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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Blackwell, Morton: Files Folder Title: Nuclear Freeze (6 of 16) Box: 15 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ hor Jomel Newspaper 115. One Ron Borr whelem I Publishing strategy how often to publish kinds ot publication creating a climate for successful marketing Market analysis Q Hicially funded group status Don't start too small 1/2 hr , Bill 1301 Lehnfeld 2 Legal Advice 501 C 3. incorporation libel laws 1 hr Pat or mark Korter 6ar 3 Organizational structure Advisory Brand job description Lines of acthority 1 hr Nat Levensong 4 P. 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NR Spectator Kington list us. plugging in existing, Comples Newspaper ACU ERI World Research Ink Hu man Events Comil for Coodersed Ation Nat. cut. for Public Holicy Research John KWAPISZ 2555 N Prospect Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211 414-332-9868 774-6308 WISCONSIN CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR PEACE WITH FREEDOM STATEMENT OPPOSING THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS FREEZE REFERENDUM ON THE WIS, STATE BALLOT, SEPT. 14 The preservation of peace with freedom and the prevention of nuclear war are important goals which we strongly support. In the context of these goals, we believe that the proposed U.S. - Soviet nuclear weapons freeze would be dangerous to the security and freedom of the United States and to peace in various parts of the world. Such a freeze now would lock the U.S. into its present position of strategic nuclear inferiority in relation to the Soviet Union, and thereby encourage Soviet adventurism, aggression, and nuclear blackmail. Furthermore, this strategic military imbalance (both offensive and defensive) favoring the Soviet Union would eliminate any significant incentive for the Soviets to engage in balanced and fair nuclear arms reduction, with the United States, a goal which we alson strongly support. Therefore, Wisconsin Citizens for Peace with Freedom join with others, such as the National Executive Council of the AFL-CIO, in opposing this nuclear weapons freeze proposal and, in the interests of preserving peace with freedom, we urge all Wisconsin citizens to vote against the Freeze referendum on Sept. 14. WISCONSIN CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR PEACE WITH FREEDOM MEMBERS -- 7/29 AND ENDORSERS GeneralR. A. Matera Rev. Richard Sisson Wis. National Guard Middleton Baptist Church Victor Hinze, Executive Dtr Greggar Smedal, President Wis. Vets of Foreign Wars Reserve Officers Association, Wis. Ft. Atkinson Prof. Gordon Baldwin UW Law School Monsignor Alphonse Popek, pastor Our Lady Queen of Peace parish Prof. John Armstrong Political Science Jack Steinhilber, Atty. UW-Madison Oshkosh Rev. Craig Smith Chris Swain, Chairman Milton, Wi Wis. Federation of College Republicans Harold Fuller Bill Hitzeman, Executive Dtr DePere Wis. Property Owners Association Mt. Horeb John Kwapisz, Atty Milwaukee Doris Moir Madison George Watts George Watts & Sons Theodore Vogel, Vogel & Associates Milwaukee Milwuakee Ron Stevens Robert Zigman Allis Chalmers Milwaukee Milwaukee Thomas Machaj, Chm Richard Boltz Young Americans for Freedom of Wis. UAW Local 95 Madison Whitewater I. Andrew Rader Helen Bie Chm of the Bd, Allen-Bradley Republican National Committeewoman Prof. Jay Sykes Green Bay Dept. of Mass Communication, UWM former Chm, Wis. ACLU Prof. Stanley Payne Chm History Dept. UW-Madison Rev. Keith Bulthuis Christian Reformed Church Madison J. Curtis McKay Kohler General Corp. Sheyboygan Falls WISCONSIN CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR PEACE WITH FREEDOM Box 1677 Milwaukee, WI 53201 CONTACT: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 7/30/82 John Kwapisz Most B. 414-332-9868 774-6308 George Watts 414-276-6352 WIS. PRO-DEFENSE GROUP OPPOSES NUCLEAR FREEZE REFERENDUM, CHIDES DREYFUS The newly formed Wisconsin Citizens' Committee for Peace with Freedom issued a statement Friday opposing the Nuclear Weapons Freeze advisory referendum which is on the Wisconsin ballot this Sept. 14, and saying that the plan "would be dangerous to the security and freedom of the United States and to peace in various parts of the world." It also urged Wisconsin citizens to vote against the freeze referendum. At a news conference Friday the administrative coordinator of the group, Milwaukee attorney John Kwapisz, also expressed concern over Governor Dreyfus' recently announced support for the referendum, commenting that "his statement reveals, at best, confusion over the facts and issues related to the Freeze idea, particularly the fact of the present and growing Soviet military superiority over the United States. For example, the presumptions of a stable balance of power today and of U.S. nuclear overkill have today become little more than myths. The sooner we recognize them as such, the safer we and our country will be. The Governor appears to have been misled on these matters.' "However," Kwapisz added, "we are hopeful that once he has had an opportunity to obtain and review all the facts about this serious issue, the Governor will change his position on the referendum." The Committee statement asserts that such a nuclear freeze now "would lock the U.S. into its present position of strategic nuclear inferiority in relation to the Soviet Union, and/thereby encourage Soviet adventurism, aggression, and nuclear blackmail." Furthermore, it says, "this strategic imbalance (both offensive and defensive) favoring the Soviet Union would eliminate any significant incentive for the Soviets to engage in balanced and fair nuclear arms reduction.with the United States," a goal for which the Committee expresses strong support. President Reagan has made similar comments about a companion freeze proposal now in Congress. -MORE- -2- The Wisconsin referendum calls on the President and Congress to strive to agree with the Soviet Union on a mutual halt to the develop- ment and production of new nuclear weapons and systems. It would, as the pro-freeze literature points out, prohibit U.S. development and deployment of the cruise missile, the B-1 and the Stealth bombers, the M-X missile, and the advanced Trident submarine and nuclear missile, among others. (4/14/82) Spokesman Kwapisz noted that a recent New Republic editorial against the nuclear freeze concluded that, "the freeze, pure and simple, would jeopardize deterrence," by preventing the U.S. from deploying some of the aforementioned systems. He also pointed out that the National Executive Council of the AFL-CIO has recently rejected the freeze idea and instead proposed a modified version of the never ratified SALT II treaty, which would permit America to develop and deploy already planned weapons systems, thereby putting pressure on the Soviets to agree to real and fair arms reductions. Kwapisz also stated that meaningful verification of a freeze on nuclear arms was impossible without on-site inspection, which the Soviets continue to reject. COMMITTEE GOALS The Citizens' Committee for Peace with Freedom was formed to help educate the public about the current need for a strong national defense and foreign policy. It will be locating and obtaining information, films, speakers, etc. for interested groups, schools, and individuals. The Committee will actively oppose the freeze referendum in the state. Current members and signers of the statement include Wisconsin National Guard General R. A. Matera, state leaders of veterans' groups, business leaders and lawyers, professors and college students, homemakers, clergy and local union members. (see attachment for names). DEBATE CHALLENGE ISSUED The group also challenged the Freeze campaign to a series of debates. Committee spokesman John Kwapisz announced that "we challenge the Freeze organizers to debate the facts and issues involved in the freeze proposal all across the state, on radio and TV and in the newspapers, as well as meetings." Persons wishing to become members ($5), or groups seeking information, speakers or films from the Committee should contact P.O.Box 1677, Milwaukee, WI 53201, Phone: John Kwapisz at 414-332-9868 or 774-6308. -MORE- STATEMENT AND NAMES ATTACHED- How Could We Tell Whether the Soviets Were Honoring a Freeze? A total ban like the Freeze is much easier to check and enforce than a partial or limited agreement because the slightest sign of testing or production would be quickly detected and bring worldwide attention and condemna- tion. Inspection and detection equipment already exists, in place and in operation. Nuclear weapons research and production programs in the US and the USSR are impos- sible without massive shipments of material and person- nel. Weapons testing creates enormous shock effects and bursts of radiation. Both countries have satellites sophis- ticated enough to read car license plates on the ground below and earthquake sensors that are able to pick up ordinary construction explosions. Monitoring a Freeze would be no problem. Why Should We Freeze Nuclear Weapons Now? Currently American and Soviet nuclear forces are at approximately equal strength. The further development of nuclear weapons technology will not only add to the total amount of destructive potential, but would also destabilize the current standoff and make verification and detection more difficult. If we neglect this oppor- tunity now we may never get another. We believe that an immediate halt to the production and placement of additional nuclear weapons is a practical and necessary first step to decreasing the possibility of nuclear war. Once both superpowers have stopped pro- ducing nuclear weapons and delivery systems tension would ease and negotiations on nuclear arms reductions would have a real chance of success. ARMS RACE-SEPT 14 FREEZE THE NUCLEAR VOTE YES (608)251-0587 WISCONSIN NUCLEAR WEAPONS FREEZE CAMPAIGN, 520 University Ave. #320, Madison, WI 53703 On September 14, in the State Primary Election, Wisconsin voters will see this on their ballot: "Shall the Secretary of State of Wisconsin inform the President and the Congress of the United States that it is the desire of the people of Wisconsin to have the government of the United States work vigor- ously to negotiate a mutual nuclear weapons moratorium and reduction, with appropriate verification, with the Soviet Union and other nations?" Because llobody Wants A lluciear War WHY A "YES" VOTE IS SO IMPORTANT Both the United States and the Soviet Union possess enough nuclear weaponry to annihilate the other's entire population many times over. The threat of nuclear war, either deliber- ate or accidental, is increasing--and more weaponry will only increase this threat. A nuclear war would inflict death and untold suffering on millions of innocent people. Our air, land, and water would be poisoned with radiation for centuries. This is awful enough to contemplate--but the nuclear arms race also hurts us now. As Dwight Eisenhower said, "This world in arms is not spending money alone--it is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the houses of its children." At a time when millions are out of work, including many here in Wisconsin, the sanity of spending billions of dollars on additional nuclear weaponry at the expense of our domestic economy must be questioned. The Wisconsin nuclear weapons referendum is one way to express a clear opinion on this issue. Wisconsin's referendum will be the first in the United States to be voted on in a statewide election. Over 300 town meetings in New England have already approved similar statements, and at least two other states will have nuclear freeze resolutions on their November election ballots. With so much momentum building behind this effort to halt the nuclear arms race, an election victory in Wisconsin this September is crucial! Your help is needed to assure that Wisconsin voters answer the above referendum with a resounding YES. The Wisconsin Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign is currently dedicating its efforts to passage of the referendum, and supports other proposals to end the nuclear arms race. We welcome anyone who shares our concerns to contribute and participate in the Campaign. there is something you can do ! 1. Passing the Freeze Referendum in September is crucial to convincing our government that the people want to avoid a Nuclear War--so help in any way you can. 2. Offer your help at the Wisconsin Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign office. You can take responsibility to activate your community or neighborhood organization; we have packets available to help you. 3. Contribute money--as much as you can--as soon as you can. We are setting up a statewide educational network, the State Clearinghouse for the Freeze. .we are starting from Cash Zero! 4. Sign the Referendum Petition, and circulate it for signatures. Distribute bumperstickers, flyers, pins, etc. 5. Wear a sky blue ribbon and/or tie a large one on your door or on a tree in your front yard. It will show your support of the Freeze, and is also a good conversation starter. 6. Contact your local/state representatives and those who are candidates. Get a clear statement from them on their views and how they will vote on the Referendum. Tell them why you are supporting the Referendum: We must prevent a nuclear disaster before it's too late. 7. Talk to your family and friends, your neighbors and work associates, about why you think a YES VOTE on the Referendum is crucial. In convincing people to VOTE YES, act as if your survival depends on it. IT DOES! 8. VOTE YES ON THE NUCLEAR FREEZE REFERENDUM ON SEPTEMBER 14. VOTE YES FILL OUT AND SEND TO: WNWFC, 520 University Ave, #320, Madison, WI 53703; (608) 251-0587. Name Street City ZIP Phone ( ) I can contribute $100 $50 $25 $ THANK YOU! I will sponsor a fundraising coffee in my home. I will do telephone or door-to-door canvassing. I will assist my local Freeze Committee in some capacity. I will arrange for a speaker to appear for the Freeze in my organization. I will wear a blue ribbon; I will display a blue ribbon on my home. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT! WE LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH YOU! Auth. and paid for by WIS. NUCLEAR WEAPONS FREEZE CAMP. S. Herrick. Tr.. Box 169. Madison. WT 53701 file Nuctory BISHOPS, BOMBS, AND ABORTION: What's really going on with the United States Catholic Conference, its pastoral letter on nuclear arms, and the pro-life movement. The pro-life movement has badly backfired on the American bishops. It has played a significant, and sometimes major, role in defeating a large and still expanding roster of liberal politicians: Clark, Culver, Bayh, McGovern, and the rest. It has made abortion a litmus test for presidential aspirants, as George Bush discovered ineptly in 1980, and as Kennedy found, in state after state, during the '80 primaries. Worst of all, from the bishops' point of view, is the way the pro-life movement has drawn millions of Catholics (as well as evangelicals and others) into conservative ranks. For example, in 1981, while the bishops were writing to all Members of Congress, damning the Reagan budget/tax reductions and supporting the O'Neill "alternative budget," most pro-life organizations were working for the Administration's proposal. For several years, the bishops' bureaucracy has agonized about this situation. And in the meantime, they have continued their hostility toward pro-life conservatives, particularly Senator Helms. The first indication of their way out of their self-made trap on the abortion issue was an op ed piece in the Washington Post, March 8, 1982, by Senator Patrick Leahy, a pro-abortion "Catholic" who had been targeted by pro-lifers in 1980, but without success. (ATTACHMENTS 1 and 2) Leahy's piece is brilliant, and should be read in its entirety. Note especially his closing paragraph, and the comment by Hesburgh. It should have been no surprise, a few months later, when Washington's Bishop Hickey -- the militant leader of the El Salvador activists among the bishops -- launched his own peace crusade in the D.C. Archdiocese, that the only member of Congress chosen to participate, to advise, to lecture, to instruct all senior clergy and church officials was Senator Patrick Leahy. - 2 - The El Salvador crusade among the Catholic leftist clergy/nuns prefigured the later alignment on the nuclear issue. See ATTACHMENT 3, from the Congressional Quarterly. Note the reference to the abortion issue. Note also the praise from Congressman Michael Barnes. Barnes also happens to be one of NARAL's leaders in the Congress. Also important is the role of Fr. Brian Hehir in the El Salvador controversy. Now we switch back to the abortion fight in the Senate in August- September, 1982. ATTACHMENT 4 is an amazing memo from the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, simply lying about President Reagan's role (and that of his Administration) in the pro-life lobbying efforts to assist Senator Helms. The outrage in pro-life circles over this memo led to an apologetic phone call from Cardinal Krol to President Reagan early in October. But the Bishops' crowd were still at it. ATTACHMENT 5 is a speech by one of their long-time stalwarts in the Congress, Senator Tom Eagleton of Missouri. A pro-life vote (who never takes an initiative on the issue) and solid liberal, Eagleton is the USCC's kind of guy on abortion. Note that his speech is really nothing more than a personal attack on ... Senator Helms. Note too that it was given under the auspices of the Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis. The real pro-lifers of Missouri Missouri Citizens for Life would have booed Eagleton off the stage. Most important, this speech is now being mass-mailed across the country by USCC officials. Clearly, it is their outline for the future: *attack Helms, severe pro-life ties with the Right *accept a state's rights amendment on abortion, thereby (1) giving up the basic pro-life principle (2) getting the issue out of the Congress for 1984 *broaden "pro-life" to include things other than abortion. Now, back to the bishops on nuclear arms. As Human Events has revealed (ATTACHMENT 6), parts of the bishops' draft statement on nuclear weapons have been taken from the speeches of ... Fr. Brian Hehir, lately of the El Salvador crusade, who has worked so closely with the left-liberal congressional offices (which almost always are pro-abortion) on Central America and other "peace" initiatives. - 3 - IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE CRUCIAL LANGUAGE IN THE BISHOPS' DRAFT STATEMENT WAS TAKEN VERBATIM FROM THE KENNEDY-HATFIELD NUCLEAR FREEZE RESOLUTION, WHICH WAS REJECTED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EARLIER THIS YEAR. Interpret that coincidence in light of this one: ONE OF THE CHIEF THEOLOGICAL ADVISORS TO ARCHBISHOP HICKEY AND THE OTHER NO-NUKES BISHOPS IS FR. RICHARD MCCORMICK, ethicist extraordinary at the KENNEDY CENTER AT GEORGETOWN. McCormick is a clerical adjunct of the Kennedy clan, part of the Senator's extended entourage. He has been, on occasion, the voice for Catholic "moderation" on the abortion issue, opposing attempts by pro-lifers to impose their morals on everyone else, etc. So we have one of Ted Kennedy's intimate church liberals fashioning for the bishops a statement which uses Kennedy's own words, from his anti-nuke resolution in the Congress, along with Fr. Hehir's recycled speeches. How does this effect the pro-life movement? In the Washington Post, on November 2, Marjorie Hyer -- whose close personal relationship with the USCC leaders is well known -- let the cat out of the bag. SEE ATTACHMENT 7. This should be read carefully, for it is a remarkably candid expression of what the nuclear issue is all about: redefine pro-life to include disarmament, thereby making Teddy as "pro-life" as Jesse Helms, and stopping the drift of Catholic voters toward conservative candidates. As if to confirm that interpretation, the bishops themselves, in their debate on this issue at their conference this week, repeatedly linked disarmament with abortion, insisting that they had to oppose nuclear weapons as part of their"pro-life"commitment. Now we wait for the other shoe to fall: the bishops' decision, made for them by their USCC apparat, that they can live with a state's rights amendment on abortion, rather than a real Human Life Amendment. Ted Kennedy, Moynihan, Leahy, and the rest of their "Catholics might vote for that. Helms and other principled pro-lifers would not. But, then, Helms would be rated "0" by the bishops, and Teddy would be 100%, on both abortion and nuclear arms. Fearless predictions: 1. Eagleton will introduce the USCC's states' rights constitutional amendment early next year, probably backed by Hatfield (of Kennedy-Hatfield resolution fame) 2. The USCC will flood parish pro-life organizations with anti-nuclear literature, using as "pro-life" spokesmen Catholic pro-abortion politicians, as a way of rehabilitating them. (By way of illustration, in Chicago, the "Call to Action" group, with close ties to Archbishop Bernardine, has just given its annual award, for exemplary Catholic political leadership, to State Senator Susan Catania, a hard-core pro-abortion leader in the State legislature.) 3. The USCC will especially go after Senator Helms, to destroy his credibility as the moral leader of the pro-life movement. 4. The pro-life movement will not give a damn. It knows the difference between a third trimester saline abortion and deployment of the MX-missile. ROBERT K. DORNAN WASHINGTON OFFICE: 332 CANNON HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING 27TH DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515 FOREIGN AFFAIRS (202) 225-6451 CHAIRMAN DISTRICT OFFICES: TASK FORCE ON AMERICAN PRISONERS 6151 WEST CENTURY BOULEVARD AND MISSING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA SUITE 1016 ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90045 (INCLUDES INDIA-PAKISTAN-AFGHANISTAN) Congress of the United States (213) 642-5111 AFRICA 1815 VIA EL PRADO INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS House of Representatives SUITE 207 REDONDO BEACH, CALIFORNIA 90277 (CANADA-MEXICO-CENTRAL AMERICA (213) 540-2951 THE CARIBBEAN-SOUTH AMERICA) Mashington, D.C. 20515 SELECT COMMITTEE ON aging SELECT COMMITTEE ON NARCOTICS ABUSE December 7, 1982 AND CONTROL TASK FORCE ON MILITARY DRUG ABUSE REPUBLICAN TASK FORCE ON DEFENSE file Nuclear frege Dear Friend: The nuclear freeze issue and movie star Paul Newman's naive claims on Soviet treaty compliance prompted me to direct my staff to study Soviet arms control behavior. This research led to the enclosed OPEN LETTER TO PAUL NEWMAN which includes a documented partial list of Soviet violations, deceptions and other measures calculated to circumvent arms control agreements. U.S. Government policy has been to either deny or accept these constant Soviet efforts to evade arms control limitations. I am urging President Reagan to release any information of Soviet arms control "violations" that will not compromise our intelligence gathering procedures. It is my belief that if the American people are given the facts, they can informatively evaluate the Soviet past as a guide to help determine the future course of U.S. foreign policy. America should have realistic expectations about the value of arms control. Arms control is a U.S. attempt to reduce national security threats; successful arms control would lower U.S. defense needs. Arms control is not a desired end in it- self; arms control is only one attempted means to reduce U.S. defense requirements. The Reagan Administration's attempts to achieve worthwhile arms control agree- ments show good faith and our williness to reduce (not merely freeze) the defense needs of both sides. Unfortunately, if you look at past Soviet arms control behav- ior, the possibilities for such mutually beneficial agreements appear remote. A good, verifiable, enforceable agreement is desirable. An agreement that lacks any one of these three key elements is not worth the paper it is written on. The naive belief that a nuclear freeze with the USSR would make the world safer is not based on these realities but on wishful thinking. A nuclear freeze lacks all three elements essential for a desirable agreement. History is our only guide to the future and "those who ignore history are con- demned to relive it." The record shows arms control has failed to check the awe- some Soviet military buildup. The well intentioned freeze advocates remind me of Neville Chamberlain's naive offer of Sudetenland to Hitler in 1938. "Peace for our time" was proclaimed, followed shortly by World War II. "Peace Through Strength" can be the only way to insure the survival of the Free World as we move through the uncharted times ahead. I am sharing this information with you because of the growing mood in the country again that the Soviets can be trusted. While this is my last communica- tion to you as a U.S. Congressman, I will keep in touch in the future. Bob With my best regards, ROBERT K. DORNAN Member of Congress OPEN LETTER TO PAUL NEWMAN Dear Paul, While most people realize that the Soviet Union cannot be trusted to keep arms control agreements, it is understandable why you feel the Soviets abide by treaties. If one were to look only at official U.S. statements on Soviet violations, it may appear that the U.S.S.R. has a good track record in complying with arms control agreements. There are three main reasons why this false impression has persisted and why people of good will such as yourself have been taken for a ride. First, in order to obtain Soviet agreement on a Standing Consultative Commission (SCC) for airing alleged SALT violations, the U.S. had to agree that the proceedings would be "confidential." Hence, open official U.S. disclosure of Soviet SALT violations is rare. Second, U.S. intelligence agencies often feel that it is best not to "go public" with successfully determined information of Soviet military activities. Announcing our knowledge of those activities may lead to changes in Soviet camouflage, concealment, and deception (CCD) procedures which could reduce our ability to ferret out such activities in the future. Third, if an administration supports an arms control agreement, an announcement of Soviet violations would be an admission of a failure in its arms control policy, and hence call into question the success of its overall foreign policy. This leads administrations, Republican or Democratic, toward a policy of ignoring or, much worse, explaining away Soviet violations. For example, according to the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), the Soviets proposed and the U.S. accepted a "Mistakes Understanding" concerning any violations of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty. The understanding was that "one or two slight, unintended breaches per year" are not to be considered violations. For these three reasons, there are few official and public U.S. Govern- ment documentations of Soviet arms control violations. One does not need to look very hard though, to find numerous reports of Soviet violations, decep- tions, and calculated measures to circumvent arms control limitations. Soviet activities have been uncovered by many officials, both in and out of our government. So that debate on the value of arms control can be based on reality and not on naive misperceptions, I am enclosing a partial list of Soviet "violations" that have been reported publicly. In addition, there are many violations that are known only be intelligence officials. And obviously, there are additional violations that are unknown even to Allied intelligence officials, i.e. cases where the Soviets have cheated so cleverly that they have not been caught. After all, our intelligence forces are not perfect. The following list is divided into two columns of information. Column one gives a short description of Soviet Violations, Deceptions, and calculated measures to Circumvent arms control limitations (VDC's). Column two lists sources that report or discuss the specific Soviet action and/or capability that is mentioned in column one. For more information on a particular Soviet VDC, see the relevant arms control agreement and the sources from column two. The list is organized as follows: Soviet VDC's are presented; then VDC's of other arms control agreements are outlined. Note that each VDC is numbered for reference purposes only. The numbers represent different types of VDC's not the total quantity af all VDC's. For example, violation number one mentions the illegal deployment of 18 SS-9 ICBMs. Each SS-9 was a separate violation, for a total of 18 violations. SALT Violations Sources 1) SS-9: illegal deployment of 18 SS-9 David S. Sullivan, Soviet SALT Deception, heavy ICBMs at Tyuratam test range Coalition of Peace Through Strength, 1979, during SALT I. This violated the p. 7; Senator Jake Garn, "The Suppression SALT I limitation on ICBM launchers. of Information Concerning Soviet SALT Vio- lations by the U.S. Government,' Policy Review, No. 9, Summer 1979, P. 23; Senator Gordon J. Humphrey, "Analysis and Compli- ance Enforcement in SALT Verification," International Security Review, V. 5, Spring 1980, P. 4; "Soviet Violations of Arms Control Agreements," National Security Record, No. 45, May 1982, The Heritage Foundation, P. 2; Senator Steven Symms, Congressional Record, May 27, 1982, P. S 6357. 2) SS-11: deployment of this missile Humphrey, P. 6; "Soviet Violations of at a SS-4 Medium Range Ballistic Arms Agreements," P. 2; Sullivan, P. 7. Missile (MRBM) site is an in- stance of attempted deception and is a violation of the SALT I Treaty. 3) SS-16: deployment of 40-220 of Humphrey, PP. 5, 7, 12; Sullivan, Soviet these mobile ICBMs violates SALT Deception, P. 4; David Sullivan "A SALT SALT II provisions banning Debate: Continued Soviet Deception,' Stra- mobile ICBMs and violates tegic Review, V. 7, Fall 1979, P. 32, David SALT II limits on Strategic Sullivan, "Lessons Learned From SALT I Nuclear Delivery Vehicles and II: New Objectives for SALT III," (SNDV's). International Security Review, Vol. VI, No. III, Fall 1981, PP. 362, 368; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2; Garn, P. 31; Michael Getler, "Government Experts Challenge Reports of Soviet SALT Viola- tions," Washington Post, April 9, 1982; Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, "SALT ONE: Compliance," The Department of State Selected Documents, No. 7, February 1978, P. 10; "Soviets Violate SALT II," Human Events, April 17, 1982, P. 3. 4) SS-17: this ICBM was one of the "Lessons Learned From SALT I and II: heavy missile replacements for New Objectives for SALT III," P. 365; the light SS-11 ICBM. The SS- Lawrence K. Orr, "Soviet Violations of 17 carries four times the war- SALT I," Issues in Brief, November 16, heads of a SS-11 and three to 1979, PP. 2, 3, 4; Michael B. Donley, ed., four times the throw weight. The SALT Handbook, The Heritage Foundation, These replacements violate SALT 1979 P. 62; M. Stanton Evans, "How We Ig- I provisions prohibiting re- nore Moscow's Treaty Violations," Human placement of light ICBM launch- Events, June 19, 1982, P. 7; Garn, pp. 14- ers with heavies. 20; Soviet SALT Deception, p. 3; Humphrey, p. 7 SALT Violations Sources 5) SS-18: encoding of telemetry for this Soviet SALT Deception, P. 7; "Soviet missile violates the agreements in Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2. both SALT I and SALT II to refrain from interfering with national tech- nical means of verification. 6) SS-18: Rapid reload and refire exer- Symms, p. S 6357; Clarence A. Robinson, cises for the SS-18 have been re- Jr., "Soviet SALT Viola ons Feared," ported; these exercises violate Aviation Week, September 22, 1980. SALT II provisions prohibiting rapid reloads for ICBMs. 7) SS-19: this ICBM was one of the Donley, p. 62; Orr, PP. 2-4; "Lessons heavy replacements for the light Learned From SALT I and II: New Objectives SS-11 ICBM. The SS-19 carries for SALT III," P. 361; Evans; "Soviet six times the warheads and Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2; three to five times the throw Vance, P. 5; Robert J. Einhorn, "Treaty weight of a SS-11. Dep oyment of Compliance," Foreign Policy, Winter the SS-19 violates SALT I pro- 1981-82, P. 30; Geoffrey Levitt, "Prob- visions prohibiting replace- lems in the Verification and Enforcement ment of light ICBM 1 nchers of SALT Agreements in Light of the Record with heavies. of Soviet Compliance With SALT I," Har- vard International Law Journal, Vol. 22, No. 2, Spring 1981, pp. 385-386; Garn, PP. 14-20; Soviet SALT Deception, PP. 1- 3, 5; Humphrey, PP. 3, 4, 7, 8, 14. 8) reintroduction of ICBM equipment Humphrey, p. 13; Air Force magazine, to deactivated complexes: these January 1979, P. 18; "Soviet Violations measures violate dismantling or of Arms Agreements," P. 2. destruction requirements of the SALT Treaties. 9) SS-NX-19: this sea launched Symms, p. S 6357; David S. Sullivan, cruise missile (SLCM) has had The Bitter Fruit of SALT: A Record of its telemetry encoded during Soviet Duplicity, Texas Policy Institute, tests which violates the agree- (reprinted in the Congressional Record; ments in both SALT I and SALT May 13, 1982, P. S 5178.) II forbiding interference with the national technical means of verification of the other party. 10) SS-NX-20: encoding of telemetry "Soviet Violations Feared;" Daniel for this sea launched ballistic Southerland, "Are Soviets Violating missile (SLBM) violates both the SALT II Guidelines?" Christian Science SALT I and SALT II accords on Monitor, May 12, 1982, P. 1; Symms, P. non-interference with national S 6357. technical means of verification. SALT Violations Sources 11) excess old ICBM launchers were not Orr, pp. 2, 6; "Soviet Violations of dismantled as required with addi- Arms Agreements," p. 2; Humphrey, pp. tional deployments of new SLBM 4-13; Soviet SALT Deception, p. 7; Garn, launchers. In 1976 the Soviets p. 21; Levitt, P. 390; Vance, p. 7. admitted they were over the SALT I freeze limit and acted to recti- fy the situation after much delay. This violation consisted of going over the SALT I freeze limit by 41 launchers. 12) III X launch control silos: the Vance, PP. 4-5; Levitt, P. 386; Clarence Soviets built 150-200 of these A. Robinson, "Soviet Violations De- silos in violation of the SALT tected," Aviation Week, October 21, I freeze on ICBM launchers. 1974; Colin Gray, "SALT I Aftermath: Have the Soviets Been Cheating?" Air Force magazine, November 1975; Garn, P. 22; Humphrey, P. 8; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," p. 2; Orr, PP. 2-3. 13) over SALT I limits on nuclear Orr, PP. 2, 6; "Soviet Violations of ballistic missile submarines Arms Agreements," P. 2; Humphrey, P. (SSBNs) the Soviet violated 7; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 4. the SALT I limit of 62 SSBNs. Some sources say the Soviets have more than 68 strategic submarines. 14) SS-N-12: deployment of this The Military Balance 1982-1983, The sea launched cruise missile International Institute for Strategic (SLCM) violates the protocol Studies, London, 1982, lists two range to the SALT II Treaty which figures for this SLCM: 550 kilometers prohibits deployment of SLCMs and 1,000 kilometers; perhaps there are with ranges over 600 kilometers. two versions of this SLCM. 15) SS-N-3: deployment of this SLCM the range of this SLCM is 840 kilometers violates the protocol to the according to Donley, P. 132. SALT II Treaty which prohibits deployment of SLCMs with ranges in excess of 600 kilometers. 16) development of a tactical ABM Humphrey, p.2. has violated the ABM Treaty. SALT Violations Sources 17) ABM radars on Kamchatka: this 1975 Garn, p. 25; Vance, P. 6; Orr, P. 10; deployment violated the ABM Treaty Levitt, p. 383; Humphrey, P. 3; "Soviet of 1972. The Soviet Union merely Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2; informed the U.S. that Kamchatka Soviet SALT Deception, P. 5; William R. had always been an ABM test site, Van Cleave, "SALT on the Eagle's Tail," and deployment of ABM radars at Strategic Review, Spring 1976, P. 50. ABM tests sites was allowed. The problem here was that the Soviet Union did not tell the U.S. that Kamchatka was an ABM site when the ABM Treaty was signed. 18) blinding U.S. satellites with ground Levitt, P. 388; Vance, PP. 9-10; Orr, based lasers: this violates the PP. 5, 12; Philip J. Klass, "Anti- SALT provisions that prohibit inter- Satellite Laser Use Suspected," Aviation ference with national technical Week, December 8, 1975, P. 12. means of verification. 19) SA-2: tests of this surface to air Garn, p. 26; Melvin Laird, "Arms Control: missile (SAM) in an ABM mode has The Russians are Cheating," Reader's violated the ABM Treaty. Digest, December 1977. (Laird was Nixon's first Secretary of Defense.) 20) failure to dismantle excess ABM test Soviet SALT Deception, p. 7; Humphrey, range launchers as required by the P. 2; Levitt, pp. 389-390; Vance, P. 6. SCC violated the ABM Treaty. 21) testing a movable ABM: these tests Garn, P. 25; Vance, p. 10; Orr, P. 9; violate the ABM Treaty. Laird, P. 4; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2; Humphrey, p. 2; Van Cleave, P. 50. 22) deployment of ABM battle manage- Orr, P. 9; "Soviet Violations of Arms ment radars: int duction of Agreements," P. 2; Humphrey, p. 2. these radars violates the ABM Treaty. 23) SA-5: tests o this SAM in an ABM Humphrey, P. 2; Soviet SALT Violations mode has violated the ABM Treaty. Feared;" Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," p. 2; Levitt, p. 381; Orr, PP. 8-9; John D. Lofton, "Top Military Man at SALT Calls it Quits," Battle Line, July 1979; Robert Hotz, "The Case Against Kissinger," Aviation Week, December 8, 1975; Vance, p. 10; Einhorn, p. 30; Garn, p. 26; Laird. SALT Violations Sources 24) SA-10: tests of this SAM in an ABM Humphrey, p. 2. mode has violated the ABM Treaty. 25) Backfire: this bomber (which is "Soviet Violations of Arms not counted as a heavy bomber Agreements," P. 3; "Soviet SALT in the SALT II Treaty) has carri- Violations Feared," Getler; Donley, ed the AS-6 strategic (range over p. 123. 600 kilometers) air launched cruise missile (ALCM); this violates the SALT II provision that prohibits non-heavy bombers from carrying strategic ALCMs. SALT Deceptions Sources 26) SS-11: deployment of this missile Humphrey, p. 6; "Soviet Violations of at a SS-4 MRBM site is an in- Arms Agreements," p. 2; Soviet SALT stance of attempted deception. Deception, p. 7. 27) SS-16: this mobile ICBM was tested Soviet SALT Deception, p. 4; Garn, P. at night (in 1976) for deception 31; Getler; "A SALT Debate: Continued purposes. Tests of the SS-16 Soviet Deception," P. 32; Southerland, have occurred above the arctic pp. 1, 14; "Soviets Violate SALT II," circle (not a common practice) P. 3; "How Russian HIdes Its Missiles," to conceal information from U.S. Foreign Report, published by the Economist monitors. newspaper limited, London, March 5, 1981, P. 3; "Lessons Learned From SALT I and II: New Objectives for SALT III," PP. 362, 368; Orr, p. 12. 28) encoded telemetry: many Soviet for reports of encoding (or encryption) missile tests have used this of telemetry for the SS-18, SS-NX-19 and illegal (according to SALT) SS-NX-20 see Soviet SALT Deception, P. 7; deception to make it "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," difficult to determine the size p. 2; Symms, P. S 6357; The Bitter Fruit number, and type of warheads. of SALT: A Record of Soviet Duplicity, (in the Congressional Record, May 13, 1982, p. S 5178); Southerland, P. 1; "Soviet Violations Feared." 29) the Soviet Union falsified the Humphrey, p. 4; Soviet SALT Deception, number of SSBNs and SLBMs de- p. 3; "A SALT Debate: Continued Soviet ployed and under construction Deception," pp. 31-32; "Lessons Learned at the time of the SALT I freeze. From SALT I and II: New Objectives for SALT III," p. 362. SALT Deceptions Sources 30) AS-3 and AS-6: Under SALT II, bombers Donley, P. 126; Soviet Military Power, that carry strategic ALCMs must be the Department of Defense, P. 61; counted under Multiple Independently "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRV) P. 3. limits. The Soviets deceptively made the claim that none of their ALCMs had strategic range, so none of their bombers are counted as MIRVed. This claim is false since the AS-3 and AS-6 ALCMs are both strategic. 31) Bear: 105 of these heavy bombers are Sullivan, in the Congressional Record, configured to carry the AS-3 stra- May 13, 1982, P. S 5179; Symms, P. S.6357. tegic ALCM. The Soviets deceptively claimed no MIRVed heavy bombers in the SALT II data exchange. 32) concealment of missiles as they leave "Soviet Violations of Arms Control production plants: this deception Agreements," P. 2; Humphrey, P. 5; circumvents SALT I and SALT II "How Russia Hides its Missiles,' "p. 3. provisions that prohibit certain deliberate concealment measures. other measures to interfere with national techinical means of veri- fication include: 33) dummy roads, facilities, equipment, Orr, P. 10; Jack Anderson, "Soviet Sub- and launch sites. terfuge a SALT Concern," Washington Post, May 23, 1979; "How Russia Hides Its Missiles," P. 2. 34) restriction of electronic emissions Anderson; Orr, P. 10. for air defense radars to prevent interception of data. 35) covered submarines with tarps to Orr, P. 10; Evans; "How Russia Hides Its conceal the SLBM launcher count. Missiles," PP. 2-3; Levitt, P. 389; Humphrey, P. 5; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 4; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2. 36) tunnels to conceal over 20 sub- "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," marines. P. 2; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 4; Humphrey, p. 5; "How Russia Hides Its Missiles," P. 2. SALT Deceptions Sources 37) camouflaged factories producing Orr, p. 10; Garn, p. 30; "How Russia missile and submarine components. Hides Its Missiles," P. 3; Levitt, P. 388; Clarence A. Robinson, Jr., "Soviets Hiding Submarine Work," Aviation Week, November 11, 1974; Humphrey, P. 5; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 4; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," p. 2. 38) camouflaged missile launching Levitt, p. 388; Vance, PP. 7-8; "How sites. Russia Hides Its Missiles," P. 2; Garn, p. 30; Orr, P. 10. 39) construction of dummy submarines. Garn, P. 30; Evans; "How Russia Hides Its Missiles," P. 2; Humphrey, P. 5; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 4; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," P. 2. 40) in addition to sending encoded Edward J. Epstein, "Soviet Missiles telemetry back from their missiles, Can Fool Monitors," Wall Street Journal, (see number 28) the Soviets may October 18, 1982. have sent deceptive uncoded telemetry. 41) refusal to give data in SALT I: according to national security advisor this deceptive uncooperative Henry Kissinger'a White House press brief- behavior allowed the Soviets to ing on SALT I, June 15, 1972, "the Soviet later argue that some alleged Union has been extremely reluctant to violations were based on "faulty" specify precise numbers..." see SALT I U.S. data. (e.g. see number 17). Reconsidered, Institute of American Relations, 1979, P. 77 for these remarks. 42) SSBN geographical assymmetry farce: Soviet SALT Deception, pp. 3-4; "Lessons the Soviet Union demanded and was From SALT I and SALT II: New Objectives granted the right to build more SSBNs for SALT III," p. 362; "A SALT Debate: than the U.S. during the SALT I Continued Soviet Deception," P. 32; freeze on total ICBM and SLBM launch- Donley, p. 83; the U.S. no longer has ers. This demand was accepted on the overseas home basing of SSBNs according basis of a deceptive claim. The U.S. to Senior Chief Riccio, Office of Naval based some SSBNs overseas. The Sov- Research. iets claim they should be given more submarines since U.S. submarines could hit Soviet targets while near their bases and Soviet submarines could not hit U.S. territory while near their bases. Soon after the SALT Treaty, the Soviets bagan testing a new long range SLBM which allows them to hit the U.S. while near home bases. Since the U.S. subsequently withdrew its SALT Deceptions Sources 42) (continued) submarines from overseas bases, the geographical assymmetry is actually the other way. 43) Backfire: the Soviet Union has Soviet SALT Deception, P. 7; Humphrey, been deceptive in describing p. 6; SALT II Reference Guide, The this bomber as medium range, in White House, Spring 1979; "Lessons its claims that the Backfire Learned From SALT I and II: New Ob- does not have and will not be jectives for SALT III," PP. 364, 368; given the capability to strike "A SALT Debate: Continued Soviet Deception," targets in the U.S., and in the P. 37. production rate. There is no doubt that the Backfire bomber (which can be refueled inflight) can attack targets in the U.S. 44) camouflage, concealment, and de- Soviet SALT Deception, P. 7; Humphrey, ception of ABM deactivization: P. 2; "Soviet Violations of Arms Agree- these measures violate the SALT ments," P. 2. provisions that prohibit inter- ference with national technical means of verification. SALT Circumventions Sources 45) SS-7: large numbers of old SS-7 Soviet SALT Deception, P. 7; Air Force heavy missiles at an unidenti- magazine, September 1979, p. 24; fied installation circumvents Humphrey, p. 6. the SALT I provisions requiring destruction or dismantling of old systems as they are replaced. 46) SS-16: tests of this mobile Soviet SALT Deception, P. 4; Garn, p. ICBM circumvented Brezhnev's 31; "How Russia Hides Its Missiles," pledge to Nixon that the p. 2; "A SALT Debate: Continued Soviet Soviet Union would not de- Deception," p. 32; "Lessons Learned ploy a mobile ICBM. From SALT I and II: New Objectives for SALT III," P. 362; Getler; Orr, P. 12; Garn, p. 31; Humphrey, P. 5. 47) SS-18: simulated tests of this William E. Jackson, Jr., quoted by missile with more than ten Southerland, p. 14. warheads circumvents the SALT II limit of ten warheads on an ICBM. SALT Circumventions Sources 48) SS-20: the Soviets have circum- "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," vented the SALT agreements with p. 2; Humphrey, p. 5; Symms, P. S 6357; this missile which is called an Levitt, P. 387; Vance, p. 10; Orr, p. 5; intermediate range ballistic Laird. missile (IRBM) but which has ICBM range. The range of this missile (over 5,500 kilometers) should qualify it as an ICBM under SALT definitions. Encryption of the telemetry data in tests of this missile also circumvents the SALT agreements. 49) extra missiles have been stored: "Lessons Learned From SALT I and II: New when the Soviet Union has re- Objectives for SALT III," P. 368; "Whither placed old missiles, it has Arms Control?-II," Wall Street Journal, kept them as a strategic reserve. May 20, 1982, P. 26; Soviet SALT Deception, This circumvents the stipula- P. 7; Humphrey, P. 5; "Soviet Violations tions of the SALT agreements of Arms Agreements," P. 2; see also the Harold which call for dismantling or Brown Department of Defense Reports which destruction of ICBM launchers mention these extra missiles. when replaced by new SLBM launchers. 50) Hotel SSBN: these submarines cir- for a description of these submarines cumvented the SALT I Treaty; al- see Donley, pp. 93-101; The Military though equipped with SLBMs, these Balance 1982-83; or Jane's Fighting Ships. submarines were not counted under SALT limits. 51) Golf Ballistic Missile Submarine for a description of these submarines (SSB) these submarines also cir- see Donley, pp. 93-101; the Military cumvented the SALT I limits; al- Balance 1982-83, or Jane's Fighting Ships. though these submarines carried SLBMs, they were not counted to- ward the Soviet limit of 62 bal- listic missile submarines. 52) Cruise Missile Submarines (SSGN Soviet Military Power, P. 40; Donley, and SSG) the Soviets have 50 p. 132; "Soviet Violations of Arms nuclear powered and 20 diesel Agreements," p. 3; "Lessons Learned From powered cruise missile submarines SALT I and SALT II: New Objectives for that have circumvented the SALT SALT III," p. 368. limits. Most of these cruise missiles are nuclear capable. SALT Circumventions Sources 53) development of two new ICBMs: William E. Jackson, Jr., P. 14. SALT II only allows the deploy- ment of one new ICBM. These developments then circumvent the SALT Treaty. Deployment of course would violate the Treaty. 54) concealment of missiles as they "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," leave production plants: this P. 2; Humphrey, P. 5; "How Russia Hides deception circumvents SALT I Its Missiles,' P. 3. and SALT II provisions that prohibit certain deliberate concealment measures. 55) Anti-Satellite weapons (ASATs): Vance, P. 10; Levitt, P. 388; Clarence these ASATs circumvent the SALT A. Robinson, Jr., "Soviets Push for provisions that prohibit inter- Beam Weapon," Aviation Week, May 2, 1977. ference with national technical means of verification. 56) Bear: Navy versions of this stra- Donley, P. 109; Soviet Military Power, tegic heavy bomber circumvent P. 47; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 10. SALT II limitations. While these aircraft are not counted, hundreds of junked B-52s are counted. 57) testing illegal ABM radars (high Orr, P. 8; Evans; Garn, P. 24; Henry S. powered) and developing illegal Bradsher, "Soviet ABM Setup Has Pentagon exotic technologies (e.g. beams Concerned," Washington Star, February and lasers) circumvents the ABM 16, 1977; Levitt, P. 384; Clarence A. Treaty which prohibits the deploy- Robinson, Jr., "Further Violations of ment of these measures. SALT Seen," Aviation Week, February 3, 1975; Clarence A. Robinson, Jr., "Soviets Push for Beam Weapons," Humphrey, P. 2; Van Cleave, P. 50. OUTER SPACE TREATY Circumvention Sources 58) Fractional Orbital Bombardment Soviet SALT Deception, P. 7; Humphrey, System (FOBs): the 18 SS-9 p. 6. heavy ICBMs at the Tyuratam test range were designed to be- come a FOBs upon launch. This capability circumvented the Outer Space Treaty provisions pro-- hibiting weapons of mass destruction in space. ATMOSHPERIC TEST BAN MORATORIUM OF 1958 Violation Sources 59) over 30 Soviet tests were conducted Kathleen Teltsch, "U.N., 87-11, Appeals in the atmosphere in less than to Soviet on Test," New York Times, Octo- two months (beginning September 1, ber 28, 1961. 1961.) 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS AGREEMENT Violation Sources 60) a few of the violations of the There are numerous reports of these agreement which prohibits the Soviet and Cuban activities; a few of stationing of offensive arms in these sources are: "Soviet Violations Cuba are: ballistic missile sub- of Arms Agreements," P. 2; Humphrey, P. marines visiting Cienfuegos harbor; 7; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 8; Air nuclear capable MIGs being given Force magazine, September 1979, P. 22. to Cuba; and a Soviet combat bri- gade stationed in Cuba. THRESHOLD TEST BAN TREATY Violation Sources 61) the Soviets have made many tests Einhorn, P. 31; "Soviet Violations of in violation of the 150 kilo- Arms Agreements, P. 1; "Soviet SALT ton limit. Violations Feared;" Humphrey, P. 7; Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, "Violations of the Test Ban?" Washington Post, Septem- ber 1979; Soviet SALT Deception, P. 8. 1973 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE U.S.A. AND THE U.S.S.R. ON THE PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR WAR Violation Sources 62) the Soviet Union failed to consult "Soviet Violations of Arms Agree- with the U.S. concerning the Arab- ments," p. 2. Israeli 1973 War and threatened to uae force against a U.S. ally (i.e. Israel); these actions were viola- tions of this Agreement. MUTUALLY BALANCED FORCE REDUCTION TALKS (MBFR) Deception Sources 63) Soviet deception and fabrication Soviet SALT Deception, p. 7. of Warsaw Pact force levels at these negotiations is the norm. BREZHNEV'S SS-20 PLEDGE Violation Sources 64) Brezhnev's March 1982 pledge to Secretary of Defense Weinberger an- freeze Soviet deployments of nounced this in an October 1982 issue SS-20s was nothing more than of Il Tempo, an Italian newspaper; see a propaganda ploy since the also the Washington Post, October 16, Soviet Union has deployed 40- 1982 for this report. 50 SS-20s since that time and continues to introduce new SS-20 launchers at a rate of one every five days. GENEVA PROTOCOL Violation Sources 65) Soviet use of lethal nerve gas "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements," on populations in Afghanistan P. 3; Chemical Warfare in Southeast violates this Treaty. Asia and Afghanistan, U.S. Department of State; Gloria Duffy, "Chemical Warfare: The Cloud of Doubt," Christian Science Monitor, January 26, 1982, p. 23. BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (BWC) Violation Sources 66) a 1979 anthrax epidemic (fatal Einhorn, p. 32. to thousands) in Sverdlovsk, USSR, gives evidence that this Convention has been violated. An accidental explosion at a military installation that had been a suspected biologi- cal weapons production plant caused the epidemic. The Soviets deny this, but refuse to have discusions with the U.S. concerning this violation. BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (BWC) Violation Sources 67) the U.S. has put before the U.N. "Soviet Violations of Arms Agreements, " evidence collected in Southeast P. 3; Chemical Warfare in Southeast Asia Asia that lethal chemical and and Afghanistan, Einhorn, P. 32. biological warfare toxins have been used by Soviet supplied Vietnamese troops on people in Laos and Cambodia. Use of these toxins called "yellow rain" and "white rain" violate the BWC. National Peace Through Strength Campaign P.O. Box 1943 Montgomery, Alabama 36102 205/271-0788 February 25, 1983 Richard D. Sellers Dear Friend: National Coordinator Co-Chairman, Coalition As the president of the National Forum for Peace Through Strength Foundation, I cordially invite you to attend a Congressional reception for the Peace President, National Through Strength Campaign on Monday, March 7 Forum Foundation from 6-8 p.m.at the Capitol Hill Club, President, National 300 First St., S.E. Forum Political Action Committee In addition to your participation I hope you will urge all Members of Congress to attend. I have personally invited over 200 Members. The reception will be a major part of the Peace Through Strength Campaign's educational and lobbying activities March 7-8. Thousands of individual from all 50 States will be in Washington during our campaign representing millions of Americans who believe in 'peace through strength', not unilateral disarmament. The National Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign has their reception on the same night. Those Members of Congress for a freeze will certainly be at that reception. Since I announced on December 7, 1982 (attack on Pearl Harbor anniversary) a new initiative against the nuclear freeze, over 100 other national organizations have very actively joined in this effort. This is a campaign we cannot afford to lose. I recently attended the Third Annual Conference of the Freeze Campaign and I want to inform the American people that the freeze movement only seeks U.S. unilateral disarmament. Their was no discussion on how to reduce the Soviet military buildup, only three days of political planning on how to stop U.S. weapons. I hope you will join us on March 7-8 to participate in a constructive and strategic campaign for peace through strength. Please RSVP to Becky Borders for the reception at 546-0017. With best wishes, I am Sincerely, Richard D. Sellers file Nieteur MEDIA WATCH Freuge BY ROBERT FRIEDMAN Rees To Barron To Reagan hen Ronald Reagan told a informants around the country and is cir- of the American Friends Service Com- W gathering of veterans' groups culated to intelligence agencies on the lo- mittee, is described in both Information in Columbus, Ohio, in early cal, state. and national levels. Its sister Digest and Reader's Digest as a "World October that the nuclear publication, Western Goals Report, is Peace Council activist" who participated freeze movement was being published by Western Goals Foundation, in the founding of the U.S. Peace Coun- manipulated by those "who want the whose chairman is the arch-conservative cil, when, it turns out, he is not a member weakening of America," a cheer must Georgia Congressman, Larry McDonald. of either organization. have gone up in Pleasantville, New York. Although neither of these publications The carelessness which can lead to the Pleasantville is the company town where has much credibility with the main- ever-widening circulation of unsubstanti- one of the President's favorite maga- stream press, occasionally the informa- ated information can be seen in a related zines, Reader's Digest, is published. Just tion they contain finds its way into more incident involving The Washington Post. a few days earlier, a lengthy article by legitimate outlets. This seems to have In an October 6 editorial condemning Senior Editor John Barron had appeared been the case with John Barron's article both President Reagan and Senator Den- in the magazine saying much the same in Reader's Digest. Much of what Barron ton for red-baiting the freeze movement, thing. Indeed, the message was so simi- reports about the peace movement in the the newspaper fell into a trap set by the lar one wonders whether Reagan hadn't United States-accounts of meetings, very people it claimed to be criticizing. simply cribbed a line or two from the quotes from speeches, backgrounds of in- Among the documents introduced by piece on the way in from the airport. dividuals-seems to be taken directly Denton into the Congressional Record Reagan was not the first government from an article titled "The Soviet Peace was a State Department report which official to promote the Reader's Digest Offensive" that appeared in the March 1, called the Women's International League story, which appeared under the head- 1982, issue of Western Goals Report. for Peace and Freedom a "well-known in- line, "The KGB's Magical War for In one section, describing a meeting of ternational front." By repeating this 'Peace.' On September 29, Alabama the U.S. Peace Council in the fall of 1981, statement as fact-Stephen Rosenfeld, Senator Jeremiah Denton, chairman of Barron writes: "Michael Myerson, a long- who wrote the editorial, acknowledged the Subcommittee on Security and Ter- time communist functionary, asserted that the State Department publication rorism, had the article read into the Con- that the U.S. Peace Council had a unique was indeed his source of information on gressional Record to buttress his charge responsibility to fuse the cause of disarm- this point-and by advising Peace Links made on the Senate floor that an organi- ament with that of the Palestine Libera- not to "abide the taint that even the zation called Peace Links, headed by Bet- tion Organization and guerrillas in El Sal- slightest connection to a Soviet stooge ty Bumpers, wife of Arkansas Senator vador, Guatemala, Chile, and South group imparts," the Post accomplished in Dale Bumpers, was being manipulated Africa." Compare that with this excerpt a single paragraph what Senator Denton by communists. Although Peace Links from Western Goals Report: "Mike Myer- had sought to do in forty-five pages. was not specifically mentioned in the Di- son, who has been a CPUSA functionary Officials of the Women's International gest article, the overall theme of his piece since his student days some twenty years League met with the paper's editorial lent credence to Denton's claim that ago, emphasized the USPC and WPC's board and demanded a retraction. When "KGB involvement in the so-called peace 'unique responsibility' of merging the the Post pushed the State Department movement is well-documented." fight for Western disarmament with pro- for more evidence, it learned that the So- That a statement may be "well-docu- vision of support to revolutionary viet-front characterization was not in- mented" is, of course, no test of its verac- groups in El Salvador, Guatemala, Chile, tended to apply to the group's American ity. In the self-referential world of right- South Africa, and the PLO." chapter. Three days later, in an unusual wing ideologues, the wildest accusations Similarly, Barron's accounts of Mobili- follow-up editorial, the paper apologized, can often be backed up by endless cita- zation for Survival meetings in October saying it did "not mean to suggest that tions of each others' work. As further so- and December 1981, seem to rely almost any of the groups advising Peace Links is called evidence of his allegations against exclusively-often quote for quote-on a Soviet stooge." (This was, of course, Peace Links, Denton introduced some information compiled by John Rees. exactly what it had meant to suggest.) forty-five pages of material into the Con- While some of this information, like that While the Post deserves some credit gressional Record (at a total cost to tax- above, is fairly straightforward, much of for pulling back, reporters and editors payers of $21,420), including articles it is based on hearsay and innuendo, the would do well to remember what tripped from two right-wing publications, Infor- product of a conspiratorial mind that sees up the paper in the first place. Thirty mation Digest and Western Goals Re- the presence of two people at a meeting years after another senator, Joseph Mc- port, both edited by John Rees, a former as evidence that one does the other's bid- Carthy, suckered the press with "evi- undercover operative. Information Di- ding. Thus, Women Strike for Peace, be- dence" that communists had infiltrated gest, which Rees has been putting out cause it opposed U.S. intervention in the government, many in the media seem since the late 1960's, traffics in unsub- Vietnam, as did the Soviet Union, is to have forgotten just how easily they can stantiated information about liberal and branded a KGB front. And Terry Pro- be manipulated-not by the KGB, but by left-wing groups. It relies on a net work of vance, the former disarmament director their own elected leaders. Nuclear Times NOV./DEC. 1982 25 Board of Directors "This Conference will be a unique historic opportunity for Christian women and men TED ENGSTROM, Chair with evangelical roots to listen, to learn, President, World Vision International WILLIAM PANNELL, Vice-Chair and to wrestle prayerfully with one of the Chairman of the Board, Youth for Christ most urgent issues facing humanity in our NORVAL HADLEY, Secretary time. All of us need the information, in- Founder, New Call to Peacemaking teraction, and inspiration that this gather- JOHN BRAY, Treasurer ing will provide." Senior Pastor, Pasadena Covenant Church Liz Nordquist, Co-Founder FRANK ALTON Evangelical Women's Caucus/SW Associate Pastor, Bel Air Presbyterian Church JOHN BERNBAUM Director of American Studies Program, Christian College Coalition "Many adults fear the future. Youth fear PAUL CEDAR there will be no future. We must do all we Senior Pastor, Lake Avenue Congregational Church, Pasadena GARY DEMAREST can to assure their future as persons, as well Senior Pastor, La Canada Presbyterian Church as, to present the gospel of eternal life. I'm ROBERT DUGAN Director, Office of Public Affairs, National Association of Evangelicals excited to be involved with these IRVING GARRISON distinguished colleagues struggling with Lay Leader, First United Methodist Church, Pasadena the deep issues connected with the nuclear VERNON GROUNDS President Emeritus, Conservative Baptist Theological Seminary threat." PETE HAMMOND Jay Kesler, President Director of Special Ministries, Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship Youth for Christ ROBERTA HESTENES Director and Assistant Professor of Christian Formation and "The statement of Jesus: 'Blessed are the Discipleship. Fuller Theological Seminary DAVID ALLAN HUBBARD peacemakers, for they shall be called the President, Fuller Theological Seminary children of God' suggests an interesting WALLACE JOHNSON President, Computer Code Consultants, Los Alamos condition qualifying the people of God. May 25-28, 1983 RUFUS JONES Those who profess faith in Christ ought to Executive Director, Social Action Commission, Pasadena, CA National Association of Evangelicals take seriously the theme of this BILL KALLIO Conference." Executive Director, Evangelicals for Social Action Richard C. Halverson, Chaplain RICHARD MOUW Professor of Philosophy, Calvin College United States Senate The F. BURTON NELSON Professor of Theology and Ethics, North Park Theological Seminary ELIZABETH NORDQUIST Co-Founder, Evangelical Women's Caucus/SW The Sponsoring Coalition: CHURCH JOHN PERKINS Founder and Minister-at-Large, Voice of Calvary Ministries Bel Air Presbyterian Church; Calvin College; Chris- tian College Coalition; Eternity Magazine; and WILLIAM PETERSEN Editor, Eternity Magazine Evangelicals for Social Action; First United Methodist SHAREE ROGERS Church, Pasadena; Fuller Theological Seminary; La PEACEMAKII Educational Consultant, San Gabriel Presbytery Canada Presbyterian Church; National Association of RONALD SIDER Evangelicals; New Call to Peacemaking; Pasadena President, Evangelicals for Social Action JIM WALLIS Covenant Church; Reformed Church in America; in the Editor, Sojourners Magazine Sojourners Magazine; Voice of Calvary Ministries; ROBERT WHITE Westmont College. Minister for Social Witness, Reformed Church in America NUCLEAR A DAVID WINTER President, Westmont College A Conference on Biblical Perspect C.P.N.A. 1539 East Howard Street Pasadena, California 91104 The Conference A Forum of Leading Workshops Evangelical Voices The Church Including - a national gathering of Christian believers JOHN STOTT War & Peace in the Bible committed to the Lordship of Jesus Christ, Director, London Institute for Contemporary Christ- First Strike Technology the authority of the Bible, and to living a life ianity. The Nature of the Soviet Threat of obedient discipleship in response to the ROBERTA HESTENES Eschatology and the Possibility of guidance of the Holy Spirit. Director and Assistant Professor of Christian Forma- Nuclear Holocaust tion and Discipleship, Fuller Theological Seminary and Peacemaking The Nuclear Nations VERNON GROUNDS President Emeritus, Conservative Baptist Theological Survey of Christian Views on War & Peace - a forum of leading evangelical voices, representing different Christian traditions, Seminary Weapons Systems: Technical Information embodying in redemptive dialogue the JIM WALLIS for the Layperson biblical call to be peacemakers. Editor, Sojourners Magazine Parenting for Peace and Justice WILLIAM PANNELL The Inner Life of Peace — an assembly of Christians struggling to res- Chairman of the Board, Youth for Christ; Director of pond to issues related to the nuclear arms The Medical Effects of Nuclear War Black Ministries and Associate Professor of race as a matter of faith in Jesus Christ. Evangelism, Fuller Theological Seminary Practical Options for Peacemaking in the Local Church in the Nuclear Age TIMOTHY SMITH Director of the Program in American Religious History, The Psychology of the Nuclear Age - an informative platform providing a these- The Johns Hopkins University Domestic Economics and the Military Budget are-the-facts approach to nuclear weapons RICHARD MOUW The Third World and Militarism development in the United States and the Professor of Philosophy, Calvin College Doctrine of Stewardship and the Arms Race world, educating Christians in the complex- ities of geo-politics, military-industrial TED ENGSTROM Racism and Defense Spending economics, and defense technologies. President, World Vision International Preaching Peace - an educational event giving focus to both JOHN PERKINS Jesus, Women and Peacemaking the biblical message and political realities Founder and Minister-at-Large, Voice of Calvary The Use of Spiritual Gifts in Peacemaking Ministries facing the Church in the present nuclear age. Waging Peace: Political Alternatives RON SIDER Associate Professor of Systematic Theology Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary I wish to sustain the work of the " The wisdom that comes from heaven is Other speakers to be announced! Conference with a: first of all pure; then peace loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, $ monthly commitment impartial and sincere. Peacemakers who $ sow in peace raise a harvest one-time-gift of righteousness." Make checks payable to C.P.N.A. and/or for more information contact: - James 3:17,18 C.P.N.A. 1539 E. Howard Street Pasadena, California 91104 (213) 797-4463 All contributions are tax deductible. Thank you! file - Preye- NEWS photo be Misum Kishida At 8:15 A.M., August 6, 1945, a single U.S. plane flew over Hiroshima, Japan, and dropped a single bomb-the first of the nuclear age. Evangelicals Jump with Both Feet into Debate on Nuclear Arms A controversial book published this month and a conference slated for next spring highlight the new momentum. Mushroom clouds have billowed on this month by a respected evangelical NAE'S Robert Dugan, and Sojourners the covers of news magazines and, publisher, InterVarsity Press. Ronald magazine editor Jim Wallis. Confer- increasingly, in the imaginations of Sider's and Richard Taylor's Nuclear ence speakers will include Wallis and millions of ordinary citizens world- Holocaust and Christian Hope is bibli- British evangelical John R. W. Stott. wide. The "wars and rumors of wars" cally grounded, something evangeli- Fuller graduates Susan Baldauf and Christ prophesied have always been cals like. But the authors' conclusions Charles Shelton were the spark plugs fearful, but the fear and rumor of -calling, among other things, for nu- for the May meeting. Baldauf said she nuclear war eclipses any foreboding clear disarmament and the building of expects up to 2,000 to attend the con- about "conventional" warfare. a nonmilitary defense system-will ference. They will receive a balanced The Fate of the Earth, an examina- not be so agreeable. offering of views on nuclear peace, tion of nuclear war's horror by a New Less provocative, but equally indica- Baldauf thinks, with lectures and testi- Yorker editor, is one of the year's most tive of growing evangelical concern, is monies coming from several Christian debated books. Antinuclear peace a conference planned for May, "The traditions. demonstrations have occurred interna- Church and Peacemaking in the Nu- The evangelical NAE'S cautious inter- tionally. In America, churches have clear Age--a Biblical Conference." est in the nuclear issue will likely be taken an active role in the nuclear The conference, which was sparked by reflected at its March 1983 annual disarmament movement. Roman Cath- two Fuller Theological Seminary grad- conference. Washington office re- olic bishops have denounced the arms uates, enjoys a broadly based conven- searcher Richard Cizik said "a lot of race. Several major Protestant denomi- ing board. It includes the National [President Reagan's] administration nations have endorsed a nuclear arms Association of Evangelicals (NAE), people are relying on conservative freeze. Evangelicals for Social Action, Eternity evangelicals to be a counterweight to Until now, however, evangelical magazine, and Calvin College. liberal church involvement in the nu- participation has been spotty and in- Ted Engstrom of World Vision clear freeze." Whether that is a legiti- distinct. That may be changing in up- chairs the meeting's board of directors, mate expectation may be debated at coming months. Sure to provoke dis- which also includes Inter-Varsity the NAE meeting. Cizik's perception is cussion is a book to be published late Christian Fellowship's Pete Hammond, that evangelicals are being courted 64 Brochere attached CHRISTIANITY TODAY from both sides and the outcome is points that Sider's and Taylor's book such reasonable probabilities in the difficult to predict. will stoke the fire. Nuclear Holocaust event of nuclear conflicts. Illustrating evangelical divergence and Christian Hope is not an irration- Noncombatant immunity. Just on the issue is NAE'S reaction to a ally passionate book. It is spare on the war entails protection of noncombat- September protest organized by Wall- garish nuclear devastation scenarios ants. Nuclear war would be indiscrim- is's Sojourners fellowship. For the that dominate so much of this bur- inate in its destruction. fourth consecutive year, Sojourners led geoning new genre, the nuclear holo- Proportionality. "The principle of a demonstration against an arms ex- caust literature. proportionality specifies that there hibit at a Washington, D.C., hotel. The writers are nonetheless clear must be a reasonable expectation that Evangelical support came from My- about their conclusions, and their con- the good results of the war will exceed ron Augsburger (pastor of Washing- clusions are controversial. Taylor (a the horrible evils involved," Sider and Quaker) and Sider (Mennonite Breth- Taylor note. "Obviously, if one or both ren) are both pacifists, but they take societies are destroyed in the process of the time to painstakingly ask if nuclear trying to restore right relationships war-and even armament buildup for between them, the means have lost all a possible nuclear war-is justifiable proportion to the ends." from that wider Christian tradition of The book goes on to argue that the the just war. Their answer is an un- consistent Christian must be a nuclear equivocal "no." pacifist and, if he wishes to be thor- Of the seven classic criteria of a just oughly consistent, a complete pacifist. war, Sider and Taylor find nuclear war But Taylor and Sider are not left-wing (even limited) defective on five points. extremists who believe the Soviet Nuclear war might meet the just war Union can do no wrong. They repeat- qualifications of last resort and just edly declare "Russian totalitarianism" cause, they believe, but it would vio- a "ghastly evil" and state a preference late the other qualifications: for bilateral disarmament. Right attitude. Just wars are to be The writers have a long-range vision UN Yuichiro Sasaki fought with the intention of restoring for disarmament of a new sort, justice. The theory of deterrence is "transarmament." Transarmament based on the hypothesis America would transfer "armament" to a Remains of wristwatch stopped by would retaliate against any nuclear "civilian-based defense," or a citizenry explosion. attack with its own nuclear attack. trained to resist invasion by nonviolent ton Community Fellowship), Douglas Revenge and retaliation, say Sider and means. That would include civil diso- Badger of the antiabortion Christian Taylor, have no place in the just war bedience and noncooperation in the Action Council, and charismatic lead- tradition. work force. er Tom Hess of Christian Restoration Prior declaration of war. Just wars Sider and Taylor cite several histori- Ministries. are supposed to be explicitly declared cal examples of such resistance and But NAE kept its distance from the by a legitimate authority. Nuclear war, argue that it is feasible for modern Washington protests, since its 3.5- by its very nature, is more likely to America. At any rate, they believe, million-member constituency includes occur unexpectedly, without declara- nuclear war would probably destroy historic peace denominations and tion. the very free and democratic structures those who support "peace through Reasonable hope of success. it was supposed to protect. strength." Promotional material for the "There must be a reasonable chance of Nuclear Holocaust and Christian demonstration this year equated mili- success" in the just war effort, the Hope follows an InterVarsity tradition tary defense with sin, stating, "It is a authors write, and "reasonable proba- of publishing significant, albeit contro- sin to build and threaten to use nuclear bility that the things for which one is versial, books. IVP editor James Sire weapons-a sin against God, against fighting will not be destroyed in the notes that when the press published God's children, and all of God's cre- process." They contend there are no Francis Schaeffer's The God Who Is ation." Cizik disagreed: "Evangelicals need Richard Taylor Ronald Sider to address the nuclear arms question, but we must make it clear that our concern for peacemaking is a result of NUCLEAR our evangelical faith and our commit- ment to a Christ who is divine and HOLOCAUST Scriptures that are authoritative." Working for peace is "not the essence of the gospel," he said, "but rather an essential by-product of the gospel." It is on such already hotly contested The book is likely to act as a lightning rod conducting wider evan- A Book for Christian Peacemakers gelical discussion. RONALD J.SIDER &RICHARD K.TAYLOR OCTOBER 8, 1982 65 There in 1968, it was seen as a work the New too friendly to high culture and unduly critical of the church. Yet now Schaeffer's writing is widely esteemed KingJames and finding a new readership in staunchly fundamentalist churches. Nuclear Holocaust will bring "an ersion awful lot of criticism now," Sire ad- mits, but in a few years will be consid- "The New King James ered tame. Version has lost nothing in Sider's previous book for IVP, Rich the process of the change; Christians in an Age of Hunger (1977) / think it has gained a great deal. / recommend the New King James also sparked widespread debate. Just Version without reservation the same, it has sold about 133,000 copies and convinced most readers Harard Linence that Sider's biblical commitment is in- disputable. Dr. Harold Lindsell Sire sees the publication of Nuclear Editor Emeritus Christianity Today Holocaust as a move "not terribly cou- Laguna Hills, California rageous. If we can't publish books of this sort then we're not doing our duty as a Christian publisher. It is not so The New King James Version is a Holy much an act of courage as an act of responsibility." scholarly revision which preserves the Bible Nuclear Holocaust is unusual for IVP lyric beauty, authority, and originally on some counts, however. At 372 intended meaning of the 1611 King pages, it is twice as lengthy as the James Version. The NEW King James Janes - is more readable and more average IVP title, and its pages are understandable for 20th century readers. embellished with diagrams and photo- Available now at bookstores everywhere. graphs, which increased the publish- er's typesetting costs. Those costs were Thomas Nelson eased, Sire adds, by an agreement with The World's Largest Bible Publisher the Roman Catholic Paulist Press to copublish 5,000 of the title's 20,000 copy print-run. Nuclear Holocaust is not the only Christian book to deal with the nuclear You're Over 1,000 Christian organiza- arms race issue. Since being published tions recruit their personnel in July of 1981, Dale Aukerman's through Intercristo All Darkening Valley (Seabury) has sold vocations All locations needed... 6,000 copies. Seabury considers sales 28,000 openings of 1,500 to 2,000 volumes good. Two Available right now. other Seabury titles on the subject have They need people, a combined sale of 8,000 copies. and we'll they need you now. Donald Kraybill's Facing Nuclear Intercristo can show War, just released by the Mennonite you which specific Herald Press, has gotten positive re- show you opportunities match views, especially within the historic your unique back- peace church tradition from which it ground, skills and comes. Nuclear Holocaust, on the interests. Contact us now to other hand, seeks to appeal to an where.. see where you're needed audience including but going beyond in a Christian organization. the historic peace churches. Back- cover blurbs from nonpacifist evangel- icals such as John Stott, Mark Hatfield, Helping God's People Please send me and Vernon Grounds are part of that Inter: Into God's Work - Worldwide information about how my skills and strategy. P.O. Box 33487 Seattle, WA 98133 abilities can be used Because of that, Taylor's and Sider's in a Christian (800) 426-1342 book is most likely to act as a lightning organization: rod conducting wider evangelical dis- NAME cussion on a grave topic that already ADDRESS has much of the public talking. Sider thinks many evangelicals will listen CITY because "they want to obey Scripture STATE ZIP and Jesus-even when it is costly." BETH SPRING and RODNEY CLAPP 66 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 1612 K Street, N.W. Suite 502 file Washington, D.C. 20006 November 22, 1982 Mr. Morton Blackwell The White House Washington, D.C. 20550 Dear Mr. Blackwell: I have never publicly disagreed with my colleagues in the Conservative Movement. I do think though that it is time a conservative stood up publicly to support the Clinch River Breeder Reactor before we make a serious and fatal mistake in judgment. In recent months an unusual coalition has come into being which seeks to halt the development of the United States' breeder reactor program. Publicly, this coalition states that its only target is the Clinch River Breeder Reactor, a Federal research and development project now beginning construction; however, many of the liberal members of this coalition desire to halt Clinch River as part of a broader effort to curb not only U.S. breeder technology but nuclear power, energy growth, and national defense programs in general. Perhaps unwittingly, respected conservative leaders and their organizations have allied themselves with such groups as Ralph Nader's Congress Watch, William Winpisinger's radical International Association of Machinists (IAM) and no-growth advocates like the Friends of the Earth and the Natural Re- sources Defense Council. Conservatives in Congress from Barry Goldwater to Gordon Humphrey have found themselves helping the likes of Ted Kennedy and Howard Metzenbaum attack a project which is essential to a secure supply of energy for America's future. Why have we suddenly attracted such strange bedfellows and joined with the liberal critics of Clinch River? Is it because we have turned against nuclear power? Is it for reasons of fiscal responsibility? Or, is it simply a childish and misguided way of getting back at Senate Republican leader Howard Baker no matter what the consequences? Mr. Morton Blackwell November 22, 1982 Page Two Logic and the preponderance of the evidence dictate that the sound conservative position is to support the completion of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor. Here, are some of the reasons why: -- If the United States is to maintain even a modest annual growth rate of 3 percent, we will have to double our electri- cal power capacity in 25 years. Breeder reactor technology, an essentially inexhaustible source of energy, is needed to help supply this increased capacity if we are to have economic growth without relying upon foreign energy sources. -- As the International Energy Agency recently warned, a new oil crisis may hit by the mid-1980's that would deal a "devastating blow" to the U.S. and other industrial nations. Such a prospect makes any effort to kill the Clinch River Breeder and thus cripple a readily available U.S. energy option the equivalent of committing national suicide. -- President Reagan is firmly committed to breeder reactor technology and the completion of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor. He states that Clinch River is "essen- tial to ensure our preparedness for longer-term nuclear power needs." -- President Jimmy Carter, beginning weeks after his inauguration in 1977, attempted to kill the project and succeeded in stalling construction work on Clinch River for more than four years. This short-sighted move is largely responsibile for driving the cost of CRBR from some $1.7 billion (when the contracts were let in 1974) to the current estimated figure of $3.6 billion. -- The Soviet Union, France, Japan, and other nations are moving ahead of the United States in breeder technology. How can conservatives, or even liberals for that matter, force the nation to withdraw from this competition at the expense of America's continued growth? -- The total cost of the Clinch River research and development project (now said to be $3.6 billion by the Energy Department) is dwarfed by the drain on taxpayers caused by the annual cost of such social welfare programs as food stamps. For example, food stamp handouts cost somewhere in the neighborhood of $11 billion in 1982 which is more than fifty times the amount spent on Clinch River in the same year. Furthermore, Clinch River dollars pro- vide jobs, not handouts. Mr. Morton Blackwell November 22, 1982 Page Three -- Contrary to environmentalist misstatements, the Clinch River Breeder Design is technologically up to date and con- tains features, such as its heterogeneous core, which have attracted the attention of German, British and other foreign breeder experts. Repeated assessments by the General Accounting Office, most recently supported by their July, 1982 report, have concluded that among "a wide range of knowledgeable industry, government and private individuals, no one we talked with was able to provide us with any specific facts indicating that components or design features were obsolete." -- After years of bureaucratic and regulatory delays, work has begun at the Clinch River site. Some 3,500 workers are already employed in 29 states and the District of Columbia, the plant design is 96% complete and about $900 million worth of components have been delivered or are on order. If cancelled now, the cost to the taxpayer would be $1.4 billion with nothing to show for it. -- According to Senator Jim McClure, "the opponents of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor have come up with false and phony rigged figures and then repeat them." Among other things, the revenues from CRBR are liberally estimated at more than $20 billion payable to the government over the 30 year life of the plant. This figure, developed by the Appropriations Committee, estimates 2% real growth in electricity prices. -- Many question why private utilities have not con- tributed more money to this plant. I would simply point out that the electric utilities, companies that are closely regulated by government, are limited in their financial ability to invest in a long-term research and development project. -- Professor Hans Bethe, a Nobel Prize Laureate, says that "once the breeder or a similar type of reactor is in place, the uranium in the U.S. will last for tens of thousands of years, at an affordable price. An inex- haustible energy source is as good as a renewable one." Finally, halting the Clinch River project now, just as construction is finally beginning, would be tragic and would place our country's economic future in the hands of the radical environmentalists and others who oppose economic growth. The G.A.O. put it best in its most recent report. Mr. Morton Blackwell November 22, 1982 Page Four Failure to construct Clinch River, it said, would "fore- close on the long-term future of a major energy option -- nuclear fission " More is at stake than simply the Clinch River Project. We must not allow ourselves to be duped into joining forces with Ralph Nader, the Nuclear Freeze Movement and IAM. We have all worked too hard and fought too many battles to allow the left-wing to use the Clinch River issue to break our ranks as well as encourage us to abandon our principles. Sincerely, DanielJ Paper Daniel J. Popeo THE TIMES TUESDAY DECEMBER 14 1982 file Nucleur freye 1881 H ЯЗММХО AGENUT IKREML IN SENDS KONGRATULATIONS trals that no soflog AUM war STARTS Airborne: An aircraft trailing a message for protesters at Greenham Common, Berkshire, while ground level placards speak at High Wycombe. (Photographs: Chris Gregory and Brian Harris). Polite demonstration for peace Protests spread to 'wartime' base By Rupert Morris Outside RAF Strike Com- The peace protesters in the with Major David Richmond, last night that voters who mand Headquarters at Naphill. fairly prosperous town. not the base, commander, but the wanted disarmament should near High Wycombe, Bucking- previously noted as arhoibed of commander does not speak to demand that Parliament makes hamshire, a day-long picket is politcal dissent, are polite and members of the public. the final decision on the siting stationed beside a caravan decent. They were as shocked as The Wycombe Peace Council of cruise missiles on British soil painted with anti-nuclear anyone to learn of the deface- has no more idea than anyone (Anthony Bevins writes). slogans. ment of Ministry of Defence else exactly where the Ameri- In a speech at the National Later this week students will property and denied doing it. cans intend to site their new Liberal Club, he said that the parade by torchlight from High Yesterday's protest was out- wartime headquarters. Until Commons had to reassert its Wycombe town centre to the side the gates of the USAF base news of the proposal broke last right to ensure that the United gates of the United States Air at Daws Hill, understood to week. the peace movement's States negotiated disarmament Force base at Daws Hill, on the house the computer control main attention had, been fo- with the Soviet Union while south side of town. Ministry of system for the cruise missile, cused on Naphill where an RAF preparing to deploy missiles. Defence property has been and lately rumoured to be the anti-nuclear bunker is being The common sense of the daubed with the insignia of the intended site of a reserve Nato built on land owned by the British people will not allow the Campaign for Nuclear Disarma- command war headquarters. National Trust. Soviet Union to get away with a ment. and Conservatives are A three-strong delegation Dr David Owen, deputy cosmetic negotiating position heing canvassed to join the from the Wycombe Peace parliamentary leader of the Wycombe Peace Council. Council demanded an interview Social Democratic Party. said Missile cuts analysis, page 5 Greenham Common peace protest broadcast in Soviet Uni tinued from page 1 protestors other women im- contact with each other's Mr Philip Dumville, the d with these weapons". mediately took their place. groups. Newbury Conservative agent A row was brewing yester- said yesterday: "Our" objections -ibed her treatment by About 1,000 women, police c. day after it was revealed that 20 are based on the fact that these estimate. spent Sunday night ie said she ran along the of the women camped outside women have no genüine resi- camped around the base and its Greenham Common have got dential qualifications in this with other women, then 16 gates. Police reported that, their names on the latest local constituency. down just before police just after dawn. a woman and prcycles approached the electoral register "A piece of plastic sheeting MOD policeman were slightly p coming close to, but not Officials of the Conservative can hardly be described as a injured. apparently as a lorry ally touching the women. was attempting toenter the base. Association at Newbury saw the permanent or secure home and said the police tended to be names on the draft electoral in any case they all have homes her with young women but All the organizers claimed register which was published to go to in other parts of the one officer did push her, yesterday that the number last month and yesterday country where their families 1g: "Go on there, grand- submitted 20 forms of objec- and belongings are". participating was probably clos- Throughout the day, as er to 2.000. Throughout the day, tion. which will mean a public A spokesman for the Elec- :e removed the bodies of organizers remained in radio inquiry. toral Registration Office at I покушова. 1801 The Soviet Union yesterday Newbury said: "An election presented the protest at the court will be held on December Greenham Common as evi- Tass reports estimated the 22 with the Returning Officer dence of firm European oppo- number of demonstrators as presiding and he will hear sition to Nato plans for the 35,000. evidence from both sides." deployment of Cruise and Pershing Two missiles (Richard Owen writes from Moscow). American omerais rerused to 20,000 IN confirm or deny reports that remarks as pathetic' saying a headquarters would be built that it was ridiculous for people at Daws Hill. site of houses to talk of a political conspiracy and schools for American Ser- within the CND. vice families. She said: Nothing could be further from the truth." MISSILE Reports from Washington indicated that, contrary to Of the protest, swirling around her, she said: earlier accounts, the existing American military headquarters This is an action where at Stuttgart in West Germany women want to be in the front will not move to Britain in time line with men in a support rôle. PROTEST of war. The headquarters This is a place men are not used would be transferred to the to occupying - supporting Nato military headquarters at women, looking after the kids Mons, Belgium. at home. That's where my hus- Women encircle band is today." Troop movements GND was well represented at the démonstration by women It has been stated that the including Mrs Helen John, High Wycombe post will, when newly elected to its national completed, be staffed by a hand- Cruise site council after being imprisoned ful of officers in peacetime. In for a week. She has advocated wartime several hundred sup- breaking the law if necessary [ port officers would be moved to stop the missiles. from Stuttgart to Britain. Their main task would be to Toys and- poems By HUGH DAVIES oversee the movement of men and equipment from the United. Yesterday's protest- was is A BOUT 20,000 unilateral nuclear dis- States to Europe to reinforce designed to be as peaceful as 1 the Nato forces. possible. Participants were armers, most of them women, yester- encouraged to tie toys and baby clothes to the wire and pin up day encircled the Ministry of Defence base ARRESTS AT photographs of children, poems i and cardboard tombstones bear- a at Greenham Common, Berks, where 96 ing the names of victims of TRIDENT DEMO United States Cruise missiles are due to be violence and war. Police made several arrests One poem began: We need based a year from now. when about 150 people demon- to close our eyes and lean back strated against Trident missiles against the sky. time to let a The women, many with toddlers in push- at a Polaris submarine base: at smile roll around our lips." chairs, clasped hands to form a human chain Faslane on the Clyde yesterday. Nearby a banner was more Protestors blocked the three strident: Stop US cruising to around the nine-mile perimeter fence. entrances to the base and catastrophe! police reinforcements were sent Two policemen manning the Men, including Mr Wedgwood Benn and from Glasgow to help local and main gate had their boots Ministry of Defence police. polished by members of the Mgr Bruce Kent, general secretary of the Anti-nuclear protestors. have so-called European Theatre been staging a peace camp on of War." an anti-nuclear group Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, were the main road near the base for of actors whose members used encouraged to keep a low profile and given a several months Continued on Back P, Col. special area in which DEMOS AT Oxford to protest. MISSILE PROTEST Daws Hill Male reporters, including High 40 BASES IN By HUGH DAVIES teams from Soviet television Continued from Page One Wycombe LONDON and PRAVDA were told to kitchen mops to wash down the Newbury Sawdyl Keep their distance. GERMANY Defence Ministry fencing. Huge cobwebs of coloured Reading The reporters were told cotton were knitted into the that if they came too close By MICHAEL FARR fence. The spiders web, with Greenham there would be non-violent in Bonn a tiny misslle trapped in its Common Aldershot action." But one woman threads. is the symbol of the shouted: "I will take your THOUSANDS of suppor- Peace Camp. trousers down." ters of West Germany's Police are preparing for less The organisers, 23 " Peace growing peace movement whimsical activity today when 0 Miles 25 Camp" women who have demonstrated vesterday at the women turn their so called served two weeks in prison after more than 40 military embrace of the base into a earlier protests at the base, bases, and in a number of full-scale blockade designed to said their intention was to illu- cities, to protest at Nato halt all activity. HQ 'WOULD strate the strength of anti- plans to Loy new Plans are afoot to confront nuclear feeling among the medium-range nuclear mis- American Servicemen physically women of Britain. siles in Europe. as they arrive for work from NOT ADD TO The theme was:. ".For cen- turies women have watched The protest, organised by the quarters outside the camp. men go off to war. Now women Association of Citizens' Initia- The Americans have already THREAT' have left home for peace." tives (B.B U). the anti-nuclear, been instructed to ignore the They came in their droves. Ecologist Green party, and protest and stare straight ahead By IAN BOYNE There were 200-coaches and, church groups, was held to as they pass. the Peace Camp mark the third anniversary: of women. at one point, the police, trying SETTING up an American desperately to cope with traffic Nato's decision to deploy the Crose and Pershing II missiles Every demonstrator arriving military command post vesterday from places as far if no eakthrough is schieved near High Wycombe would Nato niew and picture- in arms limitation talks: flung as Scotland, Denmark and West Germany was handed a not make the area a more P4; Editorial Comment West Germany is due to re- printed set of instructions on likely target for Russian -P14 ceive 96 Gruises and 108 Persh- how to act if arrested. attack. Mr Raymond Whit- ing II rockets from the end of 1983, The briefing document lists ney, Conservative M P for jams, asked thte BBC to The B BU said that about the kind of charges likely to be Wycombe, said yesterday. broadcast a warning to 5,000 people turned out yester- made. from obstructing the Mr Whitney a former First motorists to steer clear of the day for demonstrations, includ- highway, to a breach of the Secretary at the British Embasy area. ing 1.500 who participated in Official Secrets Act. n Peking was commenting on Demonstrators sang anti-war "blockades" at military Much of the strategy was reports that the U.S Air Force songs and many lit candles as installations. worked out at the recent Shef- base at Daws Hill has been the circle round the base was The Greens" in Munich field conference of the CND hosen as the site for a new completed to a huge shout of said that more than 10,000 where members with legal ex. leadquarters. Freedom.' people demonstrated through- perience were instructed to Hc said: "We already have Julie Christie, the actress, out Bavaria. make sure they acted only RS he RAF Strike Command stood beside a fence where observers in case their experi- somebody had erected a Go Union festival- cadquarters only a few miles ence was need to help arrested rom Daws Hill. so. as far as I home Yanks" poster. The weekend of protest women. m concerned. it will not make Mrs Joan Ruddock, Bennite began on, Saturday with-demon- The instructions urge women ny difference. chairman of CND stood strations in Dortmund, Düssel- to shout their names to the "The real point is that we nearby in the mud and angrily dorf. Hamburg, Frankfust and observers If arrested. rejected criticism of her just prevent war. Anything Würzburg. organisation by Mr Cecil Events today could affect a vhich means that the West's In Dortmund more than Parkinson, chairman of the vote tomorrow night at is meet- efence capabilities are in- 10,000 young trade unionists Conservative party. ing of Newbury District Council reased is something we must attended a festival against which has twice tried to evict Jn a weekend speech he II support." the missile deployment, and in the women from their Green- voiced concern at the number Würzburg. 13 people blocked CND campaign of Communist members of ham Common camp which was the entrunce to the beadquarters The reports about Daws Hill D, especially those involved of an American infantry divi. set up in September 1981. are expected to be followed in its controlling committee. sion by chaining themselves to A motion is to be debated it. calling for legal arrange- by protests by unilateral nuclear Matter of concern TherB BU said the weekend's ments for the provision of a disarmers some of whom are He stressed that he was not action should be a clear wasn- special site. similar to one already campaigning against Ministry of Defence plans to accusing CND of being & ing to the Government that the leased to protesters at Fasigne, build a £300 million under- Russian front organisation, but peace movement was deter- Scotland for the tempomary ground bunker on 12 acres of said it was a matter of con- mined to fight all preparatory use by peaceful protesters. National Trust land adjoining cern that the organisation measures for the deployment the Strike Command head- seemed 50 well financed, so of new nuclear weapons. well organised." Dec MUD AND 15 MOTHERS By BRIAN SILK THE 20.000 women who converged on the United States Air Force base at Greenham Com- mon vesterday found IRISH themselves slithering and sliding and nearly sinking in the mud as they strove to encircle the base. inally all hands were joined and the nine miles girdle was complete. The Americans were surrounded. he fact that there were no Americans to witness the triumph heing either away for the weekend or kept con- cealed deep inside the base did not seem to matter as squeals of delight ran along the wire. hose already wearing the shabby uniform of protest did Anti-nuclear demonstrators linking hands around Greenham Common air base and (below) the womer not mind the brambles in their hair and the mud on their clothes. he grey-haired lady in the Labour MP wants debate on soldier smart tweeds and brogues was also unconcerned as she sank almost to her knees in 'dismissed for belonging to CND' the bog. Hold my hand tightly Daphne." she said By Anthony Hevins. Political Correspondent softly. Pray with me for ommending him to any future Serviceman's conduct will be Mr Frank Field. Labour MP peace." for Birkenhead. is 10 press for a employer". assessd "exemplary" provided "his was a day to show what Commons debate on the case of But in a letter to Mr Field last no period has been spent in female power could do a soldier who was dismissed October Mr Jerry Wiggin, detention". against nuclear power. from the Army "because he Parliamentary Under-Secretary The minister also explains Male domination joined the Campaign for Nu. for the Armed Forces. said that why Mr Clare was refused Many brought husbands and the commanding officer had resettlement training. saying clear Disarmament". menfriends with them un- The serviceman. Mr Jeffrey over a period of time "observed that that is a privilege rather aware that this was also in- a lack of the required standard than a right for those with live tended to be a day of protest Clare. was given his discharge years' service. and 24 hours' notice 10 hand in of efficiency and motivation". against the male dominated Mr Clare's membership of "Those. however. who have society. his kit after seven years in the CND was known to his been dischared on the grounds The message was made clear Royal Artillery. because "his commanding officer "and was that their services are no longer to any men who dared to services were no longer re- no doubt part of the picture hc required - an administrative approach the demonstrators quired". gathered around th main built up of Mr Clarc's attitude method of discharging without gate of the base. Assessment of his military generally". stigma those who. in one way or No men allowed here barked conduct and characer. signed by But after further pressure another. have not measured up a tough looking guard who his commanding officer. said from Mr Field the minister has to the required standards are was barely recognisable as that his conduct was "cxeTp- now explained the terms of Mr not eligible to receive rescule- being of the appropriate lary". and his testimonial Clare's testimonial, which. hc ment training". gender herself. included the words "intelli- says. "goes, perhaps, somewhat Mr Wiggin has told Mr Field den were more welcome at the gent". "reliable" and "sober". farther than ('lare's record of that the soldier was not East Gate where they were His commanding officer said he military service would justify". discharged because of his CND assigned to running a crêche had "no hesitation in rec- Mr Wiggin says that any membership. for those children too young Women of all ages came from fence. for the expedition along the Linked hands circle Norway, Denmark, Sweden. America and West Germany by Any male not prepared to take car and coach, causing traffic on this duty was ordered from wire at Greenham delays of about's hour between the area. A notice gave the Newbury and the base five same instructions with the added emphasis of a four-leter miles away. word. By Judy Foreman The demonstrations marked 'hroughout the nine miles, the Tens of thousands of women the third anniversary of the the women but howed to their fence was decorated with from Britain and Europe gath- announcement that cruise miss- wishes by standing aside as the slogans. pictures, articles of ered around RAF Greenham iles would be sited in Britain. women linked arms. Dozens of children's clothing. quota- Common yesterday linking men minded children at creches Mr Peter Blaker. Minister of tions from such as President arms and "embracing the base" Carter and Descartes and one set up in tents at one of the State for the Armed Forces, said in a peaceful protest against the appeal for the sparing of gates. and distributed food and yesterday that the peace move- Wales from the holocaust by siting in 1983 of 96 American hot drinks: by early afternoon ments were playing into the cruise missiles. they had long since run out of hands of the Soviet Union making it a nuclear free zone. There were no arrests. police plastic cups. (Anthony Bevins writes). Sandwiched between a group of said. although as night fell About 300 women had slept Commenting on the aims of punk rockers and the site hundreds of women remained in the rain on Saturday night the Greenham Common dem- chosen by the English Collec- 10 prepare for today's attempt to near the base's No 8 gate. onstrators, he said: "We share tive of Prostitutes a more close the base. joining the small group of their horror of the consequences respectable woman, Mrs Anne Mrs Helen John. the Green- of nuclear war. But while they women who have been camping Armstrong from Weybridge, ham Common peace camp there for the past 15 months. can talk peace, we have to keep was placing her own per- organizer, said that the turn out it: we have to take the steps sonal display on the wire. was 31.000 people. A Newbury Despite an carly morning which we think are best Tennis programme police spokesman could neither downpour and a temperature of There were old programmes 40°F, by mid-morning the calculated to preserve the contirm nor deny this figure. peace". from the theatre and ballet, but said that number was women had begun decorating a The minister said that there couple from the Wimbledon considerably in excess of carlier the entire fence along the nine- was evidence of Soviet involve- tennis tournament and police estimates of 10.000- mile perimeter with balloons. another from a stately bome. pictures of their families, baby ment in the peace movements 12.000. You're supposed to put up "The day has gone hy very clothes and slogans for peace. of Europe. "I think that the Government things which mean a Int to peacefully except:the roads have Banners proclaiming "Take the you." she explained. This Toys Away from the Boys" recognizes that most of the been very badly congested". he people who support CND are is what I want to stop them said. epitomizd the spirit of the day. abosolutely genuine in their destroying: art. literature, the theatre and the ballet." Thousands of men supported Continued on page 2. col 6 concern", Mr Blaker said. "But I think it is right that it should Close by another woman was parked on a garden chair Minister says Russians be pointed out that the Soviet Union is delighted, it makes no blissfully breastfeeding her secret of it, at the activities of baby under a banner which said Wages for housework involved in protests the so-called peace movements campaign." in Western Europe, which, it Continued from page 1 Those new lo the camp found has been a tantastic day for the feels. are going to serve its it to be a place of extreme Mrs John said: "Incredible. It peace movement. I think its purposes. squalor. has been totally peaceful be- peacefulness and informality "I believe that they are Home for the campers was cause peace people are just like springs from the fact that it was actually harming the prospects half-a-dozen tents which that organized by women and the of peace. They are harming the no more than crumpled Miss Joan Ruddock. chairwo- majority of the participants prospects of getting agreed p.3yK strung man of the Campaign for Here women". disarmament by the Sovie: Disarmament said' "It 1 non as well as the West. tha: THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH DECEMBER 12, 1982 THE SUNDAY TIMES, 12 DECEMBER 1982 Women gather Labour plan to rein at atom base Tories to fight By DAVID ROSENBERG CND campaign in 'too Tory' spy men M R than them women, 15,000 people, a symbol of life - baby By Our Industrial clothes, photographs or Bowers Correspondent are expected to converge on - to hang on the wire fence. FORMER intelligence officers by Simon Freeman Greenham Common air base, Later the men accompanying Russia is giving large funds reacted angrily yesterday to them are planning to march to to the peace movement in Labour Party claims that Brit- and Barrie Penrose near Newbury, Berks, today, Aldermaston. A service for Europe, Mr Cecil Parkinson, the ain's two intelligence services, for a two-day demonstration pease will be held outside the Conservative party chairman, M15 and MI6, were simply an arm of the Conservative Party Another senior retired offi- against the deployment there gates. said yesterday. He gave a warn- and that both services regarded cer, who was a director-general next year of American ing that the priority for the of MIS; told The Sunday nuclear Cruise missiles. Tomorrow the women plan a Tories in the coming year must anyone left-of-centre as a non-violent blockade of the base be to counter the growing move- subversive and an enemy of Times: " Members of the Peace groups from all over to try to bring it to a standstill ment for unilateral nuclear dis- society Labour's attack on security services are quite able BMritain and abroad will join by stopping vehicles entering or armament. the two services is made in a to tell the difference between the 40 women who have spent leaving. Berkshire police have someone who is a left-winger 15 months in spartan conditions His speech, in Barnsley, re- confidential party report which cancelled all leave for two days. proposes radical changes in and someone who is subver- camped outside the front gates flected the increasing concern the way they operate and report sive. But what can we do of the base. Chief Inspector Nicholas in Government over the recent to the government. about it? We are attacked Last night the first arrivals Brecken of Newbury said: If upsurge in the Campaign for from all sides for either being from the United States and these women obstruct the Nuclear Disarmament and The report argues that intel- too weak or too severe." several European countries entrance to the base. we shall activity against the siting of ligence officers assu e be on hand to deal with them." cruise missiles. which are due were welcomed by the almost without question" that The Labour report-drawn to arrive in Britain towards the up by the party's 27-strong organisers in the marquees the Labour Party and the trade springing up on the mudbath Many of the Greenham Com- end of 1983. unions are dangerous and that security services study group, of a field outside the entrance. mon protesters served jail sen- Mr Parkinson stressed that the Conservatives are the which includes the Labour tences for refusing to be bound nuclear disanmament would be natural protectors of leader, Michael Foot, and the The Greenham Common over to keep the peace. women have slept there on uppermost on the political society". shadow home secretary. Roy Hattersley-has two key pro- mattresses on wooden planks, Although most of the pro- agenda next year. It was an But George Young, a former posals: for a Security Act covered in plastic sheets; since testers will return home issue which had a direct influ- deputy director of MI6, dis- the local council ordered them tonight, then rganisers hope ence on Britain's future, and it missed the allegations yester- which would, for the first time, to take down their tents. that between 3,000 and 4,000 must be a priority in the New day as nonsense. Young, who give M15 and M16 a statutory basis with well-defined but will remain for tomorow's Year to explain to the British Many of the demonstrators people the true facts. became a prominent Conser- vative after he left the intelli- limited power, and for an will be members of the Cam- blockade. Information and Privacy Act paign for Nuclear Disarmament, gence world, said "I would But they believé that the say that there was absolutely guaranteeing freedom of access which is enjoying its greatest authorities will try to defuse a to most government documents. support since the heady days of no political bias by MIS or MI6. possible confrontation by keep- the Aldermaston marches. If anything, most of my friends There are also plans to scrap ing transport movements to a were Labour-inclined." Many CND supporters spent minimum. the Official Secrets Act. yesterday helping the Green- It is understood that some of ham women with signposting the demonstrators may decide arrangements and crecting in- to start the blockade earlier formation and creche marquess. than planned to increase pres- The first coachloads of sure. demonstrators are expected to arrive shortly after dawn. The Greenham Common is due to women hope to ring the entire house 96 Cruise missiles from nine-mile perimeter of the base December next year. with a circle of demonstrators Peregrine Worsthorne: when holding hands. women make war for peace Each has been asked to bring How the West's Peace People wrong FOR MONTHS our television In Washington the Committee screens have carried images of As the Pentagon for National Security, led by Mr war and peace on the one hand, considers a new Paul Warnke, who negotiated ever more hideous weapons of fall-back military the SALT II Treaty and was mass destruction, sprouting like previously deputy Defence dragons' teeth from under- headquarters in Britain, Secretary, has recently made ground silos or from the depths DENIS HEALEY calls on sensible proposals along these of the ocean on the other, the West to revise its lines which would require thousands upon thousands of Russia to dismantle 100 SS 20s ordinary men and women policies both on and all the older SS4 and SSS demonstrating in the streets of disarmament and missiles, in return for America London, New York, Bonn, or defence.' not deploying the cruise and Amsterdam against an arms race Pershing II. Simultaneously which seems out of all control. America and Russia would It is not even a dialogue of the Britain out of NATO' and his freeze the number of their F111 deaf, simply a confrontation of emphasis on the need for CND and Backfire aircraft, and agree the death wish against the will to to demand concessions from the not to use other aircraft in their live-or so it seems. Even the Soviet bloc. It also explains the roles. NATO Council now recognises insistence by Monsignor Bruce If such an agreement could be THE OBSERVER that public hostility to its poli- Kent, General Secretary of DEC. 1982 reached in the INF negotiations cies will make 1983 the most CND, that the demand for a it could form a building block difficult year yet faced by the British non-nuclear defence for the negotiations on reducing alliance. CND has already policy is not a demand for strategic arms - indeed, it achieved the most impressive unilateral disarmament on the could provide the basis on which victory for single-issue politics part of Western Europe, but is to freeze all strategic weapons in recorded history. exactly a call for the reduction in while, negotiations proceed. Yet no government can afford nuclear weaponry.' The same Popular support for a nuclear to base its defence and foreign intuition lay behind the demand arms freeze is already spreading policies upon a single issue. It by Mr Robert McNamara and like wildfire in the United States other American statesmen of must take into account every and is a factor behind Congress- one of the major factors which impeccable qualifications that ional reluctance to support bear upon the prospects for war NATO should give up relying on the first use of nuclear President Reagan's MX pro- and peace. Opinion polls are gramme. bound to reflect the contradic- weapons. Meanwhile NATO should tions in public attitudes which are inevitable on questions Striking power move rapidly towards a strategy which makes the alliance no which arouse powerful emo- I believe it is urgently necess- longer dependent on the first tions. Party conferences may ary for the West to revise its use of nuclear weapons. General vote simultaneously by five to policies both on disarmament Rogers has already described one for Britain's continued and defence so as to take advan- one such strategy as requiring an membership of a nuclear all- tage of the opportunities now increase of only 1 per cent in iance and by two and a half to open. Otherwise both sides will spending already planned. In one for the denial of all nuclear soon be deploying new weapons fact few NATO countries are facilities for that alliance. which increase-hower irra- likely to meet their existing Governments must find some tionally the fear of a first- targets. But I believe a non- way of reconciling such strike and provoke a strategy of nuclear strategy would be poss- contradictions. launch-on-warning. Moreover, ible within existing spending, The Canadian Government, the difficulty of detecting cruise provided Germany agreed to for example, as the Opposition missiles by techniques currently defend its territory in depth, New Democratic Party points available and the impossibility and the Continental allies agreed out, while renouncing nuclear of knowing whether missiles are to organise reserves for local weapons for itself, has har- carrying nuclear warheads or defence as the European neu- boured US nuclear warheads conventional smart bombs' trals do already. For example, if since 1963, and now subsidises will make it very much more Germany adopted the Austrian the development in Canada of difficult to reach verifiable system she could mobilise eight components for America's agreements on arms control. million reserves-six times the nuclear cruise missile. The non- The stability of a military bal- number currently planned. nuclear Labour Governments of ance which has protected a Germany's reluctance to give Norway and Denmark com- generation of Europeans from up the strategy of forward mitted themselves to help war could be upset for good, and defence has hiherto prevented finance the installation of cruise the chances of replacing it by co- NATO from considering such and Pershing missiles in other operation on disarmament proposals. But Germany herself European countries. could be destroyed. has never provided the facilities Behind the public postures of That is why I think the all- needed for forward defence, and some extremists there is a grow- iance should rapidly revise its America's reported decision to ing recognition on both sides of present proposals on arms con- move her land headquarters the nuclear argument that trol. The International Institute from Stuttgart to Britain-her public opinion in the West, for Strategic Studies, generally naval headquarters is already combined with new features in accepted as the most reliable here-is proof enough that the the military balance between authority on the military bal- so-called forward strategy East and West, have created the ance, has recently estimated that would not prevent massive opportunity and the need to in strategic nuclear forces Soviet attacks deep inside West make rapid progress both tow- Russia and America are now Germany. ards disarmament and towards a roughly equal, and that when The fact is that the prospects non-nuclear strategy for British and French nuclear of arms control could be trans- NATO. If, however, either side forces are included, the Warsaw formed and Europe relieved of in the nuclear argument is par- Pact advantage in Europe is still the menace of nuclear war by alysed in its traditional postures, under two to one. The alliance's changes in Western policy or gives pride of place to dif- proposals for nuclear arms con- which are perfectly feasible. ferent objectives, whether the trol in Europe must therefore be Those who are concerned to defeat of Communism or the revised to treat nuclear armed give political effect to the grow- defeat of Capitalism, the oppor- aircraft and submarines as part ing revulsion against the nuclear tunities now open may never of the equation and take account arms race would do better to recur. of existing French and British concentrate their efforts on This intuition, it seems to me, nuclear forces - incidentally moving the alliance in this lies behind Mr E. P. Thomp- the proposed British Trident direction, rather than debating son's opposition to the recent force would have more striking whether it is better to be Red decision by CND to revive the power than all the Soviet SS-20s than dead. In the real world that slogan NATO out of Britain, put together. choice is not available

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Nuclear Freeze (6 of 16)

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collections	Records of the White House Office of Public Liaison (Reagan Administration) Morton Blackwell's Subject Files
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