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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Roberts, John G.: Files Folder Title: Chron File (11/07/1983-11/17/1983) Box: 62 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 7, 1983 FOR: FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS apr SUBJECT: Statement of J. Paul McGrath re: Toxic Waste Victim Compensation on November 8, 1983 OMB has provided us with a copy of testimony Assistant Attorney General McGrath proposes to deliver tomorrow before the Investigation and Oversight Subcommittee of the House Public Works Committee, concerning toxic waste victim compensation. The testimony does not announce any Adminis- tration positions, but simply reviews the composition and progress of the Toxic Torts Working Group, co-chaired by McGrath and Michael Horowitz. McGrath makes four observa- tions: -- the problem must be confronted in a comprehensive fashion, avoiding ad hoc responses to whatever toxic tort is chic at the moment (whether asbestos, agent orange, uranium poisoning, etc.) -- any solution should consider not only those suffer- ing from diseases for which a cause has been isolated, but also diseases for which a cause may or may not be discovered in the future; -- the broader effect of proposed solutions on the legal system must be assessed; -- causation will likely be the critical issue. McGrath also warns that care must be taken to avoid the consequences of the black lung program, which ended up costing billions of dollars and expanded into an income distribution program reaching far beyond the original intended beneficiaries. I have no objections. The testimony simply points out the parameters of debate on this subject without committing to any positions. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 7, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR RON PETERSON OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Statement of J. Paul McGrath re: Toxic Waste Victim Compensation on November 8, 1983 Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced proposed statement, and finds no objection to it from a legal per- spective. MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 7, 1983 FOR: FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS DrR SUBJECT: Draft Proclamation: National Christmas Seal Month Dodie Livingston has asked for comments by 3:00 p.m. today on the above-referenced draft proclamation, which proclaims this month as National Christmas Seal Month. The proclama- tion, authorized and requested by S.J. Res. 188, has been approved by OMB. It reviews the impact of the various lung diseases and the work of the American Lung Association -- the Christmas Seal people -- in combatting the diseases. I have no legal objections. The draft is over-long, but Dodie Livingston plans to edit it. Attachment MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 7, 1983 FOR: DODIE LIVINGSTON SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT DIRECTOR, SPECIAL PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Draft Proclamation: National Christmas Seal Month Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft proclamation and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. We agree that the draft is too lengthy and should be shortened. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 8, 1983 FOR: FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: Enrolled Res. S.J. 188 - National Christmas Seal Month Richard Darman has asked for comments by c.o.b. Thursday, November 10, on the above-referenced enrolled joint resolution, which designates this month as National Christmas Seal Month. It has been approved by OMB and HHS. I have reviewed the enrolled resolution, and the memorandum for the President prepared by OMB Assistant Director for Legislative Reference, James M. Frey, and have no objection. Our office, incidentally, has already reviewed and approved the proclamation called for by this joint resolution. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 8, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Enrolled Resolution S.J. 188 - National Christmas Seal Month Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced enrolled resolution, and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 8, 1983 FOR: FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS are SUBJECT: Draft Memorandum to Selected Departments and Agencies re the Interagency Committee on Women's Business Enterprise Richard Darman has asked for comments by c.o.b. November 9 on the above-referenced draft memorandum. The memorandum, prepared by Becky Norton Dunlop, asks the appropriate department and agency heads to designate an individual to serve on the reactivated Interagency Committee on Women's Business Enterprise. This Committee, established by Executive Order 12138 (May 18, 1979) (copy attached), had become inactive, but the President announced his intention to reactivate it last May, originally naming Bay Buchanan as the new chairperson. The purpose of the Committee is to ensure and monitor implementation of the Executive Order, which mandates "affirmative action" to promote women's business enterprise. You will recall that when we were consulted on this question (one-half hour before the announcement), we expressed reservations in light of the affirmative action language in the Carter executive order, including language supporting the acceptability of numerical set-asides. We did not block the announcement on this ground, however, because the affirmative action language was vague enought to fit (albeit uncomfortably) within this Administration's definiton of affirmative action, and because the Executive Order directed all departments and agencies to consult with the Department of Justice concerning what sorts of actions would be appropriate. We raised the question with the Justice Department (Civil Rights Division), and they had no objection to reactivating the Committee. Buchanan's tenure as chairperson was short-lived, because of the requirement that those serving on the Committee be government employees. Dunlop was named to succeed Buchanan, and Nancy Risque and Ann Wrobleski have been named as representatives of the Executive Office of the President. The proposed memorandum asks agency heads to designate their representatives and to cooperate with the Committee. It -2- also states "I expect the heads of all departments and agencies to support this goal through federal programming which provides equitable opportunities for women business owners." This could be taken by some to justify quotas, but since it is phrased in terms of "opportunities," I have no objection. A draft is attached for your signature, noting that we have no legal objection to the proposed memorandum. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 8, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Draft Memorandum to Selected Departments and Agencies re the Interagency Committee on Women's Business Enterprise Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft memorandum, and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. In the last sentences of the fifth and sixth paragraphs, however, "which" should be "that." THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 9, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: Statement of John Keeney Regarding Credit Card and Computer Fraud H.R. 3570 and H.R. 3181 on November 10, 1983 Deputy Assistant Attorney General John Keeney proposes to deliver the attached testimony before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime on November 10. Keeney's testimony discusses two bills, H.R. 3570 and H.R. 3181, which provide penalties for credit and debit card counterfeiting and other related fraud. H.R. 3570 also provides penalties for anyone who "uses a computer with intent to execute a scheme to defraud." The testimony expresses strong support for the portions of both bills dealing with crimes involving credit and debit cards. Like other testimony delivered on behalf of the Administration on this subject, this statement suggests various amendments to the bill to correct problems caused by judicial decisions, such as the fact that illegal use of a credit card number, as opposed to the card itself, is not covered. The testimony also suggests that the provisions dealing with computer fraud be severed from the legislation, so that Justice and other agencies have more time to study possible solutions to the problem. I have reviewed the testimony, and find no objections to it. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 9, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR GREGORY JONES LEGISLATIVE ATTORNEY OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Statement of John Keeney Regarding Credit Card and Computer Fraud H.R. 3570 and H.R. 3181 on November 10, 1983 Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced testimony, and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. FFF:JGR:aea 11/9/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 10, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: Alleged Unconstitutionality of Proposed Bypass Charges in S. 1660 and H.R. 4102 Michael W. Faber of Peabody, Lambert & Meyers has written you on behalf of his partner, Ted Meyers, to contend that the proposed bypass charges in S. 1660 and H.R. 4102 are unconstitutional. Those bills, the "Universal Telephone Service Preservation Act of 1983," would impose a charge on telephone service users bypassing central exchanges. The amount of the charge would be set by a new regulatory agency. A memorandum prepared by Peabody, Lambert & Meyers contends that the charge is properly classified as a tax, not a fee. The legislative history compiled to date on the bypass charge question indicates that the purpose of the charge is to create a fund to help maintain universal telephone service -- a purpose evident in the very name of the Act. Charges to promote such general public purposes -- as opposed to paying for costs associated with a particular activity -- are taxes, not fees. Under established precedents, Congress cannot constitutionally delegate the taxing authority, and the bills are, accordingly, unconstitutional. The argument as presented in the Peabody memorandum is compelling, but there is another side to the story. Although I am not intimately familiar with how these systems work, I am advised that users who bypass exchange services -- thereby avoiding certain tolls -- nonetheless enjoy the benefit of having the exchange services available as a back-up or alternate. Such intermittent use of exchange services by the large-volume bypassers imposes large and unpredictable demands on the exchange services. It is also true that those who bypass the exchanges nonetheless benefit directly from the existence of universal service facilitated by the exchanges. These arguments suggest that those who normally bypass exchanges nonetheless impose costs on the exchanges, and that charges for bypassing can be justified as fees if directly related to those costs. The problem is that this justification is not the most prominent in the legislative history developed to date. The Peabody memorandum has been widely circulated and has caused something of a stir. There is, however, no reason for our office to become involved in this dispute at this point. I recommend no response. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS are SUBJECT: Proposed Justice Statement on S. 1876, a Bill to Allow Advertising of Any State- Sponsored Lottery, Gift Enterprise, or Similar Scheme OMB has asked for our views by noon today on the attached testimony, which Deputy Assistant Attorney General Keeney proposes to deliver before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Criminal Law on November 16. The testimony supports S. 1876, a bill that would ease existing restrictions in 18 U.S.C. §§ 1301, 1302, and 1307 on advertisement of state licensed and regulated lotteries. The existing laws were written in the nineteenth century, well before the rise of state sanctioned lotteries. S. 1876 would permit advertising in interstate and foreign commerce of any lottery scheme authorized, licensed, and regulated by state law. The Department of Justice previously opposed easing federal lottery advertising restrictions, to avoid potential conflicts with the laws of those states in which lotteries are illegal. It is now Justice's view, however, that Bigelow V. Virginia, 421 U.S. 809 (1975) renders existing bans on out-of-state lottery advertisements constitutionally suspect. That decision held that advertisements for abortions to take place in states where abortions are legal could not be banned from appearing in states where abortions and the advertisements themselves were illegal. I have no objection to the proposed testimony. I do not know if Justice's new position will antagonize religious supporters opposed to gambling on moral grounds. I bet not. If you think that danger does exist, however, I will brief Morton Blackwell on the reasons for Justice's position so that he may be prepared for any calls he might receive. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES C. MURR CHIEF, ECONOMICS-SCIENCE-GENEPAL GOVERNMENT BRANCH, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Proposed Justice Statement on S. 1876, a Bill to Allow Advertising of Any State- Sponsored Lottery, Gift Enterprise, or Similar Scheme Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced testimony, and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. FFF: JGR:aea 11/14/83 CC: FFFielding JGRoberts Subj Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS ord SUBJECT: Statement of Mark Richard: Oversight Hearings on the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (November 15, 1983) Deputy Assistant Attorney General Richard proposes to deliver the attached statement before the Senate Committee on Government Operations tomorrow. The statement presents the Department's views on inadequacies in the Lobbying Act, 2 U.S.C. §§ 261-270, which requires registration of lobby- ists and disclosure of certain information in connection with their activities. The statement contends that the Act is ineffective, inadequate, and unenforceable, largely because of restrictions on the Act imposed by the Supreme Court in United States V. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612 (1954). That decision held that the Act only applied to lobbyists who receive contributions from others, who directly and personally communicate with members of Congress (not staff) for the purpose of influencing legislation, and whose activities in substantial part are directed toward in- fluencing legislation. The testimony does not favor proposals to shift adminis- trative responsibilities under the Act from the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate, and it points out that, largely because of the Harriss decision, the solution to any perceived problems in this area does not lie in increased enforcement efforts. On page 5, the sentence beginning on line 8 notes that the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate are mere repositories of records under the Lobbying Act "without any affirmative responsi- bility to investigate possible violations of the Act or to refer complaints to the Department." The tone and context in which this sentence appears suggest that the Congres- sional officers should have such responsibility. I recommend deleting "to investigate possible violations of the Act or", since I do not think we should support giving responsibility to investigate violations of federal law to Congressional officers. I have no other objections. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR BRANDEN BLUM LEGISLATIVE ANALYST OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Statement of Mark Richard: Oversight Hearings on the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (November 15, 1983) Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced testimony. We recommend deleting "to investigate possible violations of the Act or" on page 5, lines 10-11. As written, the sentence implies that it would be better if the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate did have an affirmative responsibility_ to investigate violations of the Act. We consider it inappropriate for Congressional officers to be given authority to investigate violations of federal law. That is the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other entities in the Department of Justice and Executive branch. We have no objection to the Clerk of the House and Secretary of the Senate being directed to refer complaints or questions to the Depart- ment, but investigation goes too far. FFF: JGR:aea 11/14/83 CC: FFFielding JGRoberts Subj Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: Letter to Mr. Baker Requesting the President's Sponsorship of the Naturalization of His Family as U.S. Citizens William B. Marrash, an emigre from Lebanon, has written Mr. Baker to seek the President's help in obtaining natural- ization for himself and members of his family. Mr. Marrash and his family were admitted to the United States in 1976, but they have not been able to accumulate the requisite period of residence for naturalization because Mr. Marrash has been working in London for G.D. Searle & Co. Indeed, Mr. Marrash prefaces his letter to Baker by noting that he works for the company run by one of Baker's predecessors, Donald Rumsfeld. Attached to the letter to Baker were copies of letters to various Congressmen, the President, and the Vice President, as well as various biographical materials concerning Marrash and his family. Marrash's letter appears well-intentioned and sincere, but the White House should not become involved in any way in the processing of naturalization requests. I have prepared a memorandum referring the entire package to the INS General Counsel for whatever action and direct response may be appropriate. I assume that response will, among other things, advise Marrash that the President cannot grant citizenship by decree. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR MAURICE C. INMAN, JR. GENERAL COUNSEL IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Letter to Mr. Baker Requesting the President's Sponsorship of the Naturalization of His Family as U.S. Citizens The attached materials are referred to you for direct reply and whatever action may be appropriate. We seek no favorable treatment for Mr. Marrash and ask only that his request be processed or handled in the same manner as other similar requests. Many thanks. FFF: JGR:aea 11/14/83 CC: FFFielding JGRoberts Subj Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 14, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS DDB SUBJECT: Anonymous Allegations Regarding ICC and FHA Administration Employee's Use of Government Cars for Personal Business You will recall that Mr. Baker received an anonymous letter alleging misuse of government vehicles by FHA and ICC officials in New England. On October 25 I prepared two separate memoranda referring the allegations to James H. Burnley IV, General Counsel at Transportation, and John H. Broadley, General Counsel at the ICC, both of which you signed on the same day. On October 27 we received a reply from Broadley noting he had referred the matter to the appropriate ICC office; Burnley has now replied that he referred the matter to the Transportation IG. On the tracking sheet for the Burnley reply you asked: "Why didn't we send to ICC?" Answer: we did. Copies of the ICC correspondence are attached. As with the Broadley reply, I do not think a response is necessary or appropriate to the reply from Burnley. Both replies simply advise us of the action taken and do not call for any sort of response. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 15, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: Suggestion that Retired Supreme Court Justices be Eligible to Fill Vacant Seats on the Supreme Court (Article From Baltimore's "Daily Record") Jay L. Spiegel has written, enclosing a copy of an article he wrote for Baltimore's Daily Record. The article points out the danger that the Supreme Court, with several aging members, may find itself short-handed for an extended period of time in the near future. With recusals, this could result in the absence of a quorum of six Justices (see 28 U.S.C. § 1) for numerous cases. Spiegel proposes a statute be enacted authorizing retired Justices to "fill in" until an ailing member of the Supreme Court is well or a vacancy filled. There is already a fascinating but little-known statutory procedure for dealing with the problem of the absence of a quorum of the Supreme Court. Under 28 U.S.C. § 2109, cases brought to the Supreme Court by direct appeal from a district court that cannot be heard due to the absence of a quorum are to be remitted, by order of the Chief Justice, to the court of appeals for the circuit containing the district court. That court shall hear and finally decide the case either en banc or by a panel consisting of the three most senior circuit judges, as the order directs. In all other cases brought before the Supreme Court that cannot be heard due to the absence of a quorum, if a majority of the Justices qualified to sit determine that the case cannot be heard in the next ensuing term, the case shall be affirmed by order of the Supreme Court, and the affirmance shall have the same effect as affirmance by an equally divided court. This latter procedure is the answer to the riddle of how a case can be affirmed by the Supreme Court when five quali- fied Justices believe it should be reversed: if the five wanting to reverse the case are the only ones qualified to sit, and they determine a quorum will not be available in the next term, then the case will be affirmed by order of the Supreme Court (albeit without precedential value). The remittal procedure of 28 U.S.C. § 2109 has been used only once in the history of the Supreme Court, in the landmark antitrust case United States V. Alcoa, 322 U.S. 716 (1944), finally decided by the three most senior Second Circuit judges, Learned Hand, Augustus Hand, and Thomas Swan, see 148 F. 2d 416 (2 Cir. 1945). The affirmance procedure has been used twice, see Prichard V. United States, 339 U.S. 974 (1950); Sloan V. Nixon, 419 U.S. 958 (1974). I have drafted a reply to Spiegel, noting that we have referred his suggestion to Justice's OLP (for want of any other idea) and also calling 28 U.S.C. § 2109 to his attention. The reply also notes Spiegel's error in considering Arthur Goldberg a retired Justice. Goldberg resigned; he did not retire. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 15, 1983 Dear Mr. Spiegel: Thank you for your letter of November 4, and the accompany- ing copy of your article in the Baltimore Daily Record. That article proposed enactment of a federal statute per- mitting a retired Supreme Court justice to fill temporarily a vacant seat on the Supreme Court. Current law does make provision for the absence of a quorum of the Supreme Court. Under 28 U.S.C. § 2109, cases brought to the Supreme Court on direct appeal from a district court are remitted to the court of appeals for the circuit in which the district court is located; other cases, if it is determined that they cannot be decided at the next ensuing term, are affirmed by an order that has the same effect as affirmance by an equally divided Court. The former pro- cedure was used in United States V. Alcoa, 322 U.S. 716 (1944); the latter in Prichard V. United States, 339 U.S. 974 (1950) and Sloan V. Nixon, 419 U.S. 958 (1974). Your article, however, raises interesting concerns, and I have taken the liberty of forwarding it to the Department of Justice, Office of Legal Policy, for whatever review that office considers appropriate. I would point out that former Justice Arthur Goldberg, un- like Justice Potter Stewart, resigned from the Court; he did not retire. Thank you again for sharing your interesting article with us. Sincerely, Fred F. Fielding Counsel to the President Mr. Jay L. Spiegel 110 W. 39 Street, #1315 Baltimore, Maryland 21210 FFF: JGR:aea 11/15/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 15, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR JONATHAN C. ROSE ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF LEGAL POLICY FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Suggestion that Retired Supreme Court Justices be Eligible to Fill Vacant Seats on the Supreme Court (Article From Baltimore's "Daily Record") The attached letter from and article by Jay L. Spiegel, together with a copy of my reply, are submitted for whatever review, if any, you consider appropriate. Attachment FFF:JGR:aea 11/15/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 15, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS DJR SUBJECT: H.J. Res. 1 -- Equal Rights Amendment Richard Darman asked for immediate comments on the attached proposed Administration policy statement. As you know, the Equal Rights Amendment is being considered in the House today on the suspension calendar -- only forty minutes of debate, with no consideration of amendments. The proposed policy statement objects to this procedure for a Constitu- tional amendment, without comment on the merits beyond reaffirming that the Administration supports equality of rights for all citizens. After conferring with Mr. Hauser, I advised Darman's office that we had no legal objection to the proposed statement. I also advised that we would not object should policy offices in the White House desire to include a statement of our continuing opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment on the merits. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE MAEFINGTON November 1€, 1983 Dear Mr. Saccani: Thank you for your letter to the President, requesting that he serve as Honorary Chairman of the 1984 Tony Conicliaro Sports Benefit. WE appreciate the kind thoughts contained in your letter. I am sorry to have to inform you, however, that the President cannot accept your gracious invitation to serve as Honorary Chairman. I am certain you will appreciate that the President receives countless such invitations from charitable croups. Except for activities with which Presidents have traditionally been associated, such as the Red Cross, or activities in which the President has been personally involved in the past, the President has been compelled to adopt a policy of uniformly declining these requests, no matter how laudable the objectives of the charitable organization. Adherence to this policy is necessary primarily out of considerations of fairness. The President cannot possibly accept all the invitations to serve as an honorary chairman he receives, and arbitrarily choosing some would be unfair to those not chosen. The White House also cannot permit the President's name to be used in connection with activities beyond our control or supervision, which would necessarily occur were the President to accept such invitations. Please be assured that our need to adhere to this policy in this instance is in no sense an adverse reflection on you or the work of the Tony Conigliaro Benefit Committee. We wish you every success in your efforts. Sincerely, Fred F. Fielding Counsel to the President Mr. Donald R. Saccani Mariner Distributing Co. 79 Mitchell Boulevard San Rafael, California 94903 FFF; JGR:aea 11/16/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 Dear Mr. Spiegel: Thank you for your letter of November 4, and the accompany- ing copy of your article in the Baltimore Daily Record. That article proposed enactment of a federal statute per- mitting a retired Supreme Court justice to fill temporarily a vacant seat on the Supreme Court. Current law does make provision for the absence of a quorum of the Supreme Court. Under 28 U.S.C. § 2109, cases brought to the Supreme Court on direct appeal from a district court are remitted to the court of appeals for the circuit in which the district court is located; other cases, if it is determined that they cannot be decided at the next ensuing term, are affirmed by an order that has the same effect as affirmance by an equally divided Court. The former pro- cedure was used in United States V. Alcoa, 322 U.S. 716 (1944); the latter in Prichard V. United States, 339 U.S. 974 (1950) and Sloan V. Nixon, 419 U.S. 958 (1974). Your article, however, raises interesting concerns, and I have taken the liberty of forwarding it to the Department of Justice, Office of Legal Policy and Office of Legal Counsel, for whatever review these offices consider appropriate. As a point of fact, in further response to your letter, I would point out that former Justice Arthur Goldberg, un- like Justice Potter Stewart, resigned from the Court; he did not retire. Thank you again for sharing your interesting article with us. Sincerely, Fred F. Fielding Counsel to the President Mr. Jay L. Spiegel 110 W. 39 Street, #1315 Baltimore, Maryland 21210 FFF: JGR:aea 11/16/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR JONATHAN C. ROSE ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF LEGAL POLICY THEODORE B. OLSON ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Suggestion that Retired Supreme Court Justices be Eligible to Fill Vacant Seats on the Supreme Court (Article From Baltimore's "Daily Record" The attached letter from and article by Jay L. Spiegel, together with a copy of my reply, are submitted for whatever review, if any, you consider appropriate. Attachments FFF:JGR:aea 11/16/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS 828 SUBJECT: Draft Presidential Radio Talk: Department of the Interior Richard Darman has asked that comments on the above- referenced draft remarks be sent directly to Ben Elliott by 4:00 p.m. today. The remarks, drafted by the President, praise what former Secretary Watt did during his tenure at the Department of the Interior. I assume the decision to deliver such remarks was made in response to efforts by some in the Senate to link Mr. Clark's confirmation to consider- ation of a resolution critical of Watt's policies (see attached news accounts). On page 3, lines 7-8, the remarks refer to the sale of a strip of federal land two miles long and two feet wide and state "that must have erased some problems private land- owners had with clouded title to their property." If the Government did own such a strip of land it would not "cloud" the title of others -- their title would not cover it at all. I would simply delete "clouded title to." The last sentence of the second full paragraph on page 3 states: "Not one acre of park or wilderness land was leased for oil drilling or mining, contrary to what you may have read or heard." I was concerned that this was true only because Congress blocked Watt's efforts. According to Hank Habicht of Justice's Lands Division, however, Watt did not propose leasing of any park or wilderness land, as techni- cally defined. He did announce a willingness to process lease applications covering the Bob Marshall wilderness area, which prompted a preemptive legislative veto by Representative Udall's committee, and litigation that was eventually settled. Watt reserved the question of whether he would actually issue leases on wilderness land, however, so the sentence is not only technically correct but also fair in its import. Habicht recommends keeping it in and I concur. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR BEN ELLIOTT DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT DIRECTOR, PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHWRITING OFFICE FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Draft Presidential Radio Talk: Department of the Interior Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft remarks. On page 3, line 8, we recommend deleting "clouded title to." If the Government did own a strip of land two miles long and two feet wide, the strip would doubtless interfere with the property of others but would not technically "cloud" their title -- their title would not cover it at all. In the first line of the second full paragraph on page 4, we assume "studies" was meant to be "strides." FFF: JGR:aea 11/16/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS ask SUBJECT: Proposed DOJ Response to Questions Concerning H.R. 3625, a Bill to Amend the Inspector General Act of 1978 Jim Murr of OMB has asked for comments by close of business today on the attached proposed responses prepared by the Department of Justice to questions submitted by the House Government Operations Committee concerning H.R. 3625. This bill would, among other things, amend the Inspector General Act of 1978 to extend its coverage to include the Department of Justice. The Department has consistently opposed the bill, most recently in testimony delivered by Associate Attorney General Lowell Jensen on October 26, 1983 (copy of testimony and my memorandum concerning it attached). The questions from the Committee ask precisely in what manner extension of the IG Act to Justice would interfere with prosecutorial discretion, and what reservations the Department has concerning the reporting requirements of the Act. The Department's response is a lengthy discussion of the application of prosecutorial discretion throughout the U.S. Attorneys Offices and at the Department, as well as the established procedures for approval of undercover opera- tions. The central point that is made is that an IG at Justice would be in a position to override or at least intrude upon the exercise of this discretion. With respect to the reporting requirements of the Inspector General Act, the Department's response notes that application of this requirement to the Justice Department could compromise sensitive ongoing investigations, confidential sources, classified information, and litigation material. I have reviewed the Department's proposed responses to the questions submitted by the Committee, and have no objection to them. They are consistent with prior Department of Justice testimony on the Inspector General Act and H.R. 3625. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES C. MURR CHIEF, ECONOMICS-SCIENCE-GENERAL GOVERNMENT BRANCH, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Proposed DOJ Response to Questions Concerning H.R. 3625, a Bill to Amend the Inspector General Act of 1978 Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced proposed responses, and finds no objection to them from a legal perspective. FFF:JGR:aea 11/16/83 cc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS QZR SUBJECT: Statement of John C. Keeney Re: Computer Crime -- H.R. 1092 on November 18, 1983 We have been provided with a copy of the above-referenced testimony, which Deputy Assistant Attorney General Keeney proposes to deliver before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights on November 18. The testimony notes that the Department is still reviewing the question of computer fraud, and that it hopes to submit proposals in the near future. Accordingly, Keeney takes no position on proposals currently pending before the Subcommittee. He does note that computer fraud fits uncomfortably into existing criminal provisions, with gaps caused by requirements such as the need for transmissions to cross state lines to be covered by federal law or the need to consider theft of information the theft of a tangible asset with fixed value. Keeney defers to Commerce on a proposal to fund a grant program to develop new methods of protecting computers, and to Treasury on a proposal to give tax credits to those who purchase computers. He does object to a plan to create an interagency advisory committee on the subject as an overly formal and cumbersome approach. I have no objections. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR GREGORY JONES LEGISLATIVE ATTORNEY OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Statement of John C. Keeney Re: Computer Crime -- H.R. 1092 on November 18, 1983 Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced testimony, and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. FFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS 826 SUBJECT: Draft Proclamation/National Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992) Dodie Livingston has asked for comments on the above- referenced draft proclamation by close of business Friday, November 18. This proclamation does not satisfy our usual criteria, since it neither has been requested by joint resolution nor is it customary. The United Nations, however, has designated 1983-1992 as the U.N. Decade of Disabled Persons, and Congress has passed a concurrent resolution asking the President to implement the U.N. resolution. In August, Livingston raised the question of issuing a proclamation on this subject with the Senior Staff, and obtained approval to proceed. The proclamation, drafted by HHS and approved by OMB, notes the progress made during the 1981 International Year and 1982 National Year of Disabled Persons, and urges continuation of this progress during the designated Decade of Disabled Persons. The emphasis is on opportunities for independent living by the disabled. I have no legal objections. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR DODIE LIVINGSTON SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT DIRECTOR, SPECIAL PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Draft Proclamation/National Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992) Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft proclamation, and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective. In paragraph four, line two, "which" should be "that" or, better still, "which are" may be deleted altogether. FFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chror THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: D.C. Chadha Correspondence David Clarke, Chairman of the D.C. Council, and Wilhelmina Rolark, Chairperson of the Council's Committee on the Judiciary, have written you in response to the draft letter from Robert McConnell on H.R. 3932, the D.C. Chadha bill. As you know, OMB provided the Council with a copy of the draft for comment. The letter itself was sent out early this morning, with the changes we discussed yesterday. The letter contends that our position entails "disastrous consequences" for Home Rule, and would impede the ability of the Council to enact appropriate criminal laws to protect the citizens of the District. The letter reviews actions of the Council with respect to criminal law, in an effort to mount an argument that our fears of laxness are unjustified. The letter also notes that Congress, unlike the Council, is likely to ignore local District criminal law problems. Briefly, the answers: Our proposal does not have "disastrous consequences" for Home Rule. This bill is not, in the first place, a Home Rule bill at all but a bill to correct constitutional problems pointed out by Chadha. We support giving the Council plenary authority in every area except criminal law. Such an approach continues a distinction in current law permitting easier Congressional review of Council actions in the criminal law area. As to what the Council has done in the criminal area, there is some good and some bad. Our U.S. Attorneys Office, however, which deals with these issues on a day-to-day basis, advised us that zany ideas have been blocked only because of the threat of Congressional veto. The U.S. Attorneys Office was horrified at the prospect of the Council legislating in this area without the check of effective Congressional control. Finally, the Council can still act in this area. The fear that Congress will have to become intimately involved in the minutiae of local law is unfounded. All that the Council need do is obtain approval of its actions, which should be forthcoming for reasonable proposals. I do not think you should send a substantive reply to Clark and Rolark. The letter they're concerned about was from McConnell; their reply should be directed to him. This approach will help keep the dispute between the District and Justice, rather than the District and the White House, to the extent that is possible in light of OMB's "leaks" to District officials. A brief reply noting you have referred the letter to Justice for consideration and response is attached. I have copied Horowitz to let him know we think the matter should be kept over at Justice. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT A. MCCONNELL ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: D.C. Chadha Correspondence The attached letter from the D.C. Council Chairman and the Chairperson of the Council Judiciary Committee, together with a copy of my reply, is referred to you for your consideration and direct reply. I think it best to keep the debate on this matter, to the extent possible, between District officials and the Justice Department rather than District officials and the White House. CC: Michael Horowitz Counsel to the Director Office of Management and Budget FFF: :JGR:aea 11/16/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 16, 1983 Dear Mr. Clarke and Ms. Rolark: Thank you for your letter of November 15, concerning a draft of a letter to Senator William V. Roth, Jr. from Assistant Attorney General Robert A. McConnell. That draft letter discussed H.R. 3932, a bill to amend the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act to correct certain constitutional infirmities in the wake of the Supreme Court's recent decision in Immigration and Naturalization Service V. Chadha, 103 S.Ct. 2764 (1983). A letter from Assistant Attorney General McConnell concerning H.R. 3932 has now been sent, although with several changes from the draft you reviewed. I have referred your letter to Assistant Attorney General McConnell for his consideration and direct reply. The Department of Justice is most directly involved in these issues and accordingly is in the best position to respond to your expressed concerns. Thank you for sharing those concerns with us. Sincerely, Fred F. Fielding Counsel to the President Mr. David A. Clarke Ms. Wilhelmina J. Rolark Council of the District of Columbia Washington, D.C. 20004 FFF: JGR:aea 11/16/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS are SUBJECT: Mayor's Response to the Administration Position on H.R. 3932 Mayor Barry has written the President to object to the McConnell letter on H.R. 3932, the D.C. Chadha bill. The mayor attempts to refute the contention that criminal law is accorded special treatment under existing law through highly selective quotation from the legislative history of the Home Rule Act. At no point does he address the basic fact that under existing law Council acts in the criminal area are subject to a one-house veto while all other acts are subject to a two-house veto, the clearest evidence of the "special treatment" referred to in the McConnell letter. The mayor's letter also maintains that the McConnell letter "relied heavily" on a court decision, Palmore V. United States, 411 U.S. 389 (1973), and criticizes that supposed reliance. In fact, the decision was cited once, in passing, in the course of establishing that the District court system is a federal court system with judges appointed by the President. The mayor's letter does not otherwise respond to the substance of the McConnell letter, although it concludes by criticizing the Administration's delay in presenting its position and maintaining that members of the Administration "misled" Mayor Barry and his staff. As I mentioned this morning, I think it best to redirect the District's objections to the Justice Department, not only to minimize the fallout but also because Justice (through the U.S. Attorneys Office) originated the position and stands to lose the most if it does not prevail. A referral memorandum and acknowledgment letter is attached. If you agree, I will let OMB know that this is how we are handling the mayor's letter. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT A. MCCONNELL ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS FROM: FRED F. FIELDING COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Mayor's Response to the Administration Position on H.R. 3932 The attached letter from the Mayor, together with a copy of my reply, is referred to you for your consideration and direct reply. As I noted with respect to the similar letter from the D.C. Council, I think it best to keep this matter at the Justice Department to the extent possible. Attachment FFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83 CC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 Dear Mayor Barry: Thank you for your letter of November 15 to the President, concerning the Administration's position on H.R. 3932. That position was announced in a letter from Assistant Attorney General Robert A. McConnell. I have referred your letter to Assistant Attorney General McConnell for consideraton and direct reply. The Department of Justice is most directly involved in these issues and accordingly is in the best position to respond to your expressed concerns. Thank you for sharing these concerns with us. Sincerely, Fred F. Fielding Counsel to the President The Honorable Marion Barry Mayor of the District of Columbia Washington, D.C. 20004 FFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING FROM: JOHN G. ROBERTS SUBJECT: A Legislative Proposal "To Provide for Comprehensive Reforms in Compensation of Attorneys, Pursuant to Federal Statute in Civil and Criminal Proceedings Against U.S. and Against State and Local Governments" Assistant Attorney General McConnell has sent you a copy of a package he sent to OMB Director Stockman for clearance. The package contains Justice's proposed "Legal Fees Reform Act," a section-by-section analysis, and a draft letter to the Speaker. Our office has reviewed the substance of this proposal before and noted no legal objection to it (copies of pertinent memoranda attached). The bill would: limit award of attorneys fees against the United States or state and local governments to truly "prevailing" parties, and then only for time devoted to issues on which the party prevailed set a ceiling on such attorneys fees of $75 per hour permit courts to reduce or deny attorneys fees for a variety of reasons (unreasonable prolonging of litigation, fees unreasonably exceed monetary recovery, fees exceed hourly salary of the attorney, etc.) reduce the amount of attorneys fees by 25% of any monetary award (on the theory that litigation costs should be at least partially paid from damages obtained) double the rate of compensation for attorneys for indigent defendants under the Criminal Justice Act establish uniform procedures for applying for attorneys fees from governments clarify and limit the circumstances under which attorneys fees may be awarded when a case is settled or becomes moot due to a policy change The letter to the Speaker explicitly links support for increased fees for Criminal Justice Act attorneys with the limitations on fee awards against governments in other cases. The letter reviews the abuses that have developed in this area, and justifies the $75 cap as (1) the same rate as set in the Equal Access to Justice Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2412 (d) (1) and (3), and (2) more commensurate with com- pensation paid government attorneys. The latter comparison is considered appropriate since fees are shifted to govern- ments in these cases on the theory that the prevailing plaintiff was acting as a "private attorney general." If this theory is correct, he should be compensated roughly the same as attorneys who work for the real Attorney General, i.e., government lawyers. I have reviewed the proposed bill, section-by-section analysis, and Speaker letter, and have no objection to them. They are not significantly different from those we approved in September. OMB has not yet formally requested our views, but I wanted to alert you to McConnell's transmittal in case you received any inquiries about it. Attachment THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON November 17, 1983 Dear Mr. Marrash: This is in response to your letter of October 22, 1983 to White House Chief of Staff James A. Baker III. In that letter and accompanying materials you requested assistance in obtaining citizenship through naturalization for yourself and various members of your family. Please be advised that the White House does not become involved in the consideration or resolution of such matters. We have, however, referred your correspondence to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for whatever review or action that agency considers appropriate. You should direct any further correspondence to the appropriate INS office. Sincerely, Fred F. Fielding Counsel to the President Mr. William B. Marrash c/o Azzam 15 Lucielle Drive Easton, CT 06612 FFF: JGR:aea 11/17/83 bcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron

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    "ocrText": "Ronald Reagan Presidential Library\nDigital Library Collections\nThis is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.\nCollection: Roberts, John G.: Files\nFolder Title: Chron File (11/07/1983-11/17/1983)\nBox: 62\nTo see more digitized collections visit:\nhttps://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library\nTo see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit:\nhttps://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection\nContact a reference archivist at: [email protected]\nCitation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing\nNational Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/\nMEMORANDUM\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 7, 1983\nFOR:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\napr\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of J. Paul McGrath re: Toxic\nWaste Victim Compensation on November 8, 1983\nOMB has provided us with a copy of testimony Assistant\nAttorney General McGrath proposes to deliver tomorrow before\nthe Investigation and Oversight Subcommittee of the House\nPublic Works Committee, concerning toxic waste victim\ncompensation. The testimony does not announce any Adminis-\ntration positions, but simply reviews the composition and\nprogress of the Toxic Torts Working Group, co-chaired by\nMcGrath and Michael Horowitz. McGrath makes four observa-\ntions:\n-- the problem must be confronted in a comprehensive\nfashion, avoiding ad hoc responses to whatever toxic\ntort is chic at the moment (whether asbestos, agent\norange, uranium poisoning, etc.)\n-- any solution should consider not only those suffer-\ning from diseases for which a cause has been isolated,\nbut also diseases for which a cause may or may not be\ndiscovered in the future;\n-- the broader effect of proposed solutions on the\nlegal system must be assessed;\n-- causation will likely be the critical issue.\nMcGrath also warns that care must be taken to avoid the\nconsequences of the black lung program, which ended up\ncosting billions of dollars and expanded into an income\ndistribution program reaching far beyond the original\nintended beneficiaries.\nI have no objections. The testimony simply points out the\nparameters of debate on this subject without committing to\nany positions.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 7, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR RON PETERSON\nOFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of J. Paul McGrath re: Toxic\nWaste Victim Compensation on November 8, 1983\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced proposed\nstatement, and finds no objection to it from a legal per-\nspective.\nMEMORANDUM\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 7, 1983\nFOR:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nDrR\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Proclamation:\nNational Christmas Seal Month\nDodie Livingston has asked for comments by 3:00 p.m. today\non the above-referenced draft proclamation, which proclaims\nthis month as National Christmas Seal Month. The proclama-\ntion, authorized and requested by S.J. Res. 188, has been\napproved by OMB. It reviews the impact of the various lung\ndiseases and the work of the American Lung Association --\nthe Christmas Seal people -- in combatting the diseases. I\nhave no legal objections. The draft is over-long, but Dodie\nLivingston plans to edit it.\nAttachment\nMEMORANDUM\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 7, 1983\nFOR:\nDODIE LIVINGSTON\nSPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT\nDIRECTOR, SPECIAL PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Proclamation:\nNational Christmas Seal Month\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft\nproclamation and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective. We agree that the draft is too lengthy and\nshould be shortened.\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 8, 1983\nFOR:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nEnrolled Res. S.J. 188 - National\nChristmas Seal Month\nRichard Darman has asked for comments by c.o.b. Thursday,\nNovember 10, on the above-referenced enrolled joint resolution,\nwhich designates this month as National Christmas Seal Month. It\nhas been approved by OMB and HHS. I have reviewed the enrolled\nresolution, and the memorandum for the President prepared by OMB\nAssistant Director for Legislative Reference, James M. Frey, and\nhave no objection.\nOur office, incidentally, has already reviewed and approved the\nproclamation called for by this joint resolution.\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 8, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN\nASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND\nDEPUTY TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nEnrolled Resolution S.J. 188 - National\nChristmas Seal Month\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced enrolled\nresolution, and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective.\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 8, 1983\nFOR:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nare\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Memorandum to Selected Departments and\nAgencies re the Interagency Committee on\nWomen's Business Enterprise\nRichard Darman has asked for comments by c.o.b. November 9\non the above-referenced draft memorandum. The memorandum,\nprepared by Becky Norton Dunlop, asks the appropriate\ndepartment and agency heads to designate an individual to\nserve on the reactivated Interagency Committee on Women's\nBusiness Enterprise. This Committee, established by\nExecutive Order 12138 (May 18, 1979) (copy attached), had\nbecome inactive, but the President announced his intention\nto reactivate it last May, originally naming Bay Buchanan as\nthe new chairperson. The purpose of the Committee is to\nensure and monitor implementation of the Executive Order,\nwhich mandates \"affirmative action\" to promote women's\nbusiness enterprise.\nYou will recall that when we were consulted on this question\n(one-half hour before the announcement), we expressed\nreservations in light of the affirmative action language in\nthe Carter executive order, including language supporting\nthe acceptability of numerical set-asides. We did not block\nthe announcement on this ground, however, because the\naffirmative action language was vague enought to fit (albeit\nuncomfortably) within this Administration's definiton of\naffirmative action, and because the Executive Order directed\nall departments and agencies to consult with the Department\nof Justice concerning what sorts of actions would be\nappropriate. We raised the question with the Justice\nDepartment (Civil Rights Division), and they had no\nobjection to reactivating the Committee.\nBuchanan's tenure as chairperson was short-lived, because of\nthe requirement that those serving on the Committee be\ngovernment employees. Dunlop was named to succeed Buchanan,\nand Nancy Risque and Ann Wrobleski have been named as\nrepresentatives of the Executive Office of the President.\nThe proposed memorandum asks agency heads to designate their\nrepresentatives and to cooperate with the Committee. It\n-2-\nalso states \"I expect the heads of all departments and\nagencies to support this goal through federal programming\nwhich provides equitable opportunities for women business\nowners.\" This could be taken by some to justify quotas, but\nsince it is phrased in terms of \"opportunities,\" I have no\nobjection.\nA draft is attached for your signature, noting that we have\nno legal objection to the proposed memorandum.\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 8, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN\nASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND\nDEPUTY TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Memorandum to Selected Departments and\nAgencies re the Interagency Committee on\nWomen's Business Enterprise\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft\nmemorandum, and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective. In the last sentences of the fifth and sixth\nparagraphs, however, \"which\" should be \"that.\"\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 9, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of John Keeney Regarding\nCredit Card and Computer Fraud H.R. 3570\nand H.R. 3181 on November 10, 1983\nDeputy Assistant Attorney General John Keeney proposes to\ndeliver the attached testimony before the House Judiciary\nSubcommittee on Crime on November 10. Keeney's testimony\ndiscusses two bills, H.R. 3570 and H.R. 3181, which provide\npenalties for credit and debit card counterfeiting and other\nrelated fraud. H.R. 3570 also provides penalties for anyone\nwho \"uses a computer with intent to execute a scheme to\ndefraud.\"\nThe testimony expresses strong support for the portions of\nboth bills dealing with crimes involving credit and debit\ncards. Like other testimony delivered on behalf of the\nAdministration on this subject, this statement suggests\nvarious amendments to the bill to correct problems caused by\njudicial decisions, such as the fact that illegal use of a\ncredit card number, as opposed to the card itself, is not\ncovered. The testimony also suggests that the provisions\ndealing with computer fraud be severed from the legislation,\nso that Justice and other agencies have more time to study\npossible solutions to the problem. I have reviewed the\ntestimony, and find no objections to it.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 9, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR GREGORY JONES\nLEGISLATIVE ATTORNEY\nOFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of John Keeney Regarding\nCredit Card and Computer Fraud H.R. 3570\nand H.R. 3181 on November 10, 1983\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced\ntestimony, and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective.\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/9/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 10, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nAlleged Unconstitutionality of\nProposed Bypass Charges in S. 1660\nand H.R. 4102\nMichael W. Faber of Peabody, Lambert & Meyers has written\nyou on behalf of his partner, Ted Meyers, to contend that\nthe proposed bypass charges in S. 1660 and H.R. 4102 are\nunconstitutional. Those bills, the \"Universal Telephone\nService Preservation Act of 1983,\" would impose a charge on\ntelephone service users bypassing central exchanges. The\namount of the charge would be set by a new regulatory\nagency. A memorandum prepared by Peabody, Lambert & Meyers\ncontends that the charge is properly classified as a tax,\nnot a fee. The legislative history compiled to date on the\nbypass charge question indicates that the purpose of the\ncharge is to create a fund to help maintain universal\ntelephone service -- a purpose evident in the very name of\nthe Act. Charges to promote such general public purposes --\nas opposed to paying for costs associated with a particular\nactivity -- are taxes, not fees. Under established\nprecedents, Congress cannot constitutionally delegate the\ntaxing authority, and the bills are, accordingly,\nunconstitutional.\nThe argument as presented in the Peabody memorandum is\ncompelling, but there is another side to the story.\nAlthough I am not intimately familiar with how these systems\nwork, I am advised that users who bypass exchange services\n-- thereby avoiding certain tolls -- nonetheless enjoy the\nbenefit of having the exchange services available as a\nback-up or alternate. Such intermittent use of exchange\nservices by the large-volume bypassers imposes large and\nunpredictable demands on the exchange services. It is also\ntrue that those who bypass the exchanges nonetheless benefit\ndirectly from the existence of universal service facilitated\nby the exchanges. These arguments suggest that those who\nnormally bypass exchanges nonetheless impose costs on the\nexchanges, and that charges for bypassing can be justified\nas fees if directly related to those costs. The problem is\nthat this justification is not the most prominent in the\nlegislative history developed to date.\nThe Peabody memorandum has been widely circulated and has\ncaused something of a stir. There is, however, no reason\nfor our office to become involved in this dispute at this\npoint. I recommend no response.\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nare\nSUBJECT:\nProposed Justice Statement on S. 1876,\na Bill to Allow Advertising of Any State-\nSponsored Lottery, Gift Enterprise, or\nSimilar Scheme\nOMB has asked for our views by noon today on the attached\ntestimony, which Deputy Assistant Attorney General Keeney\nproposes to deliver before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee\non Criminal Law on November 16. The testimony supports\nS. 1876, a bill that would ease existing restrictions in\n18 U.S.C. §§ 1301, 1302, and 1307 on advertisement of state\nlicensed and regulated lotteries. The existing laws were\nwritten in the nineteenth century, well before the rise of\nstate sanctioned lotteries. S. 1876 would permit\nadvertising in interstate and foreign commerce of any\nlottery scheme authorized, licensed, and regulated by state\nlaw.\nThe Department of Justice previously opposed easing federal\nlottery advertising restrictions, to avoid potential\nconflicts with the laws of those states in which lotteries\nare illegal. It is now Justice's view, however, that\nBigelow V. Virginia, 421 U.S. 809 (1975) renders existing\nbans on out-of-state lottery advertisements constitutionally\nsuspect. That decision held that advertisements for\nabortions to take place in states where abortions are legal\ncould not be banned from appearing in states where abortions\nand the advertisements themselves were illegal.\nI have no objection to the proposed testimony. I do not\nknow if Justice's new position will antagonize religious\nsupporters opposed to gambling on moral grounds. I bet not.\nIf you think that danger does exist, however, I will brief\nMorton Blackwell on the reasons for Justice's position so\nthat he may be prepared for any calls he might receive.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR JAMES C. MURR\nCHIEF, ECONOMICS-SCIENCE-GENEPAL GOVERNMENT\nBRANCH, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nProposed Justice Statement on S. 1876,\na Bill to Allow Advertising of Any State-\nSponsored Lottery, Gift Enterprise, or\nSimilar Scheme\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced\ntestimony, and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective.\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/14/83\nCC: FFFielding\nJGRoberts\nSubj\nChron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS ord\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of Mark Richard: Oversight\nHearings on the Federal Regulation of\nLobbying Act (November 15, 1983)\nDeputy Assistant Attorney General Richard proposes to\ndeliver the attached statement before the Senate Committee\non Government Operations tomorrow. The statement presents\nthe Department's views on inadequacies in the Lobbying Act,\n2 U.S.C. §§ 261-270, which requires registration of lobby-\nists and disclosure of certain information in connection\nwith their activities. The statement contends that the Act\nis ineffective, inadequate, and unenforceable, largely\nbecause of restrictions on the Act imposed by the Supreme\nCourt in United States V. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612 (1954).\nThat decision held that the Act only applied to lobbyists\nwho receive contributions from others, who directly and\npersonally communicate with members of Congress (not staff)\nfor the purpose of influencing legislation, and whose\nactivities in substantial part are directed toward in-\nfluencing legislation.\nThe testimony does not favor proposals to shift adminis-\ntrative responsibilities under the Act from the Clerk of\nthe House and the Secretary of the Senate, and it points out\nthat, largely because of the Harriss decision, the solution\nto any perceived problems in this area does not lie in\nincreased enforcement efforts. On page 5, the sentence\nbeginning on line 8 notes that the Clerk of the House and\nthe Secretary of the Senate are mere repositories of records\nunder the Lobbying Act \"without any affirmative responsi-\nbility to investigate possible violations of the Act or to\nrefer complaints to the Department.\" The tone and context\nin which this sentence appears suggest that the Congres-\nsional officers should have such responsibility. I\nrecommend deleting \"to investigate possible violations of\nthe Act or\", since I do not think we should support giving\nresponsibility to investigate violations of federal law to\nCongressional officers. I have no other objections.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR BRANDEN BLUM\nLEGISLATIVE ANALYST\nOFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of Mark Richard: Oversight\nHearings on the Federal Regulation of\nLobbying Act (November 15, 1983)\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced\ntestimony. We recommend deleting \"to investigate possible\nviolations of the Act or\" on page 5, lines 10-11. As\nwritten, the sentence implies that it would be better if the\nClerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate did have\nan affirmative responsibility_ to investigate violations of\nthe Act. We consider it inappropriate for Congressional\nofficers to be given authority to investigate violations of\nfederal law. That is the responsibility of the Federal\nBureau of Investigation and other entities in the Department\nof Justice and Executive branch. We have no objection to\nthe Clerk of the House and Secretary of the Senate being\ndirected to refer complaints or questions to the Depart-\nment, but investigation goes too far.\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/14/83\nCC: FFFielding\nJGRoberts\nSubj\nChron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nLetter to Mr. Baker Requesting the\nPresident's Sponsorship of the\nNaturalization of His Family as U.S.\nCitizens\nWilliam B. Marrash, an emigre from Lebanon, has written Mr.\nBaker to seek the President's help in obtaining natural-\nization for himself and members of his family. Mr. Marrash\nand his family were admitted to the United States in 1976,\nbut they have not been able to accumulate the requisite\nperiod of residence for naturalization because Mr. Marrash\nhas been working in London for G.D. Searle & Co. Indeed,\nMr. Marrash prefaces his letter to Baker by noting that he\nworks for the company run by one of Baker's predecessors,\nDonald Rumsfeld. Attached to the letter to Baker were\ncopies of letters to various Congressmen, the President, and\nthe Vice President, as well as various biographical\nmaterials concerning Marrash and his family.\nMarrash's letter appears well-intentioned and sincere, but\nthe White House should not become involved in any way in the\nprocessing of naturalization requests. I have prepared a\nmemorandum referring the entire package to the INS General\nCounsel for whatever action and direct response may be\nappropriate. I assume that response will, among other\nthings, advise Marrash that the President cannot grant\ncitizenship by decree.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR MAURICE C. INMAN, JR.\nGENERAL COUNSEL\nIMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nLetter to Mr. Baker Requesting the\nPresident's Sponsorship of the\nNaturalization of His Family as U.S.\nCitizens\nThe attached materials are referred to you for direct reply\nand whatever action may be appropriate. We seek no\nfavorable treatment for Mr. Marrash and ask only that his\nrequest be processed or handled in the same manner as other\nsimilar requests.\nMany thanks.\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/14/83\nCC: FFFielding\nJGRoberts\nSubj\nChron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 14, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nDDB\nSUBJECT:\nAnonymous Allegations Regarding\nICC and FHA Administration Employee's\nUse of Government Cars for Personal\nBusiness\nYou will recall that Mr. Baker received an anonymous letter\nalleging misuse of government vehicles by FHA and ICC\nofficials in New England. On October 25 I prepared two\nseparate memoranda referring the allegations to James H.\nBurnley IV, General Counsel at Transportation, and John H.\nBroadley, General Counsel at the ICC, both of which you\nsigned on the same day. On October 27 we received a reply\nfrom Broadley noting he had referred the matter to the\nappropriate ICC office; Burnley has now replied that he\nreferred the matter to the Transportation IG. On the\ntracking sheet for the Burnley reply you asked: \"Why didn't\nwe send to ICC?\" Answer: we did. Copies of the ICC\ncorrespondence are attached.\nAs with the Broadley reply, I do not think a response is\nnecessary or appropriate to the reply from Burnley. Both\nreplies simply advise us of the action taken and do not call\nfor any sort of response.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 15, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nSuggestion that Retired Supreme Court\nJustices be Eligible to Fill Vacant\nSeats on the Supreme Court (Article\nFrom Baltimore's \"Daily Record\")\nJay L. Spiegel has written, enclosing a copy of an article\nhe wrote for Baltimore's Daily Record. The article points\nout the danger that the Supreme Court, with several aging\nmembers, may find itself short-handed for an extended period\nof time in the near future. With recusals, this could\nresult in the absence of a quorum of six Justices (see\n28 U.S.C. § 1) for numerous cases. Spiegel proposes a\nstatute be enacted authorizing retired Justices to \"fill in\"\nuntil an ailing member of the Supreme Court is well or a\nvacancy filled.\nThere is already a fascinating but little-known statutory\nprocedure for dealing with the problem of the absence of a\nquorum of the Supreme Court. Under 28 U.S.C. § 2109, cases\nbrought to the Supreme Court by direct appeal from a\ndistrict court that cannot be heard due to the absence of a\nquorum are to be remitted, by order of the Chief Justice, to\nthe court of appeals for the circuit containing the district\ncourt. That court shall hear and finally decide the case\neither en banc or by a panel consisting of the three most\nsenior circuit judges, as the order directs. In all other\ncases brought before the Supreme Court that cannot be heard\ndue to the absence of a quorum, if a majority of the\nJustices qualified to sit determine that the case cannot be\nheard in the next ensuing term, the case shall be affirmed\nby order of the Supreme Court, and the affirmance shall have\nthe same effect as affirmance by an equally divided court.\nThis latter procedure is the answer to the riddle of how a\ncase can be affirmed by the Supreme Court when five quali-\nfied Justices believe it should be reversed: if the five\nwanting to reverse the case are the only ones qualified to\nsit, and they determine a quorum will not be available in\nthe next term, then the case will be affirmed by order of\nthe Supreme Court (albeit without precedential value).\nThe remittal procedure of 28 U.S.C. § 2109 has been used\nonly once in the history of the Supreme Court, in the\nlandmark antitrust case United States V. Alcoa, 322 U.S.\n716 (1944), finally decided by the three most senior Second\nCircuit judges, Learned Hand, Augustus Hand, and Thomas\nSwan, see 148 F. 2d 416 (2 Cir. 1945). The affirmance\nprocedure has been used twice, see Prichard V. United\nStates, 339 U.S. 974 (1950); Sloan V. Nixon, 419 U.S. 958\n(1974).\nI have drafted a reply to Spiegel, noting that we have\nreferred his suggestion to Justice's OLP (for want of any\nother idea) and also calling 28 U.S.C. § 2109 to his\nattention. The reply also notes Spiegel's error in\nconsidering Arthur Goldberg a retired Justice. Goldberg\nresigned; he did not retire.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 15, 1983\nDear Mr. Spiegel:\nThank you for your letter of November 4, and the accompany-\ning copy of your article in the Baltimore Daily Record.\nThat article proposed enactment of a federal statute per-\nmitting a retired Supreme Court justice to fill temporarily\na vacant seat on the Supreme Court.\nCurrent law does make provision for the absence of a quorum\nof the Supreme Court. Under 28 U.S.C. § 2109, cases brought\nto the Supreme Court on direct appeal from a district court\nare remitted to the court of appeals for the circuit in\nwhich the district court is located; other cases, if it is\ndetermined that they cannot be decided at the next ensuing\nterm, are affirmed by an order that has the same effect as\naffirmance by an equally divided Court. The former pro-\ncedure was used in United States V. Alcoa, 322 U.S. 716\n(1944); the latter in Prichard V. United States, 339 U.S.\n974 (1950) and Sloan V. Nixon, 419 U.S. 958 (1974). Your\narticle, however, raises interesting concerns, and I have\ntaken the liberty of forwarding it to the Department of\nJustice, Office of Legal Policy, for whatever review that\noffice considers appropriate.\nI would point out that former Justice Arthur Goldberg, un-\nlike Justice Potter Stewart, resigned from the Court; he did\nnot retire. Thank you again for sharing your interesting\narticle with us.\nSincerely,\nFred F. Fielding\nCounsel to the President\nMr. Jay L. Spiegel\n110 W. 39 Street, #1315\nBaltimore, Maryland 21210\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/15/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 15, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR JONATHAN C. ROSE\nASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL\nOFFICE OF LEGAL POLICY\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nSuggestion that Retired Supreme Court\nJustices be Eligible to Fill Vacant\nSeats on the Supreme Court (Article\nFrom Baltimore's \"Daily Record\")\nThe attached letter from and article by Jay L. Spiegel,\ntogether with a copy of my reply, are submitted for whatever\nreview, if any, you consider appropriate.\nAttachment\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/15/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 15, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nDJR\nSUBJECT:\nH.J. Res. 1 -- Equal Rights Amendment\nRichard Darman asked for immediate comments on the attached\nproposed Administration policy statement. As you know, the\nEqual Rights Amendment is being considered in the House\ntoday on the suspension calendar -- only forty minutes of\ndebate, with no consideration of amendments. The proposed\npolicy statement objects to this procedure for a Constitu-\ntional amendment, without comment on the merits beyond\nreaffirming that the Administration supports equality of\nrights for all citizens.\nAfter conferring with Mr. Hauser, I advised Darman's office\nthat we had no legal objection to the proposed statement. I\nalso advised that we would not object should policy offices\nin the White House desire to include a statement of our\ncontinuing opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment on the\nmerits.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nMAEFINGTON\nNovember 1€, 1983\nDear Mr. Saccani:\nThank you for your letter to the President, requesting that\nhe serve as Honorary Chairman of the 1984 Tony Conicliaro\nSports Benefit. WE appreciate the kind thoughts contained\nin your letter.\nI am sorry to have to inform you, however, that the\nPresident cannot accept your gracious invitation to serve as\nHonorary Chairman. I am certain you will appreciate that\nthe President receives countless such invitations from\ncharitable croups. Except for activities with which\nPresidents have traditionally been associated, such as the\nRed Cross, or activities in which the President has been\npersonally involved in the past, the President has been\ncompelled to adopt a policy of uniformly declining these\nrequests, no matter how laudable the objectives of the\ncharitable organization.\nAdherence to this policy is necessary primarily out of\nconsiderations of fairness. The President cannot possibly\naccept all the invitations to serve as an honorary chairman\nhe receives, and arbitrarily choosing some would be unfair\nto those not chosen. The White House also cannot permit the\nPresident's name to be used in connection with activities\nbeyond our control or supervision, which would necessarily\noccur were the President to accept such invitations.\nPlease be assured that our need to adhere to this policy in\nthis instance is in no sense an adverse reflection on you or\nthe work of the Tony Conigliaro Benefit Committee. We wish\nyou every success in your efforts.\nSincerely,\nFred F. Fielding\nCounsel to the President\nMr. Donald R. Saccani\nMariner Distributing Co.\n79 Mitchell Boulevard\nSan Rafael, California 94903\nFFF; JGR:aea 11/16/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nDear Mr. Spiegel:\nThank you for your letter of November 4, and the accompany-\ning copy of your article in the Baltimore Daily Record.\nThat article proposed enactment of a federal statute per-\nmitting a retired Supreme Court justice to fill temporarily\na vacant seat on the Supreme Court.\nCurrent law does make provision for the absence of a quorum\nof the Supreme Court. Under 28 U.S.C. § 2109, cases brought\nto the Supreme Court on direct appeal from a district court\nare remitted to the court of appeals for the circuit in\nwhich the district court is located; other cases, if it is\ndetermined that they cannot be decided at the next ensuing\nterm, are affirmed by an order that has the same effect as\naffirmance by an equally divided Court. The former pro-\ncedure was used in United States V. Alcoa, 322 U.S. 716\n(1944); the latter in Prichard V. United States, 339 U.S.\n974 (1950) and Sloan V. Nixon, 419 U.S. 958 (1974). Your\narticle, however, raises interesting concerns, and I have\ntaken the liberty of forwarding it to the Department of\nJustice, Office of Legal Policy and Office of Legal Counsel,\nfor whatever review these offices consider appropriate.\nAs a point of fact, in further response to your letter, I\nwould point out that former Justice Arthur Goldberg, un-\nlike Justice Potter Stewart, resigned from the Court; he did\nnot retire.\nThank you again for sharing your interesting article with\nus.\nSincerely,\nFred F. Fielding\nCounsel to the President\nMr. Jay L. Spiegel\n110 W. 39 Street, #1315\nBaltimore, Maryland 21210\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/16/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR JONATHAN C. ROSE\nASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL\nOFFICE OF LEGAL POLICY\nTHEODORE B. OLSON\nASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL\nOFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nSuggestion that Retired Supreme Court\nJustices be Eligible to Fill Vacant\nSeats on the Supreme Court (Article\nFrom Baltimore's \"Daily Record\"\nThe attached letter from and article by Jay L. Spiegel,\ntogether with a copy of my reply, are submitted for whatever\nreview, if any, you consider appropriate.\nAttachments\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/16/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\n828\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Presidential Radio Talk:\nDepartment of the Interior\nRichard Darman has asked that comments on the above-\nreferenced draft remarks be sent directly to Ben Elliott by\n4:00 p.m. today. The remarks, drafted by the President,\npraise what former Secretary Watt did during his tenure at\nthe Department of the Interior. I assume the decision to\ndeliver such remarks was made in response to efforts by some\nin the Senate to link Mr. Clark's confirmation to consider-\nation of a resolution critical of Watt's policies (see\nattached news accounts).\nOn page 3, lines 7-8, the remarks refer to the sale of a\nstrip of federal land two miles long and two feet wide and\nstate \"that must have erased some problems private land-\nowners had with clouded title to their property.\" If the\nGovernment did own such a strip of land it would not \"cloud\"\nthe title of others -- their title would not cover it at\nall. I would simply delete \"clouded title to.\"\nThe last sentence of the second full paragraph on page 3\nstates: \"Not one acre of park or wilderness land was leased\nfor oil drilling or mining, contrary to what you may have\nread or heard.\" I was concerned that this was true only\nbecause Congress blocked Watt's efforts. According to Hank\nHabicht of Justice's Lands Division, however, Watt did not\npropose leasing of any park or wilderness land, as techni-\ncally defined. He did announce a willingness to process\nlease applications covering the Bob Marshall wilderness\narea, which prompted a preemptive legislative veto by\nRepresentative Udall's committee, and litigation that was\neventually settled. Watt reserved the question of whether\nhe would actually issue leases on wilderness land, however,\nso the sentence is not only technically correct but also\nfair in its import. Habicht recommends keeping it in and I\nconcur.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR BEN ELLIOTT\nDEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT\nDIRECTOR, PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHWRITING OFFICE\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Presidential Radio Talk:\nDepartment of the Interior\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft\nremarks. On page 3, line 8, we recommend deleting \"clouded\ntitle to.\" If the Government did own a strip of land two\nmiles long and two feet wide, the strip would doubtless\ninterfere with the property of others but would not\ntechnically \"cloud\" their title -- their title would not\ncover it at all.\nIn the first line of the second full paragraph on page 4, we\nassume \"studies\" was meant to be \"strides.\"\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/16/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS ask\nSUBJECT:\nProposed DOJ Response to Questions\nConcerning H.R. 3625, a Bill to\nAmend the Inspector General Act\nof 1978\nJim Murr of OMB has asked for comments by close of business\ntoday on the attached proposed responses prepared by the\nDepartment of Justice to questions submitted by the House\nGovernment Operations Committee concerning H.R. 3625. This\nbill would, among other things, amend the Inspector General\nAct of 1978 to extend its coverage to include the Department\nof Justice. The Department has consistently opposed the\nbill, most recently in testimony delivered by Associate\nAttorney General Lowell Jensen on October 26, 1983 (copy of\ntestimony and my memorandum concerning it attached).\nThe questions from the Committee ask precisely in what\nmanner extension of the IG Act to Justice would interfere\nwith prosecutorial discretion, and what reservations the\nDepartment has concerning the reporting requirements of the\nAct. The Department's response is a lengthy discussion of\nthe application of prosecutorial discretion throughout the\nU.S. Attorneys Offices and at the Department, as well as the\nestablished procedures for approval of undercover opera-\ntions. The central point that is made is that an IG at\nJustice would be in a position to override or at least\nintrude upon the exercise of this discretion. With respect\nto the reporting requirements of the Inspector General Act,\nthe Department's response notes that application of this\nrequirement to the Justice Department could compromise\nsensitive ongoing investigations, confidential sources,\nclassified information, and litigation material.\nI have reviewed the Department's proposed responses to the\nquestions submitted by the Committee, and have no objection\nto them. They are consistent with prior Department of\nJustice testimony on the Inspector General Act and H.R.\n3625.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR JAMES C. MURR\nCHIEF, ECONOMICS-SCIENCE-GENERAL GOVERNMENT\nBRANCH, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nProposed DOJ Response to Questions\nConcerning H.R. 3625, a Bill to\nAmend the Inspector General Act\nof 1978\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced proposed\nresponses, and finds no objection to them from a legal\nperspective.\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/16/83\ncc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nQZR\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of John C. Keeney\nRe: Computer Crime -- H.R. 1092\non November 18, 1983\nWe have been provided with a copy of the above-referenced\ntestimony, which Deputy Assistant Attorney General Keeney\nproposes to deliver before the House Judiciary Subcommittee\non Civil and Constitutional Rights on November 18. The\ntestimony notes that the Department is still reviewing the\nquestion of computer fraud, and that it hopes to submit\nproposals in the near future. Accordingly, Keeney takes no\nposition on proposals currently pending before the\nSubcommittee. He does note that computer fraud fits\nuncomfortably into existing criminal provisions, with gaps\ncaused by requirements such as the need for transmissions to\ncross state lines to be covered by federal law or the need\nto consider theft of information the theft of a tangible\nasset with fixed value.\nKeeney defers to Commerce on a proposal to fund a grant\nprogram to develop new methods of protecting computers, and\nto Treasury on a proposal to give tax credits to those who\npurchase computers. He does object to a plan to create an\ninteragency advisory committee on the subject as an overly\nformal and cumbersome approach.\nI have no objections.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR GREGORY JONES\nLEGISLATIVE ATTORNEY\nOFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nStatement of John C. Keeney\nRe: Computer Crime -- H.R. 1092\non November 18, 1983\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced\ntestimony, and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective.\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS 826\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Proclamation/National Decade\nof Disabled Persons (1983-1992)\nDodie Livingston has asked for comments on the above-\nreferenced draft proclamation by close of business Friday,\nNovember 18. This proclamation does not satisfy our usual\ncriteria, since it neither has been requested by joint\nresolution nor is it customary. The United Nations,\nhowever, has designated 1983-1992 as the U.N. Decade of\nDisabled Persons, and Congress has passed a concurrent\nresolution asking the President to implement the U.N.\nresolution. In August, Livingston raised the question of\nissuing a proclamation on this subject with the Senior\nStaff, and obtained approval to proceed.\nThe proclamation, drafted by HHS and approved by OMB, notes\nthe progress made during the 1981 International Year and\n1982 National Year of Disabled Persons, and urges\ncontinuation of this progress during the designated Decade\nof Disabled Persons. The emphasis is on opportunities for\nindependent living by the disabled.\nI have no legal objections.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR DODIE LIVINGSTON\nSPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT\nDIRECTOR, SPECIAL PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nDraft Proclamation/National Decade\nof Disabled Persons (1983-1992)\nCounsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced draft\nproclamation, and finds no objection to it from a legal\nperspective. In paragraph four, line two, \"which\" should\nbe \"that\" or, better still, \"which are\" may be deleted\naltogether.\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chror\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nD.C. Chadha Correspondence\nDavid Clarke, Chairman of the D.C. Council, and Wilhelmina\nRolark, Chairperson of the Council's Committee on the\nJudiciary, have written you in response to the draft letter\nfrom Robert McConnell on H.R. 3932, the D.C. Chadha bill.\nAs you know, OMB provided the Council with a copy of the\ndraft for comment. The letter itself was sent out early\nthis morning, with the changes we discussed yesterday.\nThe letter contends that our position entails \"disastrous\nconsequences\" for Home Rule, and would impede the ability\nof the Council to enact appropriate criminal laws to protect\nthe citizens of the District. The letter reviews actions of\nthe Council with respect to criminal law, in an effort to\nmount an argument that our fears of laxness are unjustified.\nThe letter also notes that Congress, unlike the Council, is\nlikely to ignore local District criminal law problems.\nBriefly, the answers: Our proposal does not have\n\"disastrous consequences\" for Home Rule. This bill is not,\nin the first place, a Home Rule bill at all but a bill to\ncorrect constitutional problems pointed out by Chadha. We\nsupport giving the Council plenary authority in every area\nexcept criminal law. Such an approach continues a\ndistinction in current law permitting easier Congressional\nreview of Council actions in the criminal law area.\nAs to what the Council has done in the criminal area, there\nis some good and some bad. Our U.S. Attorneys Office,\nhowever, which deals with these issues on a day-to-day\nbasis, advised us that zany ideas have been blocked only\nbecause of the threat of Congressional veto. The U.S.\nAttorneys Office was horrified at the prospect of the\nCouncil legislating in this area without the check of\neffective Congressional control.\nFinally, the Council can still act in this area. The fear\nthat Congress will have to become intimately involved in the\nminutiae of local law is unfounded. All that the Council\nneed do is obtain approval of its actions, which should be\nforthcoming for reasonable proposals.\nI do not think you should send a substantive reply to Clark\nand Rolark. The letter they're concerned about was from\nMcConnell; their reply should be directed to him. This\napproach will help keep the dispute between the District and\nJustice, rather than the District and the White House, to\nthe extent that is possible in light of OMB's \"leaks\" to\nDistrict officials. A brief reply noting you have referred\nthe letter to Justice for consideration and response is\nattached. I have copied Horowitz to let him know we think\nthe matter should be kept over at Justice.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT A. MCCONNELL\nASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL\nOFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nD.C. Chadha Correspondence\nThe attached letter from the D.C. Council Chairman and the\nChairperson of the Council Judiciary Committee, together\nwith a copy of my reply, is referred to you for your\nconsideration and direct reply. I think it best to keep the\ndebate on this matter, to the extent possible, between\nDistrict officials and the Justice Department rather than\nDistrict officials and the White House.\nCC: Michael Horowitz\nCounsel to the Director\nOffice of Management and Budget\nFFF: :JGR:aea 11/16/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 16, 1983\nDear Mr. Clarke and Ms. Rolark:\nThank you for your letter of November 15, concerning a draft\nof a letter to Senator William V. Roth, Jr. from Assistant\nAttorney General Robert A. McConnell. That draft letter\ndiscussed H.R. 3932, a bill to amend the District of\nColumbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act\nto correct certain constitutional infirmities in the wake of\nthe Supreme Court's recent decision in Immigration and\nNaturalization Service V. Chadha, 103 S.Ct. 2764 (1983). A\nletter from Assistant Attorney General McConnell concerning\nH.R. 3932 has now been sent, although with several changes\nfrom the draft you reviewed.\nI have referred your letter to Assistant Attorney General\nMcConnell for his consideration and direct reply. The\nDepartment of Justice is most directly involved in these\nissues and accordingly is in the best position to respond to\nyour expressed concerns. Thank you for sharing those\nconcerns with us.\nSincerely,\nFred F. Fielding\nCounsel to the President\nMr. David A. Clarke\nMs. Wilhelmina J. Rolark\nCouncil of the District of\nColumbia\nWashington, D.C. 20004\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/16/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nare\nSUBJECT:\nMayor's Response to the Administration\nPosition on H.R. 3932\nMayor Barry has written the President to object to the\nMcConnell letter on H.R. 3932, the D.C. Chadha bill. The\nmayor attempts to refute the contention that criminal law is\naccorded special treatment under existing law through highly\nselective quotation from the legislative history of the Home\nRule Act. At no point does he address the basic fact that\nunder existing law Council acts in the criminal area are\nsubject to a one-house veto while all other acts are subject\nto a two-house veto, the clearest evidence of the \"special\ntreatment\" referred to in the McConnell letter.\nThe mayor's letter also maintains that the McConnell letter\n\"relied heavily\" on a court decision, Palmore V. United\nStates, 411 U.S. 389 (1973), and criticizes that supposed\nreliance. In fact, the decision was cited once, in passing,\nin the course of establishing that the District court system\nis a federal court system with judges appointed by the\nPresident. The mayor's letter does not otherwise respond to\nthe substance of the McConnell letter, although it concludes\nby criticizing the Administration's delay in presenting its\nposition and maintaining that members of the Administration\n\"misled\" Mayor Barry and his staff.\nAs I mentioned this morning, I think it best to redirect the\nDistrict's objections to the Justice Department, not only to\nminimize the fallout but also because Justice (through the\nU.S. Attorneys Office) originated the position and stands to\nlose the most if it does not prevail. A referral memorandum\nand acknowledgment letter is attached. If you agree, I will\nlet OMB know that this is how we are handling the mayor's\nletter.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT A. MCCONNELL\nASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL\nOFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS\nFROM:\nFRED F. FIELDING\nCOUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT\nSUBJECT:\nMayor's Response to the Administration\nPosition on H.R. 3932\nThe attached letter from the Mayor, together with a copy of\nmy reply, is referred to you for your consideration and\ndirect reply. As I noted with respect to the similar letter\nfrom the D.C. Council, I think it best to keep this matter\nat the Justice Department to the extent possible.\nAttachment\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83\nCC: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nDear Mayor Barry:\nThank you for your letter of November 15 to the President,\nconcerning the Administration's position on H.R. 3932. That\nposition was announced in a letter from Assistant Attorney\nGeneral Robert A. McConnell.\nI have referred your letter to Assistant Attorney General\nMcConnell for consideraton and direct reply. The Department\nof Justice is most directly involved in these issues and\naccordingly is in the best position to respond to your\nexpressed concerns.\nThank you for sharing these concerns with us.\nSincerely,\nFred F. Fielding\nCounsel to the President\nThe Honorable Marion Barry\nMayor of the\nDistrict of Columbia\nWashington, D.C. 20004\nFFF:JGR:aea 11/17/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nMEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING\nFROM:\nJOHN G. ROBERTS\nSUBJECT:\nA Legislative Proposal \"To Provide\nfor Comprehensive Reforms in Compensation\nof Attorneys, Pursuant to Federal Statute\nin Civil and Criminal Proceedings Against\nU.S. and Against State and Local\nGovernments\"\nAssistant Attorney General McConnell has sent you a copy of\na package he sent to OMB Director Stockman for clearance.\nThe package contains Justice's proposed \"Legal Fees Reform\nAct,\" a section-by-section analysis, and a draft letter to\nthe Speaker. Our office has reviewed the substance of this\nproposal before and noted no legal objection to it (copies\nof pertinent memoranda attached). The bill would:\nlimit award of attorneys fees against the\nUnited States or state and local governments to\ntruly \"prevailing\" parties, and then only for time\ndevoted to issues on which the party prevailed\nset a ceiling on such attorneys fees of $75 per hour\npermit courts to reduce or deny attorneys fees for a\nvariety of reasons (unreasonable prolonging of\nlitigation, fees unreasonably exceed monetary\nrecovery, fees exceed hourly salary of the attorney,\netc.)\nreduce the amount of attorneys fees by 25% of any\nmonetary award (on the theory that litigation costs\nshould be at least partially paid from damages\nobtained)\ndouble the rate of compensation for attorneys for\nindigent defendants under the Criminal Justice Act\nestablish uniform procedures for applying for\nattorneys fees from governments\nclarify and limit the circumstances under which\nattorneys fees may be awarded when a case is settled\nor becomes moot due to a policy change\nThe letter to the Speaker explicitly links support for\nincreased fees for Criminal Justice Act attorneys with the\nlimitations on fee awards against governments in other\ncases. The letter reviews the abuses that have developed in\nthis area, and justifies the $75 cap as (1) the same rate as\nset in the Equal Access to Justice Act, 28 U.S.C.\n§ 2412 (d) (1) and (3), and (2) more commensurate with com-\npensation paid government attorneys. The latter comparison\nis considered appropriate since fees are shifted to govern-\nments in these cases on the theory that the prevailing\nplaintiff was acting as a \"private attorney general.\" If\nthis theory is correct, he should be compensated roughly the\nsame as attorneys who work for the real Attorney General,\ni.e., government lawyers.\nI have reviewed the proposed bill, section-by-section\nanalysis, and Speaker letter, and have no objection to them.\nThey are not significantly different from those we approved\nin September. OMB has not yet formally requested our views,\nbut I wanted to alert you to McConnell's transmittal in case\nyou received any inquiries about it.\nAttachment\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 17, 1983\nDear Mr. Marrash:\nThis is in response to your letter of October 22, 1983 to\nWhite House Chief of Staff James A. Baker III. In that\nletter and accompanying materials you requested assistance\nin obtaining citizenship through naturalization for yourself\nand various members of your family.\nPlease be advised that the White House does not become\ninvolved in the consideration or resolution of such matters.\nWe have, however, referred your correspondence to the\nImmigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for whatever\nreview or action that agency considers appropriate. You\nshould direct any further correspondence to the appropriate\nINS office.\nSincerely,\nFred F. Fielding\nCounsel to the President\nMr. William B. Marrash\nc/o Azzam\n15 Lucielle Drive\nEaston, CT 06612\nFFF: JGR:aea 11/17/83\nbcc: FFFielding/JGRoberts/Subj/Chron"
}