\nReservations at the Cabo Blanco Club may be\nonly 32 miles from Cabo Blanco. Automobiles take\nmade through S. Kip Farrington, Jr., 247 Park\nthe travelers to the Cabo Blanco Club.\nAvenue, New York 17, N.Y.\n19\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nEl Instituto\nEn el salón de las Primeras\nDamas, un maniquí exhibe un\nvestido usado por la señora de\nAbraham Lincoln cuando su\nSmithsoniano\nesposo era presidente de los\nEstados Unidos. También figuran\nen esta colección trajes de todas\nlas Primeras Damas que han\nvivido en la Casa Blanca.\nTesoro de historia\nIn the First Ladies Hall, a\nmannequin is clothed in a\ngown worn by Mrs. Abraham\ny de la vida diaria\nLincoln when her husband\nwas President of the United\nStates. Dresses of all other\nWhite House hostesses are\nalso shown in this collection.\nPor JOHN W. WHITE\nCUAL ES SU PASATIEMPO FAVORITO: Los fósiles? las\nforma compendiada, ya que a una persona le tomaría\nballenas? las estampillas? los aviones? las modas? el arte\n75 años únicamente para leer las breves tarjetas de\nclásico? las turbinas? la historia de la medicina?\ninformación que acompañan a los ejemplares.\nNombre cualquier cosa que es muy probable que de\nAsí que no es sorprendente que esta amplia variedad\nello tenga miles de ejemplares el Instituto Smithsoniano,\natraiga anualmente a unos cuatro millones de personas,\nde Washington.\ndesde niños de escuela, hasta investigadores particulares\nY es que generalmente es considerado el museo mas\nque visitan el grupo de edificios del Instituto (sin contar\ngrandioso del mundo. La última estadística oficial indica\ncon el Parque Zoológico Nacional)\nque hay 42.864.645 ejemplares. Faltan millones por ser\nclasificados y expuestos.\nSu fundador nunca visitó los Estados Unidos\nEntre los ejemplares exhibidos hay desde diminutos\nfósiles europeos, conocidos por el nombre de Foriminífera,\nEl objetivo del Instituto se remonta a su fundador\nhasta una ballena de 23.7 metros desde monedas\nquien nunca vió la tierra que su largueza benefició. Era\nantiguas hasta las estampillas de hoy día en el mundo\nJames Smithson, un científico inglés que murió en'Genova,\ndesde un dinosauro reconstruído que data de 150\nItalia, en 1829. Legó toda su fortuna el equivalente a\nmillones de años hasta el primer corazón mecánico prác-\n558.000 dólares, inmensa suma de dinero en esos días\ntico desde un jarrón de la dinastía china Ming, que\n\"para fundar en Washington un establecimiento para\ndata de 500 años, y muchas obras clásicas, hasta la forma\nel fomento y la difusión del conocimiento entre los\nde vida de los americanos precolombinos, desde la Tierra\nhombres.\"\ndel Fuego hasta el Círculo Artico y así prácticamente\nPero inclusive después de que el legado llegó en 1838,\nhasta el infinito.\nlos legisladores tardaron ocho años para decidir si el\nEn realidad, el Instituto tiene un objetivo infinito: \"el\nGobierno debía aceptarlo. Finalmente en 1855, se levantó\naumento y difusión del conocimiento.\" Pero sus inmensas\nel edificio Smithsoniano, que se ha convertido en uno\ncolecciones por lo general tienen que ser clasificadas en\nde los símbolos de Washington.\nMillones de personas visitan anual-\nmente las distintas ramas del Insti-\ntuto Smithsoniano; aquí se ven\nunas pocas entrando a los edificios.\nMillions of persons visit the\nbranches of the Smithsonian In-\nstitution every year; here a few\nenter the towered first buildings.\n20\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nEl Instituto es ahora mucho mas que esa familiar\nSe muestran ejemplares de tamaño natural de las\nestructura en donde actualmente funcionan únicamente\nantiguas civilizaciones del mundo occidental, desde los\nlas oficinas administrativas y las exhibiciones botánica y\nindios de la Tierra del Fuego, pasando por las regiones\nde artes gráficas.\nde los Incas, los Mayas, y los Aztecas, hasta los Es-\nPosteriormente se construyeron los edificios de Artes e\nquimales del Artico. Cinco dioramas en miniatura com-\nIndustrias, el de Historia Natural, el de Aeronáutica, la\npletan los grupos familiares, que incluyen el cultivo de\nGalería de Arte Freer y la Galería Nacional de Arte\nlos campos por parte de los Incas; una escena campestre\n(o Galería Mellon)\nde los indios Yahgan, la tribu mas meridional del\nEl visitante común frecuentemente tiene su primera\nmundo, y los indios que recibieron a Cristóbal Colón\nimpresión de la inmensidad del Instituto por la exhibición\nen 1492.\nde aeroplanos en el edificio de Artes e Industrias. Col-\ngando del techo se ven el primer avión práctico de los\nEjemplo de un antiguo entierro peruano\nhermanos Wright y \"el Espíritu de San Luis\", de Lind-\nUno de los mas interesantes ejemplares expuestos es\nbergh.\nuna figura de persona hecha en madera, tela y mimbre,\nrecientemente adquirida, sacada de una tumba en el\nLos trajes de las 'Primeras Damas'\nPerú en donde fué enterrada alrededor del año 1100\nEn el edificio de Artes e Industrias también está una\nantes de Jesucristo.\nde las exhibiciones mas populares del Instituto la célebre\nCerca de ésto se encuentra una fiel agrupación del\ncolección de trajes de huéspedes de la Casa Blanca, las\nmedio ambiente de los grandes mamíferos de Norte-\nPrimeras Damas desde Martha Washington hasta Mamie\namérica. La principal de éstas muestra el bisonte, que era\nEisenhower, con ejemplos del mobiliario y alrededores\nuna de las principales fuentes de alimento, vestido,\nde la Casa Blanca cuando se usaron esos trajes.\nhabitación y de ingresos tanto para los indios como para\nEntre otros históricos ejemplares que se exponen en\nlos colonos de las planicies norteamericanas.\neste edificio figuran el escritorio portátil en el que Thomas\nEntre las colecciones de fósiles figuran las de algunas\nJefferson escribió el primer proyecto de la Declaración\ncriaturas submarinas que datan de mas de 400 millones\nde Independencia de los Estados Unidos, de la Gran\nde años tan perfectas que no solo muestran las conchas\nBretaña. También allí se exponen algunos muebles de\nsino inclusive los suaves tentáculos y órganos internos.\ntradición histórica, desde un cofre de pino, usado por\nLa identificación, por parte del Instituto, de las especies\nGeorge Washington en su casa de Mount Vernon, Vir-\nde estas minúsculas conchas fósiles guían a los geólogos\nginia, hasta un escritorio usado por el Presidente Dwight\nen su búsqueda de nuevos campos petrolíferos.\nD. Eisenhower cuando era Comandante Supremo de la\nEntre las mas recientes adquisiciones de este museo\nFuerza Expedicionaria Aliada en la segunda guerra\nfiguran 2.009 plantas de Méjico, Centro y Sudamérica.\nmundial.\nTal vez la exhibición de mas vistosa belleza de todo\nEn los tres pisos del edificio del Museo de Historia\nel Instituto es la inmensa colección de gemas y piedras\nNatural se hallan las mejores colecciones mundiales de\npreciosas. Entre estas bellezas se encuentran cristales de\ntodo lo que se relaciona con la historia natural, además\namatista y topacio del Brasil, diamantes de diferentes\nde la ingeniería y la industria, la numismática y la\ncolores, rubíes estrella y un inmenso zafiro estrella de\nfilatelia.\n316 quilates.\nAlgunas antiguas medicinas, sus\ningredientes y aparatos para la\nfabricación de drogas son exhibi-\ndos en la vieja farmacia.\nSome old nostrums and the\nsources of their ingredients and\nother medicines and drug-mak-\ning apparatus are displayed in\nthe Old Apothecary Shop.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nEntre las rarezas de historia natural del Instituto\nA LIVING FOSSIL\nfigura el pescado Coelakantha, recientemente hallado,\n\"fósil viviente\" de una especie que existió hace\nmillones de años.\nThe Smithsonian's natural history exhibits include\n300\nTHE COELACANTH FISH, LATIMERIA CHALUMNAE SMITH\noddities as the recently-found Coelacanth fish, \"a\nliving fossil\" from a family millions of years old.\nANCESTRY\nEl servicio de Intercambio Internacional\nEs bien conocido en el exterior el Servicio de Inter-\ncambio Internacional del Instituto. Este se inició en 1848\ncon su primera publicación: \"Monumentos Antiguos del\nValle del Mississippi\", que el primer secretario Joseph\nHenry envió a algunos eruditos extranjeros y a otros\ngrupos científicos. En pago de esto se han recibido\nmuchas valiosas publicaciones. Actualmente pasan por\nallí mas de un millón de publicaciones al año de institu-\nciones norteamericanas, extranjeras y de particulares.\nPor otra parte el Instituto presta y recibe prestados\nUna pintura de Renoir es la mas popular\nmuchos ejemplares de particulares e instituciones. Tam-\nbién programa conferencias y exhibiciones ambulantes\nPor la calzada, mas hacia el Capitolio, se levanta la\npara los Estados Unidos y otras partes.\nGalería Nacional de Arte, que se inició en 1936 con un\nregalo de 15 millones de dólares del ex secretario del\nOtros aspectos de la labor actual del Instituto incluyen\nla Colección Nacional de Bellas Artes la Oficina\nTesoro Andrew Mellon. De sus cientos de excepcionales\ncuadros de los viejos maestros, una pintura relativamente\nNorteamericana de Etnología y la División de Radia-\nreciente, \"La niña de la regadera,\" de Renoir, es la\nción y Organismos, parte del Observatorio Astrofísico.\nmas popular y de la que se venden mas reproducciones.\nA pesar de todo el apoyo financiero y la cooperación\nactiva del Gobierno, el Instituto Smithsoniano es una\nLa Galería Freer fué donada por Charles Lang Freer,\nde Detroit, Michigan, ya fallecido. En ella se guarda una\nfundación privada. No obstante, bajo la custodia del\nde las mas importantes exhibiciones mundiales del arte\nGobierno administra diez organismos federales. Y aunque\nchino y japonés, desde pinturas hasta jades.\nse han gastado millones de dólares en él y se gastarán\nmuchos mas, el Instituto solamente ha recibido donativos\nEl interés por la aeronáutica comenzó en 1876 y desde\npor 4.000.000 de dólares desde que Smithson lo fundó.\nese entonces el Instituto ha venido coleccionando y\nguardando sobresalientes ejemplos de aviones y equipo\nSmithson, a quien se debe agradecer esta riqueza\nhistórica, científica, industrial y cultural, está enterrado\naeronáutico.\nen una tumba de mármol situada a la entrada del edificio\nBien conocido por derecho propio es el Parque\nSmithsoniano.\nZoológico Nacional situado en la zona residencial de\nRock Creek Park, en Washington. Sus miles de mamíferos,\nAcaso ninguna otra exhibición de todo el Instituto\naves y reptiles de todo el mundo atraen anualmente\nmuestre tan vívidamente cuan lejos han llegado los\ncerca de 3.500.000 visitantes.\nhombres, como el corazón mecánico. Este puede suplir\ncompletamente las funciones del corazón humano durante\nEl interés del Instituto es mundial. Tiene dependencias\nlas operaciones quirúrgicas.\nen el exterior entre las que figuran la faja biológica de\nla Zona del Canal de Panamá, situada en la isla Barro\nLa lección que enseña, bien puede servir de tema de los\nColorado, en el lago Gatún. Probablemente en ninguna\nmuestrarios del Instituto - los logros del pasado son\notra parte del mundo se halla esta combinación de selva\nesperanza del futuro.\ntropical virgen rodeada de laboratorios. Allí se han sacado\nestadísticas definitivas de mas de 7.000 especies de\nanimales y plantas.\nEn Montezuma, en el norte de Chile, el Instituto tiene\notra dependencia rama del observatorio astrofísico.\nEsta y una similar en Table Mountain, California, hacen\nestudios del sol a gran altura.\n(Arriba) El famoso avión de Charles Lindbergh, \"el\nEspíritu de San Luis,\" en el que por primera vez\natravesó solo el Océano Atlántico.\n(Above) Charles Lindbergh's famous plane, \"The\nSpirit of St. Louis,\" in which he was the first to\nfly alone over the Atlantic Ocean.\n(Izq.) La Galería Nacional de Arte, parte del Instituto\nSmithsoniano, tal como se ve desde el edificio del\nArchivo Nacional, A la izquierda, el Capitolio.\n(Left) The National Gallery of Art, part of the\nSmithsonian Institution, as seen from the National\nArchives Building. Left, the United States Capitol.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nON WINGS OF\nPanagra\nPanagra\nD7C\n'VOR' Air Travel System for Argentina\nAids in Rabies Fight\nPANAGRA CARRIED an emergency ship-\nSOUTH AMERICA'S FIRST SYSTEMATIC\nstations that have been in operation\nment of anti-rabies vaccine this autumn\nnetwork of very-high-frequency omni-\nfor many years at the airports of\nfrom New York's Idlewild Airport to\ndirectional radio range stations (VOR)\nEzeiza, Malargue, Mendoza, Cordoba,\nLa Paz, Bolivia, to help stop an epi-\nfor improved air navigational facilities\nTucuman, Villa Reynolds and Junin.\ndemic of the fatal disease among cattle\nis being installed in Argentina by\nThey will cover the Buenos Aires-\nin the Santa Cruz, Chaco and Beni\nPanagra.\nMendoza-Santiago and the Buenos\nareas.\nThe Argentine Ministry of Aero-\nAires-Cordoba-Tucuman air routes.\nBolivan ranchers had feared that\nnautics has signed a contract with the\nThe new equipment will coördinate\nunless their livestock were inoculated\nairline for it to buy, install and main-\nwith all planes having VOR receivers.\nimmediately, the \"rabia paresiante\"\ntain seven VOR radio ranges and to\nPanagra engineers and flight crews\nwould spread throughout the country,\ntrain technical personnel in the United\nwho have been testing the air travel\nto other domestic as well as to wild\nStates. The devices will be bought from\ndevices in actual operation believe the\nanimals, and to humans. The disease is\nWilcox Electric, Inc.\nnew stations will provide commercial\ntransmitted by at least three kinds of\nThe modern short-range navigational\nand civil aviation in Argentina with\nvampire bats.\naids will replace the lower-frequency\nthe finest available navigational aids.\nThe 30,000 vials of modified live\nvirus vaccine from Lederle Labora-\ntories Division, American Cyanamid\nNew Panagra Officers\nCompany, were packed in dry ice and\nwere enough for inoculating 60,000\ncattle.\nTHE PANAGRA BOARD OF DIRECTORS has\nThe vaccine immunizes without in-\nelected two new officers of the Com-\nGail M.\nfecting. It has been used in Mexico to\npany\nOxley\ninoculate more than 2,000,000 cattle.\nGail M. Oxley is the new Secretary\nA joint United States-Bolivian or-\nand Ramon de Murias has been named\nganization, the Servicio Agricola In-\nan Assistant Vice President.\nteramericano, received the vaccine in\nMr Oxley succeeds William F Cogs-\nLa Paz, for distribution in Bolivia.\nwell, who is retiring after holding the\noffice of Secretary since Panagra was\nstarted 28 years ago. Mr Oxley con-\n1\ntinues as Assistant Vice President and\nSouth America Industrial Relations\nRamon\nDirector of W R. Grace & Co.\nde Murias\nMr de Murias has served Panagra\nin various capacities in South America\nand New York since he joined the\nCompany in 1946.\nPanagra Cargo Gains\nMr Collins adds that all Panagra\nplanes passenger and freight are\nPANAGRA'S AIR CARGO SERVICE to South\ncarrying a great variety of bulky ship-\nAmerica made a 33-percent gain in the\nments, such as salvage and plumbing\nthird quarter of 1957 over the com-\nequipment, heavy machinery, aircraft\nparable 1956 period.\nparts and office equipment, in addition\nA total of 1,199,107 revenue ton\nto many smaller items, including phar-\nmiles was flown in July-September, as\nmaceuticals, household effects, elec-\nagainst 904,487 in the year-earlier\ntronic supplies and even popular music\nmonths.\nrecords.\nCyrus S. Collins, Vice President of\nMost bulk shipments have been car-\nSales and Traffic, credits the increase\nried on the all-cargo service that\nlargely to a new wave of industrial and\nPanagra started last July, to supple-\nDr. Juan F. Figueroa, executive in the Farm\nconstruction activity in South America\nment its regular fleet of passenger\nand Home Division, American Cyanamid\nand to the company's new all-cargo ser-\nplanes that operate between North and\nCompany, checks loading of an emergency\nshipment of the company's Lederle anti-\nvice.\nSouth America.\nrabies vaccine sent to La Paz, Bolivia.\n23\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nSEEN ON THE\n\"Santas\"\nThe Honorable Robert B.\nChiperfield, of Canton, Illi-\nnois, sailed to Venezuela\naboard the Santa Rosa; he\nis a Member of the House\nForeign Affairs Committee.\nMr. and Mrs. James H. Sharp, of Wil-\nton, Connecticut, on the Santa Luisa;\nhe is a Director, Grace National Bank,\nand Vice President, Merck & Co., Inc.\nCruising on the Santa Rosa-Perley Barbour and son\nRichard; Mr. Barbour, a former mayor of Quincy, Mass.,\nis President, the Barbour Welting Co., Brockton, Mass.\nOn Santa Paula: Mr.\nand Mrs. George G.\nYoung; he is Presi-\ndent of Scott Brothers\nof Philadelphia, Pa.\nMr. and Mrs. Casey Stengel (3rd and 5th from right) bid bon\nvoyage to Mr. and Mrs. William A. McCarthy and daughters,\nprior to McCarthy family's sailing on Santa Rosa for Bogotá,\nwhere Mr. McCarthy heads the Compañía General Automotriz.\nCruising on Grace Line's Santa Paula are Mr. and Mrs. Dale\nEngleman, of Great Bend, Kans.; she is the winner of the\nrecent NBC \"Most Beautiful Voice in America\" contest.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nFrom New York the popular Santa Rosa\nand Santa Paula are operated on weekly cruises\nC. C. Mallory Retires\nto the Netherlands West Indies, Venezuela\nand Colombia, while modern cargo-passenger\nCASSIUS C. MALLORY, Chair-\nman of the Board of Direc-\nSantas provide weekly Casual Cruises to the\ntors of Grace Line Inc., re-\nCaribbean and also weekly passenger\ntired from active service on\nservice to the West Coast of South America.\nOctober 31st, after 36 years\nwith the Grace organization.\nAt the request of the\nBoard, he had agreed in\n1955 to extend his service\ntwo years beyond the Com-\npany's retirement age of 65.\nMr Mallory, a native of\nHeppner, Oregon, had been\nactive in the maritime indus-\ntry for 47 years. He was\nC. C. Mallory\nwith the United States Navy in World War I and returned\nto civilian life in 1919 as assistant comptroller of the U.S.\nShipping Board in San Francisco.\nHe joined the Grace organization in 1921 as auditor\nof the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. and later aided the\nformation of the Panama Mail Steamship Co., becoming\nits Assistant General Manager and Treasurer. In 1930,\nCruising on the Santa Rosa are Mr. and Mrs. John F Lewicki and\nMr. and Mrs. David Forgie, all from North Caldwell, New Jersey.\nhe was made Vice President and General Manager of\nPanama Mail and Vice President of Grace Line.\nMr. Mallory was transferred to New York in 1934, and\nthree years later was elected Treasurer of Grace Line.\nHe was named a Director in 1950, and in 1953 succeeded\nthe late R. Ranney Adams as President. He was chosen\nChairman of the Board in June, 1955.\nDuring his varied management services, Mr Mallory\nwas directly concerned with many major Grace Line\nenterprises. Among other contributions, he was influen-\ntial in the design and construction of the express pas-\nsenger liners of the early 1930s-the \"Santa Rosa,\"\n\"Santa Paula,\" \"Santa Lucia\" and \"Santa Elena\"-and\nthe new \"Santa Rosa\" and \"Santa Paula,\" now being\nreadied at Newport News, Virginia.\nHis activity in the maritime industry included the\norganization and direction of the Office of Operating Cost\nControl for the U S. War Shipping Administration in\nWorld War II. Mr. Mallory has also been prominent in\nthe Propeller Club, the American Merchant Marine Insti-\ntute and the Committee of American Steamship Lines.\nHe and his wife plan to live at Mountain Lake, Lake\nWales, Florida.\nMr. and Mrs. George E. Booth, Upper Marlboro, Md., and Mr. and\nMrs. Theodore B. Focke, Johnstown, Pa., on board the Santa Rosa.\nGrace Ship Carries Fire Trucks\nIncreasing the firefight-\ning facilities of the\nthriving port of Callao,\nPeru, are two new 14-\nton fire trucks manu-\nfactured by Mack\nTrucks, Inc., and re-\ncently shipped to the\nmunicipal government\nthere on Grace Line's\nSanta Cecilia. One of\nthe trucks is shown (at\nright) being loaded.\nThe chassis of the trucks were built by Mack at its\nplant at Allentown, Pennsylvania, and were sent over\nthe road to the Mack plant at Sydney, Ohio, for equip-\nOn the Santa Rosa: Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop H. McGown, West\nment with fire-fighting apparatus. Then the trucks traveled\nBoylston, Mass.; Mr. and Mrs. George G. Young, Philadelphia, Pa.\nover the road to New York City for shipment overseas.\n25\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nNewsa Views\nCabot Awards Made to Three Journalists\nEXPLAINS BUSINESS ROLE\nTHE 1957 MARIA MOORS CABOT AWARDS\non Latin American affairs, was cited\n\"THE PROFITABLE PARTNERSHIP\", a\nwere recently presented to three out-\nfor his objectivity, resourcefulness and\npublication of the United States Inter-\nstanding journalists of the Americas.\nfairness in writing the news and for\nAmerican Council, is another in a\nIn addition, the Inter-American Press\nhis lifelong contribution to inter-\nseries of explanations that aim to show\nAssociation was granted a plaque and\nAmerican friendship and understand-\nU.S. and Latin American citizens the\nits current and past presidents received\ning.\nvalue and results of private enterprise\nspecial citations.\nSenhor Moses, one of the founders\ncapital in the Latin American repub-\nRecipients of the 19th annual Cabot\nof 0 Globo and President of the Bra-\nlics.\nprizes were Harry W Frantz, special\nzilian Press Association since 1931,\nThe U.S.I.A.C., slightly younger\ncorrespondent of the United Press For-\nwas praised for his many contributions\nthan its 26-year-old parent, the Inter-\neign Department, Washington, D.C.;\nto the development of journalism in\nAmerican Council of Commerce and\nHerbert Moses, Director and Treasurer\nBrazil and toward closer relations\nProduction, bases its study on an ex-\nof O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,\namong the Americas.\nhaustive survey by the U.S. Depart-\nand Rene Silva Espejo, Assistant Edi-\nA special citation was awarded to\nment of Commerce of the role of U.S.\ntor of El Mercurio, Santiago, Chile.\nRoberto Marinho, co-proprietor and\nprivate enterprise in the economy of\nPresentation of the awards was made\nDirector of 0 Globo.\nLatin America. But it also includes per-\nby Dr Grayson Kirk, President of Co-\nSr Silva was lauded for his vigor-\ntinent examples from the actual experi-\nlumbia University, at a convocation in\nous campaign against inflation in\nence of concerns engaged in various\nLow Memorial Library\nChile and for his distinguished career\nphases of commerce and production\nMr. Frantz, known as the \"Dean\" of\nin the fields of journalism, education\nand describes the resultant role of the\nAmerican correspondents specializing\nand inter-American affairs.\nservice industries and other businesses\nthat complete the economic scene.\nW R. Grace & Co. is among the ap-\nproximately 125 U.S. manufacturing,\ntransportation, banking, communica-\ntions and service concerns, associations\nLeft to right, at the\nand individuals belonging to the U.S.\nCabot awards presenta-\nI.A.C.\ntion, are Dr. Grayson\nKirk, Herbert Moses,\n\"The Profitable Partnership\" has\nRene Silva Espejo,\nbeen printed in Spanish and Portu-\nHarry W Frantz and\nguese, as well as English. Individual\nDean Edward W. Bar-\ncopies may be obtained free from the\nrett of the Columbia\nUnited States Inter-American Council,\nUniversity Graduate\nSchool of Journalism.\nat its new address, 15 Park Row, New\nYork City 38. (Bulk copies are avail-\nable at the cost of printing.)\nAddresses N.F.T.C.\nNew Bar Foundation\nRoy W Johns of Philadelphia, Penn-\nsylvania, a director of several oil and\nWESTERN HEMISPHERE LAWYERS, meet-\npipeline companies operating in Latin\ning in Buenos Aires in the tenth con-\nAmerica, has been elected President of\nference of the Inter-American Bar\nthe new foundation. Dr Eduardo\nAssociation, have set up an inter-\nAugusto Garcia of Argentina, the new\nAmerican bar foundation that will aim\nChairman of the Council of the Organi-\nfor greater understanding among the\nzation of American States, has been\nlawyers of the 21 nations, each of\nchosen Vice President.\nwhich uses a different legal system.\nThe foundation's objectives would\nLic. Eduardo Prieto López, Presi-\ndent of the Confederación de Cá-\ninclude providing legal information to\nmaras Industriales of Mexico, was\nthe hemisphere's lawyers, establishing\nthe guest speaker at the Americas\nscholarships and fellowships and co-\nluncheon of the recent National\nöperation with various committees that\nForeign Trade Convention in New\nYork City. He gave a Latin\nwould report on current developments\nAmerican view of the U. S. role\nin the laws of each nation.\nin Latin America's development.\n26\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nColtejer Celebrates 50 Years\nCOLOMBIA'S LARGEST TEXTILE COMPANY,\ninstalled in the last six years.\nthe Compañía Colombiana de Tejidos\nAs part of its expansion program,\nS. A., popularly known as Coltejer, re-\nColtejer acquired after World War II\ncently celebrated its 50th anniversary\nthe Manufacturas Sedeco S.A., now\nSince its founding in Medellin, the\nlocated in Itagui. This subsidiary\n\"Manchester of Colombia,\" in 1907 by\nmanufactures all types of textile goods\nDon Alejandro Echavarria, this com-\nfrom every kind of natural and syn-\npany has developed in a way that ex-\nthetic fiber More recently, in 1957,\nemplifies the dynamic growth of Latin\ncame the establishment of Coltehilos,\nAmerican private enterprise.\nColombia's newest spinning mill, a\nEstablished with a capital of 1,000\nsubsidiary of Coltejer and Sedeco that\npesos, its total subscribed capital is\nmakes yarn for these entities and\nnow 70,000,000 pesos, with reserves in\nother consumers and is about to start\nexcess of 55,000,000 pesos. It is owned\nproducing sewing thread.\nby more than 20,000 stockholders,\nSimilar vision and imagination have\nfrom all walks of life in Colombia,\nbeen shown in industrial relations.\nand employs 7,000 persons. Two hun-\nColtejer supports eight schools, with\ndred thousand spindles operating day\nclose to 1,200 pupils. It has financed\nand night in three plants with a total\nconstruction of easily-purchased homes\narea of almost 2,500,000 square feet\nfor its workers. Coltejer has also built\nDon Carlos J. Echavarria, President\nare further proof of the vision and\nchurches, it sponsors musical and\nenergy of Coltejer's succession of able\nsport activities, and it operates restau-\nellin, Envigado and Itagui thrive muni-\nmanagers. The current head of this\nrants for its employees.\ncipalities whose populations and stand-\nvast industrial complex is Don Carlos\nColtejer's contribution to the econ-\nards of living are increasing at rates\nJ Echevarria, President since 1940.\nomy of Colombia is tremendously sig-\nunmatched in the country\nFrom coal of its own production,\nnificant. Of the 15,000 tons of cotton\nTHE GRACE LOG is happy for the\nColtejer generates 20,000 kilowatts of\nconsumed annually in its mills, a very\nopportunity to pay tribute on behalf\nelectrical energy to power its mills.\nsubstantial proportion is grown in\nof the Grace organization, itself a par-\nExemplifying the acceleration of the\nColombia, and the textiles produced\nticipant in Colombia's textile industry,\npace of industrial development in\nsupport in large part a prosperous\nto this great enterprise, which is the\nLatin America, and in Colombia in\nclothing and fashion industry that sup-\nlegitimate pride of Colombia and a\nparticular, more than half of Coltejer's\nplies the important Colombian market.\nmagnificent example of the vital en-\ntextile productive capacity has been\nAround the company's mills in Med-\nergy of its people.\nNew O.A.S. Officials\nRECENT MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL of\nwas unanimously chosen to be the\nthe Organization of American States\nO.A.S. Secretary-General again. He will\nhave resulted in the elections of several\nhave a ten-year term in this post of\nnew officials and the reëlection of the\nthe 21-nation group. Dr Mora is the\nSecretary-General.\nthird O.A.S. Secretary-General.\nDr Eduardo Augusto Garcia, Argen-\nThe new Assistant Secretary-General\ntine Ambassador to the O.A.S., has\nis Dr William Sanders, Special Assist-\nbeen named Chairman of the Council,\nant to Under Secretary Christian A.\nsucceeding Dr Fernando Lobo, Am-\nHerter of the U.S. Department of State.\nbassador of Brazil to the United States.\nDr Sanders replaces Dr. William Man-\nLic. Gonzalo Facio, Ambassador of\nger of the U.S. who will retire in May\nCosta Rica to the U.S., has been elect-\nafter having served 43 years in the\ned Vice Chairman, succeeding Ambas-\nPan American Union and the O.A.S.\nsador José Luis Cruz Salazar of Guate-\nmala.\nEarlier in Council meetings at Wash-\nNew Chilean Pipeline\nington, Dr José Antonio Mora, former\nAmbassador of Uruguay to the U.S.,\nLATE 1958 is expected to see the oper-\nating start of a new Chilean pipeline,\nrunning from the Concon refinery of\nthe Empresa Nacional de Petroleos\n(Upper left) Dr. Fernando Lobo,\n(ENAP) to Santiago. Capital in the\nretiring Chairman, Council of the\nO.A.S., and Dr. Eduardo Augusto\nnew constructing and operating com-\nGarcia, the new Chairman. (Lower\npany, the Sociedad Nacional de Oleo-\nleft) Dr. William Sanders, new\nductos, will total 1.5 billion pesos, with\nAssistant Secretary-General of the\n48 percent held by the Compañía de\nO.A.S., and Dr. José Antonio\nPetroleos de Chile (COPEC) and 26\nMora, reëlected Secretary-General.\npercent each by Esso Standard Oil\nCompany (Chile) S.A.C. and ENAP\n27\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nW.R.\nNEWS OF\nGrace\nGRACE\n&\nCO.\nNew Silicon Firm\nBank Shares in Loan\nINTERNATIONAL METALLOIDS, INC., has\nQUARTERLY DIVIDEND\nTHE GRACE NATIONAL BANK is one of\nbeen chosen as the name of the new\nTHE BOARD OF DIRECTORS of\nnine United States banks that have\nfirm organized by W R. Grace & Co.\nand Pechiney, the big French chemical\nW R. Grace & Co. on November\ngranted a line of credit to the Central\nand metallurgical concern, to make\n7th declared a regular quarterly\nBank of Argentine totaling $27,000,000\ndividend of $0.60 per share on\nfor one year for dollar exchange pur-\nultra high-purity elemental silicon.\nits Common Stock, payable on\nposes.\nThe firm's plant, being built at Toa\nDecember 10th to Stockholders\nCarlos Coll Benegas, President of\nAlto, 15 miles west of San Juan, Puerto\nRico, will have an annual capacity of\nof record at the close of business,\nthe Banco de la Nacion, Argentina's\n20,000 pounds of such silicon when it\nNovember 18th.\nlargest bank, says the loan is the first\nin more than 20 years that his country\ngoes into production in the first half\nhas made with private banks in the U.S.\nof 1958. Ultra high-purity elemental\nsilicon is achieving wide use as a semi-\nfor industrial development. There is\nconductor in transistors and rectifiers\navailability of skilled professional and\n-James R. Collins\nfor extremely sensitive electronic\nindustrial workers, a clean atmosphere\nJAMES R. COLLINS, Vice President of\ndevices.\nand ample electric power.\"\nGrace & Co., Central America, died on\nThe Board of Directors of Interna-\nInternational Metalloids, Inc., will\nOctober 8th in Guatemala City, Guate-\ntional Metalloids, Inc., has named the\nemploy about 80 persons, all of whom\nmala, after a brief illness. He was 51\nfollowing to top executive positions:\nwill be Puerto Ricans except for several\nyears old.\nMarlin G. Geiger, Executive Vice Presi-\nFrench and continental United States\nMr Collins had lived in Guatemala\ndent of Grace in charge of chemical\ntechnical and management personnel.\nfor 20 years during which he had\ndivisions, to be President and Chair-\nserved the Grace organization in vari-\nman of the Board of International\nNew Ecuador Plant\nous capacities. He was esteemed and\nMetalloids, Inc.; Lewis C. Reid, for-\nwell known in all Central America, as\nmerly Industrial Chemical Sales Man-\nW R. GRACE & CO. has initiated its\nwell as in his native San Francisco.\nager of Grace's Davison Chemical Com-\nfirst industrial venture in Ecuador with\nThrough the courtesy of Ambassador\npany Division, to be Vice President,\nthe opening of a new paint plant in\nand Mrs. Edward J Sparks, Mr.\nand Samuel C. Streep, formerly Senior\nGuayaquil.\nCollins' body reposed in the residence\nDevelopment Engineer of Davison, to\nFull production of a complete line of\nof the United States Embassy, where\nbe Vice President and General Man-\npaints that is designed to take care of\nhundreds of mourners paid their last\nager On the Board of Directors, in\nthe needs of the Ecuadorean economy\nrespects. Colleagues from Grace &\naddition to Mr Geiger and Mr Reid,\nwas begun in October.\nCo.'s Guatemala office kept vigil dur-\nare Dr Charles E. Waring, William E.\nThe Glidden Company of Cleveland,\ning the night of October 8th and the\nMcGuirk, Jr., Jean M. H. Grolee,\nOhio, has a one-third equity in the\nfollowing day A majority of the prom-\nSylvan Gotshal and Charles A. Roy\ncompany, Pinturas Ecuatorianas S. A.,\ninent citizens of Guatemala attended a\nIn thanking the Economic Develop-\nand is providing technical know-how\nservice on October 9th at the Church\nment Administration of Puerto Rico\nPreviously Grace sold Glidden's paints\nof the Beatas de Belen.\nand the Puerto Rico Industrial Develop-\nin Ecuador on an imported basis.\nBurial was in San Francisco, follow-\nment Co. for their help in securing the\nThe plant is located in a new build-\ning a Solemn High Requiem Mass that\nplant location, Mr Geiger said: \"In\ning and contains the most modern\nwas celebrated by Bishop Hugh Dona-\nPuerto Rico we find a favorable climate\nequipment.\nhue of San Francisco and attended by\nBishop James J Sweeney of Honolulu.\nMr Collins joined the San Francisco\noffice of W R. Grace & Co. in 1925 as\noffice boy He was successively order\nEngland's Queen Eliza-\nclerk, documentation clerk and Grace\nbeth II stands by a self-\nLine traffic representative before go-\nservice counter of CRY-\ning to Guatemala City in 1937 as a\nOVAC-wrapped poultry on\nmerchandise salesman for Grace & Co.,\na surprise tour of a\nsupermarket at Queens-\nCentral America. One year later he\ntown, Maryland, near\nbecame sub-manager, and in 1944 took\nWashington, D. C., on\non additional duties as assistant to the\nher recent U.S. visit.\nVice President. In 1947 he was named\nGeneral Manager of Central America\noperations, including the subsidiaries\nin Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua\nand Costa Rica. He was named Vice\nPresident in 1953.\n28\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nHEAT RESISTANCE\nFROZEN FOODS\nPREVENT\nPREMATURE\nCOLD RESISTANCE\nSTRENGTH\nBREAKDOWN!\nACID\nVAPOR BARRIER\nCHEMICAL RESISTANCE\nImprove quality and performance\nwithGREX\nMinimize the danger of premature product breakdown\nfreeze it without brittleness.\nupgrade quality and performance! Always specify\nGREX is unaffected by most acids and chemicals and\nGREX, the new high density polyethylene! GREX offers\nefficiently resists moisture vapor transmission. You can\nyou a combination of properties far superior to those\nshape it into most delicate designs, yet it stays strong\nfound in most plastics used today, yet cost is low\nand rigid in thin sections.\nGREX gives you exceptional impact and tensile strength,\nLook into the many ways GREX versatility and quality\nthat assure long service and hard wear High heat and\ncan help you overcome the breakdown problem!\ncold resistance lets you boil GREX without distortion\n*TRADEMARK FOR W. R. GRACE & CO.'S POLYOLEFINS\nW.R. GRACE & CO.\nPOLYMER CHEMICALS\nDIVISION\nPlant\nOffices\nBaton Rouge, La.\nGRACE\nClifton, N.J.\n& CO\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCREATIVE INVESTMENT\nat home and abroad\nW.R.\nGRACE\n& CO.\nSymbol of Service Throughout the World\nHow W. R. Grace & Co. is participating in the\ndevelopment of basic industries in 23 countries.\nThe diversified interests of W R. Grace & Co. involve many indus-\nW R. GRACE & CO., backed by more\nthan a century of experience in business\ntries in many countries. Active in chemicals and international\nand industry, continues to move ahead\n-in chemical processing and manufac-\nindustry, trade and transportation, the 103-year-old Grace organization\nturing\nin basic industries throughout\nLatin America in world trade, trans-\nconducts operations in the United States, Latin America, Canada,\nportation and finance.\nEurope, and Australia.\nCRYOVAC COMPANY DIVISION\nDAVISON CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION\nDiversified both industrially and geographically, these far-flung\nDEWEY AND ALMY CHEMICAL COMPANY\nDIVISION\nGrace enterprises have in common an aggressive, forward-looking\nDEWEY AND ALMY OVERSEAS COMPANY\npolicy of management. Through local production for local consump-\nDIVISION\nFOSTER AND KLEISER COMPANY\ntion, Grace capital and know-how participate in basic national\nDIVISION\nGRACE CHEMICAL COMPANY DIVISION\nindustries that expand with the economic development of the country\nGRACE LINE INC.\nGRACE NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YORK\nIn 23 countries Grace subsidiaries and affiliates are sharing in\nGRACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT\nthe growth of such industries as chemicals, transportation, paper,\nDIVISION\nLATIN AMERICAN PAPER AND CHEMICAL\npaints, textiles, merchandising, mining and foodstuffs.\nGROUP\nPACIFIC COAST DIVISION\nBy plowing back earnings, investing new money and moving into\nPOLYMER CHEMICALS DIVISION\nSOUTH AMERICAN GROUP\ncountries where it has not been active previously, Grace is rapidly\nexpanding in creative investments basic to national economic\ndevelopment both at home and abroad.\nW. R. GRACE & CO.\nExecutive Offices: 7 Hanover Square, New York 5\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nPicture yourself in a comfortable deck chair on a romantic Grace Line Cruise.\nBasking in the Caribbean sunshine, you'll know this is the vacation\nCARIBBEAN\nof your dreams. You'll meet new friends enjoy delicious meals\nswim in a king-size, outdoor tiled pool. Every room is outside, each with\nprivate bath. The \"Santa Rosa\" or \"Santa Paula\" sails from New York every\nSOUTH AMERICA\nFriday on a 12-Day Cruise visiting Aruba and Curacao in the Netherlands\nWest Indies and La Guaira, Caracas and Cartagena in South America.\nCRUISES\nAlso Casual Cruises of approximately 18 days, weekly from New York.\nFor colorfully illustrated literature see your Travel Agent.\nGRACE LINE\nDept. NY-9, 3 Hanover Square, New York 4, N.Y\nRegular frequent American flag þassenger and freight services between the Americas\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCRYOVAC'S advertising\nin November issues of\nBETTER HOMES &\nGARDENS and SUNSET\nand in the November 25\nissue of LIFE featured\nfrozen turkey.\nThis is one of the oldest ap-\nplications for CRYOVAC bags\nCRVOVAC\nPACKAGING\nand because of the unusually\nfine protection it provided\nfor frozen turkeys, CRYOVAC\nhelped to bring about this\nrevolutionary development in\npoultry marketing. Now bet-\nIt's frozen holiday turkey\nter than 85 percent of all\nwith a tender new farm-freshness\nfrozen turkeys are packaged\nbecause it's vacuum-sealed in CRYOVAC!\nin CRYOVAC bags.\nIt's probably been years since you've enjoyed the wonderful flavor\nof farm-fresh turkey But now you can recapture that tender, fresh-\nIt's quite probable that the\ndressed taste in frozen turkey thanks to a new protective vacuum\npackage called CRYOVAC. This airtight, moisture-proof \"second skin\"\nbird which graces your table\nhas made a revolutionary improvement in poultry flavor\nby\nthis Thanksgiving and Christ-\nsealing out air, sealing in natural juices. CRYOVAC stops drying out\nand \"freezer burn\" keeps turkey fresh and tender until the bird is\nmas will have come to your\non your table!\nhouse in this remarkable vac-\nHere's how CRYOVAC packaging\nis . done first, the bird is placed in\nCRYOVAC\nuum-sealed plastic package.\na special, airtight, moisture-proof\nbag. Then-all flavor-stealing air\nis vacuumed out, the bag is sealed\nTHE CRYOVAC COMPANY\nand shrunk to fit like a transparent\nDivision of\n\"second-skin\" It protects the con-\nGRACE\nW.R. Grace & Co.\n& CO.\nCambridge 40, Mass.\ntents until you break the seal.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nApril 7, 1960\nShanks, Carrol\nPersonal\nDear Mr. Shanks:\nThe loan which your company made recently to the\nRepublic of Mexico has just come to my attention and I\nwant to get this note off to tell you that I consider it to be\nan historic move in this field.\nMexico x\nAs you know, I have long advocated the increasing\nuse of private enterprise capital in the economic struggle\nin which we are engaged. Only from this source, rather than\nGovernment, can the great amount necessary be procured\nX folder (make new one)\nand, even more important, the use of private money constitutes\nfile folder John D. J. Moore\na practical demonstration of the political and economic ideas\nin which we believe. This statesmanlike precedent which you\nhave set may well open great new sources of capital for\ncountries abroad who are fighting to raise their standards,\nand in their minds will associate success with our way of\nlife.\nWith every best wishes,\nSincerely,\nREC:ds\nRichard Nixon\nMr. Carrol Shanks, President\nPrudential Insurance Company of America\nPrudential Plaza\nBox 594\nle\nNewark 1, New Jersey\nbcc: Mr. John D. J. Moore\nM\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nJOHN D. J. MOORE\nOK?\n7 HANOVER SQUARE\nNEW YORK 5, N.Y.\nys\nJuy\nMarch 30, 1960\negg\nThe Honorable Richard N. Nixon\nVice President of the United States\nB\nWashington, D.C.\nDear Mr. Vice President:\nThis seems to be my season for barraging you\nwith mail, but I think the matter I am mentioning here is well\nworth a line\nPractically nobody seems to have paid any public\nattention to what I regard as the biggest news story in relation to\nU.S private capital taking part in the development of Latin America\nin many years.\nAs you undoubtedly know, the Prudential Insurance\nCompany has made an unrestricted $100 million loan for industrial\ndevelopment and public works to the Republic of Mexico, at a\nrate of interest profitable to the lender and not excessive by\nLatin American standards.\nToday I talked to Mr. Carrol Shanks, the\npresident of Prudential, at his office, and found that there has\nnot been much reaction to this very courageous and forward looking\nmove to carry out the objectives which have been voiced so many\ntimes by the President of the United States, by you and many others\nincluding Messrs. Herter and Dillon. Neither I nor the Grace\norganization have any stake in this matter, but I am making bold\nto suggest that a line of appreciation to Mr. Shanks for this action\nwould have a tendency to encourage other leaders of the investment\ncommunity to step into this great field.\nIn any event this is a move in the direction which\nyou have been advocating, and in the event that it escaped your at-\ntention I thought I would mention it to you.\nyes means With Ristoria best regards, may well Sincerely met yours, sources open for equital abroad quet l\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nTHE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1960.\nPrudential Insurance Grants\n$100,000,000 Loan to Mexico\nSpecial to The New York Times.\nMEXICO CITY, March 4-The largest private long.\nterm loan to Mexico since before the country's 1910 revolu-\ntion was announced here today. It consists of an advance\nof $100,000,000 by the Pru-\ndential Insurance Company\nof America to Nacional Fi-\nnanciera, a financing agency\nof the Mexican Government.\nThe loan will run fifteen\nyears and will bear 6% per cent\ninterest. It will be subject to\nretirement during the last ten\nyears of the term.\nThe insurance company did\nnot require the borrowing agen-\ncy to specify any special pur-\npose for which the money was\nto be spent. Nacional Finan-\nciera said that the loan would\nbe used to develop Mexico's\nbasic industries and to expand\npublic improvement projects\nnow in progress.\nNacional Financiera expressed\nthe hope that the credit granted\nby Prudential, one of the larg-\nest life insurance companies in\nthe United States, would stimu-\nlate other foreign private lend-\ning interests to put capital to\nwork in Mexico.\nOffers Considered\nThe Mexican National Hous-\ning Institute is considering\n\"several\" offers of private\ncapital from the United States\nto help finance Mexico's giant\nlow-cost housing program, ac-\ncording to Luis Quintanilla,\ndirector. Until a decision is\nreached and contracts are\nsigned he declined to name the\ninterests with which he was\nnegotiating.\nAlong with United States of-\nfers are several from Europe\nand Mexico. \"We are constantly\nreceiving proposals and are\nconstantly considering them to\nsee if they fit into our plans,\"\nSeñor Quintanilla said. \"What\nwe need is a very reasonable\nrate of interest because of the\nnecessary long-term fifteen\nyears-of our loan. We are\nseeking private capital because\nno Government funds are avail-\nable on the scale we need.\"\nThe first phase of Señor\nQuintanilla's program calls for\nspending $10,000,000 this year\nfor the purchase of land and\nthe construction of 1,000 apart-\nment units in Mexico City and\n2,500 houses in seven cities. A\ntypical three-bedroom house is\ndesigned to sell for $960, pay-\nable over as long as fifteen\nyears.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nCOPY\nJanuary 6, 1958\nDear Mr. Moore:\nThis is just a note to thank you for your\nX - International Affairs = Foreign Trade\nX @ Grace, W. R. & Co. - folder\nMoore, John D. J. - folder\nthoughtfulness in sending me a copy of the memorandum\nprepared by the First National City Bank and the W. R.\nGrace Company.\nIt was most helpful to have such a well con-\nsidered and articulate statement on the subject of the\npolicies necessary for the most effective development\nof American investment abroad and I appreciate your\ninterest in sending this to me.\nWith every good wish for the New Year,\nSincerely,\nRN\n1/6/58 CMc\nRichard Nixon\nIss\nVice President\nin\nCMc W/amk\nMr. John D. J. Moore\nW. R. Grace & Co.\n7 Hanover Square\nNew York 5, New York\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nW R GRACE & CO\n7 HANOVER SQUARE, NEW YORK 5, N.Y.\nDecember 23, 1957\nMr. James D. Hughes\nOffice of the Vice President\nWashington, D. C.\nDear Mr. Hughes:\nIt was good of you to telephone me today. Mr. Grace\nand Mr. George S. Moore, Executive Vice President of The First\nNational City Bank of New York, understood perfectly the heavy\nI\nschedule of the Vice President.\nThe subject which they hope to discuss is summarized\nin the attached Memorandum which they would appreciate your\ndrawing to the attention of the Vice President. It represents\nthe joint thinking of The First National City Bank and the\nGrace organization as well as, I believe, the vast majority of\nAmerican businessmen interested in business abroad.\nThe Vice President made a tremendous impression at\nSan Francisco, and we are hoping that he will speak out as often\nas possible on this important subject. If some thinking along\nthese lines should be expressed in the Economic Message, it\nwould be a dramatic boost for this sound move.\nI greatly appreciate your assistance in this regard,\nand look forward to meeting you on my next visit to Washington.\nWith the best wishes of the season,\nSincerely,\nD.yMoore\nJohn D. J. Moore\nVice President\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\nMEMORANDUM\nIt has long been recognized that essential to the strength of the Free\nWorld that healthy economies and greater industrial capacities should be encouraged\nin the developing nations. Only by sound economic growth can these nations raise\ntheir living standards as a deterrent to international Communism and strengthen\ntheir contribution to mutual defense.\nIn this great task it is obvious that a greater outflow of United States\nprivate investment is necessary to support the essential capital needs of these\ncountries whose populations are growing at an explosive rate. Public credit, both\nfrom the United States Government and from international agencies, of course, plays\na vital role, but the real job can be accomplished only through a healthy flow of\nprivate investment.\nCan we say that our policy toward investment abroad of United States private\ncapital has sufficiently encouraged such an outflow? The facts and figures of the\ncase answer in the negative. Our present tax laws not only do not encourage essen-\ntial private investment overseas, but actually discourage it.\nFor example, when a foreign branch of an American company shows a profit\nfor a particular year, our present law requires the parent company or head office\nin the United States to pay United States income taxes on that profit for that year.\nThis tax is payable regardless of whether or not the United States company left\nthat profit in the foreign area for purposes of expansion or other sound business\nreasons. Profit so left abroad may never actually be realized by the company in\nthe United States because they remain subject to the potential losses, inherent in\nthe foreign field, of currency devaluation or exchange and transfer limitations.\nThis frequently results in imposing upon United States overseas operations a\nheavier tax burden than is borne by domestic operations. We feel sure that this\nhas never been the actual intent of Congress, as indicated by its establishment of\nthe Western Hemisphere Trade Corporations to enoourage overseas investment in Latin\nAmerica.\nMany legislative and business leaders recognize this problem. Vice\nPresident Nixon's recommendations, which he outlined at the recent San Francisco\nInternational Industrial Development Conference, would cover this situation\nsatisfactorily. It is to be hoped that they will become law in the forthcoming\nCongress. They were as follows:\n(a) That branches of American business abroad receive the same\ntax consideration as subsidiaries thereof;\n(b) That profits or dividends earned by overseas branches or sub-\nsidiaries not be taxable until remitted to the United States\nparent company or head office;\n(c) That the 14-point tax rate differential accruing to Western\nHemisphere Trade Corporations be extended and be applicable to\nall foreign branches or subsidiaries of American business.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library\n#1\nDecember 12, 1957\nMEMORANDUM\nfile\nTO:\nDon Hughes\nFROM:\nrmw\nRE:\nAppointment request of John Moore and\nGeorge Moore\nJohn Moore called today and said that now\nthe President of W. R. Grace and Co., Mr. Peter Grace would\nlike to come in with George Moore to see the Vice President.\nMr. Grace is in South America and will be\nback before Christmas. They would like to have an appointment\nto come in and see the Boss on the afternoon of December 23rd\nif possible.\nBecause Peter Grace is now involved, I would\nimagine RN would at least give this one every consideration.\nWhatever the answer is they would like us to\nlet Frip Flannigan (their Washington representative) know as soon\nas possible. Frip's number is -- NAtional 8-6424.\nCalled on 18 hlue.\nSaid no dice for 23ᵈ\nno further committent made.\nReproduced at the Nixon Presidential Library"
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