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South America - Survey Trip November 1982 (2)
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118570620
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South America - Survey Trip November 1982 (2)
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Records of the White House Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff (Reagan Administration)
Michael Deaver's Subject Files
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual
collections.
Collection: Deaver, Michael
Folder Title: South America-Survey Trip,
November 1982 (2)
To see more digitized collections
visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library
To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories
visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing
National Archives
Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/
BRAZILLIA - Thank you letters sent to the following:
His Excellency
Ambassador Joao Augusto de Medicis
and No cy
Chief of Protocol
His Excellency
Ambassador Joao Clements Baena Soares the
Secretary General
Colonel Emanuel Augusto do Oliveira Serrano Its
Commander - Military Sector
Minister Lael Simoes Barbosa Soares cand No cy
Protocol Division
Ministry of External Relations
Colonel Moacyr Coelho
the
Director - Federal Police Department
Counselor Synesio Sampaio Goes Filho the
Chief of Protocol
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 7, 1982
Dear Counselor Sampaio Goes:
On behalf of the entire Presidential survey
team, I want to express our warm thanks for
your outstanding contribution to the plann-
ing for President Reagan's upcoming trip to
Brazil. I especially appreciate your having
interrupted your weekend to meet and work
with us.
It was a great pleasure to meet you and I
and the rest of the White House team look
forward to working with you and your colleagues
in the days to come,
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Counselor Synesio Sampaio Goes Filho
Chief of Protocol
Palacio do Planalto
Brasilia, D.F.
Brazil
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 7, 1982
Dear Colonel Coelho:
I want to express my personal thanks and
those of the entire Presidential survey
team for your superb contribution to the
security planning for President Reagan's
upcoming visit to Brazil. This is a key
part of our preparations and I especially
appreciate your taking time on the weekend
to meet with US.
I and the rest of the White House team look
forward to working with you and your colleagues
in the days to come,
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Colonel Moacyr Coelho
Director
Federal Police Department
Brasilia, D.F.
Brazil
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 7, 1982
Dear Ambassador Baena Soares:
I want to express my deep appreciation for
your invaluable help in preparing President
Reagan's upcoming visit to Brazil as well
as my admiration for the enthusiastic support
your colleagues in the Ministry of External
Relations have provided.
It was a great pleasure to meet you and I
look forward to renewing the pleasure in the
days to come.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
His Excellency
Ambassador Joao Clemente Baena Soares
Secretary General
Ministry of External Relations
Palacio do Itamaraty
Brasilia, D.F.
Brazil
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 7, 1982
Dear Colonel Serrano:
On behalf of the entire Presidential survey
team, I want to express our warm thanks for
your important contribution to arrival and
departure planning for President Reagan's
upcoming visit to Brazil. We especially
appreciate your interrupting your weekend
to meet and work with us.
It was a pleasure to meet you and I and the
rest of the White House team look forward to
working with you and your colleagues in the
days to come.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Colonel Emanuel Augusto do Oliveira Serrano
Commander
Military Sector
International Airport Brasilia, D.F.
Brazil
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 9, 1982
Dear Mr. Minister:
Thank you for the beautiful sculptured
statue of the horse by Mario Agostinelli.
I sincerely appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Although our visit was very brief, we were
able to accomplish a great deal thanks in
large part to your invaluable assistance.
Your cooperation did much towards making
President Reagan's trip a success.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Ministro Italo M. Alexandre Mastrogiovani
M.D. Chefe do Ceremonial
Palacio dos Bandeirantes
Av. Morumbi
Sao Paulo - SP
Brasil
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 8, 1982
Dear Ms. Morelos:
On behalf of the entire survey team, I would
like to express my personal appreciation to
your staff for taking the time to meet with
us and show us the lovely National Theatre.
Together I am sure we can work to insure a
successful visit to Costa Rica by President
Reagan.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Ms. Graciela Morelos
Director
National Theatre
San Jose, Costa Rica
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 8, 1982
Dear Mr. Minister:
On behalf of the entire survey team, I would
like to express my personal appreciation for
the help your Ministry gave during our brief
stop in San Jose today. Together I am sure
we can work to insure a successful visit to
Costa Rica by President Reagan.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
His Excellency
Fernando Volio Jimenez
Minister of Foreign Relations
Republic of Costa Rica
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 8, 1982
Dear Mr. Ambassador:
On behalf of the entire survey team, I would
like to express my personal appreciation for
taking time from your busy schedule to meet
with us during our brief stop in San Jose.
Together I am sure we can resolve the many
details to insure a successful visit to
Costa Rica by President Reagan.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
His Excellency
Alvar Antillon Salazar
Director General
Ministry of Foreign Relations
Republic of Costa Rica
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 8, 1982
Dear Mr. Oreamuno:
On behalf of the entire survey team, I would
like to express my personal appreciation for
your assistance during our brief stop in San
Jose today. Together I am sure we can resolve
the many details to insure a successful visit
to Costa Rica by President Reagan.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Mr. Maximiliano Oreamuno Brenes
Chief of Protocol
Office of the President
Republic of Costa Rica
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 9, 1982
Dear Mr. President:
It was SO thoughtful of you to send the
beautiful book "Columbia". I am looking
forward to some free time to enjoy it.
I sincerely appreciate your generosity
and thoughtfulness.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
His Excellency
Belisario Betancur
President of the Republic of Columbia
Bogota, Columbia
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR RECORD
SUBJECT: Survey Trip to South and Central America
November 5 - 8, 1982
Washington, DC to Brasilia
Flight time: 8 hrs.
30 min.
Attended informal barbecue at Ambassador Motley's residence.
OVERNIGHT
Saturday, November. 6
Tour of American Embassy
Itamaraty (Foreign Office)
Planalto (President's Office)
Alvadorada (Official residence)
DEPART Brasillia 1 p.m.
Flight time: 1 hr.
20 min.
ARRIVE Sao Paulo, Brazil
Tour of Maksoud Plaza Hotel
Anhembi Convention Center
FEB Memorial
DEPARTED Congonhas AP via Brazilian Aircraft en route
Viracopos International AP
DEPARTED Sao Paulo, Brazil en route Rio de Janeiro
Flight time: 40 min.
OVERNIGHT
Sunday, November 7
DEPART Rio de Janeiro
Flight time: 5 hrs.
30 min.
ARRIVE Bogota, Columbia
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
ARRIVE BOGOTA
Meeting at Embassy
Proceed to Foreign Ministry
Tour Presidential Palace
Plaza Bolivar
Quinta Bolivar
DEPART Bogota
Flight time: 1 hr. 15 min.
ARRIVE Cartagena
DINNER Club de Pesca
OVERNIGHT Cartagena
Monday, November 8
Site survey: Club Naval to survey possible Presidential
dinner
DEPART Club Naval via BOAT enroute Casade Huespedes Ilustres.
(Columbian Presidential guest house)
TOUR Convention Center
DEPART Cartagena, Colombia
Flight Time: 1 hour 35 min.
ARRIVE San Jose, Costa Rica
Ambassador's residence for lunch.
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TP
OF
SEAL OF SEALOR THE OF THE PR PRESIDENTS
A HEMISPHERE
OF DEMOCRACY
The Reagan Administration and Latin America
T
he journey of President Ronald Reagan
to Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Honduras from
November 30 to December 4, 1982, bore witness to the
commitment of the United States to democracy
in the Western Hemisphere.
It is quite true that President Reagan
also traveled to Latin America "to listen and learn';
to discuss new economic challenges in an era of
growing interdependence; and finally, to reaffirm the U.S. faith in
the collective security of the inter-American system.
But in demonstrating the importance that his Administration
places on the entire fabric of hemispheric relations,
the President consciously gave the highest priority to the
identification North Americans feel for the struggle
for democracy in Latin America.
THE
DEMOCRATIC
IMPERATIVE
If one theme runs through virtually every aspect of the
Two-thirds of the members of the OAS have
Reagan Administration's policy toward the Americas, it is
governments chosen in open, competitive elections. It is
a commitment to the support and expansion of free
estimated that, counting Brazil, more than 80 percent of the
institutions and democratic government. Support for
population of Latin America live under some form of
democracy, it must be stressed, is not a theme that only
democratic government. This is an achievement
Latin America has been singled out to hear: It is a central
unmatched on any continent anywhere in the developing
element of American foreign policy throughout the world.
world. It means, quite simply, that the peoples of the
Western democracy begins with the primacy of the
Americas live in a hemisphere of democracy. President
individual. Our forebears recognized the inescapable fact
Reagan recognized this when, in Colombia, he said: "We all
that human beings are more important than the social and
know that the democratic path is never easy. But it is a path
political uses to which they can be put, that governments
toward which the peoples of this hemisphere are
exist to serve them and not the reverse. This is the
increasingly turning."
foundation upon which the democratic process rests.
This development is a just source of pride, but it is no
President Reagan has given the theme of democracy a
reason for complacency. Democracy provides neither final
renewed emphasis in many of his foreign policy addresses,
truths nor guarantees of the good life; instead, it is most
calling for a campaign to revitalize the democratic ideal
appropriately thought of as a process that allows
throughout the world.
individuals to express their political values and to seek their
"The objective I propose is quite simple to state," the
own definition of the good life. It represents the antithesis
President has declared: "to foster the infrastructure of
of ideologies, which claiming a monopoly on political truth,
democracy-the system of a free press, unions, political
impose their values upon people regardless of their wants
parties, universities-which allows a people to choose their
or needs. "Democracy has no universal formulas like those
own way, to develop their own culture, to reconcile their
of totalitarian philosophies," President Luis Alberto
own differences through peaceful means.
Monge of Costa Rica has stated. "Its strength is that it allows
"This is not cultural imperialism; it is providing
free people to find their own solutions."
the means for genuine self-determination and protection
Despite their diversity, democratic societies share
of diversity."
certain characteristics. For one, they tend to be vigorous
and open. Democracy enables debate on such core issues
as defining national identity, insuring social justice and
DEMOCRACY
achieving economic prosperity. Not surprisingly, the
IN
decibel level in democratic states-domestically and
LATIN AMERICA
internationally-tends to be higher than authoritarian
Nowhere has the reassertion of democratic values been
societies where such decisions are imposed from above,
more dramatic than in Latin America. Just a few years ago,
or negotiated privately by elites accountable only
few political analysts foresaw the extent to which
to themselves.
democracy would constitute the wave of the future. Yet
The challenges to the Americas today-in trade,
today the nations of the Americas increasingly recognize
finance, human rights, economic growth and security-
that sustained political and economic progress must rest
are, and will continue to be, subjects of vigorous debate. But
on the participation and consent of the people.
nations sharing the receptivity and respect for differing
U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz commented on
viewpoints inherent in the democratic tradition, as well as
this phenomenon in his November 1982 address to the
the ties of culture, history and geography, already have a
Organization of American States (OAS):
foundation for surmounting these problems through
"Our record is uneven. For some countries—
accommodation and cooperation.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela, Barbados,
Jamaica, Trinidad, indeed most of the Caribbean-
democratic institutions have functioned without inter-
PROSPERITY,
ruption for a generation or more. Other countries have
PEACE
experienced only interludes of democratic governance.
AND DEMOCRACY
"But what is most striking is that democracy is every-
One facet of democracy that Latin America and developing
where the hemisphere's recurring and practical standard
nations everywhere are recognizing is that democratic
"In the last few years, Ecuador, Honduras and Peru
institutions, far from being luxuries that only
have all fully reaffirmed their democratic traditions. The
industrialized countries can afford, contribute decisively to
Dominican Republic has sustained its newer tradition.
sustained growth, prosperity and social equity. They are
Brazil's abertura (opening to democracy) has been
also essential for the maintenance of genuinely dynamic
underway for a decade. And today, Argentina's and
societies in which individuals have enough of a stake to
Uruguay's commitment to a return to democratic politics,
invest in, and work willingly for, the society's future.
Bolivia's newly elected government, and the democratic
Economic progress, after all, is not the product of
transformation in El Salvador-all offer genuine hope
automatons, but the sum total of the efforts of individuals.
for the future."
Growth is inherently a creative act and economic growth is
Before a richly colorful tapestry, Presidents João Figueiredo
and Ronald Reagan toast one another's country during a formal banquet in Brasilia. Said Reagan:
"My eyes are dazzled by the progress of the Brazilian nation."
no exception. Unless a society values creativity and
perpetuate themselves in office but must remain
freedom, its potential for the innovation essential to
accountable to the citizenry at regular intervals. Elections
continued economic growth is severely limited.
are inclusive: They are not limited to small groups that leave
Examples abound everywhere, from the developing
large segments of the adult population disenfranchised.
world to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, of
And elections are definitive: When the people vote, the
authoritarian and totalitarian nations that are
results are binding and not advisory. "Legitimate power
stagnating economically, and often find themselves
flows only from the people," Ambassador Kirkpatrick adds
dependent on military and police power to maintain
Further, the ability of a nation to conduct free
their rule. By contrast, the democracies of Latin America,
elections implies the ability to protect other essential
other developing nations and Western Europe, with few
freedoms, including freedom of expression and the press,
exceptions, have recorded relatively high rates of growth
and to organize political parties.
and levels of prosperity.
As President Reagan has observed: "Nations in Central
and South America are finding that the consensus-
THE IMPERATIVE
building inherent in a democracy offers a firm foundation for
OF
INTERDEPENDENCE
responding to economic and other crises." Three of the
countries the President visited-Brazil, Costa Rica and
During the past 20 years, Latin America and the Caribbear
Honduras-recently have conducted elections in times of
have achieved one of the most impressive rates of
economic stress-clear indications of an understanding
economic growth in the world. The average annual growt
that economic recovery must proceed in tandem with
rate, excluding inflation, of 5.7 percent has been
democratic institutions.
consistently higher than that of the developed countries
Democratic societies in the 20th century also tend to
and of the developing nations taken as a whole.
be peaceful societies. This is not because their citizens are
The economic size of Latin America has tripled in
inherently more virtuous than those of other states, but
absolute terms since 1960. This fact is hardly surprising
because democratic governments are accountable to the
given the size and diversity of its markets, its increasing
people. "We know that democracies are far less likely to go
skilled work force, large agricultural and mineral
to war than governments whose leaders need not obtain the
resources, and growing industrial and technological
consent of the people," Secretary of State Shultz said in
capability.
his OAS speech. "In Central America the democratic
International trade has contributed to Latin America
transformation of all the states in the area is not only a
growth as well. U.S. imports from Latin America and the
desirable step that each may set itself; it may well be a
Caribbean have grown from $4 thousand million in 1960 t
precondition for a durable peace."
$39 thousand million in 1980; direct investment from the
United States increased from $8.4 to $38.3 thousand millic
in the same period.
THE
In 1980 total trade within the hemisphere-includir
ELECTORAL
Canada-totaled $155 thousand million, or 42 percent O
KEY
the hemisphere's overall world trade. Latin America, as
In committing itself to the support of political democracy
whole, is the United States' biggest customer.
in Latin America and elsewhere, the United States has no
The impressive nature of these figures should not
unilateral definition of precisely what democratic
obscure another fact of great importance to U.S.-Latin
practices must look like in other nations and cultures. But
economic relations: the diversification of Latin America
the central institution of any true democracy is the same-
trade and investment patterns. Trade between Japan and
open elections. During his trip, President Reagan endorsed
Latin America, especially Brazil, has increased enormous
the resolution of the October 4, 1982, San Jose conference
and trade between Latin America and Europe has
of eight Latin American democratic states establishing a
expanded greatly as well. At present, direct foreign
regional elections bureau as part of their program for
investment in Latin America by nations outside the
strengthening the electoral process in Central America.
hemisphere exceeds $15 thousand million.
In an age when even the most totalitarian of states pay
As a result, the economic relationships in the
obeisance to the forms of democracy, free elections offer a
Americas are both more competitive and more diverse. T
benchmark by which to distinguish true democratic
days when relations consisted almost exclusively of
practices from those of states that are democracies in name
bilateral exchanges between the United States and Lat
only. Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick, Permanent U.S.
America are past. Latin America has, in broad historica
Representative to the United Nations, provides a succinct
terms, moved from a pattern of relative dependency to
definition of truly free elections: "Democratic elections
position of unquestioned economic strength and
are competitive, periodic, inclusive and definitive."
diversity. Dependence has become interdependence. As
Elections are competitive: Candidates representing
Secretary of State Shultz puts its: "We depend vitally 0
contest
each
other
in
open
debate.
each other, for our prosperity, for our security, for peace.
Interdependence, therefore, is an imperative for the
industrial nations have declined.
United States as well as for Latin America. Without mutual
The response of each nation in Latin America must, of
accommodation and cooperation, prosperity and growth
course, suit its special circumstances, but all confront th
are impossible; with it, the physical and human resources
need for economic stabilization and reduction of foreign
of the hemisphere offer a future of renewed progress for all.
debts. At the same time, public and private lenders shoul
maintain adequate flows of credit. As President Reagan
observed: "Lenders and borrowers must remember that
THE
each has an enormous stake in the other's success."
CHALLENGE OF
Where nations undertake necessary reforms and sta-
RECOVERY
bilization programs, the United States recognizes the ne
Every nation of the hemisphere now faces the challenge of
cessity of working together on debt matters. In August
overcoming a serious worldwide recession. To succeed,
1982, for example, Mexico and the United States cooperate
nations must translate the pledge of mutual cooperation
to mobilize $4.5 thousand million in financing to allow
into practical recovery programs, and work to protect the
time for Mexico to prepare a stabilization plan in conjun
integrity of the trading and financial systems that are among
tion with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). And in
the most powerful engines of growth at the disposal of the
Brazil, President Reagan announced a $1.23 thousand m
international community.
lion, short-term "bridging" loan pending arrangement O
This challenge is not a North-South issue, but one
a similar financing agreement with the IMF.
shared by every member of the international community.
Like the other nations of the Americas, the United States
has been struggling to recover from the multiple impact of
MULTILATERAL
recession, inflation, increased energy costs and high
AID
interest rates. The Reagan Administration recognizes that
AND CBI
the United States, as the world's single largest market,
Although the Reagan Administration emphasizes the
must make every effort to revitalize its own economy;
role of free trade and the private sector as the essentia
President Reagan's domestic recovery program is
keys to sustained, noninflationary growth, it is fully awa
designed to do precisely that. Already, inflation and interest
that concessional aid and other forms of assistance are
rates have dropped dramatically, and productivity and
often critical factors in development. The United States
savings are on the upswing. "We believe the door is now
contrary to some assertions, is not seeking to reduce it
opening to lasting, broad-based economic expansion,"
overall contributions to international multilateral
the President said in Sao Paulo, Brazil, "[which] will mean
organizations. Prior to his Latin American trip, Presiden
increased trading opportunities for our friends in the
Reagan said: "We support an adequate increase in IMF
developing world."
quotas and a substantial replenishment of the Inter-
The United States remains committed to fostering
American Development Bank."
expanded international trade as an essential step toward
Member nations of the Inter-American Bank later
recovery. In 1981, for example, the United States alone paid
agreed to such a replenishment plan, one element of wh
more than $68 thousand million to the developing world for
is a $13-thousand-million lending program. And in
imported goods (which excludes payments for oil imports
January 1983 the United States joined with other indust
to nations belonging to the Organization of Petroleum
nations in announcing a major increase in the funding
Exporting Countries (OPEC)). This figure is twice as much
the IMF to "insure renewed and sustained growth." The
as the developing world received in official development aid
created a new emergency fund of $19 thousand millior
from all sources.
accessible to any IMF member with balance-of-payment
It is vital that the industrial and developing nations
debt problems that "pose a threat to the stability of th
alike reject the lure of protectionist policies implemented
international monetary system," and agreed to expand I
either by building tariff barriers to imports, or by artificially
reserves through a substantial increase in the quotas
subsidizing exports to gain a fleeting competitive
member nations.
advantage. In the end, protectionism simply spawns
In setting terms of trade and specific levels of aid
protectionism elsewhere, leading to economic
Latin America and the United States must strive for W
contraction and the loss of jobs that were the rationale for
Secretary of State Shultz called the "balance of interde
such protectionist policies in the first place.
pendence." Just who should make what economic adju
At the same time, the Reagan Administration
ments, and in what degree, is a question with a differe
recognizes that the recession has hit the developing
answer for each nation and each set of circumstances
nations, including Latin America, particularly hard. The
For some of the most vulnerable economies of th
problem is a formidable one. Deficits among the
region, the President has proposed the innovative
hemisphere nations have increased sharply, aggravated by
Caribbean Basin Initiative. CBI is an integrated, mutua
inflation and high interest rates. Simultaneously, the
reinforcing package of trade, investment and aid provisi
recession has reduced export earnings as the prices for
designed to provide short-run assistance, and to help
basic commodities have fallen and imports by the
establish conditions for long-term increases in producti
In Bogota, Colombia, President Reagan,
after laying a commemorative wreath, stands in silence before the statue
of Latin America's Great Liberator, Simon Bolivar.
Colombiana
President Reagan, aboard the Presidential plane during his
Latin American journey, confers with key foreign policy and economic
aides. From left: Special White House Trade Representative William Brock,
the President, National Security Adviser William Clark, Secretary of
State George Shultz and Secretary of the Treasury Donald Regan.
and output. CBI's centerpiece is an offer of one-way free
and definitive settlement: various inter-American
trade for 28 nations and dependencies in the region that
arbitration and conciliation agreements, OAS
would eliminate duties on all imports from the Caribbean
peacekeeping mechanisms, the International Court of
Basin (with the exception of textiles that are covered by
Justice, even the treaty of Tlatelolco, which establishe
international agreement). The United States developed
the world's first nuclear-free zone in a populated
CBI in consultation with other nations in Latin America; and
area The maintenance of a peaceful equilibrium with
Canada, Mexico, Venezuela and Colombia are
the hemisphere is everyone's business."
participating as donor nations in this regional effort.
The decision of the United States in the South Atlan
The U.S. Congress already has authorized the
crisis does not imply support for the sovereignty claim
economic aid portion of CBI, but, due to procedural
either Britain or Argentina, and in November 1982 the
obstacles, failed to pass the free-trade provisions at the
Reagan Administration supported a balanced resolution
end of 1982. In a subsequent meeting with ambassadors
the Falklands/Malvinas in the United Nations.
from the OAS however, President Reagan pledged that
Even given this tragic exception, the inter-Americ
passage of the remaining trade and tax-incentive provisions
system, based on the Rio Treaty, the Pan American Unio
of the Caribbean Basin Initiative would be one of his
the OAS and a strong network of bilateral ties, has served
Administration's highest priorities in 1983. (His remarks to
security needs of the hemisphere well. Latin America, (
the OAS ambassadors appear on the inside back cover.)
average, spends only about 1.4 percent of gross nation
product on defense-a quarter of what the developing
INTER-
world as a whole spends. By one count, the OAS has
AMERICAN
responded to more than 50 requests for mediation ano
SECURITY
settlement of disputes; often its contributions have be
decisive. Costa Rica, for example, has no army and no
In his speech to the OAS, Secretary of State Shultz
intention of establishing one; this policy is not based
observed: "The striking thing to me, thinking over what
occurred in our lifetimes, is the success the American
wishful thinking, but upon an inter-American security
system that has proven repeatedly that it works.
states have had in preventing war." Of course, there have
been exceptions, he noted, the Chaco War in the 1930's,
conflicts in Central America and internal insurgencies.
THE
Most recently, the hemisphere confronted the tragic
CENTRAL AMERICAN
war in the South Atlantic. It bears repeating that the United
CHALLENGE
States made a sustained effort to help settle the Falklands/
Central America today is a test of the right of peoples
Malvinas dispute peacefully; and when prospects for a set-
be secure from violence imposed on them by hostile
tlement ended, the United States moved to underscore its
foreign powers. The question is whether, after generatio
condemnation of the use of force to resolve disputes.
of inequity, a more progressive and just future will be
As Thomas O. Enders, U.S. Assistant Secretary
for Inter-American Affairs, has pointed out: "Machinery
guaranteed best by the free institutions of democracy, or b
the tired ideologies of totalitarianism. Tyranny of the left is
exists to anticipate disputes and permit their peaceful
no less despotism than dictatorship of the right. Just as th
6
United States, together with other nations, seeks
economic justice and democracy for the hemisphere, the
"To
U.S. also affirms its opposition to those who would impose
a single vision of the future on their neighbors.
Strengthen
The guerrilla war being waged against the elected
government of El Salvador, for example, is not simply an
the
internal matter, since the anti-government forces are
sustained by arms, training and logistical support from
forces outside the hemisphere, with the active
Democratic
assistance of Cuba and Nicaragua. The conflict is a test of
the ability of the Americas to deter aggression and
Bond"
protect the principle of self-determination. The recent
elections in El Salvador, held in the face of threats and
PRESIDENT REAGAN
attacks by guerrilla forces, were eloquent evidence of the
IN LATIN AMERICA
Salvadoreans' belief in the democratic process and
rejection of revolutionary violence.
Nicaragua represents, in principle, a similar
challenge. In addition to supporting intervention in El
Salvador, the Sandinista regime has violated its own
promises of pluralism and free elections which they made
repeatedly, first to democratic members of the coalition
that united with them in opposition to the regime of
E
Anastasio Somoza, and later to the OAS. The Sandinistas
very trip by a head of state has
also have embarked on a program of militarization on a
a personal as well as an official level:
scale far beyond that of any other nation in the region with
For President Ronald Reagan, his
the exception of Cuba.
journey to South and Central America
U.S. military assistance to El Salvador and Honduras
was a source of personal satisfaction.
is based on the simple premise that neither peace,
Since his first days in office,
democracy nor economic progress is possible without
President Reagan has expressed interest
assurances of security. But containing aggression and
in traveling to Latin America. He also has
eliminating subversion are only first steps. '`If peace
given inter-American affairs high
requires strength," Secretary of State Shultz said, "strength
priority within his Administration. Mr.
in turn infuses an obligation to make peace."
Reagan met twice with outgoing
The Reagan Administration firmly supports the reso-
President José Lopez Portillo of Mexico
lutions of the San Jose Conference of democratic nations of
and more recently with new President
Central America and the Caribbean, held in October 1982.
Miguel de la Madrid. On a Caribbean
These resolutions reaffirm their commitment to non-inter-
trip he held meetings with Prime
vention, democratic values and human rights. Specifically,
they call upon all nations in the region to:
Minister Edward Seaga of Jamaica,
Prime Minister J.M.G.M. "Tom"
-renounce the importation of heavy offensive weapons;
-insure the withdrawal of all foreign military
Adams of Barbados and the leaders of the
advisers and troops;
island nations of St. Vincent, Dominica,
-end support for subversion against neighboring
Saint Kitts-Nevis, and Antigua and
countries;
Barbuda. He also consulted with a
-begin internal reconciliation enabling dissidents to
number of American leaders in Wash-
participate openly in public life; and finally,
ington and addressed the Organization
-establish democratic institutions and hold open
of American States on his trade-and-
elections.
investment initiative for the Caribbean.
"The principles of the San Jose Final Act provide a
The President intended his trip to
reciprocal, just and verifiable basis for peace," President
underscore further the importance that
Reagan stated in his televised address from Costa Rica. "I
his Administration attaches to relations
call on all states in this region to join in this process of
with Latin America. Each of the four
genuine, peaceful reconciliation."
countries on the itinerary had held
The affirmation of democracy, a pledge to work for
elections in the past year, which enabled
economic progress and expanded trade, a commitment to
President Reagan to encourage what he
the inter-American security system-these are the
termed "a strong democratic tide
foundations of the Reagan Administration's policy for Latin
running in the Americas."
BRAZIL
Below, President Reagan and aides, flanked b
arrive for talks with Brazilian leaders. Right
conferees (from left): U.S. Treasury Secretar
Ambassador to Brazil, Langhorne A. Motley
State Shultz; President Reagan; President F
Brazilian Ambassador to the U.S., Antonio
"Let us remember
progress is imposs
peace, economic
crucial pilla
Beneath Brazilia
President Figueiredo accompanies
flags, President Real
President Reagan following
delivers an addre
I
his arrival in Brasilia (below), first
and economic relat
stop on the U.S. President's
Americas
four-nation Latin American trip.
representatives in :
n Brazil President Reagan
groups to examine bilateral
renewed his acquaintance with
issues in economics, nuclear
President João Figueiredo,
power, science and technology,
whom he had met previously in
space and military-industrial
Washington. On his arrival in
relations.
Brasilia, President Reagan said:
At an afternoon visit to
"Our societies are similar in that
President Figueiredo's ranch,
we both have a frontier tradition,
both leaders went horseback
an openness and vision for
riding and enjoyed an outdoor
greatness Your elections
barbecue. At a more formal dinner
November 15 demonstrate
in the evening, President Reagan
Brazil's confidence in itself and its
toasted his host and said: "My
stability in freedom."
eyes are dazzled by the progress
The two leaders held lengthy
of the Brazilian nation."
discussions on the following day,
On the second and final day
resulting in agreement on a series
of his Brazilian visit, President
of measures designed to meet
Reagan flew to São Paulo for an
financial and trade problems.
address on hemispheric
President Reagan announced
economic and trade relations
that the United States would
before an audience of business
provide a short-term loan of
representatives. The President
$1.23 thousand million so that
observed that, despite the current
Brazil could complete a financial
recession, the United States and
program in conjunction with the
Latin America were taking the
International Monetary Fund.
painful but necessary steps for
President Reagan noted that the
sustained economic expansion.
loan supplemented recent
He urged nations to reject
lending by private banks, which
protectionism and work to expand
"reflects their confidence in
international trade. And as a
Brazil's economic soundness and
practical example of cooperation
a recognition of the commitment
between Brazil and the United
of the Brazilian government and
States in science and technology,
its people to undertake needed
he invited a Brazilian astronaut
adjustments."
to train in the United States
They agreed that Brazil
for a future mission aboard
would phase out export subsidies
the U.S. Space Shuttle. (Excerpts
during the next two years, and
from this speech begin on
established five special working
page 17.)
guard,
the
U.S.
y of
; and
ra.
st as
hout
is a
ace."
U.S.
ght)
I
rade
the
ness
ulo.
I
n a busy five-hour visit to
conferred at the Presidential
that he appreciated that President
other's thoughts in th
Colombia, President Reagan and
Palace. At a luncheon following
Betancúr had spoken "from the
tive spirit in which th
President Belisario Betancúr
their meeting, President
heart." Mr. Reagan continued:
offered."
held frank and cordial talks as they
Betancúr expressed his concern
"You have spoken frankly.
President Reagar
reviewed some of the differences
over such issues as trade and the
Now let me do the same. I came
the conclusions of th
between them on bilateral and
impact of the recession on Latin
here to listen and to learn. One of
conference of democra
hemispheric issues. After laying
economies, funding levels for
the great traditions of democratic
as an important step
a wreath at the statue of the great
multilateral institutions and U.S.
nations, as you know SO well, is
peace, with its call for
Latin American liberator Simon
policy in Central America.
that leaders can speak candidly to
importation of offensi
Bolivar, the two Presidents
President Reagan responded
one another and accept the
weapons, the withdrav
Above, Presidents
Belisario Betancúr
and Ronald Reagan
exchange gifts at
the Presidential Palace
in Bogota.
Accompanied by senior foreign policy aides, the two leaders discuss a range
of issues that included bilateral trade relations, multilateral aid programs, the problem
of illegal drug traffic and the security situation in Central America.
COLOMBIA
10
C-
foreign military advisers and the
increased quotas for the IMF and
ly, member nations agreed on a
production of illegal drugs and
establishment of reconciliation
replenishment of the Inter-
plan to replenish the funds in the
cutting drug traffic.
and democratic institutions
American Development Bank.
bank, including a lending program
"Our new relations with
among all nations of the region.
(Officials explained that the
of $13 thousand million.)
each other reflect the maturity of
He pointed to the far-reaching
disagreement concerning the
President Reagan also
our partnership," he concluded.
trade and investment provi-
Inter-American Bank involved
expressed his determination to
"We do not agree on every issue
sions of the Caribbean Basin
the amount of funds for the four
continue U.S. efforts to reduce
..but we have established a dia-
Initiative, in which Colombia
largest Latin countries, and not
illegal drug consumption in the
logue based on mutual respect,
is participating, and noted
over amounts available to nations
United States and to cooperate
our shared religious heritage and
American assurances of in-
such as Colombia. Subsequent-
with Colombia in reducing
our common legacy."
Presidents Reagan and Betancúr (above) toast each other at
a formal luncheon. One of the great traditions of democratic
nations," said Mr. Reagan, "is that leaders can speak
candidly to one another and accept the other's thoughts in the
constructive spirit in which they are offered."
COSTA RICA
A
rriving in Costa Rica,
President Reagan received a
warm greeting from President
Costa Rican
schoolchildren (below) greet
Luis Alberto Monge. A short time
the President upon his
later, he met with President Alvaro
arrival in San Jose.
Magaña of El Salvador to review
the country's economic and
security situation, and to express
his determination that the
government continue its efforts
to protect human rights.
Reaga
President Magaña noted that he
is establishing a Human Rights
Alberto
Commission to monitor the
situation with representatives
ext
from widely varied sectors of
betwe
and the
Salvadorean society.
President Reagan
concluded his Latin American
trip the following day with a
strenuous schedule of activities
that revolved around the basic
themes of his entire journey:
support of democratic insti-
tutions and measures to help
stimulate economic growth.
During a round of meetings,
Presidents Reagan and Monge
reviewed alternatives for U.S.
assistance to the Costa Rican
economy, including a major
agricultural loan. At the National
Theater in San Jose, both leaders
signed an extradition treaty, after
which President Reagan delivered
an address to Costa Rican
legislators and their guests that
was televised to 15 nations in the
region. As the President rose to
speak, a Marxist member of the
legislature interrupted the
proceedings to read a protest.
President Reagan listened to a
translation at a nearby earphone
for a few moments, and then
commented: "I was informed
that he was expressing the
communist viewpoint. He was
allowed to do so here in this
democracy. We wouldn't be
allowed to do the same in a
communist country." The
audience applauded his remarks.
In his speech, President
Reagan condemned the "violence
of false revolutionaries and the
reaction of false conservatives."
Costa Rica, he said, "will always
be between continents and seas,
but to live peacefully and
democratically will require the
continued courage and
commitment of all the Americas."
(Excerpts from this speech begin
on page 19.)
12
President Monge (below) speaks to assemblage of Costa Rican officials and guests at the
National Theater in San Jose following the signing of the extradition treaty.
ent
to
MIS
IS
on
ty
a
a
HOTEL
cariari
COSTA RICA
Left, El Salvador
President Alvaro
Magaña and President
Reagan, together with
aides, confer at their
meeting in Costa Rica.
They focused on the
need to maintain progress
in human rights, and
reviewed El Salvador's
security and economic
F San Jose, the
solidarity, our governments can
that the visit "represents the most
elections, and en
President flew to San Pedro Sula,
protect our democratic
clear and decided support for our
government's cam
Honduras, for meetings with
institutions and free market
democratic process and our
abuses of human
President Roberto Suazo
economic systems from the
efforts for social and economic
combat corruption
Córdova and General Efraín Rios
counterfeit revolutionaries who
development."
In a statemer
Montt of Guatemala. After his
seek to destroy growth and
In his meeting with General
their meeting, Pre
discussions with President Suazo,
impose totalitarianism on
Rios Montt, President Reagan
said: "I have assu
Mr. Reagan said:
free people."
stressed his support for the rapid
President that the l
"Through cooperation and
President Suazo responded
restoration of democracy and free
committed to supp
LIONDUIDAS
to restore democracy and to
address the root causes of this
violent insurgency. I know he
wants to improve the quality of
life for all Guatemalans and to
promote social justice. My
Administration will do what it can
to support his progressive
efforts."
With an honor
guard in the back-
ground, President
Reagan waves to a
crowd during his stay
in Honduras.
While in
Honduras,
President Reagan
meets with
Guatemalan
President Efraín
Rios Montt
(second from left).
W hen President
Reagan returned to the United
States, it was with a deeper
knowledge of the strengths,
diversity and problems of the
nations of the Americas, and
In San Pedro Sula,
with a renewed dedication to
Honduras (left),
President Reagan
the objective with which he
reviews that country's
began his trip: to join with the
requirements for
countries of Latin America and
economic and security
assistance with
the Caribbean in building a
President Roberto
prosperous, peaceful
Suazo Córdova.
hemisphere of democracy.
Two Speeches
The following are excerpts from
President Ronald Reagan's
address in Sao Paulo, Brazil,
December 2, 1982.
W
to Brazil with the admiration and respect due a great nation.
One of your renowned writers, Monteiro Lobato, lived in our country in the 1920's and 1930's. While there,
he wrote a book called America in which he said, "The Brazilian considers his country the marvel of
marvels, but with one single defect: that it is not well known abroad."
If he were writing today, he could still say, Brazil is the marvel of marvels; but he would have to admit
that your reputation has caught up with your achievements
May I share with you today a dream I have long had? A dream of strengthening our relations with
Brazil, and with all our neighbors here in the Western Hemisphere. On this shrinking planet, the drive for
renewal, economic progress, and the leadership for world peace must increasingly come from the New World.
Here we are blessed with great abundance: resources, technology, and, most important, the spirit of
freedom-a spirit that harnesses our energies to pursue a greater good
Trust the people; believe every human being is capable of greatness; believe every society is capable of
self-government-this is the soul of our revolution, the soul of democracy and freedom. It is the New World's
gift to the old. Only when people are free to worship, create and build, only when they are given a personal
stake in deciding their destiny, and benefiting from their own risks-only then do societies become dynamic,
prosperous and free
The great republics of South and North America and the Caribbean have virtually unlimited potential
for economic development and human fulfillment. We have a combined population of more than 600 million
people. Our continents and islands boast vast reservoirs of food and raw materials. The markets of the
Americas have produced high standards of living. We offer hope to oppressed and impoverished people
We also see Brazil's modern pioneers exploring a frontier as challenging as the Amazon: space. Well,
today I would like to propose an idea to you: To have a Brazilian astronaut train with ours so that Brazil and
the United States can some day participate in a Shuttle launch together as partners in space
T
hree things are essential for full world recovery and development: We must each move to correct
our domestic economic and financial problems. We must protect the integrity of the world's trading and
financial systems. And we must work together to help the international system evolve and better assure
our mutual prosperity.
The first, most important contribution any country can make is to get its own economic and financial
house in order. Many countries, including our own, did not do so
For the United States, the way back has been hard. When my Administration took over, we faced
record interest rates and inflation and the highest peacetime tax burden in our history.
Our recovery program is designed to help us make a long-overdue transition to an investment-
powered, non-inflationary economy that will put the United States back on the cutting edge of growth
We believe the door is now opening to a lasting, broad-based economic expansion over the next several
years. As the world's largest single market, a prosperous, growing U.S. economy will mean increased trading
opportunities for our friends in the developing world
With so many out of work-in my country, yours and others-protectionism has become an ugly
specter stalking the world. One danger is protection against imports, erecting barriers to shut out the
competitive goods and services of others to one's own markets. Another danger is protection of exports, using
artificial supports to gain competitive advantage for one's own goods and services in the markets of others.
The aim of these actions may be to protect jobs, but the practical result, as we know from historical
experience, is the destruction of jobs. Protectionism induces more protectionism and this leads only to
economic contraction and, eventually, dangerous instability
Our crisis today is not between North and South, but between universal aspirations for growth and the
longest worldwide recession in postwar history.
But let us also acknowledge another fundamental fact of economic life: The recession has had a
particularly painful impact on developing countries. They have suffered declining demand in world markets
and falling access to financial markets. This greatly complicates our collective recovery
Last February [1982], I spoke before the Organization of American States in Washington. I pledged that
our Administration would seek a new relationship with the nations of the Caribbean, and Central and South
America. I said we would approach our neighbors not as someone with still another plan, but as a friend, pure and
simple-one who seeks their ideas and suggestions on how we could become better neighbors
The leading developing nations should all enter the world trading system as full partners. Then they can
share more fully in the gains from trade and, at the same time, assume more fully the obligations of the
trading system. All we ask is that we examine together the mutual trading gains that can be achieved through
reciprocal action. I have enormous confidence in the methods that brought unprecedented benefits in the past
We must improve the mechanisms for the settlement of trade disputes to take economic quarrels out of
the political arena, and base resolution of conflicts on criteria we all respect
Finally, let us remember that just as progress is impossible without peace, economic growth is a crucial
pillar of peace, beckoning with brighter horizons for all who dream of a better life
Brazil will build. You will grow. And by your side will be the United States-your partner in the New
The following excerpts are from
the President's televised
address in San Jose, Costa Rica,
December 4, 1982.
mericans and Costa Ricans-we are all of the New World. Our people live the
peaceful revolution of democracy, secure under the rule of law and prospering through economic freedom.
But there are outsiders who would exploit our rich new world by undermining the democratic systems that
make us free. We of this hemisphere must stand together so that we can continue to improve the quality of life
for our people. We must be strong enough, our people prosperous enough, and our democracies stable
enough to remain independent, at peace and free
Costa Rica is a proud example of a free people practicing the principles of democracy. And you have
done so in good times and in bad: when it was easier, and when it required great courage.
Your commitment to freedom was evident last February [1982] when-as every four years-you
elected a new government. In October you led the region's democracies toward recognition of principles for a
lasting, humane peace in Central America. And just last month President [ Luis Alberto] Monge spoke
eloquently in Washington about democracy and of the commitment of all democratic nations of the region to
an elections institute-an advisory body to assist other countries in developing the practice of democracy,
and which will be a specialized branch of the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights in San Jose.
Costa Rica's foundation of democracy and law, as President Monge said in Washington, is your
guarantee of peace. He put it this way: "Violence, war and guerrillas lose their support when the people enjoy
free elections and when their vote is respected
The only real route to peace-to lasting peace-is the well-charted course of Costa Rica: commitment to
democracy, rejection of extremism and the force of arms; and respect for human rights and the rule of law. It
also includes reliance on international law such as the Rio Treaty essential to your national defense and
fundamental to our common security
The peace we've known has been a precious asset for the Americas. Instead of allocating a great share of
their resources on military spending, the developing countries of this hemisphere have invested in the future,
and this has been no accident. From the Pan American Union to the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro and the
Organization of American States, this hemisphere has been in the forefront of multilateral, international
cooperation. No other region of the world can match our record.
19
The
hese are not mere words. We have and will continue to practice what we proclaim.
The United States will continue to support the new democratic institutions in Honduras and the
developing democratic processes of El Salvador. Any nation destabilizing its neighbors by protecting
guerrillas and exporting violence should forfeit close and fruitful relations with the people of the United States
of America-and with any people who truly love peace and freedom.
The meeting of democratic nations here in San Jose on October 4 [ 1982| showed us anew the way
toward peace and stability. We applaud the Costa Rican government for that initiative and for its continued
leadership in this regional, democratic effort. We join you willingly. Democratic states have a unique role in
the moral history of the world, because our governments are accountable to the governed and are less likely
to abuse their own citizens or to attack their neighbors.
The principles of the San Jose Final Act provide a reciprocal, just and verifiable basis for peace. I call on
all states in this region to join in this process of genuine, peaceful reconciliation.
In this same spirit we must also work together to solve the serious economic problems jeopardizing
social and political progress
Self-discipline is necessary; so, too, is mutual accommodation. Borrowers must move to
restrict their deficits. But it is just as important that lenders not withhold new funds from countries which
adopt effective stabilization plans. Lenders and borrowers must remember that each has an enormous
stake in the other's success.
Similarly, the integrity of the world trading system must be preserved, so it can serve once again as the
great engine of growth. Closed markets must be carefully opened, open markets must be shielded from
protectionism. Our challenge is to make our trading and financial relationships remain a source of
prosperity and strength, and not become a source of discord and disagreement.
The debt problems facing many nations today are imposing, and we must act together to ensure that
we have the tools to deal with them. The resources of the International Monetary Fund are one of the most
important of these tools. To assure the adequacy of IMF resources, the United States has proposed that in
addition to an increase in the IMF quotas, there should also be a special borrowing arrangement to meet the
demands that may be placed on the IMF. Where countries need assistance as they seek IMF funding, those
able to do so must act to provide bridging funds
Earlier this year, in Washington, there was an exhibit of pre-Columbian Art from Costa Rica. The title
of the show was "Between Continents-Between Seas." This was fitting. But Costa Rica and Central
America as a whole are now caught between something else-a struggle of ideas between the violence of false
revolutionaries and the reaction of false conservatives. You will always be between continents and seas, but to
live peacefully and democratically will require the continued courage and commitment of all the Americas. I
am confident that together we will achieve in practice the goals we have together proclaimed:
-a Central America where not just some, but all countries are democracies where institutions are based
on free and regular elections in an atmosphere of political reconciliation within each state;
-a Central America returned to the path of substantial economic and social development;
-a Central America at peace with itself and the world;
-with a halt to foreign support for terrorist and subversive elements working toward the violent overthrow
of other governments;
-with an end to arms trafficking, the importation of heavy weapons and the buildup of armaments and
forces beyond that required for legitimate defense; and
-under fully verifiable and reciprocal conditions, the withdrawal of all-1 repeat, all-foreign military
and security advisers and troops from Central America
My government will give you and your neighbors the full support of the United States. Our
commitment to the Rio Treaty and to the principle of collective security will remain a basic tenet of our policy.
Together we will work toward the economic growth and opportunity that can only be achieved by free men
and women. We will promote the democracy that is the foundation of our freedom, and stand together to
assure the security of our peoples their governments and our way of life
Caribbean Basin Initiative:
A Presidential Pledge
Two-and-a-half weeks after his return from Latin America, on December 22, 1982,
President Reagan invited the ambassadors of the member nations of the Organization of American States
to a meeting in Washington, D.C. The following is a portion of his remarks.
I
want to report to you today on the status of our
-to support the integrity of an open and free trading system
Caribbean Basin Initiative. This initiative is part of
which is vital to the prosperity of all the peoples of
America's contribution to a collective partnership for
this hemisphere;
peace, prosperity and democracy in the Caribbean and
-to help countries trying to work through financial crises
Central America. And, as you know, I recently traveled to
and who are adopting adjustment programs in hard times
South and Central America. The reception I received
just as we are doing
convinced me even more of the vital importance to all of
Of course the Caribbean Basin Initiative is a central and
us of the well-being, the independence and the security
critical feature of this policy. Its importance was
of the nations of the Caribbean Basin and, indeed, the
underscored by everyone I met.
entire hemisphere.
I promised my Administration would do its best to
My conversations with the presidents of five
gain passage of the free trade and investment proposals in
Caribbean Basin countries were particularly
the initiative in this season of Congress I 1982]. Now this is
inspirational and helpful. We face common economic
not a made-in-the-U.S.A. product. We in the Americas have
problems of deficits, slow growth, idle capacity and high
all contributed our ideas, our resources, and our strong
debts, and common threats of insurgencies supported by
efforts to create this bold approach to development
Cuba and other Soviet satellites.
Now let me report on where that effort stands and
I was impressed most, though, by the bright prospects
what lies ahead. The aid portion of the program is an
for the future. Great advances were made over the previous
accomplished fact. The other part, having to do with trade
two decades in economic growth, in developing and
and investment, is still in the legislative process, I'm sorry to
diversifying industrial and agricultural production,
say. Because of procedural maneuvering by a small
improving health services and education. I'm convinced
minority of opponents, it has been difficult to bring that part
that the hemisphere will continue this trend of strong
of the CBI legislation to a floor vote in the Senate where a
growth and improvement.
clear majority would have supported passage. But what I
The promise of the New World remains bright. We
want you to know is that the Caribbean Basin Initiative will
have great resources and dynamic peoples. Prosperity
not die. The tremendous efforts that the leaders of your
strengthens democracy. Throughout the hemisphere
countries have put into this bill will not be in vain
democracy is on the move. Nearly all the governments in the
I am personally determined to see the CBI through.
Caribbean Basin are now democracies. Freedom and
This initiative is close to my heart. It is my highest
respect for human rights gives the fullest expression to the
priority. It proposes the right measures to help our
meaning of life, and democracy also advances peace
neighbors through this difficult period. More important,
I sought to explain our policies on my trip, and I found
it can help open the door on the kind of future our
support for them:
neighbors have a right to expect.
-to strengthen the practice of democracy and the respect
The CBI will be among the very first pieces of
for human rights;
legislation that I submit to the 98th Congress [in 1983].
-to continue support for the San Jose peace process to
The time is short, the needs are great; but we will win this
reduce tensions and conflict in Central America;
fight because there is no acceptable alternative.
-to provide limited assistance to help small countries
Together, we are a tremendous force for good. We will
struggling for democracy to defend themselves against
show the world that we conquer fear with faith, that we
foreign-supported insurgencies or terrorists determined
overcome poverty through growth, and that we counter
to impose their own totalitarian ideas;
violence with opportunity and freedom.
PHOTO CREDITS: All photographs by White House photographers Front Cover-Inside Front Cover, Jack Kightlinger. 2. Kightlinger.
5-6, Michael Evans. 8-9, top and bottom left. Evans (2); top and bottom right, Karl Schumacher (2). 10-11, Evans (3). 12. top, Kightlinger: bottom, Bill Fitz-Patrick
13. top, Fitz-Patrick: bottom. Schumacher. 14-15, Fitz-Patrick (3). 16-17, Schumacher (2). 19, Schumacher.
WRITER AND EDITOR: Howard Cincotta. DEPUTY EDITOR Adrienne E. Price.
PHOTO George Miller ART DIRECTOR Robert Banks
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