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[Proposition One] - State Expenditure Limitation Initiative: A Survey of Possible Budget Reductions, 08/29/1973
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[Proposition One] - State Expenditure Limitation Initiative: A Survey of Possible Budget Reductions, 08/29/1973
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Reagan, Ronald: Gubernatorial Papers, 1966-74: Press Unit Folder Title: [Proposition One] - State Expenditure Limitation Initiative: A Survey of Possible Budget Reductions, 08/29/1973 Box: P38 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ THE STATE EXPENDITURE LIMITATION INITIATIVE-- A SURVEY OF POSSIBLE BUDGET REDUCTIONS AND TRANSFERS TO OBTAIN COMPLIANCE THROUGH 1977-78 AUGUST 29, 1973 LEGISLATIVE ANALYST STATE OF CALIFORNIA STATE CAPITOL, SACRAMENTO 73-16 THE STATE EXPENDITURE LIMITATION INITIATIVE-- A SURVEY OF POSSIBLE BUDGET REDUCTIONS AND TRANSFERS TO OBTAIN COMPLIANCE THROUGH 1977-78 August 29, 1973 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Determining the Expenditure Limitation 2 Composition of the 1973-74 Revenue Base 3 Projected Workload Expenditures 5 Expenditure Projection 1973-74 to 1977-78 Workload Basis (Table 1) 7 Determination of Expenditure Reductions Necessary Under the Initiative 9 Impact of the Governor's Initiative on Future State Expenditures (Table 2) 10 Basis for Developing List of Potential Reductions 11 Transfers to the Private Sector 11 Eliminate or Reduce the Functions 12 Permissive Local or Federal Assumption of Functions or Funding 13 Display of Total Potential Budget Reductions 13 Potential Budget Reductions Required in Order to Comply With Expenditure Limitation 1974-75 (Table 3) 14 Major Potential Reductions 15 Property Tax Relief 15 Reductions in Public School Support 16 Eliminate State Student Aid Subsidies for Private Institutions of Higher Education 17 Tuition at the State University and Colleges and the California Community Colleges 18 Page Major Potential Reductions (contd) Eliminate State Support for Noncredit Courses at the Community Colleges 19 Highway Funds 20 Capital Outlay 24 Regulation of Business 25 Consumer Affairs 28 Appendix A - State Expenditures Which can be Reduced in Order to Comply With Expenditure Limitation 30 INTRODUCTION You have asked us to suggest the manner in which the state's revenue and expenditure program may be affected by the passage of the Governor's proposed initiative next November and what areas of possible budget reduction could be considered by the Governor and Legislature. As you know, the major feature of the proposed initiative is the establishment of an expenditure limitation which will restrict state government expenditures to a percentage of the personal income of Californians. The "goal" of the initiative is to reduce expenditures over the years until they reach 7 percent of personal income. One of ourchief concerns has been that the reduction in state expenditures will have a principal effect of shifting costs to local government. For this reason we give special attention to those items where reductions would induce a minimum pressure to shift rather than reduce costs. This will be difficult of achievement inasmuch as two- thirds of the state budget is comprised of payments to local government and the $620 million which we see as the amount of savings called for in 1974-75 is equal to about 25 percent of state operations. The nature of these operations is such that reductions of 25 to 50 percent, as will be the effect in four years, is impractical. It should be made clear that we are not recommending these reductions under normal conditions. They are almost entirely items which we would recommend only if required by passage of the initiative and subject also to review of the alternative proposals which the budget will incorporate. Since the administration has proposed and is supporting -1- the initiative, it seems apparent that they must have in mind a series of reductions which is in far more complete form than what we can put together at this time. We will give great weight to those recommenda- tions when they are submitted. In order to assess the impact of these expenditure reductions on existing programs and policies as you have requested, we must first determine the expenditure limitation amount and compare that to estimated workload expenditures. DETERMINING THE EXPENDITURE LIMITATION Under the initiative, the expenditure limitation for 1974-75 will be derived through the application of the following formula to the appropriate data. 1974-75 (1973-74 Revenue ) 1974 Expenditure = ( - .001 ) X Personal Limit (1973 Personal Income ) Income In each future year, the ratio in the first year's formula is reduced by .001 until the ratio reaches 7 percent of personal income. At that point, the initiative authorizes the Legislature, by a two- thirds vote, to prevent the ratio from declining any further. This formula gives an extraordinary importance to the determina- tion of 1973-74 revenues because (1) the ratio established in the first year becomes the base for the expenditure limit in future years, and (2) it influences the length of time the limitation must be in effect before it reaches the "7 percent goal". (After the first year, however, the determination of the annual state revenue amount is irrelevant to the determination of the expenditure limitation amount because the ratio declines automatically each year by one-tenth of one percent.) -2- Three kinds of problems exist in determining the 1973-74 revenue amount as defined by the initiative. First is the problem of legal definition of "revenues". We do not know precisely what state receipts are to be included in calculating a base revenue amount under the initiative. Second is the problem of determining the tax base. Because the state budget contains a surplus in 1972-73 and 1973-74, the state has enacted a six months' sales tax reduction and a variable income tax credit for 1973. Under the initiative, some but not all of the changes contained in that statute will reduce 1973-74 revenues for the purpose of calculating the expenditure limitation. Third is the problem that no one knows what the economy will do. There could be a slowdown in late 1973 or in 1974 which will decrease 1973-74 revenues. COMPOSITION OF THE 1973-74 REVENUE BASE The Governor initially estimated the 1973-74 revenue limitation base at $9,759 million. He subsequently revised this to $9,316 million. In line with legal opinions, new legislation and other developments we have further adjusted the base downward by $831 million to $8,485 million as follows: -3- Millions Reasons Governor's revised estimate of the total base $9,316 1) Deductions made by the Legislative Analyst a) Vets Farm and Home Building Fund -293 Per Legislative Counsel opinion b) Water project income -107 Per Legislative Counsel opinion c) First year effect of Sec. 4 of Initiative does not 7-1/2 percent income contain a disclaimer to the tax credit in the revenue loss Initiative - 60 Sub-total--Reductions before any legislative changes in the revenue base $ -460 2) Deduction resulting from the adoption of SB 90-- 1973 Session a) Six-month sales tax postponement $ -316 b) Difference between 20 percent and variable 1973 income tax credits - 55 Per Legislative Counsel opinion Sub-total--Reductions from enactment of SB 90 -371 Total Deductions $ -831 Net revenue base for Governor's Initiative $8,485 -4- The exclusion of the veterans and water income will have only an insignificant impact on the reduction in state expenditures because both the revenues and their related expenditures are excluded from our calcula- tions. These exclusions, however, do have a significant impact on the length of time the Governor's expenditure limitation would be in effect before it reaches the 7 percent "goal." Using the Governor's estimated base of $9.3 billion results in a ratio of 8.35 percent of personal income, and with this starting point it would take 14 years to reduce the ratio below 7 percent. However, the exclusion of about $400 million in veterans and water income reduces the time the declining limitation would be in effect by about four years. The other reductions noted above, such as the sales tax and personal income tax changes, further reduce the base to the point where only six years will be required to reach the 7 percent floor because the 1973-74 starting ratio, using a $8,485 million net revenue base, is 7.60 percent. PROJECTED WORKLOAD EXPENDITURES Table 1 shows total projected workload expenditures, including certain nongovernmental cost funds, increasing from $9,226 million in 1973-74 to $12,301 million in 1977-78. We have also included in the projection the estimated effect of Chapter 209 Statutes of 1973 (SB 6) in the education category. The total cost of this legislation is estimated at $87.6 million in 1973-74. It was assumed in preparing these projections that there will be a continuation of strong economic activity during this period with a gradual tapering off becoming more apparent by 1977-78. -5- It is emphasized that these are workload projections and the separate program categories are anticipated to grow at divergent rates based on various demographic, economic (including inflationary price pressures) and other workload factors as they affect each program. There are a number of other variables that could significantly alter the projections. For instance in the Social Welfare category, potential state costs resulting from HR 1 (P.L. 92-603) are estimated as $110 million per year after 1973-74. This amount is about the mid- point in a range of possible costs. Further federal reductions in grants-in-aid programs could also alter state costs. -6- Table 1 Expenditure Projection 1973-74 to 1977-78 Workload Basis (In Millions) Projection 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 Factor Education Fixed by Constitution $ 946 $ 952 $ 958 $ 964 $ 970 $ +6 million/1 Fixed by Statute /2 1,283 1,388 1,502 1,625 1,758 8.2% Budget Act 263 279 295 313 332 6% Subtotal $ 2,492 $ 2,619 $ 2,755 $ 2,902 $ 3,060 Higher Education Budget Act $ 862 $ 918 $ 978 $ 1,041 $ 1,109 6.5% Debt Service Fixed by Constitution $ 175 $ 186 $ 197 $ 209 $ 222 6% Social Welfare Fixed by Statute $ 665 $ 718 $ 776 $ 838 $ 905 8% Budget Act 129 139 150 162 175 8% Potential HR 1 Cost 57 110 110 110 110 Subtotal $ 851 $ 967 $ 1,036 $ 1,110 $ 1,190 Various Department of Health Budget Act $ 1,078 $ 1,164 $ 1,257 $ 1,382 $ 1,538 Various Corrections and Youth Authority Budget Act $ 220 $ 233 $ 247 $ 262 $ 278 6% Property Tax Relief Fixed by Constitution $ 277 $ 285 $ 294 $ 303 $ 312 Fixed by Statute 698 752 782 816 849 } Various Subtotal $ 975 $ 1,037 $ 1,076 $ 1,119 $ 1,161 Shared Revenues Fixed by Statute $ 737 $ 774 $ 812 $ 852 $ 894 5% Public Works Fixed by Statute $ 501 $ 526 $ 552 $ 580 $ 609 5% Salary Increases Budget Act $ 217 $ 337 $ 464 $ 575 $ 669 (Yearly increases) (120) (127) (111) ( 94) Various New Legislation : $ 50 $ 100 $ 150 $ 200 $+50 million/1 Other Fixed by Statute $ 56 $ 60 $ 64 $ 68 $ 73 7% Budget Act 1,009 1,005 1,075 1,150 1,231 Various Subtotal $ 1,065 $ 1,065 $ 1,139 $ 1,218 $ 1,304 Total Governmental Cost Funds $ 9,173 $ 9,876 $10,613 $11,400 $12,234 Nongovernmental Cost Funds 53 56 60 63 67 6% Overall Total $ 9,226 $.9,932 $10.673 $11,463 $12.301 7.4 Amount per year. -7- 12 Includes cost of Chapter 209/1973(SI 6) The expenditure programs in Table 1 are categorized into three program types: (1) those in which expenditures are fixed by the Constitution, (2) those fixed by continuing statutory authority, and (3) those subject to the Budget Act or other legislation each year. The 8.2 percent growth rate projected for that portion by the education category fixed by statute results mainly from the provisions of Chapter 1406, Statutes of 1972 which provides increased state founda- tion program support with annual adjustments based on statewide assessed valuation. Higher education is projected at 6.5 percent reflecting the strong inflationary tendencies present in all categories and a slight increase in student enrollment. The projected growth rate in Social Welfare is a result of several factors, including the liberalization of HR 1 eligibility requirements for the disabled, an increase in caseload, especially in the unemployed category, a continuing inflationary trend and a projected economic slow- down toward the end of the period. The projected growth rate for the Department of Health varies from 8 percent to 9.5 percent. This projection is based primarily upon an increase in the Medi-Cal caseload for the nonfederally eligible and a continuing rise in the medical component of the cost-of-living index. The 6 percent annual growth rate projected for the Department of Corrections and the Youth Authority is again a result of increasing prices as well as increases in the inmate populations. -8- For salaries (including both General Fund and special fund categories) we have projected average increases of 6 percent in 1974-75 and 1975-76, a 5 percent increase in 1976-77 and a 4 percent increase in 1977-78. If the full 1973-74 salary increase, now before the Cost-of- Living Council, is not granted, the expenditure base will be reduced accordingly. However, any reduction would be added to the 1974-75 salary requirements. DETERMINATION OF EXPENDITURE REDUCTIONS NECESSARY UNDER THE INITIATIVE If you compare the expenditure limits under the initiative to the workload expenditure projections shown in Table 1, you find that in order to comply with the initiative it will be necessary to reduce state expenditures significantly. Table 2 makes this comparison and shows that the following reductions will be necessary: 1974-75 $ 620 million 1975-76 $ 718 million 1976-77 $ 877 million 1977-78 $1,366 million The reduction of $1,366 million in 1977-78 is disproportionately high because of the termination of federal revenue sharing. This five- year appropriation may be continued, of course, and this would reduce the necessity for reductions by about $250 million. -9- Table 2 Impact of the Governor's Initiative on Future State Expenditures (Amounts in Millions) California Governor's Federal Other Estimated Required Personal Limitation Revenue Excluded Total Workload Expenditure Fiscal Year Income Percentage Amount Sharing /1 Revenues /1 Revenues Expenditures Reductions 1973-74 $ 111,616 7.60% $ 8,485 $ 231 $ 93 $ 8,809 $ 9,226 -- 1974-75 120,018 7.50 9,003 215 94 9,312 9,932 $- 620 1975-76 130,045 7.40 9,626 232 97 9,955 10,673 - 718 1976-77 141,180 7.30 10,309 175 102 10,586 11,463 - 877 1977-78 150,367 7.20 10,829 -- 106 10,935 12,301 -1,366 -10- /1 The initiative does not limit expenditures which can be made from certain kinds of revenue, including federal funds, retirement funds, unemployment funds and income of the University of California and the State University and College systems. BASIS FOR DEVELOPING LIST OF POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS When faced with the task of reducing expenditures in the magnitude forced by the initiative, it is tempting to simply make arbitrary across- the-board cuts. However, we believe such an approach is not responsible budgeting and that any reductions should be made on the basis of priorities following a careful examination of all programs. We have reviewed the items in the 1973-74 budget to determine where reductions of the magnitude necessary to comply with the initiative could best be absorbed and have the least injurious effects on services rendered to the public by state government. In making our review we found the potential reductions fell logically into the following three categories: 1. Transfers to the Private Sector 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption of Functions or Funding We have classified the potential reductions into these three categories in Appendix A on page 30 entitled "State Expenditures Which Could be Reduced in Order to Comply with Expenditure Limitation." This appendix displays, in detail, the major potential reductions for the 1974-75 fiscal year. It includes comments on each potential reduction, explanations of how the reduction would be applied, its impact, and the advantages or disadvantages of its inclusion. Transfers to the Private Sector. A basic premise of the initiative is that state expenditures should be reduced and that certain functions might more properly be performed by local or federal governmental agencies (at their option), by the private sector (at its option), or perhaps -11- should not be performed or financed at all. An example of potential transfers to the private sector would be most boards and commissions within the Department of Consumer Affairs. They fall into a quasi- governmental category because they exist primarily to license and regulate particular commercial and occupational groups. In the context of this assignment, these boards and commissions could be converted into private corporations, funded from private fees, but assigned the responsibility for regulating these quasi-government activities. This procedure would remove these expenditures from state budget totals but would permit the activity to continue under public control. Some activities, such as liquor pricing using the police power of the state, could be removed for the private sector to deal with. Other transfers to the private sector could include: establish- ment of tuition charges at the California State University and Colleges and at the California Community Colleges, reduction of scholarships to persons attending private institutions and, in general, establishment of fee structures designed to pay more fully for services rendered, e.g., state park entrance fees. These suggested reductions are discussed in following sections and in the appendix of this report. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions. This category of reductions includes functions which, under the expenditure reduction assumption, might be reconsidered as inappropriate state expenditures. In general, these are the newly established programs such as senior citizens' tax relief, renters' tax relief, expanded correctional programs and, in education, public library assistance, certain services provided through -12- the County School Service Fund, Miller-Unruh Reading Program, State Compensatory Education Program and Early Childhood Program. These suggested reductions are discussed in the following sections and in the appendix of this report. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption of Functions or Funding. This category of reductions includes functions which could be taken over by other governmental jurisdictions such as the assumption of a portion of the funding for the state highway system to local entities as discussed subsequently. Display of Total Potential Budget Reductions. The three categories of potential budget reductions are shown in Table 3. The reductions are separated into the major state budget classifications for a total potential reduction of $785.6 million and detailed reductions are shown in the Appendix. It should be emphasized that these suggestions are displayed to show the great impact this magnitude of reductions would have upon all phases of agriculture, business and industry, as well as government, in California. Each recommendation should be carefully examined to determine its long-range implications and the statutory changes required for its implementation. In many cases these reductions could be accomplished efficiently; however, in other instances transitional problems could be most severe. -13- Table 3 Potential Budget Reductions Required In Order to Comply with Expenditure Limitation 1974-75 (3) (1) (2) Permissive Assumption Transfer to Eliminate or of Function Private Sector Reduce Function or Funding Total General Government $ 3,095,097 $ 628,180 $ 26,415,992 $ 30,139,269 Property Tax Relief - 59,000,000 - 59,000,000 . Agriculture and Services 18,251,748 25,353,783 - 43,605,531 1/ Business and Transportation 16,104,684 91,155,363 30,514,084 137,774,131 Resources 10,746,200 4,650,000 27,000,000 42,396,200 Health and Welfare 886,000 3,629,258 - 4,515,258 Education 4,000,000 133,000,000 18,000,000 155,000,000 Higher Education 145,488,800 3,710,030 - 149,198,830 Capital Outlay - - 164,000,000 164,000,000 Totals $198,572,529 $321,126,614 $265,930,076 $785,629,219 This does not include $456.9 million to shift 68 percent of state highway system (and corresponding CHP responsibilities) to local entities. This potential reduc- tion could be phased in to relieve scheduled termination of federal revenue sharing in 1977-78. -14- MAJOR POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS The following several pages describe the more significant potential reductions. They expand the explanation given in the extensive list of reductions contained in the Appendix. PROPERTY TAX RELIEF The initiative requires that if there are any reductions in the homeowners' exemption or business inventory exemption reimbursements to local government, the expenditure limit shall be reduced by an equal amount. Therefore, no reduction in these two programs is considered here. However, there are two tax relief programs which can be reduced without affecting the expenditure limitation. They are: (1) the Renters' Tax Relief Program enacted in Chapter 1406, Statutes of 1972 which will provide tax refunds to renters ranging from $25 to $45 beginning in 1974, and (2) the Senior Citizens' Property Tax Assistance Program which provides partial property tax reimbursement to homeowners over age 62 according to their income. Renters' Tax Relief Program. This program was established to provide renters tax relief offsetting the sales tax increase enacted in Chapter 1406. Annual disbursements which are a mixture of personal income tax credits ($70 million) and direct refunds ($40 million) will total an estimated $110 million during 1973-74. We believe it is reasonable to consider elimination of this program in 1974-75 (which will reduce state expenditures by about $41 million) because revenue reductions which will ultimately result from the Governor's initiative will eliminate the basis for the enactment of tax relief to renters. -15- Senior Citizens' Property Tax Relief Program. The present program grants property tax assistance according to a sliding schedule of house- hold income. Assistance ranges from 96 percent of property taxes paid on incomes below $1,400 to 4 percent on incomes between $9,500 and $10,000. We suggest the following changes in this program which will reduce state assistance by $18 million in 1974-75: (1) Reduce the household income limitation upon which assistance is based from $10,000 to $6,000. This change will reduce the number of claimants from 300,000 to 200,000. (2) Change the schedule of assistance SO that persons with incomes between $5,800 and $6,000 receive assistance equal to 4 percent of property taxes paid rather than 32 percent. The levels of income upon which 50 percent assistance is provided is reduced from $5,200 to $4,200. REDUCTIONS IN PUBLIC SCHOOL SUPPORT Any significant expenditure reductions imposed by the expenditure limitation plan would probably require substantial reductions from public school support. Section 9a of the initiative precludes reducing expendi- tures for the school property tax roll-back in Chapter 1406 of 1972 (SB 90) but this section does not appear to preclude reductions in other sub- ventions for education. SB 90 authorized an estimated $561 million in increased state support to public school districts in 1974-75 including local property tax roll-back as well as new programs. On the basis of the last in, first out concept of reducing expenditures, that portion of SB 90 funding not identified as property tax roll-back should be considered for reduction. -16- This consists of new program funds for compensatory and early childhood education totaling $107 million in 1973-74 increasing to $122 million in 1974-75. Reduction of these funds ($82 million for compensatory education and $40 million for early childhood education) could be considered for reduction on the basis that these are new programs that could be halted with the least amount of disruption to existing school district programs. In addition to the program increases in SB 90, other potential program reductions could be considered from the $19.2 million of other categorical aid (e.g., Miller-Unruh Reading Program) and $10.8 million of existing compensatory education programs. We do not suggest serious consideration of these and have not included these in the totals. ELIMINATE STATE STUDENT AID SUBSIDIES FOR PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION The Governor's initiative encourages reductions in state expendi- tures if private enterprise provides duplicating services. Several state funded student aid programs provide indirect subsidies to private institutions of higher education and one program provides a direct subsidy through contract. Because average student aid award levels for public institutions are less than those at private institutions, any reduction or elimination of awards for students attending private institutions would generate expenditure reductions. Four programs administered by the State Scholarship and Loan Commission provide substantial subsidies to private institutions. They are: (1) State Scholarship Program, (2) Graduate Fellowship Program, (3) College Opportunity Grant Program, and (4) Medical Student Contract Program. By phasing out awards to students attending private institutions -17- beginning in 1974-75, students currently enrolled could continue their education without penalty. As a result of this proposal savings would tend to increase each year for a period of about four years and be approximately four times the amount of the 1974-75 estimate. This proposal would save approximately $5.5 million in 1974-75 if legislation eliminated the contract program and aid programs to students attending private institutions. It is assumed the same number of awards would still be granted but restricted to public institutions. Some additional state operating costs have also been assumed since many of the students who would have attended private institutions under the aid programs would be diverted to public institutions. TUITION AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGES AND THE CALIFORNIA COMMUNITY COLLEGES Consideration might be given to establishment of an annual tuition of $200 per FTE student at the State University and Colleges and $100 per FTE student at the community colleges. The University of California initiated a resident tuition charge (educational fee) in 1970-71. This charge for undergraduate students is $300 annually. The State University and Colleges and the community colleges do not impose a resident tuition. This represents a difference in policy between the segments. In addition to resident tuition other mandatory fees are charged resident students. The University has a registration fee of $300 and the State University and Colleges has a materials and service fee of $118. The proposed tuition would result in total charges as follows: -18- Existing Proposed Tuition Total Fees Tuition Total Fees University $300 $600 $300 $600 State University and Colleges -- 118 200 318 Community Colleges -- --- 100 100 The estimates of the dollar amounts to be generated from the increased tuition are maximum amounts without offsets for increased student aid needs, dropouts, diversion from the State University and College system to the community colleges, etc. Assuming no change in projected enrollments a $200 fee at the CSUC system administered on a graduated scale similar to the existing materials and service fee would generate revenue of about $56 million in 1974-75. A $100 fee at the community colleges for credit courses administered on a per unit basis would generate an estimated $65 million in 1974-75 as an offset to state support. We would suggest this proposal as a viable method of reducing state spending but consideration should be given to the increased student aid needs which would require recognition and would offset part of these savings. ELIMINATE STATE SUPPORT FOR NONCREDIT COURSES AT THE COMMUNITY COLLEGES Students in "ungraded" classes (classes which carry no grade level designation and award no credit units) constituted 23 percent of the total community college enrollment of 922,000 in 1972-73. This enrollment is converted to ADA for which the state apportions support funds. These courses are similar in nature to the extension programs conducted at the University of California and the State University and Colleges on a self- supporting student fee basis. -19- This proposal would eliminate state support for courses which are noncredit and do not contribute to certificate and/or degree programs. These programs could continue as self-supporting fee programs. Existing law allows community colleges to charge tuition up to the full cost of instruction less state support for these ungraded courses attended by defined adults (students 21 or older enrolled in 10 class hours or less) with exceptions related to citizenship courses and elementary and high school diplomas. This authority could be extended to regular students taking these courses. This proposal would save an estimated $18 million in 1974-75 if this ADA were eliminated from the apportionments. HIGHWAY FUNDS Historically, expenditures of state highway users taxes for highway purposes have been dependent largely upon decisions made at the federal level relative to allocations from the Federal Highway Trust Fund. Until this month, with the approval of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973, the highest priority for road expenditures was for the federal Interstate Highway Program. In addition, previous federal highway legislation has been drafted in such a manner that state highway authorities have been given virtual control for all federal highway fund expenditures. However, the 1973 federal highway act in many ways appears to mark the beginning of a philosophy on the part of the federal government which is similar to its philosophy for the distribution of funds for public transportation purposes, i.e., local entities determine project priorities and receive funds directly from the federal government. The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973 not only provided, for the first time, a trust fund diversion -20- of at least $800 million for public transportation projects but also reduced proposed expenditures for the Interstate Highway Program by approximately one-half ($4+ billion to $2.7 billion). In addition, a number of new programs were initiated for urban areas which will give local government control over a large portion of federal revenues which previously would have been controlled by the state. The above shift in federal policy will have a marked effect relative to the expenditure of state highway users taxes in that a large degree of flexibility will exist in policy decisions relating to what level of government can determine transportation priorities and at the same time there will be sufficient funding to make project plans a reality. Until recently, transportation priorities have been determined largely by the State Division of Highways, whether or not a road project served a state, regional, or local purpose. This is caused by the fact that the department controlled the vast majority of all of the federal and state fiscal resources by virtue of state policy and/or federal regulations. On April 24, 1972, the Department of Public Works issued a report entitled "1971 Section 256 Report and California Continuing Functional Classification Study Report." This report was a result of a two-year study that was conducted by the department as required by a federal mandate. The purpose of the report was to examine the entire road system of the state and to classify such roads by means of designating the travel purposes of a given segment of road rather than designating roads simply in terms of whether a road was part of a state system of roads or a local system of roads. -21- In the report it is stated that, while the state highway system contains 16,100 miles of roadway, only 5,100 miles serve a statewide purpose and the remaining 11,000 miles should be delegated to the most responsive level of government. While in past years other regional transportation studies conducted by different entities have suggested the same conclusion, i.e., a large portion of the state highway system does not serve a state or national interest, local entities have not been in a position to assume responsibility for roads that truly serve local or regional interests because of the limited availability of funds to defray the expense of accepting such a responsibility. In light of the department's 1972 study and the apparent change in federal philosophy, the state must be in a position to effectively provide services that represent state needs and at the same time provide local government with a revenue source with which to defray the expenses associated with the acceptance of responsibility for providing facilities which serve local purposes. While local government cannot be expected to accept in the 1974-75 fiscal year a major portion of such road responsibility, the required policy decisions and necessary statutory changes could be consummated by the 1977-78 fiscal year. Assuming the adoption of the suggested potential reduction in state highway expenditures in the 1974-75 fiscal year of $90,654,700 (see Appendix A, page 58), state expenditures of state users taxes (excluding all federal funding) would approximate $536.8 million during the 1977-78 fiscal year. If the local governments were able to assume the suggested responsibility for roads during the 1977-78 fiscal year, an expenditure reduction of state funds of approximately $365.1 million -22- could be experienced at the state level (see Appendix A, page 59). This reduction would result in the termination of about 12,000 state employees, an unknown portion of which would be absorbed by local governments. In effect, 68 percent of the current state highway system would be assumed by designated local entities. In order to provide the applicable local entities sufficient funding to defray this increased expenditure requirement, approximately 2.6 cents per gallon of the seven cents per gallon fuel excise tax now imposed by the state could be imposed at the local level. During the 1977-78 fiscal year approximately $364 million in such revenues would be made available. Even assuming no growth in federal apportionments now received by the state, at least $80 million in federal highway users taxes could be assumed by local entities from a total of approximately $378 million per year now received by the state for expenditure. The latter could be accomplished under existing federal law and not hinder the ability of the state to construct and maintain its 5,100 miles of highways using and matching the balance of available federal funds. In conjunction with the proposed assumption of responsibility for a portion of the state's present road system by local entities, a corresponding expenditure reduction could be made in the 1977-78 budget of the California Highway Patrol in the amount of $91,850,000 by having cities and counties assume the responsibility for patrolling these local roads (see Appendix A, page 57). This reduction in state funding would result in the termination of about 4,000 highway patrol personnel, both uniform and nonuniform. The termination of 16,000 state employees (12,000 in Public Works and 4,000 in the Highway Patrol) could cause severe individual relocation problems even if all were absorbed by local governments. -23- CAPITAL OUTLAY Capital outlay appropriations, under terms of the initiative, are counted toward the expenditure limitation when appropriated. However, expenditures from bond funds are not counted toward the limitation. Hence, in order to maximize expenditures all future capital outlay projects, except those from the Motor Vehicle Account in the State Transportation Fund and special funds specifically excluded from the expenditure limitation, i.e., Fish and Game Preservation Fund, could be funded by bond programs. Under this policy, expenditures could be reduced in 1974-75 in the following manner. This bond program would affect projects normally funded by the General Fund, the Capital Outlay Fund for Public Higher Education/1 and other miscellaneous special funds. Our estimate for 1974-75 appropriations from these sources assumes the same level of construction effort with an increase in construction costs of 7 percent. Hence, a total of $150 million could be funded by bond programs thereby decreasing projected 1974-75 expenditures by that amount. It must be pointed out that this method of financing requires $57.7 million in added interest cost for every $100 million of bonds issued, assuming 20-year maturity with average redemption of 10.5 years, and a 5.5 percent average interest rate. Thus, although it would comply with initiative-mandated expendi- ture reductions, it would add to total state costs. /1 Oil royalties in the Capital Outlay Fund for Public Higher Education may be interpreted as sale of real property and thus excluded by the initiative. -24- The last several budget acts have included appropriations from the Education Fee Fund (tuition) for capital outlay projects at the University of California. These funds are not included in the budget total and are excluded from the expenditure limitation. The University could use these funds to offset the state appropriation for the operating budget and replace capital outlay programs with state bond funds. Increasing the 1973-74 appropriation from this source by 7 percent provides for a reduction of $14 million in 1974-75. The total reduction contained in these two elements therefore would be $164 million. REGULATION OF BUSINESS Within the structure of California state government, a number of departments are involved in the regulation of various business activities. Included in this category are the following departments: Banking, Savings and Loan, Corporations, Insurance and Real Estate. Each depart- ment has numerous statutory responsibilities which are intended to provide the mechanism to regulate and supervise the practices peculiar to each kind of business activity. Specific suggestions for removing funding and control of these business activities from state government follow: Banking. Consideration might be given to establishing an agency independent from state government to assume those responsibilities currently assigned by statute to the Departments of Banking and Savings and Loan. This private corporation could be patterned in some respects after the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and designated the California Banking Board. As a private corporation, the members of which are state appointees, the body could be empowered to levy assessments on all participating banks and savings and loan associations. This would provide funding required to carry out the statutory responsibilities which would be assigned to the board. -25- As a publically appointed and controlled body the public policy associated with regulation could be carried out with funds which are nonpublic. Such a system would require very careful attention to establishing adequate regulatory authority and monitoring and reporting of actions. It is not a desirable situation, but the magnitude of special fund money spent for regulation by agencies such as the Banking and Savings and Loan Departments makes this an appropriate area for consideration. Corporations. The actions related to the regulation of certain corporate activities in California could be delegated to an independent agency (which could be established as a private corporation). Such a body which we believe should be designated the California Corporations Commission could be given statutory powers to levy assessments against all designated corporations in order to establish funding for its regulatory activities. Additional authority to appoint public members would establish a governing body (the commission) responsible for administering the laws and regulations pertaining to California corporations. In the Appendix we identify the level of funding for activities related to the Department of Corporations. Corporate activities performed by the Secretary of State are also designated for removal from the state budget and transferred to the proposed California Corporations Commission. Insurance. Regulation of insurance is the only interstate business which is wholly under the states rather than the federal govern- ment. As a California industry, its worth is estimated at $8 billion. -26- With the adventy of the Equity Funding fraud and pending legislation before the Congress relative to no-fault automobile insurance, it may be that the federal government will take steps to regulate the insurance industry. In the absence of federal regulation, we suggest that a California Insurance Commission be established similar in nature to that regarding corporations. It is assumed that such a public member commission would take over most responsibilities relative to state regulation, licensing and auditing of insurance companies. A require- ment that audits of insurance companies by private Certified Public Accountant firms be made available to the commission for examination could lessen the field examination requirements. There is no question that regulation of the insurance industry is required. In our judgment, federal regulation is preferable to the independent "commission" approach discussed above. The tax collection function of the Department of Insurance could be transferred to appropriate state tax agencies. Real Estate. With regard to the business activities associated with real estate, we suggest reducing only that portion of state funds associated with education and research in the field of real estate. The Department of Real Estate is not recommended for elimination as a state government entity because of its activities in (1) the licensing of real estate agents and brokers, (2) the setting of minimum standards for offerings of subdivided properties, and (3) the regulation of real estate securities and real estate syndicate securities. -27- Summary. The state level of funding for the Departments of Banking, Savings and Loan, Insurance and Corporations is currently budgeted at $12,775,439 for the 1973-74 fiscal year. If we assume that 90 percent of the responsibility for business activities of these departments should rest with the independent agencies, the level of state support for the total operation would be about $1.3 million. CONSUMER AFFAIRS The existing Department of Consumer Affairs (formerly the Department of Professional and Vocational Standards) is comprised of boards and bureaus which have the statutory objective of regulating various occupational groups. Licensing and enforcement of laws, rules and regulations are the primary function of these member boards and bureaus, each operating from a special fund. Chapter 1394, Statutes of 1970 (which established the department) defined objectives and authorized activities which significantly broadened the department's responsibility and functions in the field of consumer affairs. In the Appendix we suggest that funds which support the majority of the boards and bureaus be eliminated from the state budget. In lieu of state regulation, we believe that each of these groups could establish a self-regulating body (similar to the State Bar) which would perform the licensing and regulatory activities currently performed by the boards and bureaus. Substantial statutory changes would be required to establish these independent agencies and specific powers and self-regulatory responsibilities of each professional and/or business related function -28- must be precisely delegated by the Legislature. These agencies can be structured as private corporations with support from private funds. Enabling legislation should clearly define the responsibilities of these agencies and provide the policy guidelines within which each professional or vocational group would function. We have not included removal from the structure of state govern- ment the State Athletic Commission, the Board of Guide Dogs for the Blind, the Bureau of Automotive Repair, the Board of Medical Examiners, the Contractor State License Board or the Bureau of Home Furnishings. Because the public (consumers) interest must be protected, we propose that a Department of Consumer Affairs remain in state government to oversee the activities of these independent agencies. Under this arrangement, the state would not license or regulate the various groups but rather work (in conjunction with local government consumer protection agencies) to provide a mechanism to prevent abuses initiated by members of professional or vocational groups. A staff of investigators would be required to provide statewide support to local consumer protection units and to initiate action against abuses which occur on a statewide basis. We suggest that approximately $1 million could be appropriated from the General Fund for operation of this department. -29- APPENDIX A STATE EXPENDITURES WHICH CAN BE REDUCED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH EXPENDITURE LIMITATION Categories** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption of the Functions or Funding Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 get Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction Justice (1) Investigative 1 $ 821,549 $ 1,133,887 General The state could abandon its Services (Crime plan to develop a statewide Laboratories) system of criminalistic laboratories, which will cost more than $3.0 million annually in 1976 when federal support expires. As is largely now the practice, thes services would be provided by the private sector or local law enforcement agencies. (2) Criminal 3 16,390,051 17,373,454 General Many of the Criminal Justice Identification and and Information System (CJIS) Information State functions could be left to the Trans- federal government. The porta- National Crime Information tion Center, which is maintained by the Federal Bureau of In- vestigation, also maintains files of fingerprints, criminal histories, stolen property, guns, stolen vehicles and wanted persons. The files are maintained on a national basis to serve law enforcement agencies throughout the country. Other activities such as the California Law Enforce- ment Telecommunications System (CLETS) would probably need to to be continued by the Department. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 2-43 Commission on Peace Peace Officer 2 $14,574,630 $8,996,000* Peace Elimination of the total Officer Standards and Training or 3 Officer program would reduce Training Train- state expenditures by ap- ing proximately $14.6 million annually. This program could function with substantial reductions of expenditures in all program elements. The commission could save approximately $6,325,000 annually by re- ducing reimbursements to localities for training of peace officers from 100 to 50 percent. The commission raised the reimbursement rate from 50 to 100 percent on July 1, 1971 to reduce fund surplus. * The lower expenditure level for the 1974-75 fiscal year reflects the fact that the balance in the fund is not sufficient to continue the 100 percent reimbursement rate to localities for peace officers training and will necessitate an, as yet, undeter- mined rate reduction. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 idget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments :em Reduction 60 Secretary of State Corporate Filings: 1 $1,040,011 $1,102,412 General Establish a nonprofit, private Filing functions corporation to manage the func- in the areas of tions of the Secretary of State acticles of pertaining to establishing incorporation and corporations. Adjust corporate other corporate- filing fees to enable this non- related actions; profit private corporation to annual statements be self-sufficient. (Current of corporate officers fees generate more than suffi- and addresses; cient revenue.) Other func- trademark registra- tions of the Secretary of tion and other State's corporate filings pro- miscellaneous gram could then be absorbed business-related by the Secretary of State filings with remaining resources. 50 Secretary of State Uniform Commercial 1 615,847 652,798 General Eliminate functions. If Code: the private financial sector Filing of specified requires such a function it can types of financ- establish one itself. For ing statements example, the Retail Credit and federal and Association was established state tax liens. privately to maintain credit Enables lenders to data on individuals. check out prospec- tive borrowers for purposes of business loans. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 1. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 idget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 0.1 Secretary of State Corporate 2 $3,000 $3,180 General Eliminate the function. Checklist: There is no statutory Office provides requirement for this service. a checklist to corporate attorneys for use in submitting corporate-related documents to the office. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding udget 1974-75 Department Function ** tem 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction 63 State Treasurer District Securities 1 $190,000 $206,000 General Private financial consulting Division. firms could perform project and bonding evaluation ser- vices. There would be no increase in local cost be- cause the present General Fund cost is fully offset by fees. 76 Board of Pilot Commis- 3 $43,904 $46,538 Board of Permit determination sioners for the Bays of Pilot by local government. San Francisco, San Pablo Commiss- and Suisun ioners' Special Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 idget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments :em Reduction 31 Senior Citizens' Property Provides up to 96 2 $62,000,000 $18,000,000 General Reduce income ceiling from Tax Assistance Program percent assistance $10,000 to $6,000 with 50 in payment of prop- percent level of property tax erty taxes to per- assistance changed from $5,200 sons over 62 years to $4,000. of age with incomes less than $10,000 85 Renters' Tax Relief Provides refunds 2 $40,000,000 $41,000,000 General Revenue reductions mandated of $25 to $45 to by the Governor's initiative individual renters eliminate necessity of pro- to offset sales viding continued sales tax tax increase enacted relief to renters. Revenues in Chapter 1406, will also increase $70 millior Statutes of 1972. annually as a result of the elimination of the renters' personal income tax credit. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 110 Tax Relief Administra- Allocates to de- tion partments for costs associated with administration of tax relief pro- visions of Chapter 1406. Franchise Tax Board Renters' Tax Relief 2 $472,000 $500,000 General Administrative cost reduction reflects program elimination. State Controller Renters' Tax Relief 2 $90,000 $95,000 General Administrative cost reduction reflects program elimination. -37- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction Food and Agriculture Control and Eradi- 1 $ 2,656,000 $ 2,656,000 General Benefiting industry pays part cation of Plant of costs now. Shift costs Pests and Diseases fully to industry or give industry the control function. Food and Agriculture Nursery Service 1 $ 283,000 $ 283,000 Agricul- Drop as state activity. To be tural conducted by industry. Food and Agriculture Seed Potato 1 $ 92,000 $ 92,000 Agricul- Same as above. Certification tural Food and Agriculture Commercial Ferti- 1 $ 388,000 $ 388,000 Agricul- Same as above. lizer Control tural Food and Agriculture Seed Service 1 $ 54,000 $ 54,000 Agricul- Same as above. tural Food and Agriculture Market News 1&2 $ 1,045,000 $ 1,045,000 General Drop as state activity, fund by fees, or transfer to in- dustry. Food and Agriculture Milk Marketing 1&2 $ 3,138,000 Future reduction Agricul- Drop as state activity or tural transfer to industry. (Subject to further study on extent of curtailment of activity) Food and Agriculture Exclusion and De- 2 $ 2,140,000 $ 1,000,000 General Reduce border inspection tection of Plant work. Pests and Plant Diseases. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 dget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 13 Food and Agriculture Supervision of 2 $ 310,000 $ 310,000 Fair & Eliminate administrative cost Local Fairs Expo. for subventions to local fair below. o Food and Agriculture Subventions to 2 $8,000,000 $8,000,000 Fair & Eliminate subventions to tem Local Fairs Expo. local fairs for support and (Business and capital outlay. Professions Code, Sections 19622- 19630). -29- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 117 Department of Commerce Promotes business 1 $752,000 $800,000 General The department's three pro- and industrial grams, (1) the promotion of growth. business and industrial growth (2) the expansion of export trade, and (3) the promotion of tourism are a direct ser- vice to the private business sector and should be the re- sponsibility of the State Chamber of Commerce and in- dustrial trade groups. 118 Museum of Science and Public education 1 $1,200,000 $1,275,000 General Located in Exposition Park in Industry of Science and Los Angeles County this Industry. Museum could become self- supporting from a combination of private endowments and the institution of an excludable entrance fee. -40- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction Department of Licensing, regula- It is proposed that the Consumer Affairs tion, investiga- following boards and bureaus tion, protection within the Department of of consumer Consumer Affairs be interest in member eliminated from the state boards and budget. Statutory changes bureaus listed would be required to below. establish these various professional or vocational 119 State Board of 1 $535,441 $602,527 Account- groups as independent private Accountancy ancy or public agencies which in the latter case, would be supported from fees. 120 California State Board 1 183,752 194,777 Califor- of Architectural Exam- nia iners State To protect the consumer Board of interest on a statewide Architec- basis, we suggest that a tural reconstituted Department of Examiners Consumer Affairs be established and supported by an appropriation of $1 123 State Board of Barber 1 448,539 475,451 State million from the General Fund. Examiners Board of This state agency would Barber work with local governmental Examiners consumer protection units and also deal with abuses and 124 Cemetery Board 1 92,261 97,797 Cemetery fraudulent activities of the various groups which occur 125 Bureau of Collection and 1 238,176 252,467 Collec- on a statewide scale. Investigative Services tion Agency See page 28 for a 126 Bureau of Collection and detailed discussion of Investigative Services 1 215,897 228,850 Private proposals related to consumer Investi- affairs. gator & Adjuster Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction Department of Consumer Affairs (Continued) 128 State Board of 1 $938,030 $994,312 Board of Cosmetology Cosmeto- logy's Contin- gent 129 State Board of Dry 1 436,435 462,621 Dry Cleaners Cleaners 130 Bureau of Employment 1 286,057 303,220 Bureau Agencies of Em- ployment Agencies 131 State Board of Funeral 1 154,126 163,374 State Directors and Embalmers Funeral Directors and Embalmers 132 State Board of 1 49,060 52,004 Geology Registration for Geologists 35 California State Board 1 50,531 53,563 State of Landscape Architects Board of Landscape Architects Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction Department of Consumer Affairs (Continued) 136 Nurses' Registry 1 $ 11,405 $ 12,089 Nurses' Registry 137 State Board of 1 768,702 814,824 Profess- Registration for ional Professional Engineers Engineers I 138 Bureau of Repair Services 1 484,454 513,521 Repair Services 139 Certified Shorthand 1 69,508 73,678 Shorthand Reporters Board Reporters 140 Structural Pest Control 1 566,755 600,760 Struc- Board tural Pest (Includes healing arts Control boards - Items 248-261) 248 Board of Behavioral 1 188,246 199,541 Behaviorall Science Examiners of the Science State of California Examiners 249 Board of Chiropractic 1 135,014 143,115 State Examiners Board of Chiro- practic Examiners -A3- Categories ** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding udget 1974-75 Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund tem Comments Reduction Department of Consumer Affairs (Continued) 250 Board of Dental 1 $406,963 $431,381 State Examiners of California Dentistry 252 Board of Medical 1 79,716 84,499 Physical Examiners of the State of California Therapy 253 Board of Medical 1 88,842 94,173 Hearing Examiners of the State Aid of California Dispen- sers 254 State Board of 1 99,252 105,207 Nursing Examiners of Nursing Home Home Administrator's Adminis- trators State License Examining Board 255 California Board of 1 884,379 937,442 Calif. Nursing Education and Board of Nurse Registration Nursing Education and Nurse Regis- tration Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction Department of Consumer Affairs (Continued) 256 State Board of Optometry 1 $ 94,796 $100,484 State Optometry 257 Board of Osteopathic 1 16,809 17,818 Contin- Examiners of the State gent of California Fund of the Board of Osteo- pathic Examiners 258 California State Board 1 815,091 863,996 Pharmacy of Pharmacy Board Contin- gent 259 Board of Examiners in 1 107,219 113,652 Board of Veterinary Medicine Veterin- ary Examiners Contin- gent 60 Board of Vocational 1 552,621 553,978 Vocational Nurse and Psychiatric Nurse & Technician Examiners of Psychia- the State of California tric Technic- ian Exa- miners' Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction Department of Consumer Affairs (Continued) 261 Board of Vocational 1 $121,434 $128,720 Vocational Nurse and Psychiatric Nurse & Technician Examiners of Psychia- the State of California tric Technician Examiners Subtotal for Consumer Affairs $9,669,841 Support for reconstituted Department of Consumer Affairs -1,000,000 Net Reduction $8,669,841 Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 146 Franchise Tax Board Administration of 2 $1,330,000 $470,000 General Reduce administrative cost of Senior Citizens' Senior Citizens' Property Tax Property Tax Assistance Program resulting Assistance Program from reducing the income ceiling from $10,000 to $6,000 The number of claimants is re- duced from 300,000 to 200,000. _17_ Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 147 General Services Reviewing proposed 1 $ 42,658 $ 45,217 General OAC provides staff support building code regu- to the Building Standards lations and hearing Commission. Transfer to appeals from con- private sector. struction industry. 150 General Services Printing for state 2 $ 558,229 $ 591,723 Service Amount represents a five agencies Revolv- percent reduction in agency ing printing estimated to total Printing $11,164,589 in 1973-74. 150 General Services Printing for 2 $ 260,507 $ 276,137 Service Amount represents a five Legislature Revolv- percent reduction in legis- ing lative printing estimated Printing to total $5,210,142 in 1973-74. (Original source is Item 11 for legislative printing.) Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 54 Industrial Relations (1) Conciliation 1 $ 408,841 $ 433,371 General Labor relations specialists Services in the private sector could assume this function on a fee basis. (2) Apprenticeship 2 1,863,434 1,975,240 General Labor and management in the Standards private sector could assume all responsibilities for apprenticeship training and program development. In terms of program accomplish- ment and need, this is a low priority activity for state involvement. (3) Industrial 2 5,083,368 5,388,370 General This program could be elim- Safety nated since the federal government, through the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, has preempted states in industrial safety and health activities and permits states to ad- minister such programs only in compliance with federal standards as reflected in an "approved" state plan. The federal government pays up to 50 percent of the costs of administering such plans. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 155 Industrial Relations Workmen's Benefits 1 $2,368,225 $2,510,319 General The workmen's compensation for Subsequent insurance industry or pri- Injuries vate employers could assume the responsibility for workmen's compensation benefits for handicapped persons who sustain further injury. The state could require all employers to cover in their basic work- men's compensation insur- ance policies employees who have sustained a prior, permanent disability. FO Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 63 Veterans' Affairs Educational As- 2 $2,085,100 $2,085,100 General This program could be reduced sistance to Veter- or eliminated, thereby having ans' Dependents veterans' dependents compete for scholarships on the same basis as other students. Children of veterans, who are 100% disabled or who died of service connected injuries, receive federal educational benefits. Veterans' Affairs Veterans' Home and 2 4,569,536 4,757,213 General Either close this institution Hospital or 3 or increase care fees to eliminate state support. Feder: and private institutions could assume these functions. Fund- ing is currently derived as follows: General Fund 50% Federal Funds 27% Fees 23% 55 Veterans' Affairs Subvention to 2 500,000 500,000 General This item could be eliminated. County Veterans' It represents approximately Service Offices 18 percent of County Veterans' Service Office expenses. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction Alcoholic Beverage Shared Revenues 2 $13,450,000 $11,700,000 Alcohol- or 3 The Department of ABC collects Control ic Bev- various fees, approximately erage $5.8 million of which goes Control directly into the General Fund and $15 million into the ABC Fund. This latter fund is divided by statutory formula 90 percent to counties and cities and 10 percent to the General Fund. This 90 per- cent subvention ($13,450,000) could be eliminated and the related fee dropped or the licensing function could be transferred to local govern- ment and they could be given the power to levy and collect the fees. This revenue would be adequate to pay for the licensing function. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction 3-69 State Banking Department (Local Agency 3 $ 35,000 $ 37,100 General Authorize local governments Security) and to perform functions now Administration of State performed by the State Bank- county, city, and Banking ing Department. district funds by depository banks (state and national) State Banking Certification 2 3,000 3,180 State Eliminate state certification of Securities Banking of securities. Supervision of 7 1,823,947 1,933,383 State Major responsibilities of the state-chartered Banking State Banking Department could banks and trust be transferred to an indepen- companies dent agency patterned after (in some respects) the Federal Reserve Board. On page 25 , we discuss the organization of such an agency which we have designated the California Banking Board. Corporations Regulation of 1 3,693,641 3,918,259 General Establish a California Corpor- Security transac- ationsCommission to regulate tions, franchises, security transactions and and administration provide general corporate sur- of the Lender- veillance. Empower commission Fiduciary Law to levey assessments from corporations sufficient to carry out statutory responsi- bilities. (See page 26 for additional information) Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 172 Department of Housing, Inspection of mobile- 1 $2,450,000 $2,600,000 General Privately operated indepen- Division of Codes and home manufacturers dent inspection agencies Standards factory-built could be licensed by the housing. state to perform inspection functions. 2 Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 73 Insurance Regulation of 1 $4,046,315 $4,289,094 General In the absence of fed- 1,000 insurance eral regulation of the and title companies insurance industry, a and 125,000 California Insurance agents and brokers Commission should be establish- ed with the power to levy assessments on the industry in order to support required licensing and regulatory activities. (See page 26 for additional information.) 174 Riot and Civil Subsidize insurance 2 200,000 200,000 General This program should be Disorders Insurance industry in provide deleted. The state should ing riot and civil not subsidize the insurance disorders Insur- industry. ance. 176 Real Estate Education and 2 570,041 297,483 Real Eliminate that portion of the research in real Estate fund which is used for estate Educa- education of real estate tion brokers and the advancement Research of research and teaching and in the field of real estate. Recovery Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 get Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction Savings and Loan Examination of 1 $1,509,533 $1,600,105 Savings Establish a nonprofit private savings and loan and Loan corporation to regulate the associations Inspec- Department of Savings and Loan tion and Department of Banking activities (See page 25 for additional information.) This board can be patterned after the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board in some respects. Appraisal of real 1 735,821 779,970 Savings estate loans made and Loan by savings and Inspec- loan associations tion Administration 1 928,182 983,873 Savings and Loan Inspec- tion Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 idget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 184 California Highway Selective deploy- 3 $ 17,714,136 $18,776,984 Motor The assumption of this func- Patrol (CHP) ment of traffic Vehicle tion could be left to local officers on the Account, authorities which would result county road State in a budget reduction for CHP system Trans- of $18,776,984 starting in porta- 1974-75. tion Fund Traffic supervision 3 107,284,056 See Comments Motor In conjunction with the and services on Vehicle Highway Fund proposed, a the State Highway Account, portion of this responsibil- System State ity could be assumed by Trans- local authorities starting porta- in 1977-78. This repre- tion sents a budget reduction Fund for CHP of $91,850,000 starting in 1977-78. (See page 20 for further dis- cussion.) Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction N/A Department of 1) Maintenance of 2 $ 1,880,000 $ 700,000 State Potential reduction in non- Transportation Roadside Rests Highway essential functions are net Account of reimbursements if any. A 2) Maintenance of 16,850,000 14,000,000 reduction of $90,654,700 in Landscaping & the 1974-75 fiscal year could Functional be balanced with a reduction Planting of three-fourths cents per gallon of the seven cents per 3) Highway Planting 11,500,000 12,075,000 gallon fuel excise tax. During the 1974-75 fiscal 4) Functional 10,250,000 10,762,500 year approximately Betterments $90,564,000 would be saved by a three-quarter cent 5) Roadside Rests 1,500,000 1,575,000 reduction in the excise tax. 6) Contingencies 28,500,000 29,925,000 Local Assistance: 7) Matching Funds 4,107,000 4,312,350 (Federal aid Secondary Roads) 8) Subvention 5,027,000 5,278,350 (Federal aid Secondary-Urban Extension) 9) Grade Crossing 16,930,000 12,026,500 Projects TOTAL $96,544,000 $90,654,700 Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction N/A Department of Administrative- 3 $909.4 million See Comments State Based upon projected trends Transportation Construction Highway in federal financial aid Maintenance of Account and recommendations State Highway contained in April 24, 1972 System Department of Public Works rpt. a potential expenditure reduction of approximately $365.1 million could be accomplished during the 1977-78 fiscal year. This would involve a transfer of responsibility to local entities over a portion of the present state highway system. Revenue required to defray the $365.1 million additional cost could be provided through the transfer of taxing authority from the state to local government. The latter would involve a reduction in fuel excise tax imposed by the state in the amount of 2.60 cents per gallon and the imposition of the excise tax at the local level. During the 1977-78 fiscal year approximately $364 million in revenues would be generated. (See page 20 for detail). This transfer of function and funding could be implemented in addition to the expenditure and revenue reduction at the state level during 1974-75. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 194 Tahoe Regional Planning and Regu- 2 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 General Eliminate support for Planning Agency lating Development interstate agency. in Tahoe Basin 199 Air Resources Board Basic support 3 $2,348,000 $2,000,000 General Eliminate this subvention to local air pollution districts. 202 Air Resources Board Subvention for 2 $4,600,000 $4,600,000 General Substitute exempted state control of air revenues in Environmental pollution Protection Program Fund for General Fund support to finance overhead costs, land-use planning, etc. 206 Conservation Payments to Cal- 1 $ 34,200 $ 34,200 General Eliminate payment to Tech for one-half private school. their operating cost for seismo- graph network -09- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 206 Conservation Fire suppression 1 0 0 General Initiate timber severance tax and 20 cents per hundred assessment on state responsibility lands to produce $14,200,000 to cover future year cost increases. (See report on Revenue Sources to support new role for Division of Forestry, by Legislative Analyst). 27 Parks & Recreation Support Budget 1 $24,520,000 9,000,000 General Increase user fees to make the program more self- supporting (currently about 40%). Increase fees another $9,000,000 to provide 100% self-support in 1976-77. 34 Water Resources Watermaster 1 $269,000 $269,000 General Administration and half the service and admin- program costs to be paid by, istration or services done by, beneficiaries who are holders of water rights. Water Resources Supervision of 1 $1,443,000 $1,443,000 General Increase fees to make Safety of Dams inspections and evaluation services self-supporting. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction 34 Water Resources Tidelands oil 3 $25,000,000 $25,000,000 Calif. Determine that this money ont. ) revenues used for Water is exempt as a sale of an State Water Project Fund asset (oil) or transfer Construction the money from the California Water Fund to the General Fund and require water service contractors to advance funds to complete construction of State Water Project. -62- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments tem Reduction 281 Corrections (1) Parole 2 307,425 338,168 General Delete 25.5 positions authoriz ed for 1973-74 to reduce the conventional parole caseload. The Legislature approved one- half of the originally request ed 51 new positions to reduce the caseload from 1:68 to 1:50 (2) Parole 2 1,231,757 1,354,933 General The low caseload (1:33) in the work unit program has not demonstrated a level of succes commensurate with its costs an could be eliminated. (continued) -63- Categories ** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 281 Corrections (3) Release funds 2 $1,424,280 $1,652,165 General Gate money could be reduced Contd.) for parolees from $200 per releasee to $68 as authorized prior to 1973-74 (4) Camp Program 2 71,011 78,112 General Delete eight new security posi tions approved for conserva- tion camps. (The Legislature deleted 7 of a requested 15 such positions.) Since their inception, these were 80-man camps which operated with six correctional personnel plus Division of Forestry personnel However, in 1971-72, the de- partment reduced the inmate population to 60 and administr tively added an additional office at each of 15 camps. Due to the reduction of individual camp capacity and the demonstrated ability of the department to operate with but the additional position. (continued) -64- Categories ** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 281 Corrections (5) Institutional 2 $ 187,164 $ 205,880 General Delete 19 stationary firemen Contd.) Staffing and engineers. These new civil service positions were approved at this session to replace inmates who have traditionally operated the boiler plants. The departmen contended that population re- duction restricted the number of minimum inmates available for this service. However, the recent and continuing population increas should alleviate this problem -65- Categories ** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 293 California Hospital Preparation of a 1 $ 886,000 $ 886,000 Calif. The functions of this Commission uniform hospital Hospi- commission could be admin- accounting system tal istered through a private and the provision Commis- nonprofit organization of other account- sion under the supervision of ing services to the hospital industry. improve the The California Hospital efficiency and Commission Fund is currently effectiveness of supported through fees hospital services. levied against all hospitals, except federal hospitals, within the state. -yy- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to . Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction -- Education Public School 2 $107,000,000 $122,000,000 General Halt new programs authorized Support in SB 90 for compensatory education on the basis that it would be less disruptive than reducing established programs. (For further discussion see page 16 ). -67- Categories ** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction Education County School 2 $10,000,000 $10,000,000 General In our 1971 study of the Service Fund - County Superintendent of Other Purposes Schools office we recom- mended several select reductions in the other purposes service of the county superintendent. These services include coordination, audio-visual, library, courses of study development and teacher training. These services are no longer appropriately funded from the County School Service Fund because of changes in the number of local districts served and districts requesting service from the county office. -68- Categories ** 1. Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be 2. Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to 3. Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction : Education Driver Training 3 $17,000,000 $18,000,000 Special 75 percent of traffic violation penalties is state revenue collected in the Driver Training Penalty Assessment Fund which is used to reimburse the General Fund for excess costs of driver training. This proposal would transfer the revenue and expendi- tures of this program to the local school districts. -69- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 300 Education Special Schools 1 $10,109,153 $4,000,000 General Shift all or part of the cost of room and board to the parents of students in state special schools. Full réimbursement of these costs would generate $4 million in reimburse- ments at an average of $2,250. 310 Education Public Library 2 $ 1,000,000 $1,000,000 General Eliminate the state subsidy Assistance to local public libraries designed to encourage the development of regional cooperative library systems Now that 99 percent of the population is served by 21 systems, the need to continue this program is of lesser priority. -UL- Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding dget 1974-75 em Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction 6 University of California Agriculture 1 $9,762,629 $1,000,000 General Arbitrary reduction to off- Extension set failure to charge a fee for its services to the private sector. The reduc- tion should be directed to special surveys and con- sultations as requested by individuals. University of California Extended 2 $1,262,000 $1,344,030 General This new program is designed University to expand educational service to a new clientele not pre- viously served (i.e., part- time students). Under fisca constraints this expansion could be eliminated since this program is still in the pilot phase. University of California Undergraduate 2 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 General This program, new in 1973-74, Teaching is a low priority for con- tinuation in 1974-75. Improvement of undergraduate teaching is already a re- quirement of the profession and should not need in- centives without additional financing. Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 udget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Reduction 327 Community Colleges Tuition 1 --- $65,000,000 General Establish an annual tuition of $100 per FTE student on a cost per unit basis to offset ADA apportionments. (For fuller discussion see page 18 ). (Consideration should be given to increased student aid to offset a part of these savings. Community Colleges ADA Noncredit courses 1 $17,000,000 $18,000,000 General Eliminate state ADA support and/ for courses which are non- or credit and do not contribute 2 to certificate and/or degree programs. These courses could be continued on a self-supporting fee basis. (For further discus- sion see page 19 ). Categories ** Transfers to the Private Sector State Expenditures Which Can be Eliminate or Reduce the Functions Reduced in Order to Permissive Local or Federal Assumption Comply with Expenditure Limitation of the Functions or Funding 1974-75 Budget Department Function ** 1973-74 Potential Fund Comments Item Reduction 330 State Scholarship and Private institu- 1 $ 37,432,760 $ 5,488,800 General Phase out the use of state Loan Commission tion subsidy scholarships and fellow- ships at private institu- tions. (For further discus- sion see page 17). Statewide Capital Outlay 3 $163,000,000 $164,000,000 Various Establish policy of bond financing for all capital outlay which would exclude these expenditures from the limitation but would be more costly. (For further discussion see page 24 ).