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Dick Wirthlin [1983-1984] (3)
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118565190
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Dick Wirthlin [1983-1984] (3)
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Records of the White House Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff (Reagan Administration)
Michael Deaver's Political Files
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Deaver, Michael: Files Folder Title: Dick Wirthlin [1983-1984] (3) Box: 66 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ Decision/Making/Information ® Intelligent alternatives for today's decision makers 6803 Poplar Place, Suite 300, McLean, Virginia 22101, (703) 556-0001 TO: Paul Laxalt Frank J. Fahrenkopf FROM: Richard B. Wirthlin DATE: July 11, 1983 (RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983) SUBJECT: Economic Expectations Perceptions of the economy's past performance continue to improve, while anticipation for the future took a slight downward turn in June. In general, the numbers remained fairly stable in June, with only slight changes in sentiments about the various economic winds affecting the respondents lives. In particular, Americans overwhelmingly feel that, when chosing between inflation and unemployment, unemployment is perceived as the greater national menace; however, when asked which of the two was a bigger problem for the family, they reversed their previous sentiments and suggest inflation as more detrimental to themselves and their families. This split greatly helped the Thatcher campaign in England last month. Current responses are: Compared to a year ago, do you think (has/have) gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed the same? Gotten Gotten Stayed No Better Worse The Same Opinion The national economy 45% 25% 29% 1% Inflation 40 32 27 1 Unemployment 28 47 24 1 Interest rates 63 20 14 3 Decision/Making/Information Economic Expectations July 11, 1983 Page Two Thinking about a year from now, do you think will get better, get worse or stay about the same as (it is/they are) now? Get Get Stay No Better Worse The Same Opinion The national economy 52% 14% 31% 3% Inflation 38 27 32 3 Unemployment 54 19 25 2 Interest rates 39 22 35 4 The National Economy Opinions about the economy's past performance continue rising, with 45% of the public thinking that the economy has gotten better (up one percent) and 25% feeling that it has gotten worse (down 3%). Since January of 1983, perceptions of improvement under Reagan have risen from a low 19% -- an increase of 26%, or just over a quarter of the electorate have become more optimistic about the performance of the economy. On the other hand, expectations slipped slightly in June to the levels expressed in early April. Starting in March, a majority of the people -- between 52% and 56% -- have felt that the economy will continue to recover; another one-third feel that it will stay about the same, and a relatively small group (14%) actually feel that things will get worse. Among key groups, the signals are somewhat mixed. Those most optimistic about the past and future performance of the economy tend to be more upscale higher-income voters -- base-Républicans and senior citizens. Blue-collar workers, independents, and even small business owners express lower overall optimism about the economy. Women tend to be much more negative than men about past performance and more status quo oriented towards the future. In both cases, the gap ranges from 11% to 17%. Whereas most of the key groups expressed greater increases in the previous performance of the economy, Farm Belt State residents are more critical of past performance, but 54% (up 4 percentage points) feel that the economy will "get better" in the future. Inflation Only 38% (down 4%) of the nation feels that inflation will get better in the next year. Another one-third think that it will remain about the same, and 27% think that it is going to get worse. Decision/Making/Information Economic Expectations July 11, 1983 Page Three After climbing to 46% of the populace in March, optimism has gradually declined to the current 38%. Perceptions of the past year have remained fairly stable over the past few months -- around 40% "gotten better". Essentially, both past and future perceptions continue to run parallel to each other. There appears to be a degree of uncertainty as to what exactly has been done to reduce inflation and how the inflation will change over the coming year. Among target groups, opinions remain basically unchanged, with the exception of senior citizens, who increased from 36% to 43% on "gotten better", and from 36% to 46% on "get better" in the future. Unemployment Although the unemployment rate has continued to drop, evaluation of the unemployment remains -- albeit improved -- fairly negative. From a low of 4% in January, the percent of the country who feel that unemployment has "gotten better" has risen to 28% (up 1 percentage point in June). Conversely, expectations remain very high, with 54% of the nation suggesting that they think unemployment will "get better". This is a slight drop-off from the May figures, but has nonetheless remained fairly stable between 51% and 58% since January. Just under one out of five (19%) Americans think that the unemployment situation will deteriorate, with the remaining one-quarter (25%) expecting more of the same. The most optimistic groups are base Republicans, Farm Belt State residents, the more affluent, and men. Farm Belt residents exhibit a large gain in their evaluation of unemployment now compared with a year ago -- 28% "gotten better" in May, 46% now. Senior citizens, as with the other economic measures, are suggesting greater confidence in the economic recovery (44% "get better" in May compared with 65% in June). Far less enthusiasm, however, is found among blue-collar occupations, where expectations for future unemployment reductions dropped 11 percentage points to 47%. Women continue to lag behind men with about a ten percent difference between themselves and men -- women exhibiting higher negativism in general. Interest Rates Of the four components of the national economy, American's are most sanguine in key economic evaluation of interest rates over the last year, and not without justification. However, their expectations Decision/Making/Information Economic Expectations July 11, 1983 Page Four may be moderated by the concern that budget deficits will compete with the private sector, putting pressure on the amount of available money and force up interest rates. As a result, a shrinking 39% (down from 45% in January) think that interest rates will continue to decline; another 35% think that they will remain where they currently are (consistent over the past six months), while 22% (up 1 percentage point) think that they will increase. The June results are nearly identical to those obtained in May. Again, the gap between men and women remains about 10%, with women one of the few groups to increase in pessimism since June. Key coalitions exhibiting the greatest gain in enthusiasm are Farm Belt State residents (up 13% on "gotten better", and 7% on "get better" in the next year). Independents are more uncertain, with an increase of 9% to 39% "stay the same". The greatest increase in skepticism is expressed by white Baptists -- from 15% to 25% "get worse". More Serious Problem: Rising Prices or Unemployment Personally, people are more afraid of inflation; as a nation, they are more concerned about unemployment. Which do you think is a more serious economic problem -- rising prices or high unemployment? Equally Rising High Serious No: Prices Unemply (VIntd) Opinion For the country 25% 67% 7% 1% For you and your family 56 28 5 1 The same question was also asked in the United Kingdom with very similar results: 30% felt that inflation was the biggest national threat, 61% mentioned unemployment; for the family, 56% said inflation, with 36% suggesting that unemployment was the more important problem. For the Country Over two-thirds of the sample pick unemployment as the more serious problem facing the nation. This pattern varies little among the Decision/Making/Information Economic Expectations July 11, 1983 Page Five key target subgroups. Farm Belt State residents are particularly intense in picking unemployment (76%), while senior citizens (40%) and white Baptists (33%) are slightly more likely to pick rising prices than are the other groups -- not surprising with many senior citizens on fixed incomes. The question does not tend to polarize: postgraduates and those with less than a high school education are equally as likely to pick rising prices; the same is true for various income levels. The gap between men and women, though still present, is not as sharp -- about 5%. For You and Your Family Opinions are quite different when they are considering themselves and families. There are few cases of extreme variance from the mainstream sentiments. Senior citizens and retired Americans are the most likely to choose inflation; conversely, voters 18 to 24 -- those just getting started in the job market -- and minorities are the most likely to suggest that unemployment is more of a concern. Unlike sentiments about which of the two is more important to the nation, the question of unemployment versus inflation tends to split more along socioeconomic lines, as well as ideology and party affiliation. However, without exception, a majority of all demographic subgroups think that inflation is more of a problem for themselves and their families. Decision/Making/Information Status of the National Economy "Compared to a year ago, do you think the national economy has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? Thinking about a year from now, do you think the national economy will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?" Feb Jun Sep Jan Jan Mar 13-14 15-22 23-27 7-10 27-29 17-21 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 11 12 20 * 19 39 Gotten worse 56 51 51 * 54 30 Stayed the same 31 33 28 * 26 30 No opinion 2 4 1 * 1 1 Now/Future Get better 48 43 46 * 47 56 Get worse 25 20 22 * 20 15 Stay the same 23 34 29 * 31 26 No opinion 4 3 3 * 2 3 Apr Apr May Jun 7-10 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 39 * 44 45 Gotten worse 32 * 28 25 Stayed the same 28 * 27 29 No opinion 1 * 1 1 Now/Future Get better 53 * 56 52 Get worse 13 * 14 14 Stay the same 31 * 28 31 No opinion 3 * 2 3 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making, Information The National Economy "Compared to a year ago, do you think the national economy gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?" Gotten Better Gotten Worse Stayed the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 45 25 29 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 69 9 21 Small Business 46 25 28 Farm Belt states 41 16 42 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 41 27 31 Senior citizens 47 26 27 Women 37 30 32 Catholics 43 26 30 Independents/Leaners 48 24 26 White Baptists 47 21 31 "Thinking about a year from now, do you think the national economy will get better, get worse, or be about the same as it is now?" Get Better Get Worse Stay the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 52 14 31 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 72 4 20 Small Business 53 16 28 Farm Belt states 54 11 34 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 47 17 34 Senior citizens 60 13 23 Women 47 16 35 Catholics 49 13 33 Independents/Leaners 49 16 32 White Baptists 57 15 27 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Status of Inflation "Compared to a year ago, do you think inflation has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? Thinking about a year from now, do you think inflation will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?" Feb June Aug Jan Jan Mar 13-14 15-22 25-29 7-10 27-29 17-21 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 23 26 29 * 33 43 Gotten worse 50 42 43 * 42 26 Stayed the same 26 31 28 * 24 30 No opinion 1 1 0 * 1 1 Now/Future Get better 36 45 39 * 35 46 Get worse 31 21 25 * 25 18 Stay the same 29 31 34 * 37 34 No opinion 4 3 2 * 2 2 Apr Apr May Jun 7-10 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 41 * 41 40 Gotten worse 30 * 34 32 Stayed the same 29 * 24 27 No opinion 0 * 1 1 Now/Future Get better 41 * 42 38 Get worse 22 * 22 27 Stay the same 35 * 34 32 No opinion 2 * 2 3 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Inflation "Compared to a year ago, do you think inflation has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?" Gotten Better Gotten Worse Stayed the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 40 32 27 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 60 16 23 Small Business 43 33 23 Farm Belt states 42 24 34 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 35 38 27 Senior citizens 43 29 29 Women 32 36 32 Catholics 39 33 28 Independents/Leaners 44 30 25 White Baptists 41 31 28 "Thinking about a year from now, do you think inflation will get better, get worse, or be about the same as it is now?" Get Better Get Worse Stay the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 38 27 32 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 47 17 35 Small Business 36 29 32 Farm Belt states 39 35 24 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 32 28 38 Senior citizens 46 21 30 Women 39 28 30 Catholics 38 27 34 Independents/Leaners 36 29 33 White Baptists 45 26 27 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Informati Status of Unemployment "Compared to a year ago, do you think unemployment has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? Thinking about a year from now, do you think unemployment will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?" Feb Jun Aug Jan Jan Mar 13-14 15-22 25-29 7-10 27-29 17-21 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 4 4 4 * 4 17 Gotten worse 80 83 82 * 86 61 Stayed the same 14 12 13 * 9 21 No opinion 2 1 1 * 1 1 Now/Future Get better 40 43 44 * 51 58 Get worse 35 30 29 * 24 16 Stay the same 21 24 26 * 23 24 No opinion 4 2 1 * 2 2 Apr Apr May Jun 7-10 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 18 * 27 28 Gotten worse 57 * 48 47 Stayed the same 24 * 24 24 No opinion 1 * 1 1 Now/Future Get better 57 * 57 54 Get worse 18 * 16 19 Stay the same 23 * 25 25 No opinion 2 * 2 2 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Unemployment "Compared to a year ago, do you think unemployment has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?" Gotten Better Gotten Worse Stayed the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 28 47 25 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 45 26 27 Small Business 34 47 18 Farm Belt states 46 37 17 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 26 49 25 Senior citizens 30 41 28 Women 24 52 24 Catholics 25 51 24 Independents/Leaners 29 46 25 White Baptists 33 41 26 "Thinking about a year from now, do you think unemployment will get better, get worse, or be about the same as it is now?" Get Better Get Worse Stay the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 54 19 25 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 70 8 21 Small Business 55 22 21 Farm Belt states 59 19 21 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 47 20 31 Senior citizens 65 14 20 Women 50 22 26 Catholics 52 22 24 Independents/Leaners 51 21 26 White Baptists 57 17 24 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Status of Interest Rates "Compared to a year ago, do you think the interest rates have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? Thinking about a year from now, do you think the interest rates will get better, get worse, or stay about the same?" Feb Jun Aug Jan Jan Mar 25-6 15-22 25-29 7-10 27-29 17-21 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 17 19 51 * 60 65 Gotten worse 51 37 29 * 24 17 Stayed the same 29 42 18 * 14 14 No opinion 3 2 2 * 2 4 Now/Future Get better 41 45 49 * 43 45 Get worse 22 18 17 * 19 16 Stay the same 34 34 31 * 34 36 No opinion 3 3 3 * 3 3 Apr Apr May Jun 7-10 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 1983 Year Ago/Now Gotten better 66 * 64 63 Gotten worse 20 * 21 20 Stayed the same 11 * 14 14 No opinion 3 * 1 3 Now/Future Get better 44 * 40 39 Get worse 19 * 21 22 Stay the same 34 * 35 35 No opinion 3 * 4 4 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Interest Rates "Compared to a year ago, do you think interest rates have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same?" Gotten Better Gotten Worse Stayed the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 63 20 14 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 79 12 8 Small Business 68 17 13 Farm Belt states 72 12 12 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 64 20 15 Senior citizens 56 16 19 Women 57 22 16 Catholics 64 23 11 Independents/Leaners 65 18 15 White Baptists 57 23 18 "Thinking about a year from now, do you think interest rates will get better, get worse, or be about the same as it is now?" Get Better Get Worse Stay the Same (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 39 22 35 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 49 13 35 Small Business 34 25 38 Farm Belt states 45 20 32 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 35 26 36 Senior citizens 45 11 33 Women 39 20 35 Catholics 41 19 36 Independents/Leaners 31 26 39 White Baptists 42 25 28 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information More Serious Problem for the Country: Inflation or Unemployment "If you had to choose, which do you think is a more serious economic problem for the country -- rising prices ... or ... high unemployment?" Equally Rising High Serious Prices Unemployment (Vol.) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 25 67 7 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 31 62 6 Small business 25 67 7 Farm Belt states 19 76 5 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 22 71 6 Senior citizens 40 53 6 Women 23 69 8 Catholics 23 66 10 Independents/Leaners 25 65 9 White Baptists 33 61 7 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information More Serious Problem Facing the Family: Inflation or Unemployment "If you had to choose, which do you think is a more serious economic problem for you and your family life -- rising prices ... or ... high unemployment?" Equally Rising High Serious Prices Unemp loyment (Vol.) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 66 28 5 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 74 23 1 Small business 66 27 5 Farm Belt states 72 24 3 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 65 30 4 Senior citizens 74 14 7 Women 64 29 6 Catholics 66 27 5 Independents/Leaners 56 28 5 White Baptists 71 25 3 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making Information ® Intelligent alternatives for today's decision makers 6803 Poplar Place, Suite 300, McLean, Virginia 22101, (703) 556-0001 TO: Edwin Meese III James A. Baker, III Michael K. Deaver FROM: Richard B. Wirthlin DATE: July 8, 1983: Reported orally June 28, 1983 (RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983) SUBJECT: Tax Cap Nearly five out of ten Americans (48%) oppose Congress' proposed $700 tax cap on a personal income tax refund. Respondents were asked whether they favor or oppose the following statement: This July Americans will get a tax cut. Some people believe that no one should get a tax refund that's greater than $700; others disagree. How about you, do you favor or oppose a tax cap on personal income tax refunds? Favor 45% Oppose 48 No opinion 7 (IF "OPPOSED," ASK:) Suppose you heard that a family of four with an income of $100,000 a year would receive $2,384 a year in tax cuts, while a family of four earning $30,000 a year would receive a cut of $325. Would you still oppose or would you favor putting a cap on tax refunds? Still oppose 61% Favor 33 Don't know 6 Thus while slightly more Americans are opposed to the cap, that slim margin is swamped by the argument made by the Democrats. Decision/Making/Information Tax Cap July 8, 1983 Page Two Not surprisingly, highest opposition is generated from upper-income respondents (56%). Conversely, subgroups having a majority favor- ing the tax cap include blacks (56%) and Democrats (51%). Even after actual dollar amounts were explained to those who oppose the tax cap, nearly two-thirds say they still oppose it while 33% changed their answer to favor and 6% don't know. Interestingly, men are more likely to continue to oppose the cap (67%) than women (57%). Other subgroup differences emerge among non-union members (65%) versus union members (51%), suburban residents (70%) versus rural residents (52%), and high income (72%) versus low income (59%). What is a Middle-Class Income? In order to determine which income level the phrase "middle class" encompasses respondents were asked: Now, just your best guess, how much money do you think the average middle-class American family earns in a year? Under $4,999 1% $ 5,000 - $ 9,999 4 $10,000 - $14,999 9 $15,000 - $19,999 16 $20,000 - $29,999 36 $30,000 - $39,999 24 $40,000 - $49,999 6 $50,000 - $54,999 2 $55,000 or more 2 One out of two respondents answered that middle class is between $15,000 and $30,000 a year, while another fourth said $30,000- $40,000. Only 14% answered less than $5,000 and 10% said over $40,000. Upper-income and better-educated respondents are directionally more likely to say a higher income bracket while the less-educated and lower-income respondents tend to report a lower income bracket for the middle class. Tax Cap Drawn Middle-Class: Tax Payers Interestingly, even though respondents believe that the middle class is somewhere below $30,000, a level which would not even be Decision/Making/Information Tax Cap July 8, 1983 Page Three affected by a $700 tax cap, they overwhelmingly agree with a statement President Reagan made about the tax cap and the middle class. Specifically, respondents were asked: Now I'm going to read you a list of statements that other people have made. Each statement represents a commonly- held opinion, and there are no right or wrong answers. You will probably disagee with some items and agree with others. Would you please tell me, for each statement, whether you agree or disagree. Capping the third year of the tax cut won't soak the rich, but it will drown mil- lions of taxpayers in the middle class. Agree 65% Disagree 27 No opinion 8 Two-thirds agreed with the President on this statement while slightly more than one-fourth (27%) agreed and 8% had no opinion. Highest agreement can be found among blacks (86%), Democrats (77%), non-married women (76%), lower-income respondents (71%) and liberals (72%). Respondents with advanced degrees are the only subgroup having more members disagreeing with this statement than agreeing. Decision/Making/Information The Tax Cap: Favor or Oppose "This July Americans will get a tax cut. Some people believe that no one should get a tax refund that's greater than $700; others disagree. How about you, do you favor or oppose a tax cap on personal income tax?" Favor Oppose No Opinion (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 45 49 7 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 43 52 5 Small business 42 52 5 Farm Belt states 41 53 7 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 44 52 4 Senior citizens 49 40 11 Women 43 48 9 Catholics 45 49 6 Independents/Leaners 39 53 7 White Baptists 42 50 9 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information The Tax Cap: Favor or Oppose/Push "Suppose you heard that a family of four with an income of $100,000 a year would receive a $2,384 a year in tax cuts, while a family of four earning $30,000 a year would receive a cut of $325. Would you still oppose or would you favor putting a cap on tax refunds?" Yes/ No/ No Still Oppose Now Favor Opinion (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 62 33 6 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 67 26 7 Small business 58 37 5 Farm Belt states 54 43 3 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 58 36 6 Senior citizens 54 32 14 Women 57 37 7 Catholics 59 39 2 Independents/Leaners 63 32 5 White Baptists 69 27 3 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information The Tax Cap: Drown the Middle Class Now I'm going to read you a list of statements that other people have made. Each statement represents a commonly-held opinion, and there are no right or wrong answers. You will probably disagree with some items and agree with others. Would you please tell me, for each statement, whether you ... agree ... or disagree? "Capping the third year of the tax cut won't soak the rich, but it will drown millions of taxpayers in the middle class." Agree Disagree No Opinion (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 65 27 8 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 47 43 10 Small business 66 29 5 Farm Belt states 70 21 9 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 70 25 5 Senior citizens 56 30 14 Women 71 20 9 Catholics 69 26 5 Independents/Leaners 65 25 10 White Baptists 69 24 7 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Intelligent alternatives for today's decision makers 6803 Poplar Place, Suite 300, McLean, Virginia 22101, (703) 556-0001 TO: Edwin Meese III James A. Baker, III Michael K. Deaver FROM: Richard B. Wirthlin DATE: July 8, 1983 (RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983) SUBJECT: Nuclear Arms Control American attitudes are fairly evenly split on President Reagan's nuclear arms control job rating. Currently, five out of ten (49%) Americans approve of Reagan's treatment of arms control, four in ten (43%) disapprove and 8% have no opinion. A significant gender gap emerges on the issue of arms control with 59% of the men surveyed approving of Reagan and only 40% of the women approving. Marital status also seems to be a factor in perceptions of arms control. Married men give the highest approval scores (64%) while non-married women give the lowest (37%). Other demographic differences exist along partisan lines. As is to be expected, base Republicans give high support (69%) while Democrats and liberals give low support (36%/37%). Blacks and residents of New England also give low approval ratings (-24%/33%). In order to test whether Americans correctly understand President Reagan's position on arms control, respondents were asked the following question: From what you've heard and read, which of the following two positions best describes the way Ronald Reagan feels about nuclear weapons? POSITION A Ronald Reagan believes that we must build as many nuclear weapons as quickly as we can so that we won't be pushed around by the Russians any more. Decision/Making/Information Nuclear Arms Control July 8, 1983 Page Two POSITION B Ronald Reagan believes that once the Soviets and the United States have about the same strength in nuclear weapons then nuclear weapons must be reduced dramatically to assure lasting peace and security. Position A 39% Position B 56 Neither/No opinion 5 Most Americans (56%) believe that Reagan will reduce the number of United States nuclear weapons once it has reached the same level as the Soviet Union. Four in ten (39%) continue to believe that Reagan is quickly building up the level of nuclear weapons to provide leverage for the U.S. and 5% have no opinion. These figures are similar to those given in the beginning of the year. In March and April, however, responses on this question were reversed. At that time more people believed that President Reagan was trying to increase the level of nuclear weapons in order to keep the Russians from pushing the United States around. As with the job rating, male and female subgroups have divergent opinions on President Reagan's position on nuclear arms control. Males are much more likely to say Position B (62%) than females (50%). Base Republicans (63%) are also more likely to say Position B than Democrats (50%). Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating: Arms Control "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ?" Approve Disapprove No Opinion (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 49 43 8 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 69 25 6 Small business 56 27 7 Farm Belt states 45 49 7 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 53 40 7 Senior citizens 48 39 13 Women 40 48 11 Catholics 45 49 6 Independents/Leaners 49 42 8 White Baptists 52 39 9 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan on Nuclear Arms "From what you've heard and read, which of the following two positions best describes the way Ronald Reagan feels about nuclear weapons?" POSITION A Ronald Reagan believes that we must build as many nuclear weapons as quickly as we can so that we won't be pushed around by the Russians any more. POSITION B Ronald Reagan believes that once the Soviets and the United States have about the same strength in nuclear weapons then nuclear weapons must be reduced dramatically to assure lasting peace and security. Nov Jan Jan Mar Apr Apr 23-24 7-10 27-29 17-21 7-10 27-28 1982 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 Position A 39 * 35 56 54 * Position B 51 * 58 36 40 * Neither 2 * 3 3 2 * No opinion 8 * 4 5 4 * May Jun 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 Position A * 39 Position B * 56 Neither * 3 No opinion * 2 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Position on Nuclear Weapons: Reagan "Now, from what you've heard and read, which of these two positions best describes the way Ronald Reagan feels about nuclear weapons?" POSITION A Ronald Reagan believes that we must build as many nuclear weapons as quickly as we can so that we won't be pushed around by the Russians any more. POSITION B Ronald Reagan believes that once the Soviets and the United States have about the same strength in nuclear weapons then nuclear weapons must be reduced dramatically to assure lasting peace and security. Neither/ Position A Position B No Opinion (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 39 56 5 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 33 63 4 Small Business 34 62 3 Farm Belt states 39 54 7 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 36 61 3 Senior citizens 32 56 12 Women 43 50 7 Catholics 41 55 4 Independents/Leaners 39 55 6 White Baptists 37 57 6 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Intelligent alternatives for today's decision makers 6803 Poplar Place, Suite 300, McLean, Virginia 22101, (703) 556-0001 TO: Paul Laxalt Frank J. Fahrenkopf FROM: Richard B. Wirthlin DATE: July 8, 1983 (RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983) SUBJECT: Presidential Performance The President's general job approval rating remained consistent with the ratings of June; our reading note only a slight 2% drop in overall approval (53% approve/41% disapprove). Specific ratings on the economy, unemployment, social security, and inflation show marginal improvement, with the biggest upswing coming in the assessment of Reagan's handling of foreign policy (6% improvement since May). Respondent's were asked: Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ? Strng Smwht Smwht Smwht No Apprv Apprv Disap Disap Opin His job as President 23% 30% 18% 23% 6% The economy 24 28 20 27 1 Foreign affairs 17 36 19 21 7 Unemployment 13 23 19 43 2 Inflation 27 26 16 29 2 Social security 16 25 18 37 4 General Since March of this year, Reagan's job approval has hovered between 50% and 55%. After a rather sharp collapse in late summar and fall, the President's rating went against historical standards for the third year, first term and picked up ten points. Now his current job rating is nearly identical to what it was at this same time last year. Decision/Making/Information Presidential Performance July 8, 1983 Page Two As has been the case in previous months, Reagan retains high job approval ratings from his base support groups: Republicans (88%), upper-income voters (75%) and conservatives (62%). His approval rating has dropped among voters 45 to 64, but among senior citizens his approval rating rose to 60%. Geographically, his support remains strong in the Mountain States (61% approve) and has improved in the Farm Belt region (56% approve). Not surprisingly, his lowest job approval is found among the same groups as in previous months, with blacks expressing the highest disapproval (78%), followed by Democrats, the lesser educated, self-identified liberals, lower-income voters and union members. Blue-collar workers, in general, approve of the job Reagan is doing (55%), but specifically, among blue-collar workers who are also union members, his approval rating drops to 45% approve. The gender gap is particularly evident between married men (64% approve) and nonmarried women (44% approve) -- a 20-percentage point difference. In general, males give the President a 61% approval rating, while women give him only 47%. Economy Perhaps fueled by the good news regarding economic growth in the first quarter of 1983 and the projected adjusted growth rate for the rest of the year -- between 5% and 6% -- assessment of Reagan's handling of the economy is continuing its upward climb that started in January of this year. In this latest survey, 52% approve of what Reagan is doing -- up from 50% in May. Private economists added a further positive note suggesting that second quarter growth estimates also reflect a "broadening" of the recovery. This upswing is reflected throughout all elements of the nation. His biggest supporters are again base Republicans, the more affluent, conservatives, and men. Another particularly good sign is the continued positive perceptions of the people most likely to be aware of the recovery and Reagan's roll in it -- those with at least a college degree. Negative sentiments are expressed by the less affluent, Democrats, liberals, less educated, blacks, and women; however, even among these somewhat disaffected groups, there is an increase in Reagan's approval rating. The gap between men and women though, has increased from 15% in May, to 19%. Women's sentiments in general did not improve, but those for non-marrried women, however, improved 8 percentage points. Decision/Making/Information Presidential Performance July 8, 1983 Page Three Foreign Affairs For the past six months, approval of the President's handling of United States foreign affairs has remained stable between 44% and 47% of the populace. In June, however, his largest net job rating improvement is the 6 percentage point increase in his approval rating -- 47% in May to 53% now -- of his handling of foreign affairs. Attitudes are most positive among the more upscale voters; base Republicans, the affluent, and those with some college education or more -- essentially the same groups who have consistently given Reagan good appraisals over the past few months. Among the swing constituencies, there were stronger positive increases among Farm Belt residents (plus 11% to 51% approve), blue-collar workers (plus 8% to 56% approve), and senior citizens (plus 11% to 47% approve), with the smallest net gain (plus 4% to 46% approve) coming among women. Unaffiliated voters express lower approval in June (42% approve) than in May (46% approve). Also, in May the gap between men and women was 10%; now, the gap has increased to 14%, with non-married women the most critical. Inflation Approval of Reagan's handling of inflation climbed for the second month in a row. Although the inflation rate was slightly higher in the first quarter of this year, the Commerce Department's estimate for the current quarter is approximately 4% -- well below the double digit days of Jimmy Carter. These numbers are not failing to impress the American people. As with the economy, the overall impression of Reagan's control of inflation continues to improve essentially among most of our key subgroups. Again, his highest marks are given by those most likely to be aware of moderation in the inflation rate: college graduates (72%), postgraduates (72%), and and those with some college (65%). Other groups giving high approval marks are Republicans (80%), upper-income voters (76%) and men (65%). Senior citizens -- those most likely on fixed incomes -- have increased their approval from 41% in May to 60% now. Consistent with the other job ratings tested, women are much more negative (44% approve) than men (65% approve). The perception of men has improved 8 percentage points compared with only a 2% increase for women. Decision/Making/Information Presidential Performance July 8, 1983 Page Four Unemployment Although the unemployment rate is dropping slowly and inspite of predictions for high unemployment through at least next year, Reagan's job approval of his handling of unemployment continues to rise, but also slowly. Starting with a low of 26% in January 1983, his approval rating has climbed ten percentage points to 36%. This is still a relatively weak assessment of his performance on this issue with nearly two-thirds (62%) disapproving, but the trends are positive. In terms of absolute gains in his approval rating, there is an across-the-board increase since May among several groups. Only a few segments give him majority approval; among those groups are respondents of college and postgraduate education. The gap between men and women is not pronounced on the issue of unemployment. Blue-collar workers (34% approve) and Farm Belt residents (36%) are more alienated towards Reagan on economic issues like unemployment than they are generally with other concerns. Social Security Reagan's job rating on the social security issue dropped slightly this month, with disapproval rising to 55%. As in previous months, an interesting phenomenon continues to manifest itself: those individuals most directly affected by any reductions or freezes in social security benefits gave the President above average approval for his work on the program: senior citizens (59% approve) and 55 to 64 year olds (44% approve). As with unemployment, approval among any one particular segment of society seldom reaches 50%. The strongest supporters of the President's work are Republicans, senior citizens, the affluent, and college graduates. There exists a significant difference between urban dwellers (34%) and their counterparts in the suburbs (46%) those in the rural areas (44%). Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating -- General "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling his job as President?" Feb Jun Sep Jan Jun Sep 20-22 12-14 18-28 11-19 15-22 23-27 1981 1981 1981 1982 1982 1982 Approve 70 67 60 60 52 51 Disapprove 14 27 33 33 40 43 No opinion 16 6 7 7 8 6 Jan Jan Mar Apr Apr May 7-10 27-29 17-21 7-10 27-28 27-30 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 Approve 46 44 50 50 50 55 Disapprove 49 50 46 46 44 41 No opinion 5 5 4 4 6 4 Jun 25-27 1983 Approve 53 Disapprove 41 No opinion 6 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING General Percent 100 Approve 90 Disapprove 80 70 No Opinion 60 60 54 53 51 50 50 40 41 44 40 42 33 30 20 Decision/Making/Informati 10 7 7 6 6 6 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 3 4 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING Intensity of Response Percent 100 Strongly Approve 90 Strongly Disapprove 80 70 60 50 40 30 30 27 23 24 20 23 23 20 19 Decision/Making/Informati 10 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating: General "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling his job as President? Would that be strongly (approve/disapprove) or just somewhat (approve/disapprove)?" Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly No Approve Approve Disapprove Disapprove Opinion (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 23 40 18 23 6 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 50 35 7 4 4 Small Business 24 37 15 18 6 Farm Belt states 22 34 17 14 13 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 21 34 21 18 6 Senior citizens 35 25 13 25 2 Women 20 27 21 26 6 Catholics 18 33 17 24 8 Independents/Leaners 20 37 18 19 6 White Baptists 23 35 17 21 4 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating -- Economy "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ?" Mar Jul Oct Jan Jun Sep 6-9 16-18 5-14 11-19 15-22 23-27 1981 1981 1981 1982 1982 1982 Approve 63 61 66 57 45 44 Disapprove 23 33 28 40 51 52 No opinion 14 6 5 3 4 4 Jan Jan Mar Apr Apr May 7-10 27-29 17-21 7-10 27-28 27-30 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 Approve 38 40 44 47 49 50 Disapprove 58 57 54 52 49 48 No opinion 4 3 2 1 2 2 Jun 25-27 1983 Approve 52 Disapprove 47 No opinion 1 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING The economy Percent 100 Approve 90 Disapprove 80 70 No Opinion 60 58 57 50 52 50 49 48 47 40 40 46 38 30 20 Decision/Making/informati 10 4 4 3 4 1 0 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 3 4 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating: Economy "Now a little more specifically. I am going to read you a list of issues. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you strongly approve ... somewhat approve somewhat disapprove ... or strongly disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling each of these issues:" Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Approve Approve Disapprove Disapprove (%) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 24 28 20 27 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 48 35 9 8 Small Business 25 32 19 23 Farm Belt states 19 38 18 23 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 19 31 21 28 Senior citizens 34 21 21 21 Women 18 25 22 32 Catholics 21 33 17 29 Independents/Leaners 22 34 19 25 : White Baptists 23 32 21 24 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating -- Foreign Affairs "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ?" Mar Jul Oct Jan Jun Sep 6-9 16-18 5-14 11-19 15-22 23-27 1981 1981 1981 1982 1982 1982 Approve 60 56 65 59 56 46 Disapprove 19 27 23 33 34 43 No opinion 21 16 12 8 10 11 Jan Jan Mar Apr Apr May 7-10 27-29 17-21 7-10 27-28 27-30 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 Approve 46 45 41 44 46 47 Disapprove 44 40 49 48 46 44 No opinion 10 14 10 8 8 9 Jun 25-27 1983 Approve 53 Disapprove 40 No opinion 7 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING Foreign Affairs Percent 100 Approve 90 Disapprove 80 70 No Opinion 60 59 56 53 50 40 40 34 30 33 20 Decision/Making/Informati 10 7 10 8 0 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 3 4 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating: Foreign Affairs "Now a little more specifically. I am going to read you a list of issues. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you strongly approve ... somewhat approve ... somewhat disapprove ... or strongly disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling each of these issues:" Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly No Approve Approve Disapprove Disapprove Opinion (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 17 36 19 21 7 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 32 46 6 8 8 Small Business 20 35 17 21 7 Farm Belt states 23 28 17 25 7 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 14 43 18 20 5 Senior citizens 23 24 16 22 15 Women 12 35 19 25 9 Catholics 12 39 18 24 7 Independents/Leaners 14 36 21 23 6 White Baptists 20 35 17 19 9 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating -- Inflation "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ?" Jan Jun Sep Jan Jan Mar 11-19 15-22 23-27 7-10 27-29 17-21 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 Approve 51 41 43 42 44 49 Disapprove 43 53 52 55 55 48 No opinion 6 6 5 3 3 3 Apr Apr May Jun 7-10 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 1983 Approve 47 * 50 53 Disapprove 50 * 47 45 No opinion 3 * 3 2 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING Inflation Percent 100 Approve 90 Disapprove 80 70 No Opinion 60 57 53 51 49 50 48 45 43 40 38 30 20 Decision/Making/Informati 10 6 5 3 2 0 1 3 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 3 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating: Inflation "Now a little more specifically. I am going to read you a list of issues. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you strongly approve ... somewhat approve somewhat disapprove ... or strongly disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling each of these issues:" Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly No Approve Approve Disapprove Disapprove Opinion (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 27 26 16 29 2 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 50 29 6 12 2 Small Business 31 28 12 27 3 Farm Belt states 16 39 21 23 1 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 23 28 15 31 2 Senior citizens 33 27 11 26 3 Women 21 23 19 35 2 Catholics 22 30 17 29 2 Independents/Leaners 28 28 14 28 2 White Baptists 30 22 15 32 2 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating -- Unemployment "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ?" Jan Jun Sep Jan Jan Mar 11-19 15-22 23-27 7-10 27-29 17-21 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 Approve 34 30 30 26 28 31 Disapprove 57 64 63 70 67 65 No opinion 9 6 7 4 5 4 Apr Apr May Jun 7-10 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 1983 33 * Approve 34 36 63 * Disapprove 62 62 No opinion 4 * 4 2 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING Unemployment Percent 100 Approve 90 Disapprove 80 70 70 No Opinion 62 57 60 50 40 36 34 30 26 20 Decision/Making/Informati 10 9 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 3 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 Decision/Making Information Reagan Job Rating: Unemployment "Now a little more specifically. I am going to read you a list of issues. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you strongly approve ... somewhat approve ... somewhat disapprove ... or strongly disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling each of these issues:" Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly No Approve Approve Disapprove Disapprove Opinion (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 13 23 19 43 2 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 27 36 15 18 2 Small Business 14 24 19 42 3 Farm Belt states 8 28 15 47 1 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 12 21 23 41 2 Senior citizens 22 24 13 38 2 Women 10 22 19 48 2 Catholics 13 19 20 47 2 Independents/Leaners 11 25 21 42 1 White Baptists 16 23 24 37 1 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating -- Social Security "Do you approve or disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling ?" Jul Sep Jan Jan Mar Apr 16-19 23-27 7-10 27-29 17-21 7-10 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1983 Approve 40 36 35 35 33 35 Disapprove 52 55 57 58 60 60 No opinion 8 9 8 6 7 5 Apr May Jun 27-28 27-30 25-27 1983 1983 1983 Approve 43 42 41 Disapprove 52 51 55 No opinion 5 7 4 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 REAGAN JOB RATING Social Security Percent 100 Approve 90 Disapprove 80 70 No Opinion 62 60 55 52 50 41 40 40 29 30 20 Decision/Making/Informati 10 8 9 4 0 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 3 4 4 5 6 1982 Month 1983 Decision/Making/Information Reagan Job Rating: Social Security "Now a little more specifically. I am going to read you a list of issues. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you strongly approve ... somewhat approve ... somewhat disapprove ... or strongly disapprove of the way Ronald Reagan is handling each of these issues:" Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly No Approve Approve Disapprove Disapprove Opinion (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Aggregate 16 25 18 37 4 Strength Constituencies Base Republican 30 35 15 18 3 Small Business 12 26 20 36 6 Farm Belt states 6 34 22 35 3 Swing Constituencies Blue-collar workers 10 25 20 40 5 Senior citizens 37 21 13 28 1 Women 15 22 19 40 4 Catholics 13 24 20 39 4 Independents/Leaners 14 23 20 38 5 White Baptists 16 20 18 41 5 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983 Decision/Making/Information& Intelligent alternatives for today's decision makers 6803 Poplar Place, Suite 300, McLean, Virginia 22101, (703) 556-0001 TO: Paul Laxalt Frank Fahrenkopf FROM: Richard B. Wirthlin DATE: July 7, 1983 (RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983) SUBJECT: Federal Entitlement Programs Over three-fourths (78%) of the Americans polled say they have never heard of federal entitlement programs and those who have are rarely able to identify these programs. Now, have you ever heard of the phrase -- "federal entitlement programs?" (IF YES, ASK:) And from what you've heard and read, what are "federal entitlement programs?" No, never heard of 78% Social security 4 Medicaid 1 Medicare 1 Food stamps 2 Aid to families with dependent children 2 Other 11 No opinion 9 The awareness and understanding of federal entitlement programs correlates directly to education: 85% of those with less than high school educations have never heard of the programs, while 44% of those with postgraduate work are unfamiliar with federal entitlements. These postgraduate respondents name social security most frequently when asked to describe the program. Differences among other demographic subgroups are minimal. Decision/Making/Information Federal Entitlement Programs "Now, have you ever heard of the phrase -- 'federal entitlement programs?'" No, never heard of 78% Yes, heard of 13 No opinion 9 "And from what you've heard and read, what are 'federal entitlement programs?'" Social security 4% Medicaid 1 Medicare 1 Food Stamps 2 Aid to families with dependent children 2 Other 11 RNC83-7: June 25-27, 1983