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Miscellaneous Memos and Correspondence January 1983-March 1983 (2)
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118569494
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Miscellaneous Memos and Correspondence January 1983-March 1983 (2)
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Records of the White House Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff (Reagan Administration)
Michael K. Deaver's Correspondence Files
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Deaver, Michael Folder Title: Miscellaneous Memos-1982 (January-5 of 10) Box: 26 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ WASHINGTON, D.C. Date April 21, 1982 TO: MIKE DEAVER FROM: THE VICE PRESIDENT Mike -- I'm rushing. Attached is a letter from Father Ted Hesburgh. I'm not pushing his idea at all, but I am passing this letter along to you because he requests to see you. If you had a few minutes, I think it would be worthwhile. I told him you were conversant with the President's views on arms reduction. I expect that his suggestion about me going to Moscow would run into an obstacle or two! G.B. discussipe with - University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Office of the President Cable Address "Bulac" April 14, 1982 Honorable George Bush Vice President of the United States Washington, D. C. Dear George: Excuse my familiarity, but I feel more uncomfortable saying Mr. Vice President, although indeed you are and we all honor you in that high post. Norman Cousins and I greatly appreciated our cordial and lengthy interview with you and Admiral Murphy. I had the impression that we opened up some very important areas for further discussion, as well as action. Norman will be sending you a memorandum regarding the points we made. It occurred to both of us that following your suggestion, it might be helpful if we had this same dis- cussion with Michael Deaver at the White House. It would be much easier for us to open up the possibility of your visit to Moscow and the historical message that might be contained in the President S June speech to the United Nations in New York, including a possible meeting with Mr. Brezhnev. Both Norman and I feel strongly about the importance of your being an integral part of this total mission because we cannot think of anyone else, in or out of government, who could convey to the Russians the proper psychological situation that might lead to their greater cooperation and understanding. Needless to say, Norman and I stand ready to help in any way possible and perhaps the most important immediate contribution would be to convey our feelings to the President's trusted aide. We both believe that the actions we propose would be enormously helpful for world peace and that key to the success of this effort would be your presence in Moscow and the President's in New York. - 2 - I have not checked with Norman, but I must address our alumni in Washington on April 20, next week. We are moving into the busiest time of the academic year, so if something could be done quickly, we stand ready to do our best. On another matter, I am enclosing a letter I received from the Provost of the University recently which deals with a matter in which you and your staff have been most helpful, namely calming down the regulators. I am sure the letter is self-explanatory and I would appreciate it if it might be passed on to the appropriate person on your staff. Once more, please give my thanks to your dear wife for the marvelous contribution she made here. I have heard nothing but praise of her efforts upon my return. I'm only sorry I was not here to greet her when she arrived. All best wishes and a prayer for peace, too. Cordially Fr. Ind yours, (Rev.) Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C. President THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 5, 1982 MEMORANDUM FOR MICHAEL DEAVER EHD Heaments FROM: ELIZABETH H. DOLE SUBJECT: CEO Dinner with the President As I previously mentioned, I believe one important tool in cementing support from the major business organizations for the President's program would be to invite the five CEOs and their spouses, for a dinner with President and Mrs. Reagan in the family quarters. Many of these individuals have previously been invited to the White House but few, if any, have ever enjoyed the intimacy of the family quarters. Such a small group (under 20 including White House staff) would permit the CEOs to relax with the President and allow the President to make the kind of quiet person-to-person appeal for support that only he can do. I would propose the CEOs of the United States Chamber, The National Association of Manufacturers, The Business Roundtable, The National Federation of Independent Business and the American Business Conference. 5/7 MKD 9 think this in a Approved Disapproved good idea if then folhs support our nound budged you of CC: Edwin Meese III James Baker, III them heal with us- doni do JAHN THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON April 16, 1982 MEMORANDUM FOR MICHAEL DEAVER FROM: RED CAVANEY SUBJECT: Summer Initiatives: An Overview The current economic dislocation in both our own country and the rest of the world provides us with a backdrop capable of nurturing large scale demonstrations and public scenes of frustration later this spring and summer. The interaction of a large number of unemployed (particularly minority youth), students free of attendance responsibilities, hot weather, and the prospect of little immediate relief markedly increases the potential for public demonstrations as compared to other recent years, particularly when juxtaposed upon the grassroots strength of the nuclear freeze issue. The weight of factors may be so great as to preclude a summer without some demonstra- tions. Peaceful demonstrations of protest and support are the right of a citizen and not necessarily debilitating in a political sense. Peaceful demonstrations, like other legal avenues of expression, are vehicles utilized by citizens who maintain hope that their involvement in "due process" will provide for a better tomorrow. Violent demonstrations and riots represent a public venting of private frustrations by those who despair of a better tomorrow and have given up hope. It is the what- have-I-got-to-lose, go-for-broke attitude, embraced by a crowd. Added to each of the aforementioned is a social component: people who are not deeply committed to the expressed views of the demonstration but who are "along for the ride" in the absence of any compelling alternatives. Not surprisingly, this element can be very significant. The "critical mass" theory of crowd building is that once a respectable core group of "X" number of people can be guaranteed for a given event, an aggressive publicity effort will draw heavily on the social component; thereby converting advertising claims of massive support into a self-fulfilling prophecy. The media perceives added "weight" to the cause, as a result of sheer numbers. 2 OBJECTIVE Some level of peaceful demonstrations is virtually inevitable, given the activity and focus accorded the nuclear freeze issue and the likelihood that their forums will attract others who wish to make public statements. Within the constraints of available resources (time, manpower, budget constraints and programmatics), an effort should be expended to diffuse the intensity of the most critical issues. This in turn, will result in a reduction in the intensity and size of those demonstrations that do occur. Of paramount importance, however, is the avoidance of riots and, to a lesser degree, violent demonstrations. These out- pourings of hatred mask an absence of hope and a perceived failure of the future. They conjure up recollections of the worst of recent pasts, when our public leaders failed us. They, as much as anything, serve as graphic reminders that we have failed to meet the challenge of the future and that we are socially and economically regressing. A society built on hope and a faith in the future will repudiate leadership perceived as going backwards, not forward, before it will lay the blame at its own feet. It is absolutely critical to buttress the element of hope in every segment of our society and, wherever possible, remove any doubts that the President has a sound plan for moving us into the future, is firmly in control and cares that each citizen has the right to make his tomorrow better than today. DEMONSTRATION PROFILES For purposes of discussion, possible demonstrations will be divided into four categories as follows: Urban Disadvantaged Displaced Workers Self Determinists Nuclear Freeze Urban Disadvantaged. Easily the most volatile and possessing of potential for extreme action, this group is clearly susceptible to an abandonment of hope. Joblessness has not just recently descended upon this group, rather has grown slowly over recent times as our economy has failed to expand enough to enable them to be absorbed. The significant number of unemployed Black teenagers make this situation particularly difficult to improve, since it would require the rapid employment of numbers far in excess of those workers displaced over the course of the past 12-15 months. 3 The advent of the recession, its apparent deepening as reported by the media, and the inordinate focus on the extreme plight of the poor by the media, has served to concentrate the frustrations of this group on President Reagan and his "discredited" economic and social policies. The lack of suitable recreational activities exacerbates an already difficult situation -- too many people with too much time on their hands and nothing to do. This can only get worse over the coming months. Much is needed to restore hope to this group. A hiring level based on our current economic assumptions is not enough economic momentum to restore hope to this group. Their frustation component is likely to be minimized only through a perceived improvement in the national quality of life for the disadvantaged, as well as notable momentum in the jobs market. We have got to create a climate where the expectation for an eventual job will replace the frustration of no job possibility. With the economy remaining on the sluggish side, there are not enough dollars to gainfully employ or actively train the urban jobless. To do nothing, however, is to accept violence as almost inevitable. Through either the private or public sector or both, we must create some momentum in order to change the psychological landscape in the ghettos. Since there is no magic solution which will work in all situations, optimum results may be obtained from individual federal/state/local planning units whose focus would be on the best alternatives and solutions in each of a given number of target cities. For example, an analysis unit headed by Rich Williamson might review the top 50 cities in the nation and categorize these areas as to their susceptibility to violent demonstrations. If ten cities were determined as highly vulnerable we could then concentrate our efforts on those cities while continuing to monitor all other key ones. In this case, however, the highly vulnerable classification would be a priority for targeted funds from a "federal funds bank." In addition to the development of summer job programs for youth, we should also consider funding self-improvement projects in the high unemployment areas. For example, since we cannot give everyone a job, we might look to combining public/private funds for the purchase of materials to be used for self- improvement projects, i.e., sod, cement, trees and lights for the creation of "pocket parks"; lights, paint, asphalt and cleaning materials for the cosmetic improvement of public buildings. Using the PSI approach, we can get community leaders and organizations to move into these projects and seek to involve those who are between jobs. Nothing helps restore pride like the feeling that one is wanted and is making a contribution. The PSI Task Force gives us an excellent mechanism to at least look into the feasibility of this approach. 4 We might also wish to consider joint funding/sponsorship for bi- weekly entertainment extravagazas where national and local talent come into the neighborhood and provide free concerts. While there is concern that this might serve as a magnet for demon- strations, it should be noted that, properly handled, it can also provide an element of hope, something to look forward to, and a symbol that people really do care about the plight of the dis- advantaged. There are countless other variations on the basic theme of doing something to show care and to restore hope. It is questionable as to whether or not we have the luxury to let the problem work itself out. We should establish a Summer Projects Working Group whose task is to develop a list of potential undertakings that will help relieve tension and create hope for those in the target cities. Suggested but not be limited to Private Sector Initiatives, Intergovernmental Relations, Public Liaison, Policy Development, Cabinet Secretary, Communications, OMB and ACTION. Displaced Workers. Unlike the urban disadvantaged, this group was created as a result of the dislocations of the current reces- sion. These people have recently held a job, have demonstrated they want a job and feel they have been stripped of their pride as a result of their recent dislocation. In a general sense, these people can be categorized by industry and national geography, but not by specific neighborhood. This is an important difference between this group and the urban disadvantaged, who are clearly identified by heavy neighborhood concentrations of joblessness. Since this group has already demonstrated a commitment to and greater investment in the system, they may possess a higher degree of tolerance before abandoning hope. The relative absence of heavy neighborhood concentrations works to keep this group from resorting to the extremes that can befall workers who are on a block where no one has a job. This group wants to believe the system works and is stretching to see positive signs which, in turn, will restore their faith in the future. It will not take significant improvements in our economy in order for this group to start back to work. Even if a person is not one of the very first rehired, the fact that a neighbor is back to work restores hope and means the next job is just around the corner. The power of the President will be very important to this group, since they want to believe. They will be looking to him for hope and, as long as they are convinced he is on the right track, they will hold fast. Since facts and figures will be sending mixed signals for a time, these people will focus on Presidential "presence" for their hope. They want to be stirred and need reassurance that the hope of their fathers is not lost. The symbols of what the President does will mean as much as anything 5 else. This is the group that wants the strong Memorial Day message, the calls to glory given at high school and college commencements and the highly patriotic Fourth of July. This group is primarily unionist and blue collar and we are already aware of extensive plans by the AFL-CIO and the Democratic Party to undertake an extensive propaganda campaign against the President for a failure of his policies. We are going to be faced with tremendous pressure between now and the fall elec- tion, however, it should be noted that we have yet to see data that shows the blue collar workers react in a significantly different pattern from the population in general. In terms of resources, relatively little needs to be channeled into this area. Continued progress in restoring vitality to the economy will provide the greatest "shot in the arm" and, until that can be enjoyed by all, we need to have the President keep alive the national flame of hope for these people. It is not envisioned that a special group is needed in this instance, rather a unique sensitivity for these needs when developing the President's schedule. The RNC should increase its efforts at getting out good news at the grassroots to help supplement the President's national activities. Self-Determinists. By and large, this group either holds a job, is a student or a homemaker. Their ranks will not be markedly swelled by an increase in unemployment, nor will the intensity of their involvement. Self-determinists are individuals who feel the government has yet to do enough to allow them their full freedom of expression. The equal rights, gay rights and human rights movements. are two examples of self-determinist groups. There is very little this Administration can or should do to appease these groups, most of whom are not supportive constituents. The weight of their presence is less likely to be felt through their own demonstrations than by joining with other groups to keep their message constantly in front of the public eye. Their impact is less in numbers and more in the intensity of their key advocacy. It's possible this entire group will be absorbed into the larger nuclear freeze issue and will use that issue as a bandwagon on which to hang its banners. Nuclear Freeze. More than almost any issue in recent times, the subject of nuclear freeze is rapidly gaining a momentum and is likely to capture the public debate at the expense of virtually everything other than jobs. The appeal of the nuclear freeze issue cuts across traditional party lines as well as, although to a lesser degree, ideological lines. Like the first two categories, hope is the key issue in this debate. The prospect that nuclear war will eradicate all our tomorrows drains all 6 meaning from the word "hope" and, therefore, frames discussion on this issue in the most basic of terms -- either life or death. The spate of books to be introduced this spring and summer and the media focus on massive peace demonstrations while the President is in Europe, when added to what is projected to be a very successful Ground Zero Week, will propel the nuclear freeze issue into the forefront of conventional folklore and make it the catalyst for a number of summertime demonstrations. We are being placed in the tactically difficult position of having to deal with the Just War Doctrine in a nuclear environ- ment in which man's basic fear is so fundamental that his views are unlikely to be changed. In the final analysis it is likely to be people's reactions, rather than the intellectual weight of the argument, that will make the difference. The volatility of these reactions rests, as much as anything, with how the President comports himself on the world stage. Serious confrontations can be minimized if the public perceives the President as an honest man wrestling with a very real dilemma. We are fighting a two-pronged war on the nuclear freeze issue -- the strategic national security threat and the domestic political threat. An entire generation, who has not been forced to grapple with the personal and moral consequences of worldwide war, is now forced to face up to the issue. This is further exacerbated by the moral implications involving the potential destruction of mankind. Amongst other points, this latter explains the high degree of involvement and activitism by such a large number of U.S. churches and clergy. The value of the support of the organized church (primarily Catholic, Methodist and Presbyterian) cannot be overstated, for their presence provides the thoughtful moral weight that is critical to the success of the grassroots effort. It would appear exceedingly difficult to totally neutralize the grassroots movement on the nuclear freeze issue. To minimize its intensity, it is absolutely critical that the President continue to enjoy the tactical advantage in the arms reduction debate with the USSR. We should constantly be on the move to ensure that we outflank the Russians on this issue, keeping them off balance and in use of defensive rhetoric. The President's Zero Option speech and challenge to Brezhnev to join him in June are excellent examples of this tactic at work. There should be constant dialogue, both in Washington and in key media centers throughout the nation, regarding the key factors in the debate and the alternatives. We must look at this in terms of a major educational exercise and one in which daily journalists, both print and electronic, are more likely to be sympathetic to the freeze arguments. Our communications 7 effort should be directed toward gaining the advantage on the editorial side, where the merits of the issue have a better chance of prevailing over the public relations aspects. We should enlist available surrogates in the private spector who can speak to the complex issues involved in the debate. Key in this area, as a core group, might be the 100 defense and foreign affairs advisors to the campaign. In addition to the develop- ment of an inventory of speakers, we must also search out a wide range of forums. Besides the normal range of world affairs councils, we should also look to foundations to host public debates on the issue, e.g. AEI, the Institute for Strategic Studies, the National Defense Forum, etc. In the final analysis, it may be best not to deride those who hold the freeze idea so closely, since their beliefs may be strongly rooted in the morals of the argument. We should look to a strategy which provides us with constant and increasing weight in support of the pragmatic approaches to dealing with the issue of national defense. A recent poll conducted by a firm in West Germany indicated that better than nine out of ten Americans would fight an attempt to overthrow their government and overrun their country by the USSR. This is several times greater then the percentage garnered in the other major industralized countries. It is important, for it demonstrates that, short of no tomorrows, the American public is overwhelmingly dedicated to the protection of our freedoms. For the past few months, the Ground Zero organization has been in the lead on advocacy of the freeze issue in the U.S. It is the driving force behind Ground Zero Week, a seven-day highly- sophisticated grassroots educational effort that will be fully underway in 150 metropolitan areas, 500 smaller communities and on 330 college campuses. This is a nonpartisan effort aimed at working from the bottom up. The current leadership is dedicated to the educational rather than confrontational approach. Already developing, however, are challenges from other leaders for pre- eminence in the debate. The challenges are expected to carry more weight as we move toward summer and the public momentum becomes greater. It is hard to envision this issue staying totally in the Ground Zero framework and not mainifesting itself in some large demonstrations. Attached is background material on Ground Zero Week and related matters. It is recommended that we form a Preparedness Working Group to fully develop the above and implement a strategy designed to counter public momentum on the nuclear freeze issue. The objectives should be two-fold: to win the argument on the merits and to keep the issue from fomenting a grassfire of local 8 demonstrations. Composition of the group might include, among others; Staff and Cabinet Secretaries, Intergovernmental Relations, Legislative Affairs, Public Liaison, Political Affairs, Counsel, Policy Development, NSC, FEMA, Justice and the Vice President's office. CONCLUSION It would appear as though we should focus our effort at the urban disadvantaged and the nuclear freeze issue, each of which will require a different strategy. The problem of the displaced workers will gradually be resolved as the economy improves, and the self-determinists, who are in opposition to the policies of this Administration, cannot be mollified. Under the auspices of your group, you may wish to go forward with the establishment of two key working groups: The Summer Projects Working Group for the disadvantaged worker strategy and imple- mentation, and the Preparedness Working Group for the nuclear freeze issue. Due to the amount of work involved and the consequences of doing nothing, I suggest the appointment of a separate staff person to head each of the working groups to concentrate solely on that project. They should report to a single contact on Senior Staff to ensure the overall effort is coordinated. Both working groups should keep a low profile but have the full support of the Administration in order to obtain necessary resources in a timely and efficient fashion. CORD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 5, 1982 MEMORANDUM FOR MICHAEL K. DEAVER FROM: WILLIAM F. SITTMANN SUBJECT: SUMMER ALTERNATIVES MEMORANDUM In Red Cavaney's memorandum to you, a presentation is made to you of the possible types of demonstrations that may occur this summer. In this regard, Red's memo raises points con- cerning why demonstrations may occur, what kinds of people will be involved, and alternatives that could be employed to deter or limit the affects of such uprisings. Types of demonstrations: 1) Urban disadvantaged, a group most susceptible to "abandoning" hope for a better life. This group includes black teenages and the cronically unemployed. Recent media attention of these people, as well as the media's attempt to discredit the President's economic program, heightens the prospects of demonstrations in major cities. This group has vast numbers on its side to increase the impact - and possible violence - of a demonstration. 2) Displaced workers, those people who have been recently dislocated from employment. This is a much more tolerant i.e., more peaceful, group since they have a deep commitment to and investment in the system. People who have been un- employed for less than a year have still have hope that the employment situation willimprove. It is important to note that displaced workers don't usually live in pockets as do the urban disadvantaged. 3) Self-determinists, these are people who are usually employed inside or outside of the home, or are students who stand be- hind issues; including, gay rights, right to life, equal rights, etc. This is advocacy at its best and there is lit- tle we can do to prevent such demonstrations. The impact of self-determinists' demonstrations comes from the intensity of their issues. 4) Nuclear freeze, made up of all types of people and cuts across traditional party lines. The vast assortment of new printed materials distributed this spring as well as the -2- very real threat of war intensifies the impact of a demon- stration by this group. In Red's analysis of this group, he makes a very strong point of the two-pronged war arising from the nuclear freeze issue which includes those oriented to a strong national security versus the anti-war (made up up an entire generation of young professionals who haven't had to grapple with a world-wide war) people who include churches and the clergy who are especially concerned with the quality of life and the distruction of mankind. Recommendations that Red has made include focusing a White House group on the Urban disadvantaged and the Nuclear freeze groups. He feels that it would be wise to develop a list of undertakings that would be aimed at relieving tensions and create hope before an opportunity for a demonstration develops. Included in his list are entertainment extravaganzas, self-improvement projects, and quasi-community improvement programs. He sees this as a place where the PSI can be involved as well as others. With regards to the nuclear freeze groups, Red advises that the President continue to discuss the arms reduction debate with the Soviets. He suggests using this issue as an educational exercise through debate and media in order to present both sides of the nuclear issue. A Preparedness Working Group is suggested to work on keeping this group at a low roar. UND A NATiONWidE WEEK of NON-PARTISAN, COMMUNiTy-bASEd ERO discussions ANd EVENTS desiGNEd TO Educate ANd iNVOLVE THE AMERiCAN people ON THE iSSUE of NUCLEAR WAR. april 18-25 1982 for information call WEEK EASY-TO-ORGANIZE ACTIVITIES FOR GROUND ZERO WEEK The following are simple things that can be done in almost any town or small city to draw attention to GROUND ZERO WEEK. Though easily organized by only a few people, these seven activities could reach and affect large numbers of your neighbors. Contact High Schools Hundreds of high schools around the country have already made plans to have programs during GROUND ZERO WEEK. Call school administration officials or teach- ers and principals directly to encourage a GROUND ZERO WEEK program using the Minicourse, slide show, or perhaps a speaker. Approach Local Churches and Synagogues Churches and synagogues can be approached through a local ecumenical group, denominational office or directly to individual pastors or rabbis. They may wish to have special services on the Saturday or Sunday of GROUND ZERO WEEK, small group studies using the Minicourse or perhaps joint services where several congre- gations come together. Most churches will be willing to announce activities from the pulpit or in a bulletin. Call Local Libraries Call libraries to make sure they know about GROUND ZERO WEEK. Mention that many libraries around the country are doing displays to show the books and re- sources that citizens can use if they want to learn more about nuclear weapons and nuclear war. Some libraries may be interested in having an evening speaker or slide show during the week. Contact Radio Talk Shows Remind local radio stations of the nationwide nature of GROUND ZERO WEEK and ask if they would like to have a discussion about nuclear war during the week. If they are interested, you should work with them to find a local doctor, professor, scientist, or minister who can discuss some aspect of the issue. Contact the Local Newspaper Call or stop by the newspaper and ask the editor to print the enclosed scenario, The Aftermath of Nuclear War in (blank), before or during GROUND ZERO WEEK. Point out that it was published by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment to provide a more concrete understanding of what life would be like after a nuclear attack in small cities that were not directly hit. (As you will see, the scenario can be quickly adapted to fit your town.) The paper may at least be willing to carry an article or brief announcement about GROUND ZERO WEEK. Approach Civic Clubs Call representatives of local civic clubs and ask them to schedule a speaker or the GROUND ZERO slide show during the week. TV Show: "Thinking Twice About Nuclear War" Call the public television (PBS) station that serves your town. Ask if they are going to show "Thinking Twice About Nuclear War" during GROUND ZERO WEEK. (The film has been made available to all PBS stations and most are showing it.) If not, urge them to schedule it. If it is being shown, invite a group of people from your neighborhood, church or club to gather somewhere and watch it together and then have a discussion afterwards. Urge others to organize similar groups. Planning GROUND ZERO WEEK Events GROUND ZERO WEEK is a time for community-based events to fulfill the needs of each locality across the country. Local autonomy is vital for GROUND ZERO to fulfill the goal of educating people about the threat of nuclear war. This is a week for people in their own localities to ask questions and express their feelings about nuclear war. For this reason, the GROUND ZERO organization and our national endorsing groups have refrained from prescribing a precise schedule for the week's events. We expect a great variety of activities for GROUND ZERO WEEK programs through- out the country. At the same time, we hope to have a standard framework in each city to communicate the basic message of GROUND ZERO WEEK: MOST AMERICAN CITIES ARE POTENTIAL "GROUND ZERO" AREAS FOR WHICH THERE IS NO PROTECTION EXCEPT THE PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR WAR. Simple events that dramatize this fact and that can reach large numbers of people through the media will greatly strengthen public awareness of GROUND ZERO WEEK goals. The GROUND ZERO organization suggests the four events listed on the next page as a skeletal framework for GROUND ZERO WEEK in your city. Each event is simple to organize and provides excellent opportunities for media explanation of the GROUND ZERO WEEK message and purpose. If at all possible, these events should be conducted at the suggested times so that they will correspond with similar activities in cities across the country. Such coordinated activity should serve to multiply the visibility and impact of GROUND ZERO WEEK. SAMPLE GROUND ZERO WEEK SUNDAY 18 APRIL "INTRODUCTION TO GROUND ZERO WEEK" Objective Explanation of Ground Zero Week and how we arrived at our current dilemma. EVENTS: Sunday newspapers carry information regarding upcoming GROUND ZERO WEEK activities, e.g. calendars, special exhibits, film listings. Special programs and sermons in churches throughout the city which stress community responsibility inherent to important national decisions, and the importance of public education on the nuclear war issue. PLACEMENT OF THE GROUND ZERO MARKER NEAR THE CENTER OF TOWN Special marker is placed at "Ground Zero" by local mayor or other elected official, indicating the official start of GROUND ZERO WEEK in the community. Run From GROUND ZERO -- An event for joggers (or walkers); participants meet at GROUND ZERO marker and see how far they can get in the estimated 30 minutes it takes for an ICBM to reach their town. MONDAY 19 APRIL "Reflection on the Past" Objective Provide programs which present the historical perspective on the threat of nuclear war. EVENTS: Local newspapers, television programs focus on the historical developments which have led to the current situation: 1) The Manhattan Project 2) The Decision to Bomb Hiroshima 3) The Decision to Bomb Nagasaki 4) Soviet Development of Nuclear Weapons, etc. Secondary school/University history classes discuss the impact of historical developments on the current environment. GROUND ZERO study tools: NUCLEAR WAR: What's In It For You?, slide show. Local museums and libraries display special photographic and book exhibits on nuclear weapons and World Wars I and II. Presentations at luncheon forums on arms competition between U.S. and Soviet Union -- Speaker or GROUND ZERO slide show. * Asterisks indicate one of the four events to take place nationwide. THURSDAY 22 April "The Consequences of Nuclear War - The Post-War World" Objective Inform people of the conditions which will prevail for the sur- vivors of a nuclear attack. EVENTS: Colleges present panels and seminars on life in the post-war world. Secondary school children will develop lists of materials and stan- dard commodities which would no longer be available following a nuclear attack. Public utility, law enforcement and medical officials and practi- tioners offer their perspectives on the community's state of affairs following a nuclear attack. (Physicians focus on longterm effects of burns, radiation, cancer risks.) FRIDAY 23 APRIL "How Can We Prevent a Nuclear War?" Objective Discussion of alternatives and specific steps already proposed. EVENTS: Secondary schools discuss prevention of nuclear war and ask students to offer their openions on the best means of prevention. Evening forum in which representatives of various policy perspec- tives make presentations and field questions from the audience on the subject of arms control/ arms build-up. Call-in shows on radio focus on U.S.-Soviet Union relationship. Speakathon -- Microphone set up in downtown area during noon and groups and individuals invited to talk briefly about how to prevent nuclear war; strict time limit enforced. Tour of GROUND ZERO What is the purpose of the Tour? To dramatize what the effects of a nuclear explosion would be throughout your city and perhaps into the surrounding suburbs. The Tour is primarily an event for media representatives (particularly television). It is an opportunity to explain the scientific facts about the destructive power of nuclear weapons through pointing out where the approximate points are that mark the concentric circles of destruction that would be caused by a one megaton bomb. The Tour also seeks to personalize the issue of nuclear destruction by showing the specific effects on local landmarks through pointing out where they fall within the likely pattern of destruction. People who participate in the tour or hear about it through the media will be able to place their house, office, children's school, etc. within the appropriate circle of destruction. What would the Tour be like? The tour should proceed from the GROUND ZERO marker in a straight line out in one direction. Because the distances between concentric circles are rather large, it will probably be necessary to take the tour by automobile. Participants and media covering the event would leave GROUND ZERO and drive toward the end of the first circle of destruction. Participants (including media) should be handed explanatory material to read along the way to the first stop which identifies what landmarks and neighborhoods within the city are. included in that circle of destruction. Upon reaching a point which approxi- mates the change in destructive potential from a one megaton weapon, all who are participating in the tour would stop briefly to note the location with small markers hung on trees or telephone poles and then receive information about the next circle they were about to enter. Participants then get back into their cars and drive to the next point as they consider, once again, landmarks and neighborhoods that fall in the next circle. Another stop takes place at the next appropriate point where destructive level declines and so forth. Probably most tours should have 2-3 stops, but some may wish to suggest more -- depending on the size of the city. How many people should attend? A large crowd is not necessary in order to have a successful tour. Indeed, a tour that involves more than 15-20 cars begins to run into real problems finding parking at each stop. If you can arrange stops that have a lot of parking, then you may wish to work for a large crowd for your tour. Otherwise, seek to get at most a few dozen people to attend. Removing the GROUND ZERO Marker What is the purpose of this ceremony? Removing the GROUND ZERO Marker symbolizes the end of GROUND ZERO WEEK. It signifies that the week's educational activities are over and that it is time for citizens to focus on preventing nuclear war. Just like the GROUND ZERO WEEK symbol that begins at GROUND ZERO and moves through the circles of destruction before pointing away in a new direction, GROUND ZERO WEEK begins with an emphasis upon the horror of nuclear war and then points citizens toward a commitment to prevent that horror from occurring. What should the content of the ceremony be? Like the opening ceremony one week earlier, it should be brief and to the point. The focus should be upon a commitment to remember what the marker has said and to work for the prevention of nuclear war. No particular public policy should be endorsed (just as is the case throughout GROUND ZERO WEEK) but those present should be urged to give a portion of their time, energy and resources to working for a world in which the horror of GROUND ZERO is never allowed to come to pass. Brief comments from people who participated in the week's activi- ties, perhaps a song and then a moment of silence to reflect on the future would constitute an adequate agenda. Obviously, local planners can change or adapt this simple idea in any way they deem appropriate. When should the removing of the marker take place? Either early afternoon (again hoping to capitalize on the churches that are just dismissing) or early evening are probably the best times. Early evening is sometimes a problem for television coverage (particularly if it is after dark) but there may be other reasons that make that a good time in your community. Attracting a big crowd is not essential, but you must pay some attention to getting people to attend. The event will be robbed of much of its meaning if very few people attend. One way to increase attendance at the ceremony is to publicize the closing event with all of the groups (particularly churches) who have participated in GROUND ZERO WEEK events. GROUND ZERO Attached are two items you can use to simulate the effects of nuclear war on your city. The first assumes survival for a small, non-target city. The second assumes the city is hit by a one-megaton nuclear weapon. I. POST-NUCLEAR WAR SCENARIO FOR SMALL AMERICAN CITIES To use the enclosed scenario, simply fill in the information noted below at the numbered locations in the accompanying text. Local newspaper editors should be encouraged to print this scenario in an edition before or during GROUND ZERO WEEK. 1. your city 2. your region of the country 3. your state 4. your county 5. your population 6. half your population 7. a local plant, hospital, or college 8. local hospital 9. 11/2 times your county population 10. half your county population 11. mayor or city manager 12. local laboratory, hospital, or plant 13. major building II. HOW TO MAP THE EFFECTS OF A NUCLEAR ATTACK ON YOUR COMMUNITY GROUND ZERO 806 15th Street, N.W., Suite 421, Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 638-7402 Two and one-half hours after the warnings had sounded, the technical staff at picked up the first fallout. Starting at a 7 moderate level of about 40 rems an hour -- a cumulative dose of 450 rems received in a one-week period would be fatal to one-half of those exposed -- the intensity rose to 50 rems before starting the decline to a level of about four-tenths of a rem an hour after two weeks. (The total dose in the first four days was 2,000 rems, which killed those who refused to believe shelter was necessary, and increased the risk of eventually dying of cancer for those who were properly sheltered.) For the immediate period, it was essential to stay as protected as possible. For the time being, the food stocks brought to the shelter were adequate if not appetizing. The only problem was the water supply, which -- though it kept running because of its gravity system -- was contaminated with Iodine 131. Potassium iodide pills, which were available in some shelters, provided protection; elsewhere people drank bottled water, or as little water as possible. * Three days after the attacks, the next large influx of refugees poured into , many of them suffering with the early symptoms of 1 radiation sickness. They had been caught poorly sheltered or too close to the nuclear targets themselves. (Sometime later it was learned that more than 4,000 megatons (Mt) had destroyed military and industrial targets, killing close to 100 million people in the United States. The U.S. counterattack on the Soviet Union had had a similar, devastating effect. Destruction ranged from the large industrial centers on the coasts and Great Lakes to small farming communi- ties that had the misfortune to be close to the great missile silos and military bases.) 2 Electricity was restored, partially, some two weeks after the attack. From then on, limited electricity use was permitted for a few hours a day. During the third week after the attacks, a new rationing system was implemented. Individual identification cards were issued to every man, woman and child. Food was distributed at centralized points. Those without I.D. cards were unable to get their ration of flour, powdered milk, and lard -- and the processing of cards could take three or more days. The radioactivity level continued to drop (after two weeks it was 0.4 rem per hour), and it was "safe" to go outdoors. However, the resulting doses, though too low to cause immediate illness or deaths, posed a long-term health hazard. The authorities, while recognizing that everybody would receive many times the pre-war "safe doses," tried to reduce the hazards by urging people to stay inside as much as possible when not picking up food rations at the distribution centers. * * Three weeks after the nuclear attack, almost all the and 2 County residents had returned to their homes. Those few 4 whose homes had been either occupied by squatters or destroyed by fire easily found some alternate housing with the government's help. This left the refugees. Though the drop in fallout intensity allowed the refugees to move out of basements and interior halls, they still were forced to live a version of camp life. They spent their endless, empty hours waiting in lines for food, for a chance to use the bathrooms which at least functioned now for a chance to talk to authorities. and the emergency government attempted to solve 11 the refugee housing problem by billeting refugees in private homes. At first, they asked for volunteers, but got few. The authorities then announced that any house with fewer than two people per room would be assigned a refugee 4 and the local authorities. The trucks were greeted with cheers until the residents of discovered that they had been shipped raw grain 1 rather than flour. With only a fraction of the population knowing what to do with raw grain, a number of angry citizens broke open the sacks and scattered wheat through the parking lot. They in turn were set upon by those who wanted to conserve as much as possible. The local public safety forces waded into the melee with night sticks and tear gas. From this time on, it was almost impossible for the local authorities, not to mention the State and Federal governments, to convince everyone they were getting a fair share. People in one section of town would watch suspicious- ly as delivery trucks passed them by and headed somewhere else. Blacks dis- trusted whites, the poor distrusted the rich, and everyone distrusted the refugees as "outsiders." Psychologically, the population seemed to be in a quiet holding pattern. Many of the refugees had survived experiences that would mark them for years. The memories of fire, collapsing buildings, and screaming, trapped people were still vivid, and some would tremble at loud noises. However, the profound grief over what they had lost -- family members, possessions, or friends -- blunted other emotions and made many apathetic and passive. Victims of the nuc- lear attacks, they appeared willing to be victims afterwards too. The effect on the and County residents was 1 4 less pronounced. They were disoriented. For each lucky one who had a specific job to do, there were many more who were in effect unemployed. They turned inward to their families or else friends and relatives. Their worries about the future -- would there be another attack, would they go back to their old jobs, etc. -- made most days rather anxious, unproductive ones. Children particularly reflected a continuous nervousness, picked up from their elders, and had difficulty sleeping at night. 6 families. Once their families were no longer in immediate danger, adults were robbed of their traditional roles. As autumn approached, a universal depression settled on the residents and refugees. Starvation had been held at bay by the planting - -- but crop yields were smaller than expected. No one was cold, but the weather was still fine. There seemed to be no appreciable progress towards pre-attack conditions. Winter was harder than anyone had expected. Although there were few additionaldeaths that could be directly attributed to the nuclear blast effects or radiation, much of the surviving population was clearly weakened. Inadequate medicine, food, and shelter, plus the lingering physical and psychological effects of the attack kept many from working effectively even when work was available. An epidemic of flu raged through the where refugees 2 were huddled in camps. Many died, especially children and old people. * * * Over a period of months, residents of gradually became 1 aware of the rebuilding of rudimentary political and economic structures. The U.S. Government still existed, if in a slightly reordered form. The Presi- dent, now permanently located in the Midwest along with the surviving members of Congress and the Cabinet, retained the emergency powers he had taken just after the attack. State governments were not as well respected as before; citizens tended to blame them for the mix-ups in aid distribution. Attempts to conscript the able-bodied to rebuild the damaged areas often failed miserably. Many simply walked off the job and returned to their families. The Nation's economy was in shambles. The bulk of the oil refining capacity had been knocked out, and only a few facilities were functioning again. The small oil wells around the country that were situated away from target areas produced more oil than the refineries could handle . and it was only a fraction of the need. Coal mining, mostly by the time-honored pick and shovel 8 down, we must be able to make new ones or replacement parts. Right now we are a long way from that capacity." Privately, he and a group of conferees agreed that heavy controls on the economy, and ultimately on the population, would be the only way to get things going. Resources, both material and human, were severely limited. It was clear that if the economy did not get moving again soon, it might never get moving. 10 8 For comparison, the crater of a 25 6. Mark "maximum fire ball" in collapses partitions. The air is thick with megaton surface blast would be 3/4 miles the second circle. flying objects, including people With in diameter; the fireball might be up to 5 overpressure, we are like divers Almost total destruction occurs in miles in diameter. underwater - the deeper, the greater the area of the three smallest circles on the pressure. People are less damaged 5. Mark "crater" in the smallest your map. Within this area the blast of by overpressure than buildings - we are circle. the explosion, measured as p.s.i., would more flexible - but the buildings often be severe. p.s.i.= pounds per square inch The fireball, which is the core of the land on the people." ("If the Unthinkable of pressure over the normal pressure in explosion, engulfs the crater left by the Happened Here," by Nan Randall, from the atmosphere at sea level (14 pounds explosion. January 28, 1978, Washington Post, per square inch). reprints available for 5¢.) "Within less than a millionth of a second of the detonation of the weapon, 7. Draw red diagonal lines 8. Write the following infor- through the first three circles. extremely hot weapon residues (debris mation in the area of the first three from the explosion) radiate large While there are direct casualties circles: p.s.i.: over 12; 98% dead; 2% amounts of energy this leads to the from "overpressure," most damage is hurt; winds: 300 mph. formation of an extremely hot and highly likely to result from indirect effects: 9. Use a plain white card for a luminous (incandescent) spherical mass buildings will collapse and debris will fly "Key" at the bottom of your map. On of air and gaseous weapon residues through the air, and this will kill and the key, write the explanation of which make up the fireball after about injure more people than would be killed p.s.i. a millisecond, the fireball from a one from direct, sustained blast pressure. megaton nuclear weapon would appear Another effect of the blast is a wind "The explosion compresses the air to an observer fifteen miles away to be which can race up to 300 miles per hour around it and pushes outward with many times more brilliant than the sun at or more. All buildings within the 1.7 mile tremendous force. The moving shock noon." (From The Effects of Nuclear circle, except those especially designed waves create winds many times the force Weapons by Samuel Glasstone and and reinforced (like massive masonry of a hurricane, even at some distance Philip J. Dolan, eds., U.S. Dept. of and castle-like construction) will be the pressure of the shock waves knocks Defense and Energy, 1977, p. 27). destroyed.* Within the area up to 1.7 out electrical lines, shatters windows and miles (third circle) 98% of the people would die and 2% would be injured. The casualty figures, taken from a civil defense handbook on nuclear attack, are for an "unwarned" situation. You should be aware that there are plans for a Crisis Relocation Program on the boards, in which it is assumed that major population areas (e.g. the greafer New York area) could be evacuated during a time of international crisis when an attack was feared. Such plans assume we might have three or more days warning of attack. You may want to discuss the feasibility of such an evacuation and, more importantly, to ask whether - once evacuation has occurred either side would be able to turn back from attack. Also remember that the actual time it takes a warhead to reach its destination is between fifteen and thirty minutes. Unreinforced brick house before and after nuclear explosion. Shows effects of 5 p.s.i. overpressure. From The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, p. 183. *Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA) Attack Environment Manual, Chapter 2 "Blast and Shock," Dept. of Defense, January 1973. **In Time of Emergency, Department of Defense, Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, 1977; p. 2. ould be exposed to thermal radiation the 7 mile circle. Within this ellipse, 500 immediately downwind of the burst point om more than one fireball." From roentgen equivalent man units or rems would be slim unless they could be ewis, in July, 1979 Scientific (an index of the biological effects of sheltered or evacuated." (Worldwide merican.) different types of radiation on a human Effects of Nuclear War: Some 13. Write the following infor. being) would likely accumulate within Perspectives; U.S. Arms Control and nation about fire effects in the the first hour. (This data from DCPA Disarmament Agency, Washington, ircles as listed: Attack Environment Manual, Chapter D.C., pp. 14-15). within 3 smallest circles. IV, "Fallout," Department of Defense, extensive fire damage; possible June 1973.) Although people might find escape firestorm; death from flash. routes upon leaving their temporary 16. Draw a large green arrow burns (3rd degree burns) shelters, they would most likely have beginning in the 7 mile circle and within 3 mile circle: severe 3rd trouble avoiding the fallout ellipse. In pointing in the direction of your degree burns, extensive fire addition, particularly in a large prevailing winds. Write near the metropolitan area, they would find that damage arrow: within 5 mile circle: severe 3rc most methods of transportation would fallout may extend up to 200 degree burns, extensive fire have been blocked by falling buildings miles downwind to width of 60 and flying debris. Along their escape damage miles. within 7 mile circle: 2nd degree routes, radioactive drifts may well have burns, extensive fire damage For a person receiving between 0 accumulated. within both the 3 and 5 mile and 100 rems, no medical attention is 17. Write near the arrow (in 7 ings, mark: required. 100 1000 rems have been mile circle): if this area is part of fires may spread due tc termed "therapeutic" meaning that prevailing winds up to 300 mph treatment and recovery may be possible, multi-explosion attack, fallout from if treatment is available (under nuclear other explosions would overlap. Initial nuclear radiation, or promp attack conditions, this may be unlikely). The best possibilities of survival uclear radiation, is emitted from the According to Dr. Helen Caldicott in her would involve evacuation beyond the 5.7 ireball and is composed of neutrons anc recent book Nuclear Madness, a dose mile circles, but if that were not possible, amma rays. It affects the area of the 1.7 of 600 rems or more produces acute people would need to find reasonably nile ring immediately around the fireball radiation illness. According to the secure shelters in the 5.7 mile circle - The protection from initial radiatior Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, that is, solid, non-combustible areas with would come where people had been able those cases receiving between 1000 and uncontaminated water and food sources reach shelter of concrete or other 5000 rems are considered "hopeless," or to last at least two weeks. ixed solid materials (e.g. basements). fatal cases. 14. In the 1.7 mile circle write: "Of all the calculations you can make However, particularly in a high risk maximum exposure to initial area, the attack described would most about the effects of nuclear weapons, likely be one of tens of such similar nuclear radiation those about fallout are the least sure Beyond the 1.7 mile circle, the fallout actually drifts like snow and may explosions affecting the areas surround- pile up on the side of the wall and leave ing your own immediate "ground zero" danger from nuclear radiation exists in the other relatively cool but you can't and vicinity. early fallout. Fallout is the term given to tell without monitoring equipment. You Finally, most of the information the particles of vaporized soil and debris drawn from the crater of a surface burst, only know you've had an overdose of provided here (and most of the notes on made radioactive in the fireball, and then radioactivity by the symptoms. The your map) apply to the prompt condensed in the upper atmosphere. symptoms are not pleasant. Nausea, (immediate) effects of nuclear attack. vomiting and diarrhea are the openers You need to realize that the delayed or Fallout begins normally 10 minutes after followed by loss of hair, ulceration of the long-term effects of an attack are not he explosion. The heaviest particles skin and bleeding. Death, if and when it would fall to earth first; the lighter generally included by military planners in particles would be carried far by the occurs, is by infection, which the body their estimates of destructive capability. has no strength to resist. It can take prevailing winds. weeks to die of radiation sickness." These effects include the unavail- The amount of fallout which would (Randall, Washington Post, see ability of personnel and medical facilities to treat burn and radiation victims, the collect in the areas around the explosion above.) lack of uncontaminated water and food, would vary with the weather, wind speed "It has been estimated that a and terrain. Drifts of radioactive lack of housing, lack of transportation, particles may form, like snow (the weapon with a fission yield of one million and the continuing and unpredictable particles themselves are invisible to the tons TNT equivalent power (one effects of fallout from neighboring human eye, but the effect of accumu- megaton) exploded at ground level in a attacks. And while no one can predict 15 mph wind would produce fallout in an the widespread social; economic and lation is the same). ellipse extended hundreds of miles psychological effects of a disaster 15. In the 3, 5, and 7 mile circles downwind from the burst point. At a involving many times the number of write: distance of 20-25 miles downwind, a Americans killed in Vietnam, for exposure to radiation lethal radiation dose would be example, we know these effects would Assuming winds at 15 mph on an accumulated by a person who did not include unprecedented national trauma. otherwise calm day, fallout would be find shelter within 25 minutes after the (For a detailed recent description you carried downwind in concentrated form time fallout began. At a distance of 40-45 may wish to refer to "Economic and for 200 miles and to a width of 60 miles. miles a person would have almost 3 Social Consequences of Nuclear Local area fallout would concentrate hours after the fallout began to find Attacks on the United States" published downwind from ground zero. The fallout shelter. Considerably smaller radiation by the Committee on Banking, Housing accumulates in an elliptical shape (width doses will make people seriously ill. and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, and hayand the edge of Thus the survival prospects of persons March 1979) Memo: To all Organizers From: Ground Zero in Washington D.C. Re: Ground Zero Media Coverage and Book Promotion *** Enclosed Newspaper Coverage - Big city Editorial - Local News Articles - Letter to the Editor from a Ground Zero Organizer *** National Media Events Scheduled - Today Show, March 22 will feature Roger Molander. - The Best of Larry King, will rebroadcast interview with Roger Molander on March 27. - "Thinking Twice About Nuclear War" will be available through P.B.S. stations locally during Ground Zero week; call now to schedule it. *** Book Promotion - Contact as many bookstores in your city as possible to make sure that they have ordered copies of "Nuclear War: What's In It For You?" Explain that many groups in the city will be urging people to read the book during April and that you hope they will have copies available. WACO TEXAS 22A Waco Tribune-Herald Sunday, February 21, 1982 Ground Zero group urges focus on nuclear attack education By JEFF HAMPTON Ground Zero was the creation of Dr. nuclear war. Tribune-Herald Staff Writer Roger Molander, a nuclear engineer Reading these results, Molander real- Ground Zero, a growing national or- who has acted as advisor to the White ized that nuclear war is the "issue of our ganization based in Washington, D.C., House since the Nixon days on SALT day" but nothing will be done to resolve wants to educate people on the effects of and SALT II negotiators. it until people realize what could hap- a nuclear attack in their area so they Thinking that few people knew what a pen, Brown said. can make a decision on what should be nuclear attack would do to them, their Since that time, Molander and his sup- done to prevent such a thing from hap- community and the nation, Molander porters have been working on plans for pening, said Theo Brown. and a group of other concerned individu- the week-long emphasis on public educa- Brown, a representative for the group, als formed Ground Zero. tion about nuclear war. met with a small group of interested The group took its name from the Brown said representatives of Ground Wacoans Friday to discuss plans for term used to designate the spot a nu- Zero have held meetings in 150 major Ground Zero Week, scheduled for April clear weapon explodes. cities, 140 meetings in smaller communi- 18 to 25. Brown said a Gallup Poll conducted ties and have visited 150 colleges. During that week, the organization last September indicates 65 percent of A factor that has worked in the organ- will make available resource materials the American people are concerned ization's favor is that they do not advo- concerning nuclear attack for use by about the possibility of a nuclear war, 68 cate policies, but emphasize general local groups, but they also urge those percent believe such a war might take education, Brown said. groups to plan activities of their own. place between the United States and the "The concept of dropping answers is Ground Zero is not advocating any Soviet Union by 1990, 71 percent believe opening a lot of doors," he said. specific solution to the problem, Brown a war with the Soviet Union would lead Brown said the week has been en- said. "The week will be a national time to a nuclear exchange and only 9 per- dorsed by 29 national organizations in- of focus on thinking about this issue." cent think they would survive an all-out cluding the National Council of Churches, the National Education As- how the one nuclear device owned by will use the time to bring their congre- sociation, the Synagogue Council of the United States following the dropping gations up to date on the facts. America, the United Auto Workers of of the A-bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, has America and the United Steelworkers of multiplied to 50,000 such nuclear devices Ground Zero is also suggesting some community-wide events that the general America. worldwide. public can be involved in. While it is good to have large organi- This book will be the "cornerstone" of zations announcing their verbal support, One would be to hang a banner or the emphasis he said. "If 500 people on it will be up to local groups to make the erect a marker at a place in the com- the Baylor campus read this book, it will week work, Brown said. munity chosen as a Ground Zero which be a very different place," he said. In conjunction with the week, Ground lists and explains some of the effects of Zero will be releasing 200,000 copies of a Brown said slide shows, audio tapes, nuclear devices. book written by Molander and his staff films and other literature will be made Another activity is à "Tour of the titled "Nuclear War: What's in it for available to groups during the week. Ground Zero" in which a tour guide You." "What we would like to see in a com- starts at the point of the actual impact The book is a "factual and accurate" munity primarily is what the local peo- and works outward through the com- summary of the events taking place dur- ing a nuclear attack, ranging from the ple want to produce themselves," he munity, describing what would take effects of the initial explosion on said, adding that communities may want place at the different areas of town. humans and structures to the long-range to present the information in different "The purpose is not to scare people," effects of radiation and nuclear fallout, ways. he said, but to let people know that "nu- Brown said., It is no coincidence that Ground Zero clear war has everything to do with our The book also details the history of Week begins and ends on a Sunday, lives, as well as our deaths, depending the nuclear arms race, he said, and tells Brown said. It is hoped that churches on what policy is taken." The Cedar Rapids Gazette: Sun., Feb. 14, 1982 Ground Zero Week The threat of nuclear war can be viewed as the dominant issue of the day. Following Sydney Harris's analysis regarding the probability of a nuclear war, if you are a pessimist you will view nuclear war as inevitable; if you are a realist, you will contend that nuclear war is inevitable unless we make it impossible. If we fail to prevent nuclear war, then those concerns important to our day-to-day living will most certainly become irrelevant. In spite of this problem's significance, however, most of us probably understand very little about the nature and consequences of a nuclear war. What are the facts? : To help us broaden our understanding of the issyes involved, hundreds of communities around the country will be participating in Ground Zero Week April 18-25 - a week devoted to educational activities about nuclear war. The observance is planned and developed by local citizens for themselves and their neighbors. - This week will advocate no particular solution to the threat of nuclear war. That is, its sole purpose is to educate people without prejudicing them toward a particular point of view. It will offer a time for Americans of all backgrounds and viewpoints to personally examine the facts of nuclear war and look at their own reactions to what they have learned. Many diverse national organizations have endorsed this week: The National Council of Chúrches, U.S. Catholic Conference, Synagogue Council of America; National Education Associa- tion, UAW and United Steelworkers; American Public Health Association, Physicians for Social Responsibility; American Association of Univer- sity Women; American Veterans Committee; Business Executives Move for New National Priorities. The process of planning Ground Zero Week in Cedar Rapids is beginning. Citizens interested in helping with plans will hold a kickoff meeting Feb. 17 at 7 p.m., First Presbyterian Church. A broad spectrum of community involvement would make Ground Zero Week a very special learning experience for all of us. Toni Pickering 1527 E Ave. NE 3. SANE 711 G. Street, S.E. Washington, D.C. 20003 (202) 546-7100 4. Council for a Livable World 11 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108 (617) 742-9395 5. Federation of American Scientists 307 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 546-3300 6. Physicians for Social Responsibility 23 Main Street Watertown, Massachusetts 02172 (617) 924-3468 7. Union of Concerned Scientists 1384 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02238 (617) 547-5552 8. American Security Council 499 South Capitol Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20003 (202) 484-1676 9. American Enterprise Institute 1150 17th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 862-5800 10. Committee on the Present Danger 1800 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Suite 601 Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 466-7444 11. Heritage Foundation 513 C. Street, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 546-4400 14 HIGH-RISK AREAS The shaded areas have been identified by the U.S. Government as high risk areas in the event of a nuclear war. Source: Federal ALASKA Emergency Management Agency, April HAWAII 1980 14. "The War Game," 49 min., 1968: Peter Watkins Films, Films, Inc. 15. "Nuclear Countdown," 28 min., 1978 (a U.N. film): Journal Films Inc., 930 Pinter Ave., Evanston, IL 60202. (800) 323-5448. The following films are available from the film library of the Department of Defense by ordering from: Defense Nuclear Agency, Public Affairs Dept., Lt. Col. Dale Keller, Washington, D.C. 20305. (202) 325-7095. There is no rental fee and blank cassettes must be sent in for videos. "Hiroshima" "Atomic Power" "Atomic Weapons Orientation, Part V: Effects of Nuclear Weapons" "From Caveman to 'A' Bomb" "Medical Aspects of Nuclear Radiation" II. Feature Films and Films Presenting a Particular Position 1. "Dr. Strangelove," 93 min., 1964: Columbia Pictures, 1700 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10019. (212) 751-4400. 2. "Fail Safe," 111 min., 1964: Audio Brandon Films. 3. "Hiroshima, Mon Amour," 1959: Corinth Films. 4. "On the Beach," 110 min., 1959: Audio Brandon Films. 5. "Above and Beyond," 1953: Films Inc. 6. "The Bedford Incident," 102 min., 1965: Audio Brandon Films. 7. "The Beginning or the End?" 112 min., 1947: MGM-United Artists, Non- Theatrical Distributing Dept., 729 7th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. (800) 223-0933. 8. "Panic in Year Zero," 95 min., 1962: Audio Brandon Films. 9. "Ten Seconds that Shook the World," 53 min., 1963: Films Inc. 10. "The Price of Peace and Freedom," 1975: American Security Council Foundation, Boston, VZ 22713. (703) 825-1776. 11. "SALT Syndrome," 26 min., 1979: American Security Council Foundation. 12. "War Without Winners," 28 min., (Center for Defense Information) 1979: Films Inc. 13. "Survival...or Suicide,' 27 min., 1979: American Committee on East-West Accord, 227 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 546-1700. 14. "The Last Epidemic Medical Consequences of Nuclear War", 35 min., video, 1981: Resource Center for Nonviolence, P.O. Box 2324, Santa Cruz CA 95063. 408- 423-1626. 15. "Thinking Twice", 30 min., video, 1981: Skye Productions Inc., 1460 Church St., Washington, D.C. 20005. 202-265-7846. 16. "The Fatal Competition", 60 min., video, 1976: Films Inc. 17. "Nuclear Nightmares", 90 min., video, 1980: Corinth Films. III. Children's Themes and Shorts 1. "One Thousand Cranes: The Children of Hiroshima", 24 min., 1968: Audio Brandon Films. 2. " Ladybug, Ladybug.. ", 81 min., 1963: United Artists, 729 &th Ave., New york, New York 10019. 800-223-0933. 3. "The Portable Phonograph", 24 min., 1977: Encyclopedia Britanica Educ- ational Corp., 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago IL 60611. 800-621-3900. 4. "A Short Vision", 7 min., cartoon, 1956: Films Inc. 5. = Boom", 11 min., cartoon, U.N. film, 1979: Journal Films Inc. *Check local public libraries, schools and universities for all films listed as well as those marked 'Local film libraries,'. Nuclear War Films ing on those with an historical or documentary perspective; of view; which Listed the subject of nuclear war. They are divided into three general those below is a brief survey, by no means complete, of films focus- categories: feature films or which clearly present a particular point are third group of films which are geared to children, though not limited and them. a All the films listed are available in 16mm (except #16), and will those which to are also available in video cassettes are noted. Generally, it be necessary to contact the distributor (addresses appear only in the first listing) for information on availability and rental prices. Reviews and descriptions of many of the films listed can be found in Jack Shaheen's book, Nuclear War Films, and John Dowling's War Peace Film Guide. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (Washington, D.C. 40472) also publishes a film catalogue with some relevant films. I. Documentaries and Historical Themes 1. "Truman and the Atomic Bomb," 15 min., 1969: Learning Corporation of America, 1350 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. (212) 397-9360. 2. "The Atom Strikes," 31 min., 1946: Tobyhanna Army Depot, ER Film Distri- bution Branch, Warehouse 3, Bay 3, Tobyhanna, PA 18466. 3. "Footnotes on the Atomic Age," 46 min., 1970: Films Inc., 733 Green Bay Road, Wilmette, IL 60019, (312) 256-4730. 4. "The Bomb: February 1942-July 1945," 1975: Local Film Libraries.* 5. "Building of the Bomb," 72 min., 1969: Local Film Libraries.* 6. "Decision to Drop the Bomb," 81 min,, video, 1965: Films Inc. 7. "Hiroshima: A Document of the Atomic Bombing," 28 min., 1970: Wilming- ton Peace Resource Center, Pyle Center Box 1183, Wilmington, OH 45177. (513) 382-5338 8. "Hiroshima-Nagasaki August 1945," 17 min., 1970: Museum of Modern Art, Film Program, 11 W. 53rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10019. (212) 956-4204. 9. "Linus Pauling, Crusading Scientist," video, 1977: Corinth Films, 410 E. 62nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10021. (212) 421-4770. 10. "And When the War is Over--The American Military in the 1970s," 1973: Films Inc. 11. "H-Bomb over the U.S.," 10 min., Audio Brandon, 34 Mac Queston Pkwy, Mt. Vernon, New York 10550. (800) 431-1994. 12. "A Tale of Two Cities: Hiroshima and Nagasaki," 12 min., 1949: National Audio Visual Services, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C. 20409. (301) 763-1891. 13. "Arsenal," 52 min., video, 1973: Time-Life Films, 100 Eisenhower Dr., Paramus, NJ 07652. (201) 843-4545. Republican National MIKE: APPROVE Finance Committee DISAPPROVE Buckley M. Byers Deputy Chairman Called-82 in May 3, 1982 The Honorable Michael K. Deaver Deputy Chief of Staff The White House Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mike: I am enclosing a suggested draft of a letter that we would like to have go out over the President's signature. Mr. Lloyd Miller has been extremely generous in the past but for some reason he has not seen fit to contribute this year. John Schiff, an Eagle from Cincinnati, has strongly recommended that a letter go out over the President's signature to Mr. Miller. If there any questions about this, please give me a call. As always, Mike, we would appreciate your assistance. Sincerely Buck Buckley M. Byers BMB/nb Enclosure 310 First Street Southeast, Washington, D.C. 20003 (202) 484-6730 DRAFT OF LETTER TO MR. LLOYD MILLER Mr. Lloyd I. Miller 1244 Cliff Laine Drive Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dear Lloyd: I know that you have been extremely generous with your financial support of Republican candidates and committees in the past and I know also that you had previously been a Republican Eagle. I am writing you at this time to urge you to become a member of the President's Club (for Republican Eagles exclusively). The elections coming up this fall are going to be absolutely crucial to the future success of my Administration. Under existing law, the committee that has the most responsibility by far is the Republican National Committee. In fact, that Committee is the most important political entity that anyone can financially support. Having been an Eagle in the past, Lloyd, I sincerely hope that you will seriously consider sending $10,000 to the Republican National Committee and I will look forward to seeing you at the next reception for members of the President's Club here in Washington. Thanks in advance for your help. Sincerely, Ronald Reagan CALLIGRAPHER LTR SIGNED THI DATE PER SHIRLEY MOORE. 5-3-82 1982 Republican Senate-House Dinner A Salute To President Ronald Reagan O.R. JOE M. with RODGERS Down Chairman April 30, 1982 Miss Shirley Moore Staff Assistant to Michael Deaver The White House Washington, D. C. 20500 Dear Shirley: The annual Republican Senate-House Dinner will be held on May 4th. This year's dinner is a "Salute to President Ronald Reagan. " As part of the event we would like to make a special presentation to our Dinner Chairman, Joe Rodgers, thanking him for all he has done for the Republican Party. As you can imagine, coming up with some- thing that would have real meaning for Joe was not easy. It was decided that what would probably mean more for Joe than anything else would be a short personal note from the President. Ideally, this note would be framed and presented to Joe by the President and myself at the conclusion of the program. Attached is a suggestion of what the note might say. If the President agrees, we'll have the note calligraphed and returned on Monday, May 3rd, for the President's signature. I realize this is short notice and I appreciate your help in getting this taken care of. I'd appreciate your contacting Bruce McBrearty (544-8600) if you have any questions and also to let him know of your decision. Thank you very much. Sincerely, May Guy Vander Jagt Chairman National Republican Congressional Commit Co-Chairmen BOB PACKWOOD. Chairman, National Republican Senatorial Committee GUY VANDER JAGT, Chairman, National Republican Congressional Committee Honorary Co-Chairmen HOWARD H. BAKER. Majority Leader, U.S. Senate ROBERT H. MICHEL, Republican Leader of the House Dear Joe: Both Nancy and I want to thank you for such a beautiful evening honoring me and for the opportunity to see SO many friends. Your support in 1976 when I needed it most, your out- standing work as Finance Chairman of the Republican National Committee, and your efforts in giving us this wonderful dinner tonight are things I will never forget. I admire deeply your dedication to the principles which have made our nation the greatest in history. But I also value, in a very special way, your advice and friendship over the years. With my warmest personal regards, Ronald Reagan THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON April 20, 1982 MEMORANDUM FOR MICHAEL K. DEAVER DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF FROM: FRED F. FIELDING Orig. signed by FFF COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Attached Correspondence from Roger H. Lourie, Managing Director, The Devin Adair Company I would appreciate any guidance you might be able to provide on the attached correspondence. Thanks. Attachment WASHINGTON April 6, 1982 FOR: FRED FIELDING FROM: KARNA SMALL SUBJECT: ATTACHED CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING RR BOOK I am at a loss to figure out the attached letter addressed to the President. It finally filtered down to my office presumably because we deal with the media. However, there is no file of previous correspondence and yet this publisher sounds pretty certain about putting a book together using RR's own words. Does your office have a file on this? Can you please handle? Many thanks. THE Devin Adair COMPANY. Publishers From December 29, 1981 TELEPHONE: (203)637-4531 President Ronald Reagan 070765 The White House Washington, D.C. 20500 Dear President Reagan: This is a follow-up to our recent conversation concerning your 1968 book, The Creative Society, which we published. We believe the book helped bring your message 143 Sound Beach Ave., Old Greenwich, Conn. 06870 to the American people and based on the letters we received, it appears that the book achieved a rather strong following. As our Associate Editor indicated to you in her letter of July 9, 1981 we are bringing out a new edition of the book in late spring 1982. The current plan is to enlarge the book signifi- cantly from its 1968 version and to add mention of the many new elements that happened since its original publication. The forthcoming book will be virtually a full new book, rather than merely an updated new edition. With this letter I have several questions that we need answers to: 1. To whom should we send the completed final manuscript to, just prior to printing? 2. Are you interested in reviewing it and modi- fying it where you feel necessary? Remember, this is not a book about Ronald Reagan, but rather a book by Ronald Reagan, inasmuch as it features only your words. 3. We would like you to write a short preface to it, covering either your view of the future or the evolution of your political thoughts since your days as Governor of California. Can you have such a preface prepared? President Ronald Reagan -2- December 29, 1981 4. Current plans call for an introduction by Richard Mellon Scaife: do you have any objections to our asking Mr. Scaife to write an introduction? 5. Have you any auggestions for a new title? I am not happy with The Creative Society and plan on finding a better one. 6. Do you want your share of any earned royalties to be directed to a specific person or account? Would you prefer us to donate any royalties earned to a specific organization or charity? 7. When the time comes to promote the book, do you want someone on your staff to be kept aware of the type of promotion and advertising? If so, to shome should we address ourselves? whom We intend to make this volume into a classic on Ronald Reagan. The editorial matter will reflect your thoughts as well as we can manage. The manufacturing aspects will be of the highest quality (the paper stock will be rich, the binding luxurious, and the cover designed by a top American designer -- as yet unchosen). The book will be advertised tastefully and conservatively, but strongly and with as much effectiveness as we can. I hope you will be as proud of this volume as I will be. Please let us know what details you are interested in. We will obviously send you material as work progresses. With cordial best wishes for 1982 and my best to Mrs. Reagan. Yours truly, Roger H lown Roger H. Lourie Managing Director RHL:jwl THE WHITE HOUSE washington Mrs. Reagan: Vicountess de Ribes will leave for Florida tomorrow (April 24) and will be there until May 3rd. Her number in Florida is 305/659-4411. Elaine HAVE BEEN INVITED/ACCEPTED Baron/Baroness von Thyssen Ambassador/Mrs. Galbraith M/M Jack Heinz Duc/Duchesse de Mouchy (Joan Dillon - Father owns Chateau Haut-Brion WAITING TO HEAR FROM Princess Grace M. Yves St. Laurent POLITICAL SUGGESTIONS/NOT YET INVITED M/M Jacques Chirac Count/Countess d'Ormesson (Count writes weekly editorial, Le Figaro She is sugar heiress) M/M Jean Francois Poncet (Ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs under Giscard; still in local politics) M/M Jean Francois Deniau (Ex-Minister of Economic and Commerce Count/Countess de Luart (American Grandmother - Young Senator - Independent - no party lab Sir/Lady Jimmy Goldschmidt (Press Magnate in England; has purchased major French political magazine, L'Expre Baron/Baroness Guy de Rothschild M/M Roger Therond (Chief Editor, Paris Match) Mr. Alain Delon (Actor) Count/Countess Michel d'Ornano (Former Minister of the Environment; still involved in politics in Northern France - won local election. She is Mayor of City of Deauville; founded Festival of American Cinema in France.) M. Jean de Ribes (Son) (Works at Ministry of Defense; invited to Washington, D.C. in June to discuss defense) File imageassociates sent 4-30-82 15459 Dickens Street, Sherman Oaks, Ca. 91403 / (213) 906-0880 April 26, 1982 Mr. Michael Deaver The White House Washington, D.C. Dear Mike, I have asked Dana Rohrabacher to deliver to you this large photograph of the President. I felt that you are the key person to assist me in what I trust will be a small favor. You may recall that during the President's term as Governor I was called in a number of times to handle photo assignments. During coverage for the "Team 70" graphics I was fortunite to catch this shot of the President. It's my favorite and I suspect others feel the same way even with the passage of time. As you'll remember this shot was used extensively on "one sheets" during the 1980 Presidential primary. Would you ask the President, if at all possible, to put a small inscription and signature at the bottom of the photo. It would mean a great deal to me. Incidentally, the moment occurred one morning in the Governor's conference room in late August 1970. All of the candidates on the state ticket had assembled just prior to going over to a Sacramento golf course for a walking group shot. The President was in an expansive mood casually sitting on the corner of a table telling a very amusing antidote to Evelle Younger. I was shooting over the AG's shoulder and got the picture just after the punch-line. The President was and still is so naturally relaxed and easy going when those moments present themselves and he made my job so damned easy. I shall never forget those days as a photo- journalist and especially the good fortune I had in being able to photograph him. Please express my deep admiration and continued success to the President for me. And to you my sincerest appreciation for your help. Dox Yours respectfully, DON DORNAN DD/sd Laise Pulmer Attachment LAW OFFICES DI GIORGIO, DAVIS, KLEIN, WEGIS & DUGGAN A PARTNERSHIP INCLUDING PROFESSIONAL CORPORATIONS TAFT OFFICE V.P. DI GIORGIO 1111 TRUXTUN AVENUE THOMAS R. DAVIS 103 ADKISSON WAY ANTHONY J. KLEIN POST OFFICE BOX 358 TAFT, CALIFORNIA 93268 RALPH B. WEGIS BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA 93302 THOMAS M. duggan (805) 765-7106 DOUGLAS S. FREDRICKS (805) 395-1000 THOMAS V. DE NATALE, JR. PLEASE REPLY TO: MICHAEL J. WEBB RICHARD A. MONJE April 23, 1982 JOHN C. HALL PATRICIA J. RANDOLPH DONALD F. BUTZ Mr. Michael K. Deaver Assistant to the President Deputy Chief of Staff THE WHITE HOUSE 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. Dear Mike: Enclosed is a letter addressed to President Reagan signed by Mr. Douglas A. Ward, President, Western States Livestock Investigators Association, which organ- ization wishes to bestow an honorary membership to the President. As stated in the letter to the President, this organization's membership consists of law enforcement agencies throughout the Western United States and ranchers who are associate members. I might mention this membership is strong suppor- ters of your administration and the Association would be greatly honored to have the President as a member. Also enclosed is a membership card for the Presi- dent and a beautiful belt buckle with the Association's logo which he may appreciate. Once again Mike, I thank you and apologize for imposing upon your very rigorous schedule. May we wish you, President Reagan, and the First Lady God Speed and best wishes always. If we can be of any assistance to you in this area (I'll even go to Dewars for you) please do not hesitate to call. Respectfully, C. R. "Butch" and Nita Milligan CRM/bl 937 Panorama Drive Bakersfield, CA 93305 Enclosures .RN STATES LIVESTOCK TIGATORS ASSOCIATION 1982/83 BERSHIP CARD .ates .OIS Liveste agan President RANK United States of America Associat Association plasaward, PRESIDENT DEPARTMENT Daren Carto Dedicated to Protection of the Livestock Industry April 20, 1982 The Honorable Ronald Reagan President of the United States of America Dear Mr. President Reagan: The membership of the Western States Livestock Investigators Association wishes to bestow upon you Honorary Membership to our association. The association's motto is "Dedicated to Protection of the Livestock Industry". Our membership consists of law enforcement agencies through- out the Western United States and ranchers who are associate members. We understand that you are a honorary member of the California State Police, a rancher in Santa Barbara County, and also a belt buckle collector. We hope that you will accept this humble gift: a belt buckle with our logo. The logo is also inscribed on the back of the buckle. Also, please accept membership in our associa- tion. The association would be greatly honored to have you as a member. Danglas Sincerely, a ward Douglas A. Ward, President 1415 Truxtun Avenue Bakersfield, California 93301 /sl