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04/15/1983 – Washington, D.C. – U.S. Council for International Business
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Records of the White House Office of Consumer Affairs (Reagan Administration)
Virginia Knauer's Events Files
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Knauer, Virginia H.: Files
(Consumer Affairs, Office of)
Folder Title: 04/15/1983 - Washington, D.C. - U.S. Council
for International Business
Box: 83
To see more digitized collections visit:
https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digitized-textual-material
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https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/white-house-inventories
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
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support/citation-guide
National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/
1212 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036
Telephone: 212.354.4480 Telex: USCOUNCIL 14-8361 NYK
United States Council for
Serving American Business as U.S. Affiliate of:
International Business
The International Chamber of Commerce
The International Organisation of Employers
The Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD
The ATA Carnet System
April 26, 1983
NCW
HK
Mrs. Virginia Knauer
Director
U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs
Old Executive Office Building
17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20521
Dear Mrs. Knauer:
On behalf of the Officers of the ICC Marketing, Advertising, and
Distribution Commission and the U.S. Council for International Business,
I would like to take this occasion to express our appreciation for your
participation in our April 15 luncheon on U.S. consumer protection programs.
All present agreed that this was a most informative session, and
that it provided a valuable insight into the workings of the various
regulatory bodies represented. We especially appreciated your cooperation
in adjusting your schedule to the rather tight time frame of the day.
The Officers were most interested to hear about plans for the
upcoming National Consumers Week, and were impressed with the extensive
outreach program of the Office of Consumer Affairs. The U.S. Council is
pleased to have been asked to co-sponsor the April 27 session on "Business
and Consumers Together for Trade," and hope this is only one in a series
of occasions for interaction between the Council and your Office.
Once again, thank you.
Sincerely,
Jacqueline A. Keith
Jacque a Kian
Director of Program
JAK:bh
CC: E. Haueter
B. Jessup
C. Cavagnaro
R. Steeves
5 MAY 1983)
1212 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036
Telephone: 212.354.4480 Telex: USCOUNCIL 14-8361 NYK
United States Council for
Serving American Business as U.S. Affiliate of:
International Business
The International Chamber of Commerce
The International Organisation of Employers
The Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD
The ATA Carnet System
May 2, 1983
Mrs. Virginia Knauer
Director
U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs
Old Executive Office Building
17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20521
Dear Mrs. Knauer:
On behalf of the U.S. Council for International Business, I would like
to take this occasion to express our compliments for the outstanding April 27
session on "Business and Consumers Together for Trade," and to say how pleased
the Council was to have been a co-sponsor for this event.
The meeting succeeded in assembling representatives from a broad cross
section of U.S. society, and in generating thoughtful--and somewhat lively--
debate on the pro's and con's of international trade. Although there may have
been some disagreement as to appropriate short-term policies, the general
consensus was that in the long run, all sectors of the U.S. economy stand
only to gain from a free international trading environment.
The Council's sponsorship of the day's program was made possible by
the support of the following Council member companies:
CPC International
Del Monte
Mars Inc.
Procter & Gamble
0
Reader's Digest
I know they are all pleased to have been able to participate in what
turned out to be a most productive session.
We have enjoyed working with your staff--especially Chuck Cavagnaro
and John Steiner--on preparations for the meeting, and look forward to keeping
in contact with your office on future activities of mutual interest.
Sincerely,
JAK:bh
Jacqueline Janguel Director of A. Program Keith after
2.6ml
CC Cheych
Johny MAY 1983
PERSONS ATTENDING USCIB LUNCHEON
April 15, 1983
Speakers:
Eric Haueter
Vice President, CPC International
Chairman, USCIB Marketing Committee
Kenneth Fraiser
Head, Marketing Division
Unilever/London
Nancy Steorts
Chairman, CPSC
Amanda Pedersen
Deputy Director, Bureau of Consumer
Protection, FTC
Dr. S. Nightingale
Virginia Knauer
USOCA
W. (Bill) H. Tankersley
C. Raymond Haas
Jonna Gilitz
Attendees: Sylvan M. Barnet
Mari Anne Blatch
Vice President, Consumer Affairs
Reader's Digest
Georges Bornand
International Chamber of Commerce
Marketing Commission
B. Brandolini d'Adda
International Chamber of Commerce
Marketing Commission
Abbey Chapple
Carolyn Cheney
Sten Tengelin
Robert Steeves
USOCA
Persons Attending USCIB Luncheon p.2
U.S. Council Staff:
Alphens (Bill) Jessup Director, USCIB, Washington Office
Cynthia Dunkin
Research Associate, USCIB
Jacqueline Keith
Director of Programs
VIRGINIA KNAUER
SUPPORTERS
BAYBANK NORFOLK TRUST
L. L. BEAN
BOSTON HERALD
BBB
BOSTON STOCK EXCHANGE
DEALERS' CO-OP
FILENES
BETTER BUSINESS BUREAU
FIRST FEDERAL SAVINGS & LOAN
CONSUMER AFFAIRS FOUNDATION
BERNARD HALDANE ASSOCIATES
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
JORDAN MARSH COMPANY
LIBON VOLKSWAGEN
THOMAS LONG COMPANY
CHARLES T. MAIN
MERCHO
CAF
O'NEILL & YOUNG
PICKERING - OLD COLONY INC.
POLAROID CORPORATION
PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY
REVERE CONSUMER AFFAIRS
VIRGINIA H. KNAUER
SMITH & TEUBER
UNION LEADER CORPORATION
SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO
WLVI TV56
THE PRESIDENT
WNEV TV
WHITEHALL MANOR NURSING HOME
AND
DIRECTOR OF THE
U.S. OFFICE OF
BETTER BUSINESS BUREAU INC.
CONSUMER AFFAIRS
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
GUEST SPEAKER
STANLEY BERKOVITZ, VICE PRESIDENT, ZAYRE CORP.
PRESIDENT
LEONARD L. SANDERS, PRESIDENT, THE BETTER BUSINESS BUREAU INC.
THE CONSUMER AFFAIRS FOUNDATION, INC.
VICE CHAIRMEN
ROBERT E. PAGE, PUBLISHER, THE BOSTON HERALD
JOHN P. GIUGGIO, PRESIDENT, THE BOSTON GLOBE
MERWIN F. KAMINSTEIN, PRESIDENT, FILENES
JOHN K. MCGILLICUDDY, PARTNER, PEAT, MARWICK, MITCHELL & CO.
BOSTONESS
TREASURER
0.1839
ROBERT A. LINDEN, VICE PRESIDENT, BANK OF NEW ENGLAND
ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 1983
8:30 A. M.
PETER BERTSCHMANN, VICE PRESIDENT, NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE CO.
ROBERT GALLAGHER, CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT, JORDAN MARSH CO.
FRANK LEBART, 2nd VICE PRESIDENT, JOHN HANCOCK MUTUAL LIFE INS.CO.
STANLEY N. SHEWAN, BOSTON GROUP MANAGER, SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO.
The Imperial Ballroom
GERALD SWERLING, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, INGALLS ASSOCIATES INC.
The Boston Park Plaza Hotel
GAIL WALCOTT, ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT, BLUE CROSS OF MASS.
Fifty Park Plaza
EX-OFFICIO
Boston, Mass.
DAVID A. FAUSCH, VICE PRESIDENT, THE GILLETTE COMPANY
WELCOME
INTRODUCTION OF HONORED GUESTS
LEONARD L. SANDERS
VIRGINIA H. KNAUER
PRESIDENT
BETTER BUSINESS BUREAU INC.
SPECIAL ASSISTANT
CONSUMER AFFAIRS FOUNDATION INC.
TO THE PRESIDENT
INTRODUCTION OF GUEST SPEAKER
AND
STANLEY BERKOVITZ
DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. OFFICE OF
VICE PRESIDENT
ZAYRE CORP.
CONSUMER AFFAIRS
On March 3, 1981, Virginia H. Knauer was appointed Special Assistant to the
President and Director of the U.S. Office ofConsumer Affairs. Mrs. Knauer
serves as the principal spokesperson for the Administration on consumer, aging,
disabled, health care, and safety concerns. Before her appointment, Mrs.
Knauer was President of Virginia Knauer and Associates Inc., a Washington, D.
C. consulting firm specializing in consumer issues.
Mrs. Knauer, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, was elected in 1960
to the Philadephia City Council where she served on the Finance Committee.
BENEFACTORS
In 1968, she became the Director of Pennsylvania's State Bureau of Consumer
Protection.
BANK OF NEW ENGLAND
BLUE CROSS/BLUE SHIELD OF MASS. INC.
In 1969, Mrs. Knauer became the Special Assistant to the President for Con-
BOSTON EDISON COMPANY
sumer Affairs. In addition to her White House position from 1969 to 1977,
BOSTON GAS COMPANY
Mrs. Knauer served as Executive Secretary of the President's Committee on
BOSTON GLOBE
Consumer Interests, Director of the Office of Consumer Affairs, and U. S.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON
Representative and Vice Chairman of the Consumer Policy Committee of the
JOHN HANCOCK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Mrs. Knauer was also Chairman of the Council of the Advancement of
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE
Consumer Policy, a non-profit, non-partisan education organization, and served
PEAT, MARWICK, MITCHELL & COMPANY
on the Board of the Council of Better Business Bureaus Inc.; the National
ZAYRE CORP.
Advertising Review Board; the Products Liability Task Force of the National
Chamber Foundation; the Travel and Tourism Industry Advisory Council to
the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee; and the
CONTRIBUTORS
National Steering Committee on the Voluntary Effort to Contain Health Care
Costs.
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
HOTELS OF TRADITION
Mrs. Knauer has received numerous civic and industry awards for consumer
NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
leadership, including prestigious Gimbel Philadelphia Award for service to her
THE STOP & SHOP COMPANIES INC.
city, her state, and her country. She holds eight honorary doctorate degrees
and is an elected member of the "Distringuished Daughters of Pennsylvania".
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 29, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR FAITH WHITTLESEY
FROM:
VIRGINIA KNAUER
SUBJECT:
Luncheon Remarks to the
United States Council for
International Business (250
member companies)
WHEN:
Friday, April 15, 1983 - 12 Noon
WHERE:
International Club,
Washington, DC
COMMENTS:
The U.S. Council is a business
organization dedicated to main-
taining a climate favorable to in-
ternational trade and investment
through a combination of educational
and policy-making activities. This
meeting will offer a unique oppor-
tunity for an international exchange
of viewpoints on the role of the
business community in the area of
consumer protection.
Luncheon remarks would run about 15
minutes with an overview of the key
objectives of the Office of Consumer
Affairs, its major activities and pro-
visions for interaction with the U.S.
business community.
Approved
Disapproved
3/28
1212 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036
Telephone 212 354 4480 Telex JSCOUNCIL 14-8361 NYK
United States Council for
International Business
think System
Serving merican Business as
ffill ite
Internation sation of Employer
Business mustry Advisory Bob Commite
national Clam of ommerce
Mrs. Virginia H. Knauer
Director
U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs
Old Executive Office Building
17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
March Speech 11, April 1983 Regist
Washington, DC 20521
8621400
Dear Mrs. Knauer:
MEO's
On behalf of the U.S. Council's Marketing, Advertising and Distri-
bution Committee, I would like to take this occasion to invite you to
participate in our April 15 luncheon on the U.S. approach to consumer
protection regulation
As you are aware, the U.S. Council (Annual Report enclosed) is a
business organization dedicated to maintaining a climate favorable to
international trade and investment through a combination of educational
and policy-making activities. It communicates the views of its 250 member
companies to relevant intergovernmental organizations through its affilia-
tions with the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the International
Organisation of Employers, and the Business and Industry Advisory
Committee to the OECD.
The occasion for this meeting will be the first U.S. visit of the
Officers of the ICC Commission on Marketing, Advertising and Distribution.
As the officers, like the Commission they represent, are drawn from a wide
range of National Committees, the meeting will offer a unique opportunity
for an international exchange of viewpoints on the role of the business
community in the area of consumer protection.
The ICC has been an active participant in international efforts
relating to marketing and advertising. Beginning in the 1930's, the ICC
took a major step forward in self-regulation by issuing a Code on
Advertising--a Code which has been widely adopted in the international
community. The Commission has also sponsored several Conferences on
related themes, among them a 1978 Conference on "Marketing: Discipline
for Freedom", and a 1981 Symposium on consumer protection legislation.
Documents prepared by the Commission include a cost-benefit analysis of
consumer protection legislation, guidelines on advertising to children,
and various policy statements relating to U.N. consumer protection activi-
ties. Most recently, the Commission has been closely following such
intergovernmental initiatives as the U.N. guidelines on consumer protec-
tion, the U.N. resolution on harmful products, and Council of Europe
activities on satellite broadcasting.
cash
memo to FMW 3/29
As you will note from the enclosed list, the officers attending this
meeting will represent a broad spectrum of industries in both Europe and
the United States. All of them are senior corporate representatives
sharing a strong interest in various aspects of the marketing and
distribution functions.
The luncheon will be part of a two-day session: on April 14 the
officers will meet in New York with the U.S. Council's Marketing Committee
and with pertinent U.N. officials, while on April 15 the officers will
journey down to Washington to meet with representatives of U.S. regulatory
agencies and self-regulatory bodies.
In your luncheon remarks--which should run approximately 15 minutes--
we would suggest that you begin with a brief overview of the key objec-
tives of the Office of Consumer Affairs, its major activities relating to
consumer protection/ advertising, and provisions for interaction with the
U.S. business community. Your remarks will be followed by a general
discussion period, at which point the officers of the Commission would
comment not only on related agencies in their own countries, but also on
the ICC's role in forging an international business approach.
862-1432
The luncheon will start at 12:00, with a cocktail reception, and
should adjourn no later than 2:30. The location will be the Danube Room,
International Club, 1800 K Street N.W.
We shall be contacting your office shortly to ascertain your availa-
bility. Should it not be possible for you to participate in this session,
we would welcome your views as to an alternate representative from your
organization.
We hope to see you on April 15.
Sincerely,
y D. Haveter
Eric D. Haueter
Chairman, U.S. Council Marketing,
Advertising, and Distribution
Committee, and
Vice President, CPC International
EDH/mjs
Encls.
CC: Charles Cavagnero
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 29, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR FAITH WHITTLESEY
FROM:
VIRGINIA KNAUER Virginia thaver
SUBJECT:
Luncheon Remarks to the
United States Council for
International Business (250
member companies)
WHEN:
Friday, April 15, 1983 - 12 Noon
WHERE:
International Club,
Washington, DC
COMMENTS:
The U.S. Council is a business
organization dedicated to main-
taining a climate favorable to in-
ternational trade and investment
through a combination of educational
and policy-making activities. This
meeting will offer a unique oppor-
tunity for an international exchange
of viewpoints on the role of the
business community in the area of
consumer protection.
Luncheon remarks would run about 15
minutes with an overview of the key
objectives of the Office of Consumer
Affairs, its major activities and pro-
visions for interaction with the U.S.
business community.
Approved
Disapproved
7RW
Virginia
Please send
copy or
Outline
of remains
before 4/15
to faith
13 3 APR 1983
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 29, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR FAITH WHITTLESEY
FROM:
VIRGINIA KNAUER Thiginia thaver
SUBJECT:
Luncheon Remarks to the
United States Council for
International Business (250
member companies)
WHEN:
Friday, April 15, 1983 - 12 Noon
WHERE:
International Club,
Washington, DC
COMMENTS:
The U.S. Council is a business
organization dedicated to main-
taining a climate favorable to in-
ternational trade and investment
through a combination of educational
and policy-making activities. This
meeting will offer a unique oppor-
tunity for an international exchange
of viewpoints on the role of the
business community in the area of
consumer protection.
Luncheon remarks would run about 15
minutes with an overview of the key
objectives of the Office of Consumer
Affairs, its major activities and pro-
visions for interaction with the U.S.
business community.
Approved
Disapproved
7RW
1212 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036
Telephone: 212.354.4480 Telex: USCOUNCIL 14-8361 NYK
United States Council for
Serving American Business as U.S. Affiliate of:
International Business
The International Chamber of Commerce
The International Organisation of Employers
The Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD
The ATA Carnet System
Mrs. Virginia H. Knauer
Director
U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs
Old Executive Office Building
Speech March 11, 1983 Request
17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20521
Dear Mrs. Knauer:
On behalf of the U.S. Council's Marketing, Advertising and Distri-
bution Committee, I would like to take this occasion to invite you to
participate in our April 15 luncheon on the U.S. approach to consumer
protection regulation.
As you are aware, the U.S. Council (Annual Report enclosed) is a
business organization dedicated to maintaining a climate favorable to
international trade and investment through a combination of educational
and policy-making activities. It communicates the views of its 250 member
companies to relevant intergovernmental organizations through its affilia-
tions with the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the International
Organisation of Employers, and the Business and Industry Advisory
Committee to the OECD.
The occasion for this meeting will be the first U.S. visit of the
Officers of the ICC Commission on Marketing, Advertising and Distribution.
As the officers, like the Commission they represent, are drawn from a wide
range of National Committees, the meeting will offer a unique opportunity
for an international exchange of viewpoints on the role of the business
community in the area of consumer protection.
The ICC has been an active participant in international efforts
relating to marketing and advertising. Beginning in the 1930's, the ICC
An15
took a major step forward in self-regulation by issuing a Code on
Advertising--a Code which has been widely adopted in the international
community. The Commission has also sponsored several Conferences on
free
related themes, among them a 1978 Conference on "Marketing: Discipline
for Freedom", and a 1981 Symposium on consumer protection legislation.
Documents prepared by the Commission include a cost-benefit analysis of
consumer protection legislation, guidelines on advertising to children,
and various policy statements relating to U.N. consumer protection activi-
ties. Most recently, the Commission has been closely following such
intergovernmental initiatives as the U.N. guidelines on consumer protec-
tion, the U.N. resolution on harmful products, and Council of Europe
activities on satellite broadcasting.
cash
As you will note from the enclosed list, the officers attending this
meeting will represent a broad spectrum of industries in both Europe and
the United States. All of them are senior corporate representatives
sharing a strong interest in various aspects of the marketing and
distribution functions.
The luncheon will be part of a two-day session: on April 14 the
officers will meet in New York with the U.S. Council's Marketing Committee
and with pertinent U.N. officials, while on April 15 the officers will
journey down to Washington to meet with representatives of U.S. regulatory
agencies and self-regulatory bodies.
In your luncheon remarks--which should run approximately 15 minutes--
we would suggest that you begin with a brief overview of the key objec-
tives of the Office of Consumer Affairs, its major activities relating to
consumer protection/ advertising, and provisions for interaction with the
U.S. business community. Your remarks will be followed by a general
discussion period, at which point the officers of the Commission would
comment not only on related agencies in their own countries, but also on
the ICC's role in forging an international business approach.
The luncheon will start at 12:00, with a cocktail reception, and
should adjourn no later than 2:30. The location will be the Danube Room,
International Club, 1800 K Street N.W.
We shall be contacting your office shortly to ascertain your availa-
bility. Should it not be possible for you to participate in this session,
we would welcome your views as to an alternate representative from your
organization.
We hope to see you on April 15.
Sincerely,
ED. Haveter
Eric D. Haueter
Chairman, U.S. Council Marketing,
Advertising, and Distribution
Committee, and
Vice President, CPC International
EDH/mjs
Encls.
CC: Charles Cavagnero
1212 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036
Telephone: 212.354.4480 Telex: USCOUNCIL 14-8361 NYK
United States Council for
Serving American Business as U.S. Affiliate of:
International Business
The International Chamber of Commerce
The International Organisation of Employers
The Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD
The ATA Camet System
Delegation of the ICC Marketing Commission Officers
April 15, 1983
Chairman:
K.J.A. Fraser
Head, Marketing Division
Unilever PLC-London
Georges Bornand
Sous-Directeur
Societe d'Assistance Technique pour Produits Nestle
La Tour de Pelz
(Switzerland)
B. Brandolini d'Adda
President of the Board
Selezione dal Reader's Digest-Milan
(Italy)
Eric D. Haueter
Vice President-Corporate Commercial Development
CPC International
(United States)
Andrew Napier
Manager, Public Affairs
Corporate Affairs Department
Philip Morris
(Switzerland)
Marie C. Psimenos
First Director
ICC International Headquarters
(France)
UNITED STATES COUNCIL
FOR
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
1981 ANNUAL REPORT
UNITED STATES COUNCIL
FOR
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
1981 ANNUAL REPORT
1212 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036
212 354 4480
THE UNITED STATES COUNCIL FOR
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
The United States Council is a business association. Its primary mission is to advocate and support international
economic and social policies that will promote the efficient use of physical, human, and financial resources, and
thereby contribute to rising levels of output, employment, and well-being everywhere.
The Council carries out its mission by providing facilities for members to formulate positions and to present
them effectively to the U.S. Government, as well as to international intergovernmental organizations. Many of
those organizations are endeavoring to reshape world economic and social institutions and practices by promot-
ing greater government intervention in the international flow of goods, service, capital, knowledge, and greater
governmental restriction of entrepreneurial and managerial freedom. Their determination to succeed in their
stated objectives should not be underestimated.
The U.S. Council's ability to present the views of American business to those intergovernmental organizations
is greatly enhanced by its affiliations with the three leading international business associations. Each association
has an officially-recognized status to represent the views of the private sector to one or more intergovernmental
organizations. These three international business associations are the:
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), which interacts in an advisory capacity with a wide range of
intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations (U.N.) system and the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT);
International Organisation of Employers (IOE), which in its permanent consultative status with the U.N. and
the International Labor Organization (ILO) represents the positions of employers on social and labor issues;
Business and Industry Advisory Committee (BIAC), which presents the business viewpoint of 24 member
countries to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Also, the Council administers the ATA Carnet System, which issues and guarantees customs documents that
allow duty-free, temporary importation of merchandise overseas.
2
A MESSAGE TO MEMBERS AND FRIENDS
Over the past year, the Council has been increasingly
to promote public-private sector cooperation to-
active and involved in promoting the interests of its
ward economic growth. Action: Established a
members.
new Task Force; held a series of luncheon brief-
ings presenting the Administration's views on
The Council intensified its efforts to reduce or re-
investment policy; published the first article in
scind regulations that restrict U.S. operations
our new forum "Focus on Issues" on public-pri-
abroad. It also actively promoted freer international
vate cooperation.
trade and investment. This effort continues on four
fronts: in the United Nations (U.N.) system through
Monitoring international health and safety code
the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC); in
developments that threaten to restrict multina-
the International Labor Organization (ILO) through
tional corporations' efficiency with no corres-
the International Organisation of Employers (IOE);
ponding benefit to public welfare. Action:
in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Compiled a directory of the major organizations
Development (OECD) through the USA-Business
generating this threat; surveyed members drawn
and Industry Advisory Committee (BIAC); and in
from several committees to organize smaller
the U.S. Government's relevant agencies and depart-
working groups to hammer out strategies on
ments.
specific issues; visited UNCTAD and other key
U.N. agencies in Geneva.
The Council is responding to the needs of its mem-
bers-and the imperatives of emerging issues that af-
Stepping up our capability to interact with the Eu-
fect them-by continually updating and expanding
ropean Community on behalf of our members.
its services. It is fulfilling its institutional goal by ar-
Action: Organized four briefings by European
ranging for member direct participation in interna-
Community (E.C.) officials; scheduled meetings
tional fora; by organizing committee meetings on
in Brussels on several occasions; initiated liaison
matters requiring monitoring and action; by spon-
efforts with our members' European subsidi-
soring seminars and luncheon briefings; and by
aries; published an article on E.C.-U.S. relations
strengthening its information system.
in "Focus on Issues;" produced the first in a se-
ries, Corporate Handbook to The European Com-
The Council has established a number of new areas of
munity, designed to assist our members to deal
emphasis. These priorities include:
with international institutions that affect the op-
erations of U.S. business abroad.
Upgrading our advocacy of foreign investment as
a
vehicle to stimulate trade and development and
Acting on our belief that United States participa-
3
tion in ICC arbitration work should be compati-
dedicated efforts to arranging personal exchang-
ble with its size and importance in the world
es with key U.S. officials in the economic and
economy. Action: Established a full Council
business affairs area.
Committee on Arbitration; increased our con-
tacts with the ICC Court of Arbitration; spon-
International Labor Affairs. Action: Mounted the
sored a luncheon briefing with an ICC Court of-
strongest U.S. presence yet at meetings of the
ficial; expanded law-firm membership in the
ILO and the IOE; sponsored three seminars
Council.
around the country featuring European officials
from the ILO and the IOE; launched an interna-
Ongoing programs require continued vigilance as
tional effort by U.S. companies and their over-
well. A few highlights indicate the scope of the orga-
seas subsidiaries to defeat a proposed ILO Con-
nization's work:
vention that could severely limit employers'
prerogatives in dismissing employees; published
Multinational Enterprise and Development.
regular editions of the report on international la-
bor affairs.
Action: Monitored and reported on three ses-
sions of the U.N. Intergovernmental Working
Group on a Code of Conduct on Transnational
International Transport Policy. Action: Stood up
Corporations; published a monthly report on
for business interests nationally and internation-
U.N. developments; produced, in addition to
ally on vital maritime issues; persuaded the
the monthly bulletin "Enterprise and Develop-
United States to boycott the UNCTAD meeting
ment," two other products-a videotaped inter-
on phasing out of open registry shipping; com-
view in support of our Business-Church Dia-
batted provisions to restrict open competition in
logue and a forthcoming "economic primer" on
legislation on liner and bulk shipping policy;
the role of multinationals in world economic de-
published periodically our newsletter on inter-
velopment; underscored the North-South busi-
national transport policy.
ness viewpoint by sponsoring a seminar in San
Francisco on Finance and Development.
Informatics. Action: Supported the development
of the ICC paper on liberalization of telecom-
International Trade and Finance. Action: Commu-
munications; commented on the OECD survey
nicated, through testimony and letters, to policy
of the economic implications of transborder data
makers in the U.S. and overseas the importance
flows; established liaison with key actors in the
of the upcoming GATT Ministerial meeting and
U.S. Government, U.N., and the OECD.
the need to ensure that services and investment
questions figure prominently on the agenda;
This executive summary, while touching only on re-
4
cent efforts and achievements of the Council, indi-
cates the dramatic increase in the level of activity that
has taken place in the last year. A measure of the val-
ue of the Council to the U.S. international business
community is the rising level of support realized-
with total Council membership up 10 percent over
last year. This new support, together with increased
participation from existing members, helps assure
that the Council has the ability to sustain a high level
of activity and is able to respond to the increasing
challenges and opportunities facing our members.
The Council's robust health can be attributed to the
energy and commitment of our member companies
and of their representatives. We salute them-espe-
cially our Trustees and Committee Chairmen whose
names appear on the following pages. With their help
and continued dedication, 1982 will be equally suc-
cessful.
May 1982
Rabeh a Sfeiffey
Darid L. have
Art Selby
Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr.
David L. Grove
Chairman
President
5
OFFICERS AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Chairman
Edwin L. Artzt
1983
John F. Bookout
1983
Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr.
Executive Vice President
President and Chief Executive Officer
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
The Procter & Gamble Company
Shell Oil Company
IBM World Trade Americas/Far East
Corporation
Ralph E. Bailey
1984
Thornton F. Bradshaw
1983
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Chairman
Vice Chairman
CONOCO Inc.
RCA Corporation
W.D. Eberle
Chairman of the Board
J. David Barnes
1984
Richard M. Brennan
1983
EBCO, Inc.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Mellon Bank
Director of International Affairs
President
Union Carbide Corporation
David L. Grove
Glenn C. Bassett, Jr.
1983
Executive Vice President
Philip Briggs
1982
Treasurer
Marine Midland Bank
Executive Vice President
Stuart E. Reider
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Vice President
Harry Hood Bassett
1982
Bankers Trust Company
Chairman of the Board
Philip J. Brown, Jr.
1983
Southeast Banking Corporation
Executive Vice President
Secretary
Marsh & McLennan, Incorporated
Mari Ann Blatch
Charles B. Bear
1984
Vice President, Consumer Affairs
Group Vice President and Corporate
Willard C. Butcher
1983
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.
Secretary
Chairman and Chief Executive
Time Incorporated
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.
Robert F. Anderson
1984
Richard J. Bennett
1984
Fletcher L. Byrom
1984
President and Chief Executive Officer
Chairman of the Board
Chairman of the Board
The Hanna Mining Company
Schering-Plough Corporation
Koppers Company, Inc.
James F. Bere
1984
William E. Andrews
1983
Chairman of the Board
*Philip Caldwell
1982
Borg-Warner Corporation
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Chairman and President
Ford Motor Company
Scovill Inc.
Mari Ann Blatch
1983
1982
Vice President, Consumer Affairs
*John J. Cardwell
1982
Rand V. Araskog
Chairman, President and Chief
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.
President and Chief Operating Officer
Consolidated Foods Corporation
Executive Officer
Lee H. Bloom
1983
International Telephone and Telegraph
President
C. W. Carson, Jr.
1982
Corporation
Unilever United States, Inc.
Vice Chairman
William R. Arthur
Chemical Bank
1984
William W. Boechenstein 1982
Chairman
Merrill Lynch International
President and Chief Executive Officer
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation
Incorporated
6
*Executive Committee Member
*J. G. Clarke
1984
Joseph B. Flavin
1983
*John C. Haley
1983
Director and Senior Vice President
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Executive Vice President for Corporate
Exxon Corporation
The Singer Company
and Institutional Relations
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.
Abraham E. Cohen
1984
J. R. Fluor
1982
President
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Claus M. Halle
1983
Merck Sharp & Dohme International
Fluor Corporation
Executive Vice President
The Coca-Cola Company
Emilio G. Collado
1983
Richard W. Foxen
1984
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Senior Vice President-International
John W. Hannon, Jr.
1984
Grace Geothermal Corporation
Rockwell International
President
Bankers Trust Company
Joseph E. Connor
1984
Robert R. Frederick
1982
Chairman and Senior Partner
Executive Vice President
Fred L. Hartley
1983
Price Waterhouse
General Electric Company
Chairman and President
Union Oil Company of California
John R. Cox
1982
Harry L. Freeman
1982
President
Senior Vice President
William R. Haselton
1984
Insurance Company of North America
American Express Company
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
St. Regis Paper Co.
Hugh Cullman
1982
Robert W. Galvin
1983
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Chairman of the Board
F. William Hawley
1984
Philip Morris U.S.A.
Motorola, Inc.
Vice President
Citibank, N.A.
John C. Duncan
1984
Pierre Gousseland
1983
Chairman
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Frederick Heldring
1983
St. Joe Minerals Corporation
AMAX Inc.
Deputy Chairman
Philadelphia National Bank
William K. Eastham
1983
J. Peter Grace
1982
Vice Chairman
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
John M. Henske
1984
S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
W. R. Grace & Co.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Olin Corporation
W. D. Eberle
1982
Maurice R. Greenberg
1983
Chairman of the Board
President
William A. Hewitt
1983
EBCO, Inc.
American International Group Inc.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Deere & Company
Thomas A. Fain
1984
Robert J. Gressens
1984
President
President
Robert M. Hill
1982
American Institute of Marine
GTE International Incorporated
Senior Vice President
Underwriters
Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of
David L. Grove
1982
New York
Stuart M. Fischman
1984
President
Attorney
United States Council for International
Walter E. Hoadley
1982
Moses & Singer
Business
Senior Research Fellow
The Hoover Institution
Francis J. Fitzgerald
1983
Ray J. Groves
1983
Executive Vice President
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Frank W. Hoch
1983
Monsanto Company
Ernst & Whinney
Partner
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
7
James R. Houghton
1983
Alonzo L. McDonald
1984
Lee L. Morgan
1984
Vice Chairman
President
Chairman of the Board
Corning Glass Works
The Bendix Corporation
Caterpillar Tractor Company
Edward G. Jefferson
1984
John F. McGillicuddy
1983
Peter Mulloney
1983
Chairman
Chairman and President
Vice President and Assistant to the
E. I. du Pont deNemours & Company
Manufacturers Hanover Trust
Chairman
Company
United States Steel Corporation
George M. Keller
1983
Chairman
James W. McKee, Jr.
1982
Cornelius J. Murphy
1982
Standard Oil Company of California
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Group Vice President and General
CPC International Inc.
Manager
James L. Ketelsen
1984
Photographic Manufacturing Group
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
John K. McKinley
1983
Eastman Kodak Company
Tenneco Inc.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Texaco Inc.
Allen E. Murray
1984
A. F. Kirchner, Jr.
1984
Executive Vice President
Vice President-Marketing
Donald H. McLaughlin
1983
Mobil Oil Corporation
Amoco Chemicals Corporation
Director
Homestake Mining Company
Edward N. Ney
1984
Charles G. Kiskaddon, Jr. 1982
Chairman
President
Cornell C. Maier
1984
Young & Rubicam Incorporated
Alcoa Steamship Company, Inc.
Chairman
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical
Walter F. O'Connor
1983
Duane R. Kullberg
1984
Corporation
Vice Chairman-International
Managing Partner-Chief Executive
Peat Marwick Mitchell & Co.
Officer
Alastair Manson
1984
Arthur Andersen & Co.
President
John H. Page
1983
BP North America Inc.
President
Robert J. Lanigan
1983
Inco United States Inc.
President and Chief Operating Officer
John C. Marous
1982
Owens-Illinois, Inc.
President-International
William R. Pearce
1982
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Vice President
Richard L. Lesher
1984
Cargill, Incorporated
President
William R. Miller
1984
Chamber of Commerce of the United
President
Michael Pelehach
1984
States
Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Group
President
Bristol-Myers Company
Grumman International, Inc.
Howard M. Love
1984
Chairman and President
Alfred F. Miossi
1982
Peter G. Peterson
1982
National Steel Corporation
Executive Vice President
Chairman of the Board
Continental Illinois National Bank and
Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb
Francis P. Lucier
1983
Trust Company of Chicago
Incorporated
Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer
William E. Moffett
1982
Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr.
1984
The Black & Decker Manufacturing
Vice President
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Company
Gulf Oil Corporation
IBM World Trade Americas/Far East
Corporation
8
Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.
1982
Dave W. Schornstein
1984
Ib Thomsen
1984
Chairman of the Board
Group Vice President
Executive Vice President
Pfizer Incorporated
The Dow Chemical Company
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Louis Putze
1983
Frederick W. Searby
1983
George E. Todd
1982
Director
Director
Vice President, International
Interlake, Inc.
McKinsey & Company, Inc.
Hughes Aircraft Company
Stuart E. Reider
1984
Christopher R. Seppala
1983
Alexander B. Trowbridge 1982
Vice President
Partner
President
Bankers Trust Company
Law Offices of S.G. Archibald
National Association of Manufacturers
John B. Rhodes
1983
Ervin R. Shames
1984
William C. Turner
1982
Chairman
Executive Vice President
Phoenix, Arizona
Booz, Allen & Hamilton International
General Foods Corporation
Pieter C. Vink
1982
Bruno Richter
1984
Mark Shepherd, Jr.
1982
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Senior Vice President and General
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
North American Philips Corporation
Manager
Texas Instruments Incorporated
BankAmerica International
Charles J. Waidelich
1984
George L. Shinn
1984
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Richard D. Robertson
1982
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Cities Service Company
Vice President
The First Boston Corporation
Philip Morris U.S.A.
William N. Walker
1982
Roger B. Smith
1983
Partner
Mary G. Roebling
1982
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Mudge Rose Guthrie & Alexander
Chairman of the Board
General Motors Corporation
The National State Bank
Dean A. Watkins
1983
Charles G. Steele
1984
Chairman of the Board
William S. Rose
1982
Managing Partner
Watkins-Johnson Company
Vice President, Corporate International
Deloitte Haskins & Sells
Affairs
*Ralph A. Weller
1983
ARMCO Inc.
*John R. Stevenson
1984
Chairman Emeritus
Chairman
Otis Elevator Company
Arthur Ross
1983
Sullivan & Cromwell
Vice Chairman
J. Tylee Wilson
1983
Central National Corporation
Willis A. Strauss
1984
President
Chairman and Chief Policy Officer
R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.
Robert E. Sageman
1983
InterNorth Inc.
President and Chief Executive Officer
*Margaret S. Wilson
1983
A.T.&T. International
Walter Sterling Surrey
1984
Chairman of the Board
Senior Partner
Scarbroughs
Charles E. Saltzman
1984
Surrey & Morse
Limited Partner
Richard D. Wood
1982
Goldman Sachs & Co.
Porter E. Thompson
1983
Chairman of the Board
Advisory Director
Eli Lilly & Company
Bechtel Group, Inc.
9
R. PFEIFFER
Twenty-seventh ICC Congress-"Growth and Entrepreneurship:
Fourth ICC International Shipping Conference-"Shipping Re-
Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing World," November
sources in Developing Countries: Opportunities for Growth," Oc-
1981, Manila.
tober 1981, Caracas.
Council Chairman Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr. (Chairman and Chief Executive
L. to r.: Richard K. Orr, Senior Advisor, Industry and Government, Ex-
Officer, IBM World Trade Americas/Far East Corporation) Chairman of
xon Corporation; Charles Hiltzheimer, Chairman and Chief Executive
the Session on the Role of Entrepreneurship in the Growth Process.
Officer, SeaLand Industries, Inc.; Charles G. Kiskaddon, Jr., President,
Alcoa Steamship Company, Inc.
"U.S. Employers and the International Labor Organization," March
1982, New York.
L. to r.: Seminar Chairman George B. McCullough, Vice President-
Employee Relations, Exxon Corporation; Luncheon speaker Tadd Linsen-
mayer, Director, Office of International Organizations, U.S. Department
of Labor; Council President David L. Grove.
Ray Scotty Morris
Annual Dinner: International Leadership Award, October 1981,
New York.
Regional Seminar, March 1982, San Francisco.
L. to r.: Council Chairman Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr., Chairman and Chief
L. to r.: Charles H. Smith, Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,
Executive Officer, IBM World Trade Americas/Far East Corporation;
SIFCO Industries; Roger Whyte, Department of Labor; Walter E. Hoad-
Award recipient Irving S. Shapiro, recently retired Chairman of the Board
ley, Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution.
and Chief Executive Officer of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company; and
Dinner Chairman Roger B. Smith, Chairman and Chief Executive Offi-
cer, General Motors Corporation.
10
"Investment and Trade," November 1981, New York.
"International Trade Unions," November 1981, with Intermatrix,
L. to r.: Paxton T. Dunn, Council Vice President Policy; Guest speaker
Inc., New York.
Harvey Bale, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Investment; and
L. to r.: Carl Nisser, Associate, Intermatrix; Guest speaker Kari Tapiola,
Lee H. Bloom, President, Unilever United States, Inc., and Chairman,
Secretary General of the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the Organi-
Council Task Force on the Contributions of International Business to
zation for Economic Cooperation and Development; and Robert Copp, In-
Growth and Development.
ternational Labor Relations Manager, Ford Motor Company.
"Law of the Sea," March 1982, New York.
"International Monetary Affairs," November 1981, New York.
L. to r.: H. C. Pappas, Production Manager - Raw Materials Division,
L. to r.: James A. Merrill, Senior Vice President, International Economics,
Aluminum Company of America; The Honorable James L. Malone, Spe-
Marine Midland Bank; Guest speaker Jacob Dreyer, Deputy Assistant for
cial Representative of the President for the Law of the Sea Conference.
International Economic Analysis, Department of the Treasury; Walter E.
Hoadley, Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution; and Harold Van B.
Cleveland, Vice President, Citibank N.A.
Osamu Honda
Executive Committee, January, 1982.
"International Investment Policy," December 1981, with the Japan
L. to r.: Mari Ann Blatch, Council Secretary, Vice President, Consumer
Society, New York.
Affairs, The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.; Jacqueline A. Keith,
Guest speaker The Honorable Charles McC. Mathias, Jr., Republican
Council Director of Program.
Senator from Maryland and Chairman of the Subcommittee on
International Investment Policy of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee.
11
SENIOR TRUSTEES
Roger M. Blough
Antonie T. Knoppers, M.D.
*John J. Powers, Jr.
Hawley, Pennsylvania
Summit, New Jersey
Honorary Chairman of the Board
Pfizer, Inc.
Meade Brunet
Sigurd S. Larmon
Mendham, New Jersey
New York, New York
*Philip D. Reed
New York, New York
Howard L. Clark
James A. Linen
New York, New York
Linen, Fortinberry & Associates
Harvey Williams
Honorary President
Walter Hochschild
*Ian MacGregor
United States Council
New York, New York
Honorary Chairman
for International Business
AMAX Inc.
J. K. Jamieson
*John D. Wilson
Houston, Texas
Jack S. Parker
Bronxville, New York
Director Emeritus
Gilbert E. Jones
General Electric Company
Vice Chairman (Retired)
International Business
Machines Corporation
COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN
Executive
Banking Technique and Practice
Energy
Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr.
Charles del Busto
Samuel Schwartz
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Vice President
Group Senior Vice President
IBM World Trade Americas/Far East
Manufacturers Hanover Trust
CONOCO Inc.
Corporation
Company
Environment
Commercial Policy
Richard D. Robertson
Air Transportation
Harry L. Freeman
Vice President
Morton Ehrlich
Senior Vice President
Philip Morris U.S.A.
Senior Vice President-Planning
American Express Company
Ethical Business Practices
Eastern Air Lines, Inc.
Commerical Policy Subcommittee
John R. Stevenson
Arbitration
on Services
Chairman
Gerald Aksen, Esq.
Peter J. Finnerty
Sullivan & Cromwell
Partner
Vice President-Public Affairs
Reid and Priest
Sea-Land Industries, Inc.
Industrial Property
Bartholomew J. Kish
East-West Relations
International Patent Counsel
Donald W. Green
Merck & Co., Inc.
Vice President
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.
12
Industrial Relations
Marketing, Advertising, and
Sea Transporation
George B. McCullough
Distribution
Charles G. Kiskaddon, Jr.
Vice President-Employee Relations
Eric D. Haueter
President
Exxon Corporation
Vice President-Corporate Commercial
Alcoa Steamship Company, Inc.
Development
Insurance
CPC International Inc.
Taxation
Edith F. Lichota
Richard M. Hammer
Vice President
Multinational Enterprises and
Investment
Partner, International Tax Section
INA Corporation
Robert R. Frederick
Price Waterhouse
International Economic Policy
Executive Vice President
Telecommunications Policy
Ralph A. Pfeiffer, Jr.
General Electric Company
Richard G. Mills
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Natural Resources
Vice President
IBM World Trade Americas/Far East
Hercules C. Pappas
Citibank, N.A.
Corporation
Production Manager-Raw Materials
Transborder Data Flows
Division
International Monetary Affairs
Aluminum Company of America
Joan E. Spero
Walter E. Hoadley
Vice President, Corporate Strategy
Senior Research Fellow
Restrictive Business Practices
American Express Company
Hoover Institution
David G. Gill
Counsel
Exxon Corporation
STAFF
Paxton T. Dunn
Ann McKinstry Micou
Neal H. Sultzer
Vice President-Policy
Director of Communications
Director of Carnet Bureau
Dorothy Brady
Peter M. Robinson
Katherine Yedlowski
Coordinator of Membership
Director of Member Services
Director of Finance
and Assistant Treasurer
Cynthia Duncan
David A. Ruth
Research Analyst
Director of
International Labor Affairs
Teresa Evert
Willis C. Armstrong
Thierry Verhaegen
Washington Representative
Manager-
Informatics/Monetary Affairs
Counsel-International Relations
Joseph G. Gavin
A. Cory Highland
Washington Liaison Officer
Manager- Trade and Resources
Phoebe Alvarado
Rodney W. Markley, Jr.
Jacqueline A. Keith
Assistant Secretary
Executive Director-Europe
Director of Program
Eileen P. Murray
Director of Administration
13
AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As the financial statements show, the financial position of the Council improved in 1981. Revenues exceeded expenses
notwithstanding a continued expansion of our services to our members and a sharp rise in our dues to the ICC, the IOE, and
BIAC. The principal contributing factors for which the Council's officers may take some credit were: careful monitoring of
controllable expenses; an active program of enlarging our membership base as well as the amount of support from our
existing members; and a successful Annual Dinner.
There were, however, two other very favorable developments for which we cannot take credit, and which could well be
adverse in some future period. The first is the sharp rise in interest income in 1981. The second is the beneficial effect of the
strong dollar exchange rate (our dues to the ICC and BIAC must be paid in French francs and our dues to the IOE have to be
paid in Swiss francs). Our budget for 1982 is designed to be balanced, despite difficult economic conditions which could
make the goal unattainable. Nonetheless, every effort will be made to achieve it.
Darid L.
David L. Grove
President
Ernst & Whinney
153 East 53rd Street
New York, New York 10022
212/888-9100
Board of Trustees
United States Council for International Business, Incorporated
New York, New York
We have examined the balance sheet of the United States Council for International Business, Incorporated (formerly the
United States Council of the International Chamber of Commerce, Incorporated) as of December 31, 1981 and 1980, and the
related statements of activity, changes in financial position and schedule of expenses for the years then ended. Our examina-
tions were made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and, accordingly, included such tests of the
accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.
In our opinion, the financial statements and schedule referred to above present fairly the financial position of the United
States Council for International Business, Incorporated at December 31, 1981 and 1980, and the results of its operations and
changes in its financial position for the years then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied
on a consistent basis.
Ernst New York, New & York Whinney
May 3, 1982
14
BALANCE SHEET
December 31
1981
1980
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash-Note C
$ 216,397
$ 163,195
Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes and savings certificates-at cost plus accrued
interest which approximates market-Note C
1,469,973
974,008
Accounts receivable:
Membership subscriptions, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $7,500 in 1981
32,575
55,380
A.T.A. Carnet claims-Note C
60,896
72,067
International Chamber of Commerce
28,566
18,767
U.S.A.-Business and Industry Advisory Committee
8,811
17,934
130,848
164,148
Other current assets
3,667
15,488
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
1,820,885
1,316,839
EQUIPMENT, FURNITURE AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS
155,507
126,575
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
55,200
40,974
100,307
85,601
$1,921,192
$1,402,440
LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$ 39,440
$ 29.974
A.T.A. Carnet security deposits-Note C
1,315,535
885,480
Due I.C.C. Publishing Corporation
303
Membership subscriptions paid in advance
14,150
9,675
Current portion of obligation under equipment lease
2,018
2,018
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
1,371,143
927,450
OBLIGATION UNDER EQUIPMENT LEASE-less current portion
1,180
3,198
1,372,323
930,648
FUND BALANCE
Appropriated-Carnet contingency
80,000
80,000
Unappropriated
468,869
391,792
548,869
471,792
$1,921,192
$1,402,440
See notes to financial statements.
15
STATEMENT OF ACTIVITY
Year Ended December 31
1981
1980
REVENUES
Membership subscriptions
$ 864,890
$ 722,640
Carnet fees
497,385
415,325
Interest income
182,070
105,010
Receipts from meetings and seminars
170,698
157,039
Publication sales
11,820
12,474
Reimbursement of 1981 expenses incurred for the I.C.C. Congress
18,381
Contributions for intern program
4,000
3,000
Foreign exchange gains
29,847
Miscellaneous
797
8,439
1,779,888
1,423,927
EXPENSES (see schedule)
Organization memberships
472,570
337,928
Programs and services
888,480
802,445
Supporting administration services
341,761
309,364
1,702,811
1,449,737
EXCESS REVENUES (EXPENSES)
77,077
(25,810)
Fund balance at beginning of year
471,792
497,602
FUND BALANCE AT END OF YEAR
$ 548,869
$ 471,792
See notes to financial statements.
16
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL
POSITION
Year Ended December 31
1981
1980
SOURCE (APPLICATION) OF FUNDS
Excess revenues (expenses)
$ 77,077
$ (25,810)
Depreciation and amortization not affecting working capital
14,226
12,327
WORKING CAPITAL PROVIDED BY
(APPLIED TO) OPERATIONS
91,303
(13,483)
Purchase of equipment and furniture
(28,932)
(7,347)
Decrease in long-term portion of equipment lease obligation
(2,018)
(2,018)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN WORKING CAPITAL
$ 60,353
$ (22,848)
CHANGES IN COMPONENTS OF WORKING CAPITAL
Increase (decrease) in current assets:
Cash
$ 53,202
$(232,947)
Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes and savings certificates
495,965
184,581
Accounts receivable
(33,300)
7,741
Other current assets
(11,821)
(3,525)
504,046
(44,150)
Decrease (increase) in current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(9,466)
48,057
A.T.A. Carnet security deposits
(430,055)
(75,641)
Due I.C.C. Publishing Corporation
303
54,411
Membership subscriptions paid in advance
(4,475)
(5,525)
(443,693
21,302
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN WORKING CAPITAL
$ 60,353
$ (22,848)
See notes to financial statements.
17
SCHEDULE OF EXPENSES
Year Ended December 31
1981
1980
ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIPS
I.C.C. dues
$ 200,000
$ 175,000
International Organization of Employers
130,000
53,050
U.S.A. - Business and Industry Advisory Committee
50,000
50,000
I.C.C. conferences
72,061
53,490
Other
20,509
6,388
472,570
337,928
PROGRAMS AND SERVICES
Payroll-salaries and consultants
$ 465,229
$ 422,432
Payroll taxes and employee benefits
70,914
57,584
Rent
58,983
53,512
Travel and conferences
33,847
38,778
Printing
69,918
50,886
Intern expense
6,000
7,380
Subscriptions to publications
4,606
2,597
Publicity
9,379
I.C.C. Carnet fee
4,586
4,693
Supplies
7,710
5,910
Carnet commissions
60,723
64,388
Expenses of meetings and seminars
80,740
84,906
Bad debt expense
25,224
888,480
802,445
SUPPORTING ADMINISTRATION SERVICES
Salaries
137,840
128,221
Payroll taxes and employee benefits
24,018
23,520
Rent
29,492
26,756
Maintenance and insurance
6,521
6,000
Uncollected accounts
451
In-house duplicating
21,079
15,804
Audit and legal
8,736
7,650
Supplies
3,855
2,955
Telephone and telegraph
41,166
42,500
Postage
45,383
37,327
Depreciation and amortization
14,226
12,327
Miscellaneous
9,445
5,853
341,761
309,364
TOTAL EXPENSES
$1,702,811
$1,449,737
See notes to financial statements.
18
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Effective January 1, 1982, the Executive Committee voted to change the name of the Council to the United States Council
for International Business, Incorporated.
NOTE A-ACCOUNTING POLICIES
EQUIPMENT, FURNITURE AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS: All additions and improvements since January
1, 1974 have been capitalized at cost and are depreciated on the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Prior to
that date the costs of assets were expensed as incurred; the cost of such assets which are still in use is not significant.
FUND BALANCE: In 1980, the President appropriated $80,000 from fund balance for outstanding Carnets. Subsequent to
December 31, 1981, the President intends to similarly appropriate an additional $30,000.
PENSION PLAN: The Council has a noncontributory retirement plan for qualified full-time employees. Past service costs
are being amortized over a 20 year period. The pension expense for each of the years ended December 31, 1981 and 1980 was
$33,000. The Council's policy is to make annual contributions to the plan equal to the amount accrued for pension expense.
The consulting actuary estimated the present value of accumulated plan benefits at September 1, 1981 to be $164,900 includ-
ing $133,900 of vested benefits. The actuarial assumptions used to calculate the plan benefits do not give consideration to
future salary increases. Net assets available for benefits was $304,300 at September 1, 1981 and the assumed rate of return was
6.5%.
NOTE B-LEASE COMMITMENT
The Council's minimum obligation (not including the cost of escalation) at December 31, 1981, under an operating lease for
office space expiring May 31, 1987 is as follows:
1982
$ 69,600
1983
69,600
1984
69,600
1985
69,600
1986
69,600
Thereafter
29,600
TOTAL $377,000
Total rent expense was $88,500 in 1981 and $80,300 in 1980.
19
NOTE C-CARNETS
The Council serves as the official organization to administer the Carnet program in the United States. The issuance of a
Carnet permits an exporter to ship his goods and samples to a country without payment of import duties, provided that such
goods are re-exported within a specified time period. In the event that an exporter sells goods covered by the Carnet and fails
to pay any import duty to a particular foreign country, the counterpart organization in that country will pay all the import
duties and will be reimbursed by the issuing organization in the country of origin.
As security for the re-export of such merchandise, the exporter deposits with the Council either a cash security deposit, a
letter of credit, an insurance bond or for members of the Council, a written agreement guaranteeing repayment of all duties
and taxes.
The Council is directly liable for the payment of taxes and duties to United States Customs on every foreign Carnet
document that enters the United States.
At December 31, 1981, the United States Custom Service had outstanding claims with the Council of approximately
$1,053,000. The Council has a period of six months from the time each claim is lodged to furnish United States Customs
with proper proof of re-exportation. The majority of claims included in the above amount do not mature until the first six
months of 1982 and are expected to be settled without actual payment. In those cases where the Council has paid duties or
taxes, the foreign issuing organization has reimbursed the Council in full.
Photographs on pages 10 and 11 are by Katherine Yedlowski, except where credit is given.
Designed and Produced by Stevan A. and Anise R. Baron.
20
UNITED STATES COUNCIL
FOR
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
1212 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036
212 354 4480
National
Journal
A SPECIAL READER SERVICE FEATURE
Congress at a Glance
A directory of Senate and House Members, offices and committee assignments
Additional copies of this list are available either individually ($4 prepaid) or in bulk from National Journal, 1730 M St. NW,
Washington, D.C., 20036. Telephone (202) 857-1400. 1983 by National Journal.
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83 I
Senate Directory
Name
Room
Extension
Hollings, Ernest F. (S.C.)
117R
224-6121
Here are the room assignments and telephone numbers of
Huddleston, Walter D. (Ky.)
251D
2541
Senators in the 98th Congress. Senators' offices are in the
Humphrey, Gordon J. (N.H.)
531H
2841
Dirksen Building (D), Russell Building (R) and the new Hart
Inouye, Daniel K. (Hawaii)
722H
3934
Building (H). The address for each building is Washington,
Jackson, Henry M. (Wash.)
711H
3441
D.C., 20510. The room assignments are current as of Jan. 18
Jepsen, Roger W. (lowa)
104R
3254
and are subject to change. Democrats are listed in roman type
Johnston, J. Bennett, Jr. (La.)
136H
5824
and Republicans are in italic.
Kassebaum, Nancy Landon (Kan.)
302R
4774
Name
Room
Extension
Kasten, Robert W., Jr. (Wis.)
110H
5323
Vice President George Bush
202D
224-2424
Kennedy, Edward M. (Mass.)
103R
4543
Abdnor, James (S.D.)
309H
2321
Lautenberg, Frank R. (N.J.)
717H
4744
Andrews, Mark (N.D.)
724H
2043
Laxalt, Paul (Nev.)
315R
3542
Armstrong, William L. (Colo.)
528H
5941
Leahy, Patrick J. (Vt.)
425R
4242
Baker, Howard H., Jr. (Tenn.)
522H
4944
Levin, Carl (Mich.)
455R
6221
Baucus. Max (Mont.)
706H
2651
Long, Russell B. (La.)
221R
4623
Bentsen, Lloyd (Texas)
703H
5922
Lugar, Richard G. (Ind.)
306H
4814
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (Del.)
483R
5042
Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. (Md.)
376R
4654
Bingaman, Jeff (N.M.)
502H
5521
Matsunaga, Spark M. (Hawaii)
109H
6361
Boren, David L. (Okla.)
449R
4721
Mattingly, Mack (Ga.)
320H
3643
Boschwitz, Rudy (Minn.)
506H
5641
McClure, James A. (Idaho)
371D
2752
Bradley, Bill (N.J.)
731H
3224
Melcher, John (Mont.)
730H
2644
Bumpers, Dale (Ark.)
221D
4843
Metzenbaum, Howard M. (Ohio)
136R
2315
Burdick, Quentin N. (N.D.)
511H
2551
Mitchell, George J. (Maine)
354R
5344
Byrd, Robert C. (W.Va.)
311H
3954
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (N.Y.)
461R
4451
Chafee, John H. (R.I.)
567D
2921
Murkowski, Frank H. (Alaska)
317H
6665
Chiles, Lawton (Fla.)
246R
5274
Nickles, Don (Okla.)
713H
5754
Cochran, Thad (Miss.)
326R
5054
Nunn, Sam (Ga.)
325D
3521
Cohen, William S. (Maine)
530H
2523
Packwood, Bob (Ore.)
273R
5244
Cranston, Alan (Calif.)
112H
3553
Pell, Claiborne (R.I.)
333R
4642
D'Amato, Alfonse M. (N.Y.)
520H
6542
Percy, Charles H. (III.)
469D
2152
Danforth, John C. (Mo.)
400R
6154
Pressler, Larry (S.D.)
401R
5842
DeConcini, Dennis (Ariz.)
328H
4521
Proxmire, William (Wis.)
521D
5653
Denton, Jeremiah (Ala.)
516H
5744
Pryor, David (Ark.)
260R
2353
Dixon, Alan J. (III.)
316H
2854
Quayle, Dan (Ind.)
524H
5623
Dodd, Christopher J. (Conn.)
324H
2823
Randolph, Jennings (W.Va.)
301D
6472
Dole, Robert (Kan.)
141H
6521
Riegle, Donald W., Jr. (Mich.)
102D
4822
Domenici, Pete V. (N.M.)
425D
6621
Roth, William V., Jr. (Del.)
104H
2441
Durenberger, Dave (Minn.)
372R
3244
Rudman, Warren (N.H.)
702H
3324
Eagleton, Thomas F. (Mo.)
107D
5721
Sarbanes, Paul S. (Md.)
233D
4524
East. John P. (N.C.)
716H
3154
Sasser, Jim (Tenn.)
288R
3344
Exon. J.J. (Neb.)
330H
4224
Simpson, Alan K. (Wyo.)
709H
3424
Ford, Wendell H. (Ky.)
160R
4343
Specter, Arlen (Pa.)
331H
4254
Garn, Jake (Utah)
511D
5444
Stafford, Robert T. (Vt.)
133H
5141
Glenn, John (Ohio)
503H
3353
Stennis, John C. (Miss.)
205R
6253
Goldwater, Barry (Ariz.)
350R
2235
Stevens, Ted (Alaska)
145R
3004
Gorton, Slade (Wash.)
513H
2621
Symms, Steven D. (Idaho)
509H
6142
Grassley: Charles E. (Iowa)
135H
3744
Thurmond, Strom (S.C.)
218R
5972
Hart, Gary (Colo.)
229R
5852
Tower, John (Texas)
164R
2934
Hatch. Orrin G. (Utah)
131R
5251
Trible, Paul S., Jr. (Va.)
517H
4024
Hatfield, Mark O. (Ore.)
322H
3753
Tsongas, Paul E. (Mass.)
392R
2742
Hawkins. Paula (Fla.)
313H
3041
Wallop, Malcolm (Wyo.)
200R
6441
Hecht, Chic (Nev.)
302H
6244
Warner, John W. (Va.)
417R
2023
Heflin, Howell T. (Ala.)
728H
4124
Weicker, Lowell P., Jr. (Conn.)
303H
4041
Heinz, John (Pa.)
276R
6324
Wilson, Pete (Calif.)
720H
3841
Helms, Jesse A. (N.C.)
413D
6342
Zorinsky, Edward (Neb.)
437R
6551
II
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
Senate Committee Assignments
Budget
Room: 203 Carroll Arms
Phone:
224-0642
Here are assignments to Senate committees for the 98th Con-
gress, with committee rooms and telephone numbers. Chairmen
Pete V. Domenici, N.M.
Lawton Chiles, Fla.
are in bold face and Democrats are in italic. In some cases, the
William L. Armstrong, Colo.
Ernest F. Hollings, S.C.
assignments are subject to further change. In addition, the
Nancy Landon Kassebaum,
Joseph R. Biden Jr., Del.
Budget Committee is scheduled to move to the new Hart
Kan.
J. Bennett Johnston Jr., La.
Building in the spring.
Rudy Boschwitz, Minn.
Jim Sasser, Tenn.
Orrin G. Hatch, Utah
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
Gary Hart, Colo.
John Tower, Texas
Howard M. Metzenbaum,
Room: 328A Russell
Phone: 224-2035
Mark Andrews, N.D.
Ohio
Jesse A. Helms, N.C.
Walter D. Huddleston, Ky.
Steven D. Symms, Idaho
Donald W. Riegle Jr., Mich.
Robert Dole, Kan.
Patrick J. Leahy, V1.
Charles E. Grassley, lowa
Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
Richard G. Lugar, Ind.
Edward Zorinsky, Neb.
Robert W. Kasten Jr., Wis.
N.Y.
Thad Cochran, Miss.
John Melcher, Mont.
Dan Quayle, Ind.
J. J. Exon, Neb.
Rudy Boschwitz, Minn.
David Pryor, Ark.
Slade Gorton, Wash.
Roger W. Jepsen, Iowa
David L. Boren, Okla.
Paula Hawkins, Fla.
Alan J. Dixon, III.
Commerce, Science and Transportation
Room: 508 Dirksen
Phone: 224-5115
Mark Andrews, N.D.
Howell T. Heflin, Ala.
Pete Wilson, Calif.
Bob Packwood, Ore.
Ernest F. Hollings, S.C.
Orrin G. Hatch, Utah
Barry Goldwater, Ariz.
Russell B. Long. La.
John C. Danforth, Mo.
Appropriations
Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii
Phone:
224-3471
Nancy Kassebaum, Kan.
Room: S-128 Capitol
Wendell H. Ford, Ky:
Larry Pressler, S.D.
Donald W. Riegle Jr., Mich.
Mark O. Hatfield, Ore.
John C. Stennis, Miss.
Slade Gorton, Wash.
J.J. Exon, Neb.
Lowell P. Weicker Jr.,
Robert C. Byrd, W.Va.
Ted Stevens, Alaska
Howell T. Heflin, Ala.
Conn.
William Proxmire, Wis.
Robert W. Kasten Jr., Wis.
Frank R. Lautenberg, N.J.
Ted Stevens, Alaska
Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii
Paul S. Trible Jr., Va.
James A. McClure, Idaho
Ernest F. Hollings, S.C.
Paul Laxalt, Nev.
Thomas F. Eagleton, Mo.
Energy and Natural Resources
Room: 360 Dirksen
Phone: 224-4971
Jake Garn, Utah
Lawton Chiles, Fla.
Thad Cochran, Miss.
J. Bennett Johnston Jr., La.
James A. McClure, Idaho
J. Bennett Johnston Jr., La.
Mark Andrews, N.D.
Walter D. Huddleston, Ky:
Mark O. Hatfield, Ore.
Henry M. Jackson, Wash.
James Abdnor, S.D.
Quentin N. Burdick, N.D.
Lowell P. Weicker Jr., Conn.
Dale Bumpers, Ark.
Robert W. Kasten Jr.,
Patrick J. Leahy, V1.
Pete V. Domenici, N.M.
Wendell H. Ford, Ky.
Wis.
Jim Sasser, Tenn.
Malcolm Wallop, Wyo.
Howard M. Metzenbaum,
Alfonse M. D'Amato,
Dennis DeConcini, Ariz.
John W. Warner, Va.
Ohio
N.Y.
Dale Bumpers, Ark.
Frank H. Murkowski, Alaska
Spark M. Matsunaga,
Mack Mattingly, Ga.
Don Nickles, Okla.
Hawaii
Warren Rudman, N.H.
Chic Hecht, Nev.
John Melcher, Mont.
Arlen Specter, Pa.
John H. Chafee, R.I.
Paul E. Tsongas, Mass.
Pete V. Domenici, N.M.
John Heinz, Pa.
Bill Bradley; N.J.
Armed Services
Environment and Public Works
Room: 222 Russell
Phone
224-3871
Room: 410 Dirksen
Phone: 224-6176
John Tower, Texas
Henry M. Jackson, Wash.
Robert T. Stafford, Vt.
Jennings Randolph, W.Va.
Strom Thurmond, S.C.
John C. Stennis, Miss.
Howard H. Baker Jr., Tenn.
Lloyd Bentsen, Texas
Barry Goldwater, Ariz.
Sam Nunn, Ga.
John H. Chafee, R.I.
Quentin N. Burdick, N.D.
John W. Warner, Va.
Gary Hart, Colo.
Alan K. Simpson, Wyo.
Gary Hart, Colo.
Gordon J. Humphrey, N.H.
J.J. Exon, Neb.
James Abdnor, S.D.
Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
William S. Cohen, Maine
Carl Levin, Mich.
Steven D. Symms, Idaho
N.Y.
Roger W. Jepsen, Iowa
Edward M. Kennedy, Mass.
Pete V. Domenici, N.M.
George J. Mitchell, Maine
Dan Quayle, Ind.
Jeff Bingaman, N.M.
Dave Durenberger, Minn.
Max Baucus, Mont.
John P. East, N.C
Gordon J. Humphrey, N.H.
Pete Wilson, Calif.
Finance
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
Room: 221 Dirksen
Phone: 224-4515
Room: 534 Dirksen
Phone: 224-7391
Robert Dole, Kan.
Russell B. Long, La.
Jake Garn, Utah
William Proxmire, Wis.
Bob Packwood, Ore.
Lloyd Bentsen, Texas
John Tower, Texas
Alan Cranston, Calif.
William V. Roth Jr., Del.
Spark M. Matsunaga,
John Heinz, Pa.
Donald W. Riegle Jr., Mich.
John C. Danforth, Mo.
Hawaii
William L. Armstrong, Colo.
Paul S. Sarbanes, Md.
John H. Chafee, R.I.
Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
Alfonse M. D'Amato, N.Y.
Christopher J. Dodd, Conn.
John Heinz, Pa.
N.Y.
Slade Gorton, Wash.
Alan J. Dixon, III.
Malcolm Wallop, Wyo.
Max Baucus, Mont.
Paula Hawkins, Fla.
Jim Sasser, Tenn.
Dave Durenberger, Minn.
David L. Boren, Okla.
Mack Mattingly, Ga.
Frank R. Lautenberg, N.J.
William L. Armstrong, Colo.
Bill Bradley: N.J.
Chic Hecht, Nev.
Steven D. Symms, Idaho
George J. Mitchell, Maine
Paul S. Trible Jr., Va.
Charles E. Grassley, Iowa
David Pryor, Ark.
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83. III
Foreign Relations
Rules and Administration
Room: 427 Dirksen
Phone: 224-4651
Room: 309 Russell
Phone: 224-6352
Charles H. Percy, III.
Claiborne Pell, R.I.
Charles McC. Mathias Jr.,
Wendell H. Ford, Ky.,
Howard H. Baker Jr., Tenn.
Joseph R. Biden Jr., Del.
Md.
Claiborne Pell, R.I.
Jesse A. Helms, N.C.
John Glenn, Ohio
Mark 0. Hatfield, Ore.
Robert C. Byrd, W.Va.
Richard G. Lugar, Ind.
Paul S. Sarbanes, Md.
Howard H. Baker Jr., Tenn.
Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii
Charles McC. Mathias Jr.,
Edward Zorinsky, Neb.
James A. McClure, Idaho
Dennis DeConcini, Ariz.
Md.
Paul E. Tsongas, Mass.
Jesse A. Helms, N.C.
Nancy Landon Kassebaum,
Alan Cranston, Calif.
John W. Warner, Va.
Kan.
Christopher J. Dodd, Conn.
Robert Dole, Kan.
Rudy Boschwitz, Minn.
Small Business
Larry Pressler, S.D.
Room: 428A Russell
Phone: 224-5175
Frank H. Murkowski, Alaska
Governmental Affairs
Lowell P. Weicker Jr., Conn.
Sam Nunn, Ga.
Room: 346 Dirksen
Phone: 224-4751
Bob Packwood, Ore.
Walter D. Huddleston, Ky.
Orrin G. Hatch, Utah
Dale Bumpers, Ark.
William V. Roth Jr., Del.
Thomas F. Eagleton, Mo.
Rudy Boschwitz, Minn.
Jim Sasser, Tenn.
Charles H. Percy, III.
Henry M. Jackson, Wash.
Slade Gorton, Wash.
Max Baucus, Mont.
Ted Stevens, Alaska
Lawton Chiles, Fla.
Don Nickles, Okla.
Carl Levin, Mich.
Charles McC. Mathias Jr.,
Sam Nunn, Ga.
Warren Rudman, N.H.
Paul E. Tsongas, Mass.
Md.
John Glenn, Ohio
Alfonse M. D'Amato, N.Y.
Alan J. Dixon, III.
William S. Cohen, Maine
Jim Sasser, Tenn.
Robert W. Kasten Jr., Wis.
David L. Boren, Okla.
Dave Durenberger, Minn.
Carl Levin, Mich.
Larry Pressler, S.D.
Warren Rudman, N.H.
Jeff Bingaman, N.M.
Veterans' Affairs
John C. Danforth, Mo.
Room: 414 Russell
Phone: 224-9126
Thad Cochran, Miss.
William L. Armstrong, Colo.
Alan K. Simpson, Wyo.
Alan Cranston, Calif.
Strom Thurmond, S.C.
Judiciary
Jennings Randolph, W.Va.
Robert T. Stafford, Vt.
Room: 224 Dirksen
Phone: 224-5225
Spark M. Matsunaga,
Frank H. Murkowski, Alaska
Hawaii
Strom Thurmond, S.C.
Joseph R. Biden Jr., Del.
Arlen Specter, Pa.
Dennis DeConcini, Ariz.
Charles McC. Mathias Jr.,
Edward M. Kennedy; Mass.
Vacancy
George J. Mitchell, Maine
Md.
Robert C. Byrd, W.Va.
Vacancy
Paul Laxalt, Nev.
Howard M. Metzenbaum,
Orrin G. Hatch, Utah
Ohio
Aging (Special)
Room: G-37 Dirksen
Phone: 224-5364
Robert Dole, Kan.
Dennis DeConcini, Ariz.
Alan K. Simpson, Wyo.
Patrick J. Leahy, Vt.
John Heinz, Pa.
John Glenn, Ohio
John P. East, N.C.
Max Baucus, Mont.
Pete V. Domenici, N.M.
Lawton Chiles, Fla.
Charles E. Grassley, Iowa
Howell T. Heflin, Ala.
Charles H. Percy, III.
John Melcher, Mont.
Jeremiah Denton, Ala. -
Nancy Landon Kassebaum,
David Pryor, Ark.
Arlen Specter. Pa.
Kan.
Bill Bradley, N.J.
Labor and Human Resources
William S. Cohen, Maine
Quentin N. Burdick, N.D.
Room: 428 Dirksen Phone: 224-5375
Larry Pressler, S.D.
Christopher J. Dodd, Conn.
Charles E. Grassley, Iowa
Orrin C. Hatch, Utah
Edward M. Kennedy, Mass.
Pete Wilson, Calif.
Robert T. Stafford. Vt.
Jennings Randolph, W.Va.
Dan Quayle, Ind.
Claiborne Pell, R.I.
Don Nickles, Okla.
Thomas F. Eagleton, Mo.
Gordon J. Humphrey, N.H.
Donald W. Riegle Jr., Mich.
Jeremiah Denton, Ala.
Howard M. Metzenbaum,
Lowell P. Weicker Jr., Conn.
Ohio
Charles E. Grassley, Iowa
Spark M. Matsunaga, Ha-
Alfonse M. D'Amato, N.Y.
waii
IV NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
House Directory
Name
Room
Extension
Chappell, Bill, Jr. (Fla.)
2468
225-4035
For House Members, three-digit room numbers are in the
Chappie, Eugene (Calif.)
1730
3076
Cannon Building, four-digit numbers beginning with "1" are in
Cheney, Dick (Wyo.)
225
2311
Longworth and those beginning with "2" are in Rayburn. The
Clarke, James McClure (N.C.)
415
6401
address for each building is Washington, D.C., 20515. The room
Clay, William (Bill) (Mo.)
2470
2406
assignments are current as of Jan. 18 and are subject to change.
Clinger, William F., Jr. (Pa.)
1122
5121
Democrats are listed in roman type and Republicans are in
Coats, Dan (Ind.)
1417
4436
italic.
Coelho, Tony (Calif.)
403
6131
Coleman, E. Thomas (Mo.)
2344
7041
Coleman, Ronald D. (Texas)
1017
4831
Name
Room
Extension
Collins, Cardiss (III.)
2264
5006
Addabbo, Joseph P. (N.Y.)
2365
225-3461
Conable, Barber B., Jr. (N.Y.)
237
3615
Akaka, Daniel K. (Hawaii)
1007
4906
Conte, Silvio O. (Mass.)
2300
5335
Albosta, Donald Joseph (Mich.)
1434
3561
Conyers, John, Jr. (Mich.)
2313
5126
Alexander, Bill (Ark.)
233
4076
Cooper, Jim (Tenn.)
425
6831
Anderson, Glenn M. (Calif.)
2329
6676
Corcoran, Tom (III.)
2447
2976
Andrews, lke (N.C.)
2201
1784
Corrada, Baltasar (P.R.)
1410
2615
Andrews, Michael A. (Texas)
1039
7508
Coughlin, Lawrence (Pa.)
2467
6111
Annunzio, Frank (III.)
2303
6661
Courter, James A. (N.J.)
325
5801
Anthony, Beryl F., Jr. (Ark.)
1117
3772
Coyne, William J. (Pa.)
424
2301
Applegate, Douglas (Ohio)
2464
6265
Craig, Larry E. (Idaho)
1318
6611
Archer, Bill (Texas)
1135
2571
Crane, Daniel B. (III.)
115
5001
Aspin, Les (Wis.)
442
3031
Crane, Philip M. (III.)
1035
3711
AuCoin, Les (Ore.)
2159
0855
Crockett, George W., Jr. (Mich.)
1531
2261
Badham, Robert E. (Calif.)
2438
5611
D'Amours, Norman E. (N.H.)
2242
5456
Barnard, Doug, Jr. (Ga.)
236
4101
Daniel, Dan (Va.)
2368
4711
Barnes, Michael D. (Md.)
401
5341
Dannemeyer, William E. (Calif.)
1032
4111
Bartlett. Steve (Texas)
1233
4201
Daschle, Thomas A. (S.D.)
439
2801
Bateman, Herbert H. (Va.)
1518
4261
Daub, Hal (Neb.)
1019
4155
Bates. Jim (Calif.)
1632
5452
Davis, Robert W. (Mich.)
1124
4735
Bedell, Berkley (lowa)
2459
5476
de la Garza, E (Texas)
1401
2531
Beilenson, Anthony C. (Calif.)
1025
5911
de Lugo, Ron (V.I.)
2443
1790
Bennett, Charles E. (Fla.)
2107
2501
Dellums, Ronald V. (Calif.)
2136
2661
Bereuter, Douglas K. (Neb.)
1314
4806
Derrick, Butler (S.C.)
201
5301
Berman, Howard L. (Calif.)
1022
4695
DeWine, Michael (Ohio)
1407
4324
Bethune. Ed (Ark.)
1535
2506
Dickinson, William L. (Ala.)
2406
2901
Bevill. Tom (Ala.)
2302
4876
Dicks, Norman D. (Wash.)
2429
5916
Biaggi. Mario (N.Y.)
2428
2464
Dingell, John D. (Mich.)
2221
4071
Bilirakis, Michael (Fla.)
319
5755
Dixon, Julian C. (Calif.)
423
7084
Bliley: Thomas J., Jr. (Va.)
213
2815
Donnelly, Brian J. (Mass.)
438
3215
Boehlert, Sherwood L. (N.Y.)
1641
4741
Dorgan, Byron L. (N.D.)
238
2611
Boggs, Lindy (La.)
2353
6636
Dowdy, Wayne (Miss.)
214
5865
Boland, Edward P. (Mass.)
2426
5601
Downey, Thomas J. (N.Y.)
303
3335
Boner, William Hill (Tenn.)
107
4311
Dreier, David (Calif.)
410
2305
Bonior, David E. (Mich.)
1130
2106
Duncan, John J. (Tenn.)
2458
5435
Bonker, Don (Wash.)
434
3536
Durbin, Richard J. (III.)
417
5271
Borski, Robert A. (Pa.)
314
8251
Dwyer, Bernard J. (N.J.)
404
6301
Bosco, Douglas H. (Calif.)
1330
3311
Dymally, Mervyn M. (Calif.)
1717
5425
Boucher, Frederick C. (Va.)
1723
3861
Dyson, Roy (Md.)
224
5311
Bouquard, Marilyn Lloyd (Tenn.)
2334
3271
Early, Joseph D. (Mass.)
2349
6101
Boxer, Barbara (Calif.)
1517
5161
Eckart, Dennis E. (Ohio)
1221
6331
Breaux, John B. (La.)
2113
2031
Edgar, Bob (Pa.)
2352
2011
Britt, C. Robin (N.C.)
327
3065
Edwards, Don (Calif.)
2307
3072
Brooks. Jack (Texas)
2449
6565
Edwards, Jack (Ala.)
2369
4931
Broomfield, William S. (Mich.)
2306
6135
Edwards, Mickey (Okla.)
2434
2132
Brown, George E., Jr. (Calif.)
2256
6161
Emerson, Bill (Mo.)
418
4404
Brown, Hank (Colo.)
1510
4676
English, Glenn (Okla.)
2235
5565
Broyhill, James T. (N.C.)
2340
2576
Erdreich, Ben (Ala.)
512
4921
Bryant, John (Texas)
506
2231
Erlenborn, John N. (IIL)
2206
3515
Burton, Dan (Ind.)
120
2276
Evans, Cooper (lowa)
127
3301
Burton, Phillip (Calif.)
2304
4965
Evans, Lane (III.)
1427
5905
Byron, Beverly B. (Md.)
1216
2721
Fascell, Dante B. (Fla.)
2354
4506
Campbell, Carroll A., Jr. (S.C.)
408
6030
Fauntroy, Walter E. (D.C.)
2135
8050
Carney, William (N.Y.)
1424
3826
Fazio, Vic (Calif.)
421
5716
Carper, Thomas R. (Del.)
1020
4165
Feighan, Edward F. (Ohio)
1223
5731
Carr, Bob (Mich.)
2439
4872
Ferraro, Geraldine A. (N.Y.)
312
3965
Chandler, Rod (Wash.)
216
7761
Fiedler, Bobbi (Calif.)
1607
5811
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83 V
Name
Room
Extension
Name
Room
Extension
Fields, Jack (Texas)
413
225-4901
Jenkins, Ed (Ga.)
217
225-5211
Fish, Hamilton, Jr. (N.Y.)
2227
5441
Johnson, Nancy L. (Conn.)
119
4476
Flippo. Ronnie G. (Ala.)
405
4801
Jones, Ed (Tenn.)
108
4714
Florio. James J. (N.J.)
2162
6501
Jones, James R. (Okla.)
203
2211
Foglietta, Thomas M. (Pa.)
1217
4731
Jones, Walter B. (N.C.)
241
3101
Foley. Thomas S. (Wash.)
1201
2006
Kaptur, Marcy (Ohio)
1630
4146
Ford. Harold E. (Tenn.)
2305
3265
Kasich, John R. (Ohio)
1724
5355
Ford. William D. (Mich.)
239
6261
Kastenmeier, Robert W. (Wis.)
2232
2906
Forsythe. Edwin B. (N.J.)
2210
4765
Kazen, Abraham, Jr. (Texas)
2408
4511
Fowler. Wyche. Jr. (Ga.)
1210
3801
Kemp, Jack F. (N.Y.)
2252
5265
Frank. Barney (Mass.)
1317
5931
Kennelly, Barbara B. (Conn.)
1228
2265
Franklin, Webb (Miss.)
508
5876
Kildee, Dale E. (Mich.)
2432
3611
Frenzel. Bill (Minn.)
1026
2871
Kindness, Thomas N. (Ohio)
2417
6205
Frost, Martin (Texas)
1238
3605
Kogovsek, Ray (Colo.)
430
4761
Fuqua. Don (Fla.)
2269
5235
Kolter, Joe (Pa.)
212
2565
Garcia. Robert (N.Y.)
223
4361
Kostmayer, Peter H. (Pa.)
123
4276
Gaydos. Joseph M. (Pa.)
2366
4631
Kramer, Ken (Colo.)
240
4422
Gejdenson, Sam (Conn.)
1404
2076
LaFalce, John J. (N.Y.)
2419
3231
Gekas, George W. (Pa.)
1008
4315
Lagomarsino, Robert J. (Calif.)
2332
3601
Gephardt. Richard A. (Mo.)
1436
2671
Lantos, Tom (Calif.)
1707
3531
Gibbons. Sam (Fla.)
2204
3376
Latta, Delbert L. (Ohio)
2309
6405
Gilman, Benjamin A. (N.Y.)
2160
3776
Leach, Jim (lowa)
1514
6576
Gingrich, Newt (Ga.)
1005
4501
Leath, Marvin (Texas)
336
6105
Glickman, Dan (Kan.)
2435
6216
Lehman, Richard H. (Calif.)
1319
4540
Gonzalez. Henry B. (Texas)
2413
3236
Lehman, William (Fla.)
2347
4211
Goodling. William F. (Pa.)
2263
5836
Leland, Mickey (Texas)
419
3816
Gore, Albert, Jr. (Tenn.)
1131
4231
Lent, Norman F. (N.Y.)
2228
7896
Gradison, Willis D., Jr. (Ohio)
2311
3164
Levin, Sander (Mich.)
323
4961
Gray, William H., III (Pa.)
204
4001
Levine, Mel (Calif.)
502
6451
Green, Bill (N.Y.)
1110
2436
Levitas, Elliott H. (Ga.)
2416
4272
Gregg. Judd (N.H.)
308
5206
Lewis, Jerry (Calif.)
326
5861
Guarini, Frank J. (N.J.)
206
2765
Lewis, Tom (Fla.)
1313
5792
Gunderson. Steve (Wis.)
416
5506
Lipinski, William O. (III.)
1222
5701
Hall. Katie (Ind.)
132
2461
Livingston, Bob (La.)
306
3015
Hall, Ralph M. (Texas)
1224
6673
Loeffler, Tom (Texas)
1212
4236
Hall, Sam B., Jr. (Texas)
2236
3035
Long, Clarence D. (Md.)
2405
3601
Hall, Tony P. (Ohio)
1728
6465
Long, Gillis W. (La.)
2185
4926
Hamilton, Lee H. (Ind.)
2187
5315
Lott, Trent (Miss.)
2400
5772
Hammerschmidt, John Paul (Ark.)
2207
4301
Lowery, Bill (Calif.)
1440
3201
Hance, Kent (Texas)
1214
4005
Lowry, Mike (Wash.)
1206
3106
Hansen, George (Idaho)
1125
5531
Lujan, Manuel, Jr. (N.M.)
1323
6316
Hansen, James V. (Utah)
1113
0453
Luken, Thomas A. (Ohio)
2342
2216
Harkin, Tom (lowa)
2411
3806
Lundine, Stan (N.Y.)
2427
3161
Harrison, Frank (Pa.)
1541
6511
Lungren, Daniel E. (Calif.)
328
2415
Hartnett, Thomas F. (S.C.)
228
3176
Mack, Connie (Fla.)
504
2536
Hatcher, Charles (Ga.)
1726
3631
MacKay, Buddy (Fla.)
503
5744
Hawkins, Augustus F. (Calif.)
2371
2201
Madigan, Edward R. (III.)
2312
2371
Hefner, W. G. (Bill) (N.C.)
2161
3715
Markey, Edward J. (Mass.)
205
2836
Heftel, Cecil (Cec) (Hawaii)
1030
2726
Marlenee, Ron (Mont.)
409
1555
Hertel. Dennis M. (Mich.)
218
6276
Marriott, Dan (Utah)
1133
3011
Hightower, Jack (Texas)
2348
3706
Martin, David O'B. (N.Y.)
109
4611
Hiler, John (Ind.)
316
3915
Martin, James G. (N.C.)
2186
1976
Hillis, Elwood (Ind.)
2336
5037
Martin, Lynn (III.)
1208
5676
Holt, Marjorie S. (Md.)
2412
8090
Martinez, Matthew G.(Calif.)
1714
5464
Hopkins, Larry J. (Ky.)
331
4706
Matsui, Robert T. (Calif.)
231
7163
Horton, Frank (N.Y.)
2229
4916
Mavroules, Nicholas (Mass.)
1204
8020
Howard, James J. (N.J.)
2245
4671
Mazzoli, Romano L. (Ky.)
2246
5401
Hoyer, Steny F. (Md.)
1513
4131
McCain, John (Ariz.)
1123
2635
Hubbard, Carroll, Jr. (Ky.)
2182
3115
McCandless, Alfred A. (Calif.)
510
5330
Huckaby, Jerry (La.)
2444
2376
McCloskey, Frank (Ind.)
116
4636
Hughes, William J. (N.J.)
341
6572
McCollum, Bill (Fla.)
1507
2176
Hunter, Duncan L. (Calif.)
117
5672
McCurdy, Dave (Okla.)
313
6165
Hutto, Earl (Fla.)
330
4136
McDade, Joseph M. (Pa.)
2370
3731
Hyde, Henry J. (III.)
2104
4561
McDonald, Larry (Ga.)
103
2931
Ireland, Andy (Fla.)
2446
5015
McEwen, Bob (Ohio)
329
5705
Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. (Ind.)
1533
4011
McGrath, Raymond J. (N.Y.)
431
5516
Jeffords, James M. (Vt.)
2431
4115
McHugh, Matthew F. (N.Y.)
2335
6335
VI NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
Name
Room
Extension
Name
Room
Extension
McKernan, John R., Jr. (Maine)
1428
225-6116
Ritter, Don (Pa.)
124
225-6411
McKinney, Stewart B. (Conn.)
106
5541
Roberts, Pat (Kan.)
1519
2715
McNulty, James F., Jr. (Ariz.)
1338
2542
Robinson, J. Kenneth (Va.)
2233
6561
Mica, Dan (Fla.)
131
3001
Rodino, Peter W., Jr. (N.J.)
2462
3436
Michel, Robert H. (111.)
2112
6201
Roe, Robert A. (N.J.)
2243
5751
Mikulski, Barbara A. (Md.)
407
4016
Roemer, Buddy (La.)
125
2777
Miller. Clarence E. (Ohio)
2208
5131
Rogers, Harold (Ky:)
1028
4601
Miller, George (Calif.)
2422
2095
Rose, Charles (N.C.)
2230
2731
Mineta. Norman Y. (Calif.)
2350
2631
Rostenkowski, Dan (III.)
2111
4061
Minish. Joseph G. (N.J.)
2109
5035
Roth, Toby (Wis.)
215
5665
Mitchell. Parren J. (Md.)
2367
4741
Roukema, Marge (N.J.)
226
4465
Moakley, Joe (Mass.)
221
8273
Rowland, J. Roy (Ga.)
513
6531
Molinari, Guy V. (N.Y.)
412
3371
Roybal. Edward R. (Calif.)
2211
6235
Mollohan, Alan B. (W.Va.)
516
4172
Rudd, Eldon (Ariz.)
2244
3361
Montgomery, G. V. (Sonny) (Miss.)
2184
5031
Russo. Marty (III.)
2457
5736
Moody, Jim (Wis.)
1631
3571
Sabo, Martin Olav (Minn.)
436
4755
Moore. W. Henson (La.)
2404
3901
Savage. Gus (III.)
1121
0773
Moorhead. Carlos J. (Calif.)
2346
4176
Sawyer. Harold S. (Mich.)
301
3831
Morrison, Bruce A. (Conn.)
437
3661
Scheuer, James H. (N.Y.)
2402
5471
Morrison, Sid (Wash.)
208
5816
Schneider, Claudine (R.I.)
1431
2735
Mrazek, Robert J. (N.Y.)
509
5956
Schroeder, Patricia (Colo.)
2410
4431
Murphy. Austin J. (Pa.)
2437
4665
Schulze, Richard T. (Pa.)
2421
5761
Murtha, John P. (Pa.)
2423
2065
Schumer, Charles E. (N.Y.)
126
6616
Myers. John T. (Ind.)
2301
5805
Seiberling, John F. (Ohio)
1225
5231
Natcher, William H. (Ky:)
2333
3501
Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. (Wis.)
315
5101
Neal, Stephen L. (N.C.)
2463
2071
Shannon, James M. (Mass.)
229
3411
Nelson, Bill (Fla.)
307
3671
Sharp, Philip R. (Ind.)
2452
3021
Nichols, Bill (Ala.)
2407
3261
Shaw; E. Clay, Jr. (Fla.)
322
3026
Nielson. Howard C. (Utah)
1229
7751
Shelby, Richard C. (Ala.)
1705
2665
Nowak, Henry J. (N.Y.)
2240
3306
Shumway, Norman D. (Calif.)
1203
2511
Oakar, Mary Rose (Ohio)
2436
5871
Shuster, Bud (Pa.)
2455
2431
Oberstar, James L. (Minn.)
2351
6211
Sikorski, Gerry (Minn.)
414
2271
Obey: David R. (Wis.)
2217
3365
Siljander, Mark D. (Mich.)
137
3761
O'Brien, George M. (III.)
2262
3635
Simon, Paul (111.)
343
5201
Olin. James R. (Jim) (Va.)
1207
5431
Sisisky, Norman (Va.)
1429
6365
O'Neill, Thomas P., Jr. (Mass.)
2231
5111
Skeen, Joe (N.M.)
1508
2365
Ortiz. Solomon P. (Texas)
1524
7742
Skelton, lke (Mo.)
2453
2876
Ottinger, Richard L. (N.Y.)
2241
6506
Slattery, Jim (Kan.)
1729
6601
Owens, Major R. (N.Y.)
114
6231
Smith, Christopher H. (N.J.)
422
3765
Oxley: Michael G. (Ohio)
1108
2676
Smith, Denny' (Ore.)
1213
5711
Packard. Ronald (Calif.)
511
3906
Smith, Larry (Fla.)
113
7931
Panetta. Leon E. (Calif.)
339
2861
Smith, Neal (lowa)
2373
4426
Parris. Stan (Va.)
230
4376
Smith, Robert F. (Ore.)
118
6730
Pashayan, Charles, Jr. (Calif.)
129
3341
Smith, Virginia (Neb.)
2202
6435
Patman, Bill (Texas)
1408
2831
Snowe. Olympia J. (Maine)
133
6306
Patterson, Jerry M. (Calif.)
2238
2965
Snyder, Gene (Ky.)
2188
3465
Paul, Ron (Texas)
1234
5951
Solarz, Stephen J. (N.Y.)
1536
2361
Pease, Donald J. (Ohio)
1127
3401
Solomon, Gerald B. H. (N.Y.)
227
5614
Penny. Timothy J. (Minn.)
501
2472
Spence, Floyd (S.C.)
2466
2452
Pepper, Claude (Fla.)
2239
3931
Spratt, John M., Jr. (S.C.)
1118
5501
Perkins, Carl D. (Ky.)
2328
4935
Staggers, Harley O., Jr. (W.Va.)
1504
4331
Petri, Thomas E. (Wis.)
1024
2476
Stangeland, Arlan (Minn.)
1526
2165
Pickle, J. J. (Texas)
242
4865
Stark, Fortney H. (Pete) (Calif.)
1034
5065
Porter, John Edward (III.)
1530
4835
Stenholm, Charles W. (Texas)
1232
6605
Price, Melvin (III.)
2110
5661
St Germain, Fernand J. (R.I.)
2108
4911
Pritchard, Joel (Wash.)
2268
6311
Stokes, Louis (Ohio)
2465
7032
Pursell, Carl D. (Mich.)
1417
4401
Stratton, Samuel S. (N.Y.)
2205
5076
Quillen, James H. (Jimmy) (Tenn.)
102
6356
Studds, Gerry E. (Mass.)
1501
3111
Rahall, Nick Joe, 11 (W.Va.)
440
3452
Stump, Bob (Ariz.)
211
4576
Rangel. Charles B. (N.Y.)
2330
4365
Sundquist, Don (Tenn.)
515
2811
Ratchford, William R. (Conn.)
432
3822
Sunia, Fofo I. F. (Am. Samoa)
1709
8577
Ray, Richard (Ga.)
514
5901
Swift, Al (Wash.)
1502
2605
Regula, Ralph (Ohio)
2209
3876
Synar, Mike (Okla.)
1713
2701
Reid, Harry (Nev.)
1711
5965
Tallon, Robin (S.C.)
128
3315
Richardson, Bill (N.M.)
1610
6190
Tauke, Thomas J. (Iowa)
435
2911
Ridge, Thomas J. (Pa.)
1331
5406
Tauzin, W. J. (Billy) (La.)
222
4031
Rinaldo, Matthew J. (N.J.)
2338
5361
Taylor, Gene (Mo.)
2134
6536
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
VII
Name
Room
Extension
Name
Room
Extension
Thomas, Robert Lindsay (Ga.)
427
225-5831
Whitley, Charles (N.C.)
104
225-3415
Thomas, William M. (Calif.)
324
2915
Whittaker, Bob (Kan.)
332
3911
Torres, Esteban Edward (Calif.)
1740
5256
Whitten, Jamie L. (Minn.)
2314
4306
Torricelli, Robert G. (N.J.)
317
5061
Williams, Lyle (Ohio)
1004
5261
Towns, Edolphus (N.Y.)
1009
5936
Williams, Pat (Mont.)
1512
3211
Traxler, Bob (Mich.)
2448
2806
Wilson, Charles (Texas)
2265
2401
Udall, Morris K. (Ariz.)
235
4065
Winn, Larry: Jr. (Kan.)
2308
2865
Valentine, (Tim), (N.C.)
1107
4531
Wirth, Timothy E. (Colo.)
2454
2161
Vandergriff, Tom J. (Texas)
1529
7772
Wise, Robert E., Jr. (W.Va.)
1725
2711
Vander Jagt, Guy (Mich.)
2409
3511
Wolf, Frank R. (Va.)
130
5136
Vento, Bruce F. (Minn.)
2433
6631
Wolpe, Howard (Mich.)
1527
5011
Volkmer, Harold L. (Mo.)
1230
2956
Won Pat, Antonio Borja (Guam)
2133
1188
Vucanovich, Barbara F. (Nev.)
507
6155
Wortley, George C. (N.Y.)
428
3701
Walgren, Doug (Pa.)
2441
2135
Wright, Jim (Texas)
1236
5071
Walker, Robert S. (Pa.)
2445
2411
Wyden, Ron (Ore.)
1406
4811
Washington, Harold (III.)
426
4372
Wylie, Chalmers P. (Ohio)
2310
2015
Watkins, Wes (Okla.)
2440
4565
Yates, Sidney R. (III.)
2234
2111
Waxman, Henry A. (Calif.)
2418
3976
Yatron, Gus (Pa.)
2267
5546
Weaver, James (Ore.)
1226
6416
Young, C. W. (Bill) (Fla.)
2266
5961
Weber. Vin (Minn.)
318
2331
Young, Don (Alaska)
2331
5765
Weiss, Ted (N.Y.)
2442
5635
Young, Robert A. (Mo.)
2430
2561
Wheat, Alan (Mo.)
1609
4535
Zablocki, Clement J. (Wis.)
2183
4572
Whitehurst, G. William (Va.)
2469
4215
Zschau, Ed (Calif.)
429
5411
House Committee Assignments
Appropriations
Here are assignments to House committees for the 98th Con-
Room: H-218 Capitol
Phone: 255-2771
gress, with committee rooms and telephone numbers. Chairmen
Jamie L. Whitten, Miss.
Silvio O. Conte, Mass.
are listed in bold face and Republicans are in italic. In some
Edward P. Boland, Mass.
Joseph M. McDade, Pa.
cases, the assignments are subject to further change. In addi-
William H. Natcher, Ky.
Jack Edwards, Ala.
tion, several vacancies remain to be filled.
Neal Smith, lowa
John T. Myers, Ind.
Joseph P. Addabbo, N.Y.
J. Kenneth Robinson, Va.
Agriculture
Clarence D. Long, Md.
Clarence E. Miller, Ohio
Room: 1301 Longworth Phone: 225-2171
Sidney R. Yates, III.
Lawrence Coughlin, Pa.
E de la Garza, Texas
Edward R. Madigan, III.
David R. Obey, Wis.
C. W. (Bill) Young, Fla.
Thomas S. Foley, Wash.
James M. Jeffords, Vt.
Edward R. Roybal, Calif.
Jack F. Kemp, N.Y.
Walter B. Jones, N.C.
E. Thomas Coleman, Mo.
Louis Stokes, Ohio
Ralph Regula, Ohio
Ed Jones, Tenn.
Ron Marlenee, Mont.
Tom Bevill, Ala.
George M. O'Brien, III.
George E. Brown Jr.,
Larry J. Hopkins, Ky.
Bill Chappell Jr., Fla.
Virginia Smith, Neb.
Calif.
George Hansen, Idaho
Bill Alexander, Ark.
Eldon Rudd, Ariz.
Charles Rose, N.C.
Arlan Stangeland, Minn.
John P. Murtha, Pa.
Carl D. Pursell, Mich.
James Weaver, Ore.
Pat Roberts, Kan.
Bob Traxler, Mich.
Mickey Edwards, Okla.
Tom Harkin, Iowa
Bill Emerson, Mo.
Joseph D. Early, Mass.
Bob Livingston, La.
Berkley Bedell, Iowa
Joe Skeen, N.M.
Charles Wilson, Texas
Bill Green, N.Y.
Glenn English, Okla.
Sid Morrison, Wash.
Lindy Boggs, La.
Tom Loeffler, Texas
Leon E. Panetta, Calif.
Steve Gunderson, Wis.
Norman D. Dicks, Wash.
Jerry Lewis, Calif.
Jerry Huckaby, La.
Cooper Evans, lowa
Matthew F. McHugh, N.Y.
John Edward Porter, III.
Dan Glickman, Kan.
Gene Chappie, Calif.
William Lehman, Fla.
Harold Rogers, Ky:
Charles Whitley, N.C.
Webb Franklin, Miss.
Jack Hightower, Texas
Tony Coelho, Calif.
Martin Olav Sabo, Minn.
Thomas A. Daschle, S.D.
Julian C. Dixon, Calif.
Charles W. Stenholm, Texas
Vic Fazio, Calif.
Harold L. Volkmer, Mo.
W.G. (Bill) Hefner, N.C.
Charles Hatcher, Ga.
Les AuCoin, Ore.
Robin Tallon, S.C.
Daniel K. Akaka, Hawaii
Harley O. Staggers Jr.,
Wes Watkins, Okla.
W. Va.
William H. Gray III, Pa.
Richard J. Durbin, III.
Bernard J. Dwyer, N.J.
Lane Evans, III.
William R. Ratchford, Conn.
Robert Lindsay Thomas,
William Hill Boner, Tenn.
Ga.
Steny H. Hoyer, Md.
James R. (Jim) Olin, Va.
Bob Carr, Mich.
Timothy J. Penny, Minn.
Robert J. Mrazek, N.Y.
VIII
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
Armed Services
Budget
Room: 2120 Rayburn
Phone: 225-4151
Room: 214 Annex 1
Phone: 225-7200
Melvin Price, III.
William L. Dickinson, Ala.
James R. Jones, Okla.
Delbert L. Latta, Ohio
Charles E. Bennett, Fla.
G. William Whitehurst, Va.
Jim Wright, Texas
Bud Shuster, Pa.
Samuel S. Stratton, N.Y.
Floyd Spence, S.C.
Stephen J. Solarz, N.Y.
Bill Frenzel, Minn.
Bill Nichols. Ala.
Marjorie S. Holt, Md.
Timothy E. Wirth, Colo.
Jack F. Kemp, N.Y.
Dan Daniel, Va.
Elwood Hillis, Indiana
Leon E. Panetta, Calif.
Ed Bethune, Ark.
G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery,
Robert E. Badham, Calif.
Richard A. Gephardt, Mo.
Lynn M. Martin, Ill.
Miss.
Bob Stump, Ariz.
Bill Nelson, Fla.
Bobbi Fiedler, Calif.
Les Aspin, Wis.
James A. Courter, N.J.
Les Aspin, Wis.
Tom Loeffier, Texas
Ronald V. Dellums, Calif.
Larry J. Hopkins, Ky.
W.G. (Bill) Hefner, N.C.
Willis D. Gradison Jr., Ohio
Patricia Schroeder, Colo.
Robert W. Davis, Mich.
Thomas J. Downey, N.Y.
Connie Mack, Fla.
Abraham Kazen Jr., Texas
Ken Kramer, Colo.
Brian J. Donnelly, Mass.
Vacancy
Antonio Borja Won Pat,
Duncan Hunter, Calif.
Mike Lowry, Wash.
Guam
Thomas F. Hartnett, S.C.
Butler Derrick, S.C.
Larry McDonald, Ga.
Daniel B. Crane, III.
George Miller, Calif.
Beverly B. Byron, Md.
David O'B. Martin, N.Y.
William H. Gray III, Pa.
Nicholas Mavroules, Mass.
John R. Kasich, Ohio
Pat Williams, Mont.
Earl Hutto, Fla.
Geraldine A. Ferraro, N.Y.
lke Skelton, Mo.
Howard Wolpe, Mich.
Marvin Leath, Texas
Martin Frost, Texas
Dave McCurdy, Okla.
Vic Fazio, Calif.
Thomas M. Foglietta, Pa.
District of Columbia
Roy Dyson, Md.
Room: 1310 Longworth
Phone: 225-4457
Dennis M. Hertel, Mich.
Marilyn Lloyd Bouquard,
Ronald V. Dellums, Calif.
Stewart B. McKinney, Conn.
Tenn.
Walter E. Fauntroy, D.C.
Stan Parris, Va.
Norman Sisisky, Va.
Romano L. Mazzoli, Ky.
Thomas J. Bliley Jr., Va.
Richard Ray. Ga.
Fortney H. (Pete) Stark,
Marjorie S. Holt, Md.
John M. Spratt Jr., S.C.
Calif.
Frank McCloskey, Ind.
Mickey Leland, Texas
C. Robin Britt, N.C.
William H. Gray 111, Pa.
Solomon P. Ortiz, Texas
Michael D. Barnes, Md.
Ronald D. Coleman, Texas
Mervyn M. Dymally, Calif.
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
Education and Labor
Room: 2129 Rayburn
Phone: 225-4247
Room: 2181 Rayburn
Phone: 225-4527
Fernand J. St Germain, R.I.
Chalmers P. Wylie, Ohio
Carl D. Perkins, Ky.
John N. Erlenborn, Ill.
Henry B. Gonzalez, Texas
Stewart B. McKinney, Conn.
Augustus F. Hawkins, Calif.
James M. Jeffords, Vt.
Joseph G. Minish, N.J.
George Hansen, Idaho
William D. Ford, Mich.
William F. Goodling, Pa.
Frank Annunzio, III.
Jim Leach, Iowa
Phillip Burton, Calif.
E. Thomas Coleman, Mo.
Parren J. Mitchell, Md.
Ron Paul, Texas
Joseph M. Gaydos, Pa.
Thomas E. Petri, Wis.
Walter E. Fauntroy, D.C.
Ed Bethune, Ark.
William (Bill) Clay, Mo.
Marge Roukema, N.J.
Stephen L. Neal, N.C.
Norman D. Shumway, Calif.
Mario Biaggi, N.Y.
Larry E. Craig, Idaho
Jerry M. Patterson, Calif.
Stan Parris, Va.
Ike Andrews, N.C.
Steve Gunderson, Wis.
Carroll Hubbard Jr., Ky.
Bill McCollum, Fla.
Paul Simon, III.
Steve Bartlett, Texas
John J. LaFalce, N.Y.
George C. Wortley, N.Y.
George Miller, Calif.
Ronald C. Packard, Calif.
Norman E. D'Amours, N.H.
Marge Roukema, N.J.
Austin J. Murphy, Pa.
Stan Lundine, N.Y.
Bill Lowery, Calif.
Ted Weiss, N.Y.
Mary Rose Oakar, Ohio
Douglas K. Bereuter, Neb.
Baltasar Corrada, P.R.
Bruce F. Vento, Minn.
David Dreier, Calif.
Dale E. Kildee, Mich.
Doug Barnard Jr., Ga.
John Hiler, Ind.
Pat Williams, Mont.
Robert Garcia, N.Y.
Thomas J. Ridge, Pa.
Ray Kogovsek, Colo.
Mike Lowry, Wash.
Steve Bartlett, Texas
Harold Washington, 111.
Charles E. Schumer, N.Y.
Matthew G. Martinez, Calif.
Barney Frank, Mass.
Major R. Owens, N.Y.
Bill Patman, Texas
Frank Harrison, Pa.
William J. Coyne, Pa.
Frederick C. Boucher, Va.
Buddy Roemer, La.
Richard H. Lehman, Calif.
Energy and Commerce
Room: 2125 Rayburn
Phone: 225-2927
Bruce A. Morrison, Conn.
Jim Cooper, Tenn.
John D. Dingell, Mich.
James T. Broyhill, N.C.
Marcy Kaptur, Ohio
James H. Scheuer, N.Y.
Norman F. Lent, N.Y.
Ben Erdreich, Ala.
Richard L. Ottinger, N.Y.
Edward R. Madigan, III.
Sander M. Levin, Mich.
Henry A. Waxman, Calif.
Carlos J. Moorhead, Calif.
Thomas R. Carper, Del.
Timothy E. Wirth, Colo.
Matthew J. Rinaldo, N.J.
Esteban Torres, Calif.
Philip R. Sharp, Ind.
Tom Corcoran, III.
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83 IX
James J. Florio, N.J.
William E. Dannemeyer,
Buddy MacKay, Fla.
Edward J. Markey, Mass.
Calif.
Mel Levine, Calif.
Thomas A. Luken, Ohio
Bob Whittaker, Kan.
Major R. Owens, N.Y.
Doug Walgren, Pa.
Thomas J. Tauke, lowa
Edolphus Towns, N.Y.
Albert Gore Jr., Tenn.
Don Ritter, Pa.
John M. Spratt Jr., S.C.
Barbara A. Mikulski, Md.
Dan Coats, Ind.
Joe Kolter, Pa.
Al Swift, Wash.
Thomas J. Bliley Jr., Va.
Ben Erdreich, Ala.
Mickey Leland, Texas
Jack Fields, Texas
House Administration
Richard C. Shelby, Ala.
Michael G. Oxley, Ohio
Howard Nielson, Utah
Room: H-326 Capitol
Phone: 225-2061
Cardiss Collins, III.
Mike Synar, Okla.
Augustus F. Hawkins, Calif.
Bill Frenzel, Minn.
W. J. (Billy) Tauzin, La.
Frank Annunzio, III.
William L. Dickinson, Ala.
Ron Wyden, Ore.
Joseph M. Gaydos, Pa.
Robert E. Badham, Calif.
Ralph M. Hall, Texas
Ed Jones, Tenn.
Newt Gingrich, Ga.
Dennis E. Eckart, Ohio
Joseph G. Minish, N.J.
William M. Thomas, Calif.
Wayne Dowdy, Miss.
Charles Rose, N.C.
Lynn Martin, III.
Bill Richardson, N.M.
Al Swift, Wash.
Rod Chandler, Wash.
Jim Slattery, Kan.
William J. Coyne, Pa.
Gerry Sikorski, Minn.
Thomas S. Foley, Wash.
John Bryant, Texas
Mary Rose Oakar, Ohio
Jim Bates, Calif.
Tony Coelho, Calif.
Jim Bates, Calif.
Foreign Affairs
Room 2170 Rayburn
Phone: 225-5021
Interior and Insular Affairs
Clement J. Zablocki, Wis.
Room: 1324 Longworth
Phone: 225-2761
William S. Broomfield,
Dante B. Fascell, Fla.
Mich.
Morris K. Udall, Ariz.
Manuel Lujan Jr., N.M.
Lee H. Hamilton, Ind.
Larry Winn Jr., Kan.
Phillip Burton, Calif.
Don Young, Alaska
Gus Yatron. Pa.
Benjamin A. Gilman, N.Y.
Abraham Kazen Jr., Texas
Robert J. Lagomarsino,
Stephen J. Solarz, N.Y.
Robert J. Lagomarsino,
John F. Seiberling, Ohio
Calif.
Don Bonker, Wash.
Calif.
Antonio Borja Won Pat,
Dan Marriott, Utah
Gerry E. Studds, Mass.
Joel Pritchard, Wash.
Guam
Ron Marlenee, Mont.
Andy Ireland, Fla.
Jim Leach, Iowa
James Weaver, Ore.
Dick Cheney, Wyo.
Dan Mica, Fla.
Toby A. Roth, Wis.
George Miller, Calif.
Charles Pashayan Jr., Calif.
Michael D. Barnes, Md.
Olympia J. Snowe, Maine
James J. Florio, N.J.
Larry E. Craig, Idaho
Howard Wolpe, Mich.
Henry J. Hyde. III.
Philip R. Sharp, Ind.
Hank Brown, Colo.
George Crockett, Mich.
Gerald B. H. Solomon, N.Y.
Edward J. Markey, Mass.
Denny Smith, Ore.
Sam Gejdenson, Conn.
Douglas K. Bereuter, Neb.
Baltasar Corrado, P.R.
James V. Hansen, Utah
Mervyn M. Dymally, Calif.
Mark D. Siljander, Mich.
Austin J. Murphy, Pa.
Bill Emerson, Mo.
Tom Lantos, Calif.
Ed Zschau, Calif.
Nick Joe Rahall II, W.Va.
John McCain, Ariz.
Peter H. Kostmayer, Pa.
Bruce F. Vento, Minn.
Barbara F. Vucanovich, Nev.
Robert G. Torricelli, N.J.
Jerry Huckaby, La.
Lawrence J. Smith, Fla.
Jerry M. Patterson, Calif.
Howard L. Berman, Calif.
Ray Kogovsek, Colo.
Harry M. Reid. Nev.
Dale E. Kildee, Mich.
Mel Levine, Calif.
Tony Coelho, Calif.
Edward F. Feighan, Ohio
Beverly B. Byron, Md.
Robert Garcia, N.Y.
Ron de Lugo, V.I.
Government Operations
Sam Gejdenson, Conn.
Bill Patman, Texas
Room: 2157 Rayburn
Phone: 225-5051
Peter H. Kostmayer, Pa.
Jack Brooks, Texas
Frank Horton, N.Y.
Jim Moody, Wis.
Dante B. Fascell, Fla.
John N. Erlenborn, III.
Alan B. Mollohan, W.Va.
Don Fuqua, Fla.
Thomas N. Kindness, Ohio
James McClure Clarke, N.C.
John Conyers Jr., Mich.
Robert S. Walker, Pa.
James F. McNulty Jr., Ariz.
Cardiss Collins, III.
Lyle Williams, Ohio
Richard H. Lehman, Calif.
Glenn English, Okla.
William F. Clinger Jr., Pa.
Judiciary
Elliott H. Levitas, Ga.
Raymond J. McGrath, N.Y.
Henry A. Waxman, Calif.
Room: 2137 Rayburn
Phone: 225-3951
Judd Gregg. N.H.
Ted Weiss, N.Y.
Dan Burton, Ind.
Peter W. Rodino Jr., N.J.
Hamilton Fish Jr., N.Y.
Mike Synar, Okla.
John R. McKernan Jr.,
Jack Brooks, Texas
Carlos J. Moorhead, Calif.
Stephen L. Neal, N.C.
Maine
Robert W. Kastenmeier,
Henry J. Hyde, III.
Doug Barnard Jr., Ga.
Tom Lewis, Fla.
Wis.
Thomas N. Kindness, Ohio
Barney Frank, Mass.
Alfred A. (Al) McCandless,
Don Edwards, Calif.
Harold S. Sawyer, Mich.
Tom Lantos, Calif.
Calif.
John Conyers Jr., Mich.
Dan Lungren, Calif.
Ronald D. Coleman, Texas
John F. Seiberling, Ohio
F. James Sensenbrenner Jr.,
Robert Wise Jr., W.Va.
Romano L. Mazzoli, Ky.
Wis.
Barbara Boxer, Calif.
William J. Hughes, N.J.
Bill McCollum, Fla.
Sander M. Levin, Mich.
Sam B. Hall Jr., Texas
E. Clay Shaw Jr., Fla.
X
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
Mike Synar, Okla.
George W. Gekas, Pa.
Norman Y. Mineta, Calif.
Arlan Stangeland, Minn.
Patricia Schroeder, Colo.
Michael DeWine, Ohio
Elliott H. Levitas, Ga.
Newt Gingrich, Ga.
Dan Glickman, Kan.
James L. Oberstar, Minn.
William F. Clinger Jr., Pa.
Harold Washington, III.
Henry J. Nowak, N.Y.
Guy V. Molinari, N.Y.
Barney Frank, Mass.
Bob Edgar, Pa.
E. Clay Shaw Jr., Fla.
George W. Crockett Jr.,
Robert A. Young, Mo.
Bob McEwen, Ohio
Mich.
Nick Joe Rahall 11, W.Va.
Frank R. Wolf, Va.
Charles E. Schumer, N.Y.
Douglas Applegate, Ohio
Thomas E. Petri, Wis.
Bruce A. Morrison, Conn.
Geraldine A. Ferraro, N.Y.
Hal Daub, Neb.
Edward F. Feighan, Ohio
Donald Albosta, Mich.
Vin Weber, Minn.
Lawrence J. Smith, Fla.
Ron de Lugo, V.I.
Robert F. (Bob) Smith,
Howard L. Berman, Calif.
Gus Savage, III.
Oregon
Merchant Marine and Fisheries
Fofo 1. F. Sunia, Am. Samoa
Don Sundquist, Tenn.
Phone:
225-4047
Katie Hall, Ind.
Nancy L. Johnson, Conn.
Room: 1334 Longworth
Douglas H. Bosco, Calif.
Ronald C. Packard, Calif.
Walter B. Jones, N.C.
Edwin B. Forsythe, N.J.
James F. McNulty Jr., Ariz.
Mario Biaggi, N.Y.
Gene Snyder, Ky.
Jim Moody, Wis.
Glenn M. Anderson, Calif.
Joel Pritchard, Wash.
Robert A. Borski, Pa.
John B. Breaux, La.
Don Young, Alaska
Joe Kolter, Pa.
Gerry E. Studds, Mass.
Norman F. Lent, N.Y.
Tim Valentine, N.C.
Carroll Hubbard Jr., Ky.
Robert W. Davis, Mich.
Edolphus Towns, N.Y.
Don Bonker, Wash.
William Carney, N.Y.
William O. Lipinski, III.
Norman E. D'Amours, N.H.
Norman D. Shumway, Calif.
Michael A. Andrews, Texas
James L. Oberstar, Minn.
Jack Fields, Texas
Tom J. Vandergriff, Texas
William J. Hughes, N.J.
Claudine Schneider, R.I.
J. Roy Rowland, Ga.
Barbara A. Mikulski, Md.
Harold S. Sawyer, Mich.
James McClure Clarke, N.C.
Earl Hutto, Fla.
Herbert H. Bateman, Va.
Robert F. Wise Jr., W.Va.
Brian J. Donnelly, Mass.
John R. McKernan Jr.,
Rules
W. J. (Billy) Tauzin, La.
Maine
Room: H-312 Capitol
Phone:
225-9486
Thomas M. Foglietta, Pa.
Webb Franklin, Miss.
Fofo I. F. Sunia, Am. Samoa
Claude Pepper, Fla.
James H. (Jimmy) Quillen,
Dennis M. Hertel, Mich.
Gillis W. Long, La.
Tenn.
Roy Dyson, Md.
Joe Moakley, Mass.
Delbert L. Latta, Ohio
William O. Lipinski, III.
Butler Derrick, S.C.
Trent Lott, Miss.
Robert A. Borski, Pa.
Anthony C. Beilenson, Calif.
Gene Taylor, Mo.
Thomas R. Carper, Del.
Martin Frost, Texas
Douglas H. Bosco, Calif.
David E. Bonior, Mich.
Robin Tallon, S.C.
Tony P. Hall, Ohio
Robert Lindsay Thomas, Ga.
Alan Wheat, Mo.
Barbara Boxer, Calif.
Solomon P. Ortiz, Texas
Science and Technology
Room: 2321 Rayburn
Phone: 225-6371
Post Office and Civil Service
Room: 309 Cannon
Phone: 225-4054
Don Fuqua, Fla.
Larry Winn Jr., Kan.
Robert A. Roe, N.J.
Manuel Lujan Jr., N.M.
William D. Ford, Mich.
Gene Taylor, Mo.
George E. Brown Jr., Calif.
Robert S. Walker, Pa.
Morris K. Udall, Ariz.
Benjamin A. Gilman, N.Y.
James H. Scheuer, N.Y.
William Carney, N.Y.
William (Bill) Clay, Mo.
Tom Corcoran, III.
Richard L. Ottinger, N.Y.
F. James Sensenbrenner Jr.,
Patricia Schroeder, Colo.
James A. Courter, N.J.
Tom Harkin, Iowa
Wis.
Robert Garcia, N.Y.
Charles Pashayan Jr., Calif.
Marilyn Bouquard, Tenn.
Judd Gregg. N.H.
Mickey Leland, Texas
William E. Dannenmeyer,
Doug Walgren, Pa.
Raymond J. McGrath, N.Y.
Donald Joseph Albosta,
Calif.
Dan Glickman, Kan.
Joe Skeen, N.M.
Mich.
Daniel B. Crane, Ill.
Albert Gore Jr., Tenn.
Claudine Schneider, R.I.
Gus Yatron, Pa.
Frank R. Wolf, Va.
Robert A. Young, Mo.
Bill Lowery, Calif.
Mary Rose Oakar, Ohio
Connie Mack, Fla.
Harold L. Volkmer, Mo.
Rod Chandler, Wash.
Katie Hall, Ind.
Bill Nelson, Fla.
Herbert H. Bateman, Va.
Gerry Sikorski, Minn.
Stan Lundine, N.Y.
Sherwood L. Boehlert, N.Y.
Ronald V. Dellums, Calif.
Ralph M. Hall, Texas
Alfred A. (Al) McCandless,
Thomas A. Daschle, S.D.
Dave McCurdy, Okla.
Calif.
Ron de Luge, V.I.
Mervyn M. Dymally, Calif.
Tom Lewis, Fla.
Charles E. Schumer, N.Y.
Paul Simon, III.
Douglas H. Bosco, Calif.
Norman Y. Mineta, Calif.
Richard J. Durbin, III.
Public Works and Transportation
Michael A. Andrews, Texas
Room: 2165 Rayburn
Phone: 225-4472
Buddy MacKay, Fla.
James J. Howard, N.J.
Gene Snyder, Ky.
Tim Valentine, N.C.
Glenn M. Anderson, Calif.
John Paul Hammerschmidt,
Harry M. Reid, Nev.
Robert A. Roe, N.J.
Ark.
Robert G. Torricelli, N.J.
John B. Breaux, La.
Bud Shuster, Pa.
Frederick C. Boucher, Va.
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83 XI
Small Business
Veterans' Affairs
Room: 2361 Rayburn
Phone: 225-5821
Room: 335 Cannon Phone: 225-3527
Parren J. Mitchell, Md.
Joseph M. McDade, Pa.
G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery,
John Paul Hammerschmidt,
Neal Smith, Iowa
Silvio O. Conte, Mass.
Miss.
Ark.
Joseph P. Addabbo, N.Y.
William S. Broomfield,
Don Edwards, Calif.
Chalmers P. Wylie, Ohio
Henry B. Gonzalez, Texas
Mich.
Bob Edgar, Pa.
Elwood Hillis, Ind.
John J. LaFalce, N.Y.
Dan Marriott, Utah
Sam B. Hall Jr., Texas
Gerald B. H. Solomon, N.Y.
Berkley Bedell. lowa
Lyle Williams, Ohio
Douglas Applegate, Ohio
Bob McEwen, Ohio
Henry J. Nowak, N.Y.
John Hiler, Ind.
Marvin Leath, Texas
Christopher H. Smith, N.J.
Thomas A. Luken, Ohio
Vin Weber, Minn.
Richard C. Shelby, Ala.
Denny Smith, Ore.
Andy Ireland, Fla.
Hal Daub, Neb.
Dan Mica, Fla.
Dan Burton, Ind.
lke Skelton, Mo.
Christopher H. Smith, N.J.
Thomas A. Daschle, S.D.
Don Sunquist, Tenn.
Charles W. Stenholm, Texas
David Dreier, Calif.
Wayne Dowdy, Miss.
Michael Bilirakis, Fla.
Romano L. Mazzoli, Ky.
Guy V. Molinari, N.Y.
Matthew G. Martinez, Calif.
Nancy L. Johnson, Conn.
Nicholas Mavroules, Mass.
Toby Roth, Wis.
Lane Evans, III.
Charles Hatcher, Ga.
Gene Chappie, Calif.
Marcy Kaptur, Ohio
Ron Wyden, Ore.
Sherwood L. Boehlert, N.Y.
Frank Harrison, Pa.
Dennis E. Eckart, Ohio
Michael Bilirakis, Fla.
Alan B. Mollohan, W.Va.
Gus Savage, III.
Timothy J. Penny, Minn.
Buddy Roemer, La.
Harley O. Staggers Jr., W. Va.
Norman Sisisky, Va.
J. Roy Rowland, Ga.
Frank McCloskey, Ind.
Jim Slattery, Kan.
Esteban Edward Torres,
John Bryant, Texas
Calif.
Bill Richardson, N.M.
Tom J. Vandergriff, Texas
Jim Cooper, Tenn.
Ways and Means
Room: 1102 Longworth Phone:
225-3625
James R. (Jim) Olin, Va.
C. Robin Britt, N.C.
Dan Rostenkowski, III.
Barber B. Conable Jr., N.Y.
Richard Ray. Ga.
Sam Gibbons, Fla.
John J. Duncan, Tenn.
J.J. Pickle. Texas
Standards of Official Conduct
Bill Archer, Texas.
Room: 2360 Rayburn
Phone 225-7103
Charles B. Rangel, N.Y.
Guy Vander Jagt, Mich.
Fortney H. (Pete) Stark,
Philip M. Crane, III.
Louis Stokes, Ohio
Floyd Spence, S.C.
Calif.
Bill Frenzel, Minn.
Nick Joe Rahall II, W.Va.
Barber B. Conable Jr., N.Y.
James R. Jones, Okla.
James G. Martin, N.C.
Ed Jenkins, Ga.
John T. Myers, Ind.
Andrew Jacobs Jr., Ind.
Richard T. Schulze, Pa.
Julian C. Dixon, Calif.
Edwin B. Forsythe, N.J.
Harold E. Ford, Tenn.
Willis D. Gradison Jr., Ohio
Vic Fazio, Calif.
Hank Brown, Colo.
Ed Jenkins, Ga.
W. Henson Moore, La.
William J. Coyne, Pa.
James V. Hansen, Utah
Richard A. Gephardt, Mo.
Carroll A. Campbell Jr.,
Thomas J. Downey, N.Y.
S.C.
Cecil (Cec) Heftel, Hawaii
William M. Thomas, Calif.
Wyche Fowler Jr., Ga.
Frank J. Guarini, N.J.
James M. Shannon, Mass.
Marty Russo, III.
Donald J. Pease, Ohio
Kent Hance, Texas
Robert T. Matsui, Calif.
Beryl F. Anthony Jr., Ark.
Ronnie G. Flippo, Ala.
Byron L. Dorgan, N.D.
Barbara B. Kennelly, Conn.
XII
NATIONAL JOURNAL 1/22/83
TRADE REPORT
Sears Moving to Stake Out Dominant
Role As an Export Trading Company
Although the Japanese have been active in this area for generations, for U.S.
business it is a new field. Sears's goal is modest: to be the biggest and the best.
BY CHRISTOPHER MADISON
The Sears story has a number of other
But the act will make a difference. It
intertwined plots. Can a company that
will allow banks or, at least, bank holding
A
Sears, Roebuck catalogue is almost
has been king of the dowdy American
companies, to participate for the first
the only reading matter in the recep-
shopping center also be a sophisticated,
time in trade financing by acquiring eq-
tion area of Sears World Trade Inc.'s
world-class trader? Or is Sears trying to
uity positions in trading companies. And
Washington office. This is a reassuring
do too much, too soon, pursuing a go-for-
it will remove most of the antitrust wor-
company presence, but also somewhat
broke trading strategy while other com-
ries that have scared off potential export-
deceptive. Little else about this new ven-
panies, including some big ones, such as
ers in the past.
ture, which started in March 1982 but is
General Electric Co., start out with lim-
only now building up steam, seems re-
ited goals? Can a corporate lawyer, with
MIDDLEMAN
lated to the huge retailer that has sup-
the aid of a career government executive,
An export trading company serves as
plied Americans with their lawn mowers,
create and run a risky new international
the middleman between the manufac-
washing machines and moderately priced
business in a new field? Will Sears prove
turer and the buyer. If you are, for exam-
clothing for generations.
that Americans can be as aggressive in
ple, the manufacturer of a particularly
A more telling detail might be the
trade as their counterparts in Japan,
important category of oil drilling equip-
delicate, ornate ashtrays, depicting an
Hong Kong, Singapore and the Nether-
ment that is in demand worldwide, but
outdoor oriental scene imported from Ja-
lands, where trading companies are well
you don't have the knowledge to look for
pan.
established?
the markets, the volume of sales to make
Sears World Trade is an export trading
Sears is not the only U.S. company,
it pay or the financing to carry it off, what
company. That is, in many ways, a brand
new or old, in the field, but the older ones
do you do? In the past, you might have
new field for American business, and
are a different breed. There are already
done nothing. In the future, you will prob-
Sears is just one of many U.S. companies
about 1,300 such companies that are usu-
ably go to an export trading company. Or
participating in the experiment. But
ally called export management compa-
it might come to you.
Sears stands out: it aims to be the biggest
nies because they don't perform all the
A full-service trading company could
and the best, engaging in a wide range of
services of a trading company. Richard
pin down a market, arrange for the sale,
international business transactions remi-
V. L. Cooper, an economist with Coopers
ship, insure and store the product, and
niscent of the Japanese trading compa-
& Lybrand, thinks a new industry is going
deliver it. It might even take on a follow-
nies that have given the field its reputa-
to develop out of the new trading compa-
up service contract. And it might well
tion.
nies. He believes it is a way both to
take title to the product while performing
Although Sears is not the only trading
overcome the huge trade deficits the
these functions.
company that has announced its plans, it
United States has been experiencing and
Most export management firms do not
is attracting a lot of attention and even
to conquer a fear of exporting among
take title to goods and most are not able
some distrust in the trade community.
most American businesses.
to perform one-stop services for export-
A Washington trade expert compared
Much of the current interest in trading
ers. Nor do they move extensively in the
Sears with an elephant jumping into a
companies results from passage of the
international arena in search of new
small pond: it draws attention if only by
Export Trading Company Act, signed
deals.
virtue of its size.
into law by President Reagan last Oct. 8.
There is a new "mindset" developing
There is also some fear that the subsid-
Export-minded Members of Congress
now, according to Kermit W. Almstedt, a
iary of the retailing giant will dominate
had been trying to get the bill enacted for
Washington lawyer who was involved in
the field without even having to try. Some
several years, but it is not a panacea for
drafting the law while on the staff of Sen.
trade experts insist that the 1982 Export
U.S. trade problems. Sears, for example,
John C. Danforth, R-Mo. American com-
Trading Company Act was intended to
did not work actively for its enactment
panies, he said, are finally beginning to
facilitate the entry of smaller companies
because it didn't think the law would be
realize that they must be aggressive
into the trade field and add that Sears,
helpful. (It has since changed its mind
about trade. They are aware that while
while it will have an impact, is too big to
slightly.) Export trading companies, how-
U.S. exports once served as a means of
provide a useful model for other compa-
ever limited in scope, have existed with-
disposing of a surplus of goods not ab-
nies.
out it for years.
sorbed by the huge domestic market, the
992 NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83
Meet C. Itoh, One of Japan's Trading Company Giants
It is casy to be intimidated by Japanese trading compa-
sions; textiles; and forest products and general merchan-
nies. The nine largest sogo shoshas, as they are called,
dise. Even though textiles make up only a little more
account for $200 billion annually, or 10 per cent of
than 10 per cent of its business today, the
world trade. They seem to operate comfort-
company started out as a textile wholesaler
ably around the world. Mitsui & Co., the
in 1858.
largest of the nine, is a leading ex-
A tour through its annual report
porter from the United States.
presents the following examples of
Many Americans have heard of Mit-
activities within those categories. C.
sui, the largest, or Mitsubishi, the second-
Itoh was the prime contractor for construc-
largest, but few know C. Itoh & Co. Ltd., the
tion of a power plant in Thailand in 1981. Its
third in rank. A few American companies do, how-
energy business, in addition to development of oil
ever. C. Itoh is participating in a joint venture with
reserves in places such as Indonesia, include operation
Natomas Co., a U.S. oil exploration firm, to develop offshore
of one of the world's most prominent off trading firms, C.
Indonesian oil reserves. Holiday Inns in Japan are operated
Itoh International Petroleum Co., based in London and New
and managed by the trading company. And General Motors
York. To provide raw materiais for the Japanese paper
Corp. imports light trucks from Japan through Isuzu, a C.
industry and for other markets, C. Itoh is involved in the
Itoh subsidiary in a joint venture arranged by C. Itoh.
establishment of a eucalyptus planting program in Brazil. In
Japanese trading companies do more than move goods and
Greece, C. Itoh is participating in a joint venture with
services from the manufacturer to the buyer. They make
Hellenic Steel Co. It will help procure the raw materials for
investments in all kinds of ventures and companies around
the plant, introduce its own steel rolling techniques and help
the world and then take part in the distribution of the goods
find export markets for the products. In 1980, it helped build
and services produced. And of course they remain heavily
a refinery in Nigeria, a project costing nearly $1 billion.
involved in the Japanese economy.
And then there is food. C. Itoh owns Cigra Inc., a U.S.
Of C. Itoh's more than $50 billion in business activities in
grain distributor. It is involved in sugar refining in Singa-
1981, business within Japan accounted for about 44 per cent,
pore, prawn processing in Australia and tuna canning in the
exports from Japan for 19 per cent, imports for 23 per cent
Fiji Islands.
and third-country transactions for the balance.
C. Itoh's exports from the United States are primarily in
The trading company has offices in 80 other countries, but
grain, lumber and machinery, including some aircraft. im-
a considerable portion of its activities are based in America.
ports are in textiles, oil, Isuzu and Mazda automobiles,
In 1981, for example, transactions by the New York-based
electronics and machinery. C. Itoh owns the Teknika Elec-
subsidiary, C. Itoh (America), totaled $7.7 billion. About 38
tronics Corp., a wholesaler and assembler of consumer
per cent of that involved exports from the United States, 27
electronic products located just outside of Chicago.
per cent imports into the United States and 35 per cent third-
How do Japanese trading companies feel about Americans
country transactions.
entering the field? They think it's a good idea, according to
A few other numbers will suggest the range of C. Itoh's
Jay Chung, chief economist in C. Itoh (America)'s New
activities. It employs 10,000 professionals. It has investments
York office. Last year's passage of the Export Trading
in more than 700 companies in Japan and about 150 compa-
Company Act can only help draw the attention of Americans
nies overseas, most of them wholesalers and distributors. The
to the importance of world trade, and that will help all
list of banks and investment companies worldwide with
trading companies, he said. Increased American exports
which it does business-21 of them in the United States
through new trading companies will help the U.S. economy
fills up most of a page in its annual report.
grow, which also benefits everyone. Finally, Chung said,
The company's activities are in six basic categories, in
Japanese trading companies are eager to explore the possibil-
descending order of volume of business: energy and chemi-
ities of joint ventures with their new American counterparts,
cals; machinery and construction; metals; produce and provi-
such as Sears World Trade Inc.
U.S. economy will continue to expand
develop remains to be seen; they haven't
company in the middle of last year, it was
only if it finds new markets abroad. Be-
yet.
dismissed, at least to an extent, as a
cause of competition from imports, the
subsidiary that would confine itself to the
American companies no longer have the
UNCONVENTIONAL MODEL
import of consumer goods for Sears's
U.S. market to themselves.
Sears World Trade doesn't fit many of
retail stores, which are run by the Sears
The different mindset will also extend
the conventional models of how trading
Merchandise Group subsidiary.
to cooperation. If an export trading com-
companies would develop. It is a subsid-
Those who made that judgment hadn't
pany is to look for markets, take title to a
iary of a retailer and importer. Not only
listened carefully to the words of Edward
product, ship it, insure it, deliver it and
that, Sears World Trade's parent com-
R. Telling, Sears's chairman and chief
then service it, it's a rare company that
pany is an importer of consumer goods,
executive officer, who announced the
can perform all of those services from the
which is considered just about the
trading company plans the previous Feb-
beginning. So it has a choice: develop the
unsexiest business in the sophisticated
ruary. "As we Americans begin the re-
diverse skills on its own or join together
trade world. What could be complicated
building of our economy, we can no
with other companies.
about getting on a plane, going to Taiwan,
longer ignore our shortcomings in world
On paper, at least, an ideal export
Korea or Japan and arranging for imports
trade," Telling told the Economic Club of
trading company might include a bank, a
of children's shoes or television sets or
Chicago. "We can no longer manufacture
port authority, a shipper, an insurer and a
hand-held calculators?
and sell exclusively for our own consump-
subsidiary of a major multinational com-
So when Sears, Roebuck & Co. first
tion. We can no longer lose competitive
pany. Whether many of those hybrids will
announced its plan to set up a trading
ground on a world scale. And we can no
NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83 993
longer fail to recognize that the largest
pected to manage and organize while
services and will provide related consult-
trading companies exporting goods from
Hills worked on ideas.
ing services."
America are all foreign-based and owned.
Early this year, Hills made another
The key word in that description is
Sears hopes to help change that pat-
change. While keeping many operations
"services": much of what Sears and other
tern."
in Sears's Chicago headquarters, the firm
export trading companies will do will be
By the time of Telling's announcement,
moved its chief offices to Washington, in
to provide a service rather than to import
the giant retailer had already been trans-
a redeveloped area of the downtown dis-
or export a product or commodity. And
formed into a many-faceted conglomer-
trict. It wasn't Chicago's Sears Tower,
while the new law refers only to exports,
ate. In addition to the merchandise
but Sears World Trade wanted a Wash-
Sears at least, and probably others, will
group, there was the Allstate Insurance
ington identity.
import as well, on the theory that a trad-
Group, the Coldwell Banker Real Estate
The first few months of the year were
ing company can't handle only one side of
Group and the Dean Witter Financial
devoted to frenetic activity, with Hills
the transaction.
Services Group.
and Carlucci virtually living out of their
At the beginning, before Hills became
According to Roderick M. Hills, the
suitcases as they traveled between Wash-
chairman, the trading company's efforts
trading company's chairman, some in the
ington and Chicago and then around the
were concentrated in consumer goods.
company thought these acquisitions had
world, laying the foundation for a series
The idea was to use existing Sears staff to
ruined Sears. But there was no turning
of international offices.
expand the retail importing operation
back.
But their Washington profile was dis-
into an exporting operation and to handle
When the trading company venture
creet. Most in the trade field didn't know
trade between countries outside the
was announced, Hills, now 52, was serv-
what they were up to, and some had the
United States-so-called third-country
ing as an adviser to the parent company
sense that Hills was a figurchead. But if
trade. That effort produced some busi-
while at a Washington law firm, Latham,
that ever was true, it isn't now. In fact,
ness. The trading company, according to
Watkins and Hills. But it would have
sources consistently point to Hills as the
Hills, already has clients, primarily retail
been uncharacteristic for him to stay put
driving force behind the venture.
stores in Europe and Asia, for whom it
at the firm. Since 1975, he has been
In the coming weeks, Sears will begin
performs "sourcing" services; that is, for
chairman of Republic Corp., the Securi-
announcing some of its plans, and their
a fee, Sears will help the retailer find
ties and Exchange Commission and Pea-
scope is ambitious.
products around the world.
body Coal Co.
On May 5, for example, Sears an-
Sears World Trade will continue to
For the first six months of operations,
nounced it would form a $35 million joint
handle consumer goods, but Hills said
Sears, Roebuck Trading Co., as it was
venture with First National Bank of Chi-
that was never intended to be its sole
then called, was run from Sears's Chi-
cago. It is the first of three joint ventures
activity. "Our vision was always bigger
cago headquarters by John Waddle, a
Sears plans with banks to promote U.S.
than the original effort," he said in an
career company executive. Hills worked
exports. Sears also is considering joint
interview. The vision includes importing,
on a long-range strategy while still at his
ventures with overseas partners, includ-
exporting and trading in other countries
law firm. But last October, he took a
ing trading companies in Japan and else-
in the following categories: consumer
leave of absence from the firm and was
where in Asia.
merchandise and light industrial goods;
named chairman of the trading company,
managerial services and technology, a
now renamed Sears World Trade. By the
GLOBAL SCALE
category that includes sourcing of mer-
end of the year, Hills had hired Frank C.
By Sears's own description, its trading
chandise for other companies; heavy in-
Carlucci as president. Carlucci, who had
subsidiary will be a "global services com-
dustrial equipment; high technology; ag-
served in the Central Intelligence Agency
pany, will assist businesses and govern-
ribusiness; energy and chemicals;
and other federal agencies before becom-
ments in the exporting and importing of
financial services; and countertrade.
ing Defense undersecretary, was ex-
products, technology and management
This last category could turn out to he
The brain trust at Sears's new export trading company: Frank C. Carlucci (from left), president; Roderick M. Hills,
chairman; and Curtis Hessler, a senior vice president
994 NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83
In Philadelphia, Some Help for the Small Trader
PHILADELPHIA-One of the most impor-
will invest in the trading company. But ac-
tant aspects of the new Export Trading Com-
cording to Webster M. Christman, PIDC's
pany Act is that it allows banks, for the first
research director, who is heading up planning
time, to take an active part in world trade by
for the trading company, those kinds of deci-
taking equity positions in trading companies.
sions need to be faced only after the outlines of
But sometimes, waiting for a bank to jump
a potential company are produced by the
into a new venture can be like waiting for
consultants.
Ronald Reagan to rejoin the Democratic
The person who could be called the father
Party.
of Philadelphia's export trading efforts in Jo-
The solution adopted in this city was to start
seph M. Egan Jr., PIDC's executive vice presi-
without the banks and hope they jump aboard
dent and before that a longtime city official.
later. Taking the lead is the Philadelphia In-
He stumbled across the idea a few years ago in
dustrial Development Corp., a semi-public en-
his frequent travels to Washington as the
tity that has been spurring economic develop-
city's chief lobbyist. The state's senior Sena-
ment in the area for more than two decades by
tor, Republican John Heinz, was a major force
buying up vacant land, putting in improve-
Joseph M. Egan Jr.
behind the export trading legislation, and the
ments and selling it back to developers. Much of it has been
city's Washington counsel put Egan in contact with Coopers
done through tax-exempt bonds, the traditional tool of indus-
& Lybrand's Richard V. L. Cooper.
trial development/authorities.
Ironically, just as the trading company activity is heating
For the past two years, PIDC, as it is known, has laid the
up at PIDC, Egan is leaving to join a Philadelphia bank,
groundwork for an export trading company. By the end of
Fidelity Corp. Christman said that although there was specu-
the year, it hopes to get it incorporated, involve a handful of
lation at first that Egan's departure would hurt the trading
major banks and other corporate partners and then turn it all
company effort, he doesn't think it will. And, as a member of
back to the private sector. PIDC is being helped in the
the PIDC board, Egan will still be around to support it.
project by Coopers & Lybrand, the accounting and consult-
Christman contends that there is local interest in exporting
ing firm that has established a specialty in advising compa-
that is independent of the PIDC enthusiasm for the trading
nies on how to establish export trading firms.
company. In addition to Egan's contacts in the Washington
Philadelphia's effort is risky and courageous in that it's
trade network, PIDC clients-small and medium manufac-
never been tried before, but it was done out of a sense of
turers that were helped by PIDC programs--use the cor-
necessity. The region's businesses and industries, and par-
poration as kind of a business consulting service, and some of
ticularly its port, which is the heart of its trade, looked north,
them began asking about export possibilities. According to
where they saw the Port of New York and New Jersey
Jim Petkovits, PIDC's international marketing director, they
establishing a major export trading company, and south,
did not know how to get started in the export business.
where their own port losing ground to Baltimore's. With or
Other entities here besides PIDC are active in exploring
without the banks, PIDC and others in the city saw no choice
the trading company idea. The city's port corporation is
but to plunge into the trading company scene.
looking at the possibility of a trading company devoted
This city seems like a good place to start an export trade
exclusively to coal, organized around the state's small pro-
company. It has decent port facilities that have, until now,
ducers that, individually, could not produce enough coal to
been used more for importing than exporting; Philadelphia is
make an export deal possible.
the largest oil refining center on the East Coast. Industries in
The Delaware River Port Authority also is investigating
the region produce a variety of exportable goods: electronics,
the trading company concept as a means of broadening its
machine tools, pharmaceuticals and medical devices and oil
commercial transactions with the West African oil producers
drilling technology.
who provide most of the crude for area refineries. Last year,
There is also coal: Pennsylvania is a leading coal producing
the producers told the Port Authority they wanted help in
state, and coal loading facilities in the port have been
finding markets for some of their other exports and also in
expanded in anticipation of an export boom.
"sourcing" their imports. So the Port Authority is consider-
Nevertheless, it probably would have been easier for
ing setting up a trading company to accommodate the oil
Philadelphia to wait for a bank or other private company to
producing countries.
take the lead in organizing a trading company because doing
Although they are months away from setting one up,
it through PIDC is a slow process that involves a lot of
PIDC officials are confident there will be a trading com-
caution and consensus building.
pany. Whom will it serve? Not the area's large drug compa-
Recently, the development authority signed a contract
nies and other businesses that surely need no help finding
with Coopers & Lybrand, under which the firm will recom-
markets or financing exports. Instead, it would help small
mend possible products for export, potential markets for
and medium-sized manufacturers, as well as service compa-
them and the structure of the trading company. It will
nies, find export markets or handle countertrade problems. A
present all this information to PIDC by the end of the year,
potential local exporter, for example, makes an oil drilling
and then the development authority will try to line up
equipment component that it now sells to another U.S.
potential investors.
company that, in turn, finishes the product and exports it at a
Although the local banks were slow starters, three-First
substantial mark-up. The Philadelphia manufacturer real-
Pennsylvania Bank, Girard Bank and Philadelphia National
izes it should finish the product and export it itself-except
Bank-have contributed funds for the Coopers & Lybrand
that it doesn't want to deal with countertrade problems.
study, as has ACS Associates, an export management com-
What would it do with, say, mahogany logs that the importer
pany. It is logical to assume that if the profile developed by
requires it to buy in exchange for the original sale? PIDC
the consultants looks promising, at least one of these backers
believes its trading company would help.
NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83 995
one of the most important in the export
geared their products for the overseas
trading field. Other export trading com-
market. Sears will try to change that by
panies, including Phillips Brothers, are
aggressive marketing, along with their
using countertrade, sometimes known as
bank partners. For their clients, they will
barter-trade, as a way to build up their
try to develop a product and a market for
business.
it, finance the production, if necessary,
Countertrade is essentially a problem
store it in its own warehouse, ship it and
that a trading company turns into new
sell it overseas.
business. An aerospace or defense con-
A favorite Hills example are Japanese
tractor, for example, may sell $100 mil-
television exports. Sets sold in the United
lion worth of equipment to an advanced
States have been developed specifically
developing country such as Brazil or Ven-
for this market and are different from
ezuela. In return for the sale, the contrac-
those sold in Japan. The United States
tor is often obligated to buy a certain
has never taken that approach to exports,
amount of local goods or to take a portion
but Sears and other trading companies
of the sale price in local goods; in another
hope they might bring it about.
typical case, it is sometimes obligated to
There has been some concern that
help the purchasing country earn back in
Richard V. L. Cooper, an economist
Sears would use the trading company
foreign currency a portion of the money
with Coopers & Lybrand, says it will
merely to expand its imports. Hills says
spent on the original sale.
take a few years for the export trading
that won't happen. The retail company
From a developing country's point of
industry to begin to mature.
now imports about $1 billion of merchan-
view, it is a built-in way to improve the
dise annually, half of it from Japan, and
balance of trade. The defense contractor,
figure out a way to turn a profit on them.
he said that within five years, the three
on the other hand, may be eager for the
Sears has hired Phillip Rowberg, Gen-
joint ventures should be generating at
sale and not in a position to reject the
eral Motors Corp.'s countertrade expert,
least that much in exports.
countertrade demand. But what is a de-
to run its division.
Hills also intends to use the trading
fense contractor to do with millions of
company to try to penetrate the Japanese
dollars worth of ballpoint pens?
LOOKING FOR EXPORTERS
market. "We have to have access to the
Trading companies that handle coun-
The company says it intends to pro-
Japanese market. We're going to be as
tertrade agree to take over the problem.
mote U.S. exports, not just help Indone-
good finding markets there as they are
For a fee-usually a percentage of the
sian retailers "source" their electronic
finding markets here. If we can't sell in
total obligation-they will agree to find a
goods or help aerospace companies with
Japan, no one can."
market for the ballpoint pens. The de-
their countertrade problems. Its export
Sears will have help. The company has
fense contractor loses some money on the
efforts will be handled primarily through
signed an agreement with the U.S. subdi-
deal, but often the cost of the original
separate joint venture companies with
vision of C. Itoh Co., the third-largest
obligation is already factored into the
banks, such as the one announced this
Japanese trading company. It is not a
cost of the entire transaction. The trading
month with First National Bank of Chi-
joint venture at this point, but the compa-
company, as long as it can find a market
cago. Because the new law requires bank-
nies have agreed to pursue possible joint
for the bartered goods-or, in some cases,
related export trading companies to con-
opportunities and have exchanged staff
figure out a way to generate some export
centrate on exports, the separate ventures
members as part of the agreement.
earnings for the developing country-is
allow Sears to pursue its other worldwide
"We are now linked with one of the
just doing business as usual.
activities without worrying whether they
great trading companies of the world,"
Sears plans to make countertrade one
are exporting more than importing.
Hills said proudly. (For a description of
of its specialties, Hills said, because de-
This represents a modest change in
the activities of C. Itoh, see box, page
mand is surprisingly high. The practice of
strategy because Sears did not start out
993.)
requiring offsetting exports has become
with the notion of taking on partners.
Hills declined to be specific about pos-
common in developing countries, and
Finding exporters outside the consumer-
sible joint ventures with C. Itoh, but he
most new markets are located in develop-
goods sector turned out to be more diffi-
said the Japanese firm would help Sears
ing countries.
cult than expected, Hills said, and so the
penetrate the Japanese market and sell in
Sears will also try to be creative. If, for
decision to seek joint ventures was made
other markets. While Sears World Trade
example, a contractor has an obligation to
in the hope that banks could help find
has offices in nine countries so far, C.
create $40 million worth of export earn-
potential exporters among their clientele.
Itoh has offices in 80. Any substantial,
ings for Portugal, Sears could take over
For its part, Sears will look among its own
long-term relationship between the two
the obligation for a fee, then arrange to
suppliers, such as Whirlpool Corp., which
companies would give both a competitive
build a shoe factory that will produce $40
makes Kenmore appliances for it, to find
advantage over other trading companies.
million worth of shoes for Sears or other
exporters.
"We could develop factories for con-
retailers around the world.
The potential is in medium-sized com-
sumer goods, and they could help us
Hills said the large multinational com-
panies, with sales of $50 million to $400
distribute them," Hills said.
panies don't need Sears World Trade to
million, that have services or products
Even if the Sears-C. Itoh relationship
help them find overseas markets for their
that are competitive but who lack export
doesn't blossom into a full-scale joint ven-
exports. But they do need help with coun-
experience, such as U.S. microcomputer
ture, the major Japanese trading firms
tertrade or with other trade-related diffi-
manufacturers or food processors, Hills
are interested in joining forces with U.S.
culties. They may, for example, receive
said. Other small or medium firms would
counterparts because it would give them
payment in local currency, which may
export if they could be part of a joint
a more legitimate claim to the world's
not be worth much outside the country.
venture, he said.
most profitable market.
Or there may be restrictions on removing
Hills, like many others, subscribes to
Hills plans a heavy emphasis on Asia.
its profits from the country. Sears's aim is
the theory that U.S. companies have so
Late last month, he announced formation
to take over these problems for a fee and
far only exported their surpluses, not
of an Asian Advisory Board of prominent
996 NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83
business executives, bankers and indus-
around. If, for example, Brazil wanted
ahead of Sears because it has been ex-
trial executives from Hong Kong, Indone-
computers but did not want to import
porting its own products for years and
sia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the
them, Sears, instead of trying to export its
because it manufactures as well as trades.
Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
own computers, could be the middleman
But it has taken a much narrower ap-
They include the chairman of Daewoo
in a deal in which a computer manufac-
proach in other ways, deciding to concen-
Corp., the large Korean industrial com-
turing industry was developed in Brazil.
trate on three product lines.
pany from whom Sears has been buying
A substantial amount of business could
The other major multinational entry is
for 17 years, the chairman of the SGV
grow out of this kind of deal: planning the
Control Data Commerce International, a
Group, a Filipino retail consulting com-
project, constructing the manufacturing
subsidiary of Control Data Corp., which
pany, and the president and chairman of
facilities, training the personnel and sup-
is taking a different approach. It will not
Seibu Retail Group of Japan. Hills said
plying the materials to be used in the
handle the export of Control Data's own
the board would advise the company on
plant. Sears could supply some of the
products but will try to generate new
its Asian projects and noted that Sears
services directly and arrange for others.
exports exclusively from small and me-
World Trade and its parent company
This, not incidentally, is very close to how
dium U.S. businesses.
already have business relationships with
a Japanese trading company already
Despite some expectation that they
some of the companies.
works.
would rush in, banks have been the slow-
Sears, Roebuck has other corporate
If Hills fulfills all of his ambitions, it
est to enter the export trading field. Be-
connections to bring to bear on the trad-
will probably have to be done in part
fore the Sears-First National Bank of
ing effort: its Allstate subsidiary owns
through acquisitions. Commodity trading
Chicago venture was announced, only Se-
Harbridge House Inc., a consulting firm
is a highly specialized field, with an es-
curity Pacific Bank NA had announced
that will do market research for the trad-
tablished industry, and so Sears would
firm plans to form an export trading
ing company.
Hills readily acknowledges that he is
"We
trying to build the biggest and best Amer-
have to have access to the Japanese market. We're
ican trading company, and says that it is a
going to be as good finding markets there as they are finding
logical extension of Sears's other activi-
markets here. If we can't sell in Japan, no one can."
ties in retailing and financial services. "If
you're the largest merchant, and you
-Roderick M. Hills, Sears World Trade Inc.
have significant imports, it isn't surpris-
ing that it is difficult to stay on only one
almost have to enter that field through an
company. Now BankAmerica Corp., an-
side of the transaction," he said.
existing trading company.
other California-based bank holding com-
But he does not want to be restricted to
The same goals could be achieved
pany and the nation's second-largest, has
exports or to trading to and from the
through joint ventures in which Sears
finally made a commitment to form a
United States. As a company, he said,
combined its marketing skills, financial
company and has chosen Peter M. Nel-
"we're indifferent to what we sell and
strength and worldwide contacts with the
son, formerly the bank's Washington rep-
where we sell. I can't be a trading com-
specialized services of a grain trade, agri-
resentative, to head it. Nelson has begun
pany and have a tilt. I don't care whether
cultural processor or oil company. Or
building a staff.
I sell a ship for Daewoo or a Whirlpool
Sears could decide to develop the exper-
Although the giants will dominate in
product." As a patriotic American, how-
tise within the company.
terms of volume, Cooper doesn't believe
ever, he said he was committed to im-
Hills doesn't mind being compared to a
any one type of trading company will set
proving America's trade balance.
Japanese trading firm, although he says
the pace. Instead, he says, success will
his firm may do more joint ventures than
come from building on existing relations
LET'S MAKE A DEAL
the Japanese and will be less nationalis-
and strengths, which are diverse from
The scope of the firm's potential activi-
tic. "We will look for trade opportunities
company to company. A firm that now
ties seems endless. According to Curtis
wherever they may be," he said.
does considerable business in one product
Hessler, a Sears World Trade senior vice
Although most of its plans are for the
line in one region of the world may de-
president who once served as assistant
future and very little in the present, some
cide, for example, to form a trading com-
Treasury secretary for economic policy,
business is being transacted. The counter-
pany to bring other products and related
each division will be its own profit center,
trade, retail exports and retail manage-
services to that region, building on exist-
with a minimum of central control.
ment services are active, some agricul-
ing knowledge and relationships.
Hessler sees several profitable mar-
tural trade is already occurring and heavy
Nor does the trading company have to
kets, such as trading in oil drilling equip-
equipment trading is under way.
be big. One of Cooper's clients is Trans-
ment and engaging in procurement activi-
Where is the money coming from? De-
Global Trading Corp., which exports oil
ties growing out of other Sears
tails are hard to come by, but Sears
products, heavy manufactured goods and
companies' activities. Harbridge House,
officials say it will draw upon the consid-
raw materials such as marble and pre-
for example, provides planning sevices
erable financial resources of the parent
cious metals from the Southeast to Eu-
for foreign countries and many compa-
company, which in 1982 had total reve-
Γope, Japan and the Middle East.
nies. This could lead to purchases of new
nues of $30 billion. Joint venture part-
Trade associations and semi-public
equipment, and Sears World Trade could
ners, in the United States and abroad,
port and industrial authorities are also
be involved in the procurement. Simi-
will also be participating in the financing.
expected to get involved. (For a report on
larly, Coldwell Banker, the real estate
And, the officials add, it is not necessary
Philadelphia's efforts to form a trading
firm Sears owns, has made a specialty of
to line up large amounts of long-term
company, see box, p. 995.)
moving corporate headquarters, and this
capital when buying and selling transac-
It will take a few years for the export
also could lead to a procurement role for
tions take place quickly.
trading industry to begin to mature, Coo-
Sears World Trade.
Of the new trading companies, Sears
per said. "A lot of companies have the
Protectionism in world trade, particu-
and General Electric Trading Co. are the
capability to do this successfully," he
larly in developing-country markets, is
furthest along, according to Richard Coo-
said. "The key is to structure it to make
something Sears is prepared to work
per. General Electric is in some ways
sense."
NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83 997
POLITICAL REPORT
Interest Groups Pressing for Earlier,
More Active Role in Electoral Process
Some of them plan early endorsements of presidential candidates, and all of them
seek greater influence over the choice of candidates and issues on all levels.
BY DOM BONAFEDE
that blacks, Hispanics and other minor-
spent in 1982. "We're in the business of
ities will vote in greater numbers than
trying to help our friends stay in office,"
W
ith increasing vigor and visibility, a
ever before in next year's elections.
he said.
broad range of special-interest
"We have been looking for something
For the first time since it was estab-
groups are directly injecting their influ-
like that; there hasn't been anything like
lished in 1961, the National Council of
ence, money and manpower into the 1984
it since the 1965 Civil Rights Act," said
Senior Citizens, which has 3.5 million
political campaigns.
Joseph Madison of Detroit, who is in
members, is setting up a political action
The elections are more than a year
charge of the NAACP's voter registra-
committee. "We'll report the public
away, yet many elaborately structured
tion campaign. "We foresee a tidal wave
records of the various candidates to our
and well-financed groups, representing
of new voters, which will force both par-
4,300 affiliated clubs throughout the
labor, the corporate community, women,
ties to realign their political priorities in
U.S. and encourage their members to get
blacks, farmers, educators, doctors, vet-
regard to poor people and minorities.
out and vote," said William R. Hutton,
erans, environmentalists, Hispanics and
That begins at the voting booth."
the council's executive director. "And
other ethnic, national and occupational
While these events captured the atten-
we'll make contributions to those candi-
constituencies have long been gearing up
tion of the news media, other interest
dates who support our issues." He noted
to protect and further their interests
groups were quietly laying plans for 1984.
that there are 46 million Americans 55
through the political process.
The American Medical Association
years or older, or about one of every three
Interest groups, endowed with the con-
(AMA), which contributed $2.4 million
eligible voters.
stitutional right to petition the govern-
directly and indirectly to candidates dur-
In San Antonio, William C. Velasquez,
ment, have always been part of the Amer-
ing the 1981-82 midterm cycle, expects to
executive director of the Southwest Voter
ican political scene, if generally on the
surpass that figure. Partly through
Registration Education Project, an orga-
periphery. But in a relatively recent
AMPAC, its political action committee,
nization devoted to mobilizing political
development, they are becoming more
the AMA also plans to hold 30 confer-
strength among Hispanics, said it is plan-
involved in the electoral process itself.
ences across the country "to educate phy-
ning registration drives in 150 cities.
The most telling evidence were the
sicians and their wives on how to get
There are about 15 million Americans of
separate announcements by the AFL-
involved in political campaigns," conduct
Spanish origin in the United States, of
CIO and the National Education Associ-
surveys on behalf of favorite candidates
whom an estimated 6 million are of vot-
ation (NEA), which together constitute a
and produce television advertising spots
ing age. "I expect a million more regis-
massive bloc of organized labor, that
for them. And in a more novel vein, the
trants in 1984 than in 1980," when
each plans to endorse a presidential can-
AMA will make available to selected
3,426,900 Latinos registered, Velasquez
didate before the 1984 primary season
candidates the services of any one of six
said.
begins on Feb. 27 with the Iowa caucuses.
national pollsters. (See box, p. 1006.)
To an extent, this activity by interest
Normally, such endorsements are made
The United Mine Workers, which con-
groups is the embodiment of the politics
following the nominations of the candi-
tributed almost $300,000 to about 125
of "what's in it for me?" Each group
dates.
candidates in 1982 through its political
wants what it perceives as its rightful
Moreover, 38 major women's rights
action committee, COMPAC, hopes to
slice of the pie. "Looking out for No. 1" is
organizations representing 15 million
equal that amount in 1984. More impor-
the leitmotiv of the interest groups.
members established a political coalition
tant, as noted by William Banik, execu-
Remarking on "the proliferation of
early in April to persuade women to regis-
tive director of COMPAC, "The union is
well-financed lobbies for virtually every
ter and vote.
trying to broaden its scope. For a long
cause imaginable, from school prayer to
And the candidacy of Harold Wash-
time, we concentrated only on coal states.
clean air," University of Michigan politi-
ington for mayor of Chicago galvanized
Now we plan to go into other states, such
cal scientist Jack Walker observed in The
black voters and provided impetus for a
as California."
Wilson Quarterly of autumn 1981,
registration drive among minorities. It
Al Poteet, director of the Veterans of
"Since the late 1950s, a diffuse and un-
also prompted talk of a black presidential
Foreign Wars political action committee,
even but nationwide process of political
candidate, an issue on which blacks are
reported that the group intends to expend
mobilization has been under way, bring-
split. In any event, it is universally agreed
"considerably more" than the $100,000 it
ing many new elements of the population
NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83 1005
into closer contact with the nation's politi-
in the pluralistic character of American
economic and social policies of the Rea-
cal process."
government. Their growth in recent years
gan Administration."
n now seems apparent that the intensi-
is attributable to several factors, among
Reagan and the Republicans are not
fied involvement of interest groups at the
them the decline of the parties and the
without special-interest support of their
electoral as well as the legislative level
erosion of the power of political bosses,
own. They command the allegiance of
will have a markedly greater influence on
advances in political technology, the revo-
anti-abortionists, veterans, pro-gun lob-
the nature and outcome of the 1984 elec-
lution in mass communications, political
bies, New Right followers, strong defense
tions than could have been imagined even
reforms of the late 1960s and 1970s and
advocates and the Eagle Forum women's
a few years ago.
the climate of social activism that has
organization headed by Phyllis Schlafly.
transformed the nation's politics. More
The International Brotherhood of Team-
OUR MAN IN WASHINGTON
recently, the establishment of political
sters broke ranks with most of the rest of
Who does what for whom is a large
action committees provided them with a
organized labor in 1980 and supported
part of the business of Washington. A
new resource for raising money and gen-
Reagan.
directory of Washington representatives,
erating new membership.
But on the whole, the special interests
which is published by Columbia Books
Interest-group politics has accelerated
are Democratic interests, and Demo-
Inc., lists an estimated 10,000 names,
in reaction to President Reagan's policies
cratic candidates naturally tailor their
including officers of 1,600 trade and pro-
of retrenchment. This is especially signifi-
campaigns to appeal to compatible inter-
fessional associations and labor unions,
cant in view of the fact that many of the
est groups. The most notable among them
representatives of individual corpora-
entrenched interest groups traditionally
is former Vice President Walter F. Mon-
tions, advocates of special causes from
favor the Democratic Party, including
dale, the acknowledged front-runner in
saving baby seals to opposing the use of
blacks, women, big labor, Jews, Catholics
the race for the Democratic nomination,
nuclear weapons and lawyers and consul-
and European ethnics.
who is currently an odds-on favorite to
tants who register as lobbyists or foreign
Judy Goldsmith, president of the Na-
receive the endorsements of both the
agents.
tional Organization for Women (NOW),
AFL-CIO and the NEA.
The indigenous role of special interests
said that establishment of the women's
While Mondale's campaign is designed
to solicit the support of the interest
groups, some of the other Democratic
Need a Pollster? Call the AMA
candidates favor a more universal ap-
proach. Sen. Gary Hart of Colorado has
In a relatively new wrinkle in campaign contributions, the American Medical
been especially critical of "special-inter-
Association's political action committee, AMPAC, makes available to favored
est government" in Washington.
candidates the services of any of six national pollsters, three Democratic and
"I do not intend to be in debt to count-
three Republican.
less lobbies with narrow and conflicting
The service, a form of in-kind political contribution, must fall within the
agendas," he has declared. "For a Presi-
$5,000 limit on a PAC's contribution to a candidate during a campaign. But the
dent who owes his election to narrow
Federal Election Commission allows candidates to discount the value of the
interests risks an Administration that is
polling information as time passes after the survey is taken. If they do not see the
owned by them."
results until more than 15 days have elapsed, they may count the poll at only half
Another Democratic candidate, South
of its actual cost; if they wait until more than 60 days have passed, the value
Carolina Sen. Ernest F. Hollings, con-
drops to 5 per cent.
tended in his announcement speech of
The pollsters available for 1984 through AMPAC are Republicans Robert M.
April 18 that the party lost the confi-
Teeter, V. Lance Tarrance and Richard B. Wirthlin, President Reagan's poll-
dence of the American voters by promot-
ster. The Democrats are Hugh Schwartz, Hugh Palmer and William R.
ing massive federal budgets and misman-
Hamilton, who is currently surveying public opinion for Sen. John Glenn of
aging the nation's economy. "Every time
Ohio in his presidential bid.
a special interest appeared, we re-
AMPAC first made the service available in 1982, and officials said it was
sponded," he declared.
"very popular" with many candidates.
In the 1980 election, legions of interest
group members, including rank-and-file
in American society was noted as early as
coalition the Women's Roundtable
union workers, white ethnics, Jews and
1835 by Alexis de Tocqueville, who
Voter Registration and Turn-Out Project
Catholics left the Democratic fold and
wrote: "Americans of all ages, all condi-
was "an effort by aligned constituen-
voted for Reagan.
tions, and all dispositions constantly form
cies who have been particularly hurt by
Democratic Party officials are appeal-
associations. They have not only commer-
the policies of the present Administra-
ing to them to come home, but party
cial and manufacturing companies, in
tion. People more clearly understand they
chairman Charles T. Manatt probably
which all take part, but associations of a
can make changes through specific elec-
did not help his cause when he implied
thousand other kinds, religious, moral,
toral activity and stem the tide against
recently that he did not expect the party
serious, futile, general or restricted, enor-
civil rights backsliding. Greater support
to nominate a black or a woman as a vice
mous or diminutive. The Americans
for Democrats is reflective of greater
presidential candidate in 1984. Manatt
make associations to give entertainments,
support from Democrats. That doesn't
further displeased some groups by saying
to found seminaries, to build inns, to
mean Democrats are always right, but
he favored a restricted party platform
construct churches, to diffuse books, to
when you weigh the two parties, they are
and expressing the hope that "300 spe-
send missionaries to the antipodes
more amenable to civil rights, human
cial-interest groups" would not try to get
Wherever at the head of some new under-
rights and women's rights."
their concerns incorporated in the docu-
taking you see the government in France,
AFL-CIO president Lane Kirkland
ment.
or a man of rank in England, in the
said that one of the reasons the federation
"That was an unnecessary and impoli-
United States you will be sure to find an
decided to endorse a presidential candi-
tic move on his part," commented Kathy
association."
date before the primaries was to unify the
Wilson, the Republican head of the Na-
Special-interest groups have their roots
labor movement against "the disastrous
tional Women's Political Caucus.
1006 NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83
LABOR AND POLITICS
haps splintering the federation's political
quality of the schools to the 1.7 million-
impact, as has sometimes happened.
member NEA, the largest trade union in
High on the list of the interest group
In assessing the candidates, the AFL-
the United States. As one of its brochures
members whom the Democrats need
CIO is focusing on issues of interest to
rather immodestly proclaims, "NEA
back in the fold are unionized workers.
labor. Ray Denison, director of the AFL-
has become a potent political force over
There is little doubt that labor leaders are
CIO's legislation department, has rated
the last decade
[It] played a major
in the Democratic camp; the only ques-
the four candidates now in the Senate on
role in helping elect a President and Vice
tion is, which Democrat?
their records on such bills enacted this
President of the United States in 1976."
Responding to the AFL-CIO's plan to
year to create jobs and revamp the social
That is hardly news to virtually every
endorse a candidate before the primaries,
security system. Alan Cranston of Cali-
American politician and office seeker.
Kirkland told a group of Democratic con-
fornia has a career rating of 92 per cent
The NEA, composed mainly of teachers
gressional wives in March: "The outcome
favorable, followed by Hart (79 per cent),
from kindergarten through the 12th
of the election may well be determined by
Glenn (78) and Hollings (51).
grade, has an average of 4,000 members
the outcome of the conventions, and the
"The votes are critical, but that's not
in every congressional district in the
outcome of the conventions may well be
the whole story," Denison said. "We start
country; it had 478 delegates at the 1980
determined by the outcome of the prima-
off with some knowledge of these people
Democratic national convention, more
ries. To participate fully in this process
and have an ongoing familiarity with
than any other single unit; and it contrib-
requires that we be involved from the
them
Mondale, for example, hasn't
uted $1.5 million to candidates during the
beginning. The alternative is to accept at
served in the Senate for some time, but
1982 election cycle through its political
the convention a fait accompli fashioned
we've dealt with him over the years."
action committee, NEA-PAC.
by other constituencies."
The selection of a candidate is ex-
Sen. Robert T. Stafford, R-Vt., said
pected to be made at a sched-
uled December meeting in
Washington of the fed-
eration's general board, com-
posed of representatives of the
98 affiliated unions and other
executives. A two-thirds vote
is needed for an endorsement.
All the affiliates must support
the selection.
Mondale reportedly wanted
to have the endorsement pro-
cess moved up to October, ap-
parently on the assumption
that he would be chosen and
be perceived as having an in-
surmountable edgc, thereby
perhaps convincing other can-
didates to drop out. Cranston
argued against a "premature"
endorsement, apparently so
Ray Denison, head of the AFL-CIO's
that he can further promote
Ken Melley, head of political affairs at the NEA:
legislation department: "We start off
his case.
"We have demonstrated in the last two
with some knowledge of the
The machinery of the AFL-
presidential campaigns that we can deliver." He
presidential candidates and have an
CIO's political arm, the Com-
adds that the NEA is trying to get its members
ongoing familiarity with them."
mittee on Political Education
appointed as delegates to the conventions.
(COPE), will go into action on
Murray Seeger, the federation's in-
behalf of the chosen candidate. COPE
that the NEA made the difference in his
formation director, said the action is be-
has a computerized list of 14 million
close contest in 1982, and Michael S.
ing taken "to get the candidates to pay
names upon whom it can call. Services
Dukakis, the Democratic governor of
more attention to labor," to forestall the
will entail telephone banks, massive
Massachusetts, credited the teachers
Democrats from choosing an unaccept-
mailings, research studies, opinion sur-
with putting him in the statehouse. The
able candidate and to take advantage of
veys and registration and get-out-the-vote
head of the NEA's Iowa affiliate recently
an opportunity to coalesce the labor
drives. Each union will have its own po-
received visits from Mondale and Hart,
movement. "Reagan's policies make it
litical program, and COPE will hold re-
and in Rye, N.H., not long ago, Cranston
easier for us to get together," he said.
gional workshops to instruct members on
showed up at the 25th wedding anniver-
The pre-primary endorsement idea was
how to become state delegates to the
sary party of the state's NEA director.
proposed by Kirkland more than a year
Democratic Party's national convention.
At present, the NEA is going through
ago and promptly supported by other key
Kirkland says voters will be wary of a
the finely tuned and elaborate process
federation figures. The AFL-CIO's gov-
candidate with a "union label." Nonethe-
leading up to its participation in the 1984
erning executive council approved the
less, the pluses almost certainly outweigh
elections, including the endorsement of a
plan, and by last August, potential Demo-
the minuses, as each of the Democratic
presidential candidate.
cratic candidates were being invited to
candidates knows.
With the meticulousness of a math-
meet with the group.
ematics instructor, the NEA makes a
The proposal prohibited any of the
THE TEACHERS
distinction between support and endorse-
AFL-CIO's affiliate unions from inde-
One might easily be excused for think-
ment. Support must be approved by the
pendently endorsing a candidate and per-
ing that politics is as important as the
NEA's board of directors, composed of
NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83 1007
125 persons representing members in ev-
THE BLACK VOTE
tive, offer them political leadership they
ery state, upon the recommendation of
can trust."
the national political action committee.
In the 1982 midterm elections, 43 per
Madison said the increase in black reg-
The state group must concur with the
cent of eligible black voters turned out at
istration and voter turnout for Chicago's
recommendation before the NEA can get
the polls, compared with 49.9 per cent of
mayoral election was not solely the result
involved in a campaign in that state.
the voting-age white population. "That's
of Harold Washington's campaign
Endorsement by the NEA, including that
a very significant development," said
against Bernard Epton, a white Republi-
of a presidential candidate, must be made
Thomas E. Cavanagh, a research asso-
can. "Some 40,000 people were regis-
by its representative assembly, the associ-
ciate at the Joint Center for Political
tered on the cheese and food stamp lines
ation's highest policy-making body,
Studies. "It's the first time that the gap
in Chicago even before Washington an-
whose estimated 7,500 members are
between the black and white turnout has
nounced as a reaction to Reagan's poli-
elected by secret ballot from among the
been under 10 per cent."
cies," he said.
full national membership.
Cavanagh predicted that the gap will
The NAACP is also planning to orga-
Under the NEA's procedures, each
be even narrower in 1984. And the
nize a registration drive in the South.
presidential candidate is required to an-
NAACP, said Madison, is going all out to
"They don't have cheese lines in the
swer a written questionnaire; late in Au-
make the forecast become reality with an
South," Madison said. "There, we target
gust, the candidates will be invited to
intensive registration campaign.
a district, organize a telephone bank,
NEA headquarters in Washington to par-
"In the Northeast and Midwest, where
keep a scorecard on elected officials and
ticipate in a videotaped interview. Re-
unemployment has been extremely high,
recruit block captains. They disseminate
sults of the screening process will be
we're targeting 98 congressional districts
information, track the houses where po-
made available to the board and assem-
with black voting populations of 20 per
tential voters live, find out who is regis-
bly for their support and endorsement.
tered and on Election Day get them out to
Endorsement of a presidential candi-
vote."
date-in all probability, Mondale-will
Following Washington's election, some
come in October, and that could take
segments of the black community began
some of the gloss off the AFL-CIO's later
floating the idea of a black presidential
endorsement.
candidate. Most often mentioned was the
In 1976, the NEA waited until after
Rev. Jesse Jackson, director of People
the Democratic convention to endorse
United to Save Humanity (PUSH), who
Jimmy Carter, and in 1980, it supported
seemed to be offering himself as a candi-
Carter before the primary season and
date. Jackson maintained that a black
endorsed him before the convention. "We
presidential candidate would advance the
have demonstrated in the last two presi-
social and economic concerns of minor-
dential campaigns that we can deliver,"
ities and encourage them to become po-
said Ken Melley, the NEA's director of
litically involved.
political affairs.
The idea soon became mired in contro-
Beyond its endorsement process, the
versy, however, when several black
NEA and its state affiliates will be ac-
spokesmen, concerned that a black candi-
tively working to have its members ap-
date would split blacks from the main-
pointed as delegates to the national politi-
stream of the Democratic Party and thus
cal conventions.
deprive them of their leverage, voiced
"Our pragmatic purpose is to concen-
their opposition.
trate on having teachers elected as dele-
Black leaders disagree on whether a
"We take a dim view of the possibility
gates and seeing that educational issues
black should seek the Democratic
of a black candidate running," said
are adequately addressed in the party
presidential nomination. Jesse Jackson
NAACP president Benjamin Hooks.
platforms," Melley said.
may announce his entry into the race
"There is a greater need for blacks to
He observed that about 43 per cent of
in August.
focus sharply on our No. I priority-the
the NEA members are Democrats, 28
defeat of Ronald Reagan's system of gov-
per cent Republican and the remainder
cent or more," he said. "We'll be in more
ernment-by casting every possible vote
independent. Both Reagan and Vice Pres-
than 20 states, including Michigan, Penn-
for the candidate who is most likely to
ident George Bush have declined to speak
sylvania, Ohio, New York, Connecticut,
achieve that goal."
at NEA affairs, and the association op-
Kentucky, Wisconsin, Illinois and lowa.
PUSH press secretary Frank Watkins
poses many of Reagan's educational poli-
"We used to go to the plant gates, but
said Jackson will announce in August
cies, including tuition tax credits and
we don't do that as much; now we register
whether he will run. "If he runs, he will
education vouchers.
people right on the food stamp, welfare
enter the primaries as a Democratic can-
While the NEA had about 10 per cent
and cheese lines. We had 100 registrars
didate, not as a third-party candidate,
of the delegates at the 1980 Democratic
attempting to register 135,000 people in
and it will be to get the nomination rather
convention, it will predictably have less in
one month on the cheese line in Detroit.
than to just get delegates to use as lever-
1984 because of a change in rules increas-
We recruit human service employees,
age at the convention," Watkins said. He
ing the number of office holders man-
public and private, to serve as registrars;
said Jackson has already visited Iowa and
dated as delegates. But NEA-PAC is
they come in direct contact with people
New Hampshire and will tour 10 south-
expected to increase its contributions to
who historically have been unregistered
ern states in May.
$2 million.
and unrepresented."
In 1982, NEA endorsed 32 Senate and
Madison said apathy once made it dif-
THE WOMEN
301 House candidates, racking up a com-
ficult to register the unemployed and
"It's a man's world-unless women
bined 74 per cent victory record. It lists
underprivileged. "But now they're
vote": that's the slogan of the women's
its winning percentage from 1972
pissed," he said. "You can get people to
roundtable as it enters the 1984 political
through 1982 at 77 per cent.
vote if you provide them with an incen-
arena.
1008 NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83
NOW's Goldsmith said the new wom-
public liaison. (For a report on Whittle-
"If we can't be even-handed, I might as
en's coalition is designed to capitalize on
sey and her political role, see NJ,
well close my office."
the gender gap-the tendency of women
4/30/83, p. 884.)
Nonetheless, Bookbinder is in frequent
to support Democrats and oppose the
Declared Kathy Wilson, of the Na-
touch with the White House and with the
President in greater numbers than men-
tional Women's Political Caucus: "The
Democratic presidential candidates. "All
by getting women to register and vote.
White House no longer believes that the
of the candidates have called me for
"Before the 1980s, women voted in lesser
gender gap is a figment of the pollsters'
information and guidance," he said. "I
numbers than men," she said. "In 1980,
imagination. Liz Dole did a good job in
give them our views and hope they agree
the rate was about the same, and in 1982,
working with women's groups. But Faith
with us. Frequently, political people in
we voted in slightly greater numbers than
Whittlesey runs around telling The New
the Reagan Administration will ask for
men. We had some degree of success last
York Times and Washington Post she is
our response to certain proposals and de-
year, but it came after the end of the
not involved with women's groups. It
cisions."
ERA [Equal Rights Amendment] cam-
seems that such an appointment is anti-
Bookbinder noted that 40 per cent of
paign, and the impact was limited."
thetical to the task at hand."
his organization's 50,000 members sided
She said the roundtable will take no
with Reagan in 1980. "But that support
positions on parties or candidates. Its
INTEREST AND SELF-INTEREST
has dissipated and is probably down to 20
narrow focus is compatible with its di-
Every interest group attends to its po-
per cent," he said. "Many of our mem-
verse membership of 38 women's orga-
litical needs differently. "It's the law of
bers are disappointed with the Adminis-
nizations, some of which have PACs and
unintended consequences: as the various
tration over the Israel issue. Reagan,
endorse candidates.
groups become more active, everybody
however, could change that. In 1984, it
As for NOW, the largest women's
goes off on their own," said Rachelle
depends on Reagan against whom. Mon-
organization with about 225,000 mem-
dale could do better than the 45 per cent
bers, Goldsmith said, it plans to endorse a
Carter got in 1980. Glenn would do less
1984 presidential candidate. "But at
well. But the campaign has hardly
what point, I'm not sure," she said.
started."
"There is some sentiment to endorse dur-
Among the business groups, the Cham-
ing the primaries but before the conven-
ber of Commerce of the United States
tions. No question we will make an en-
has a PAC, the National Chamber Alli-
dorsement after the conventions."
ance for Politics. But most of its 1981-82
In 1980, NOW took the somewhat
political expenditures, about $500,000,
ambivalent stand of endorsing the "Dem-
went not for direct gifts but for organiza-
ocratic candidate" in the general election
tional aid and mailings in support of the
without mentioning Jimmy Carter by
chamber's policy positions, said John A.
name because he did not actively endorse
Kochevar, manager of its public affairs
the ERA.
department.
Goldsmith called NOW's political
The American Farm Bureau Federa-
plans for 1984 "probably the most inten-
tion, with a membership of 3.2 million
sive activity the organization has been
families, is restricted by its bylaws from
engaged in. We'll work at the state and
endorsing political candidates, said Bruce
congressional levels and be endorsing at
R. Hawley, assistant director of the
both levels. We did it in 1980 and 1982,
Washington office. "We do, however,
but this time there will be more endorse-
hold 'meet the candidate' debates at the
ments. We are committed to changing
Judy Goldsmith, head of NOW:
county level and provide educational ma-
the political landscape by getting more
"Women have not historically been
terial to our members on positions of
women in the state legislatures and Con-
politically active. Some thought it
candidates at all levels-senatorial, con-
gress. We'll also support men who en-
wasn't very 'ladylike.' But now many
gressional, state and local," he reported.
dorse our issues."
see it as an option."
He added that some of the federation's
An important facet of NOW's opera-
state units have PACs and others conduct
tions is the recruiting and training of
Horowitz, director of the American Fed-
get-out-the-vote drives.
female candidates. In 1982, 5 per cent of
cration of Teachers' PAC, which, like
John Adkins, spokesman for the Na-
House and Senate candidates and 20 per
that of the parent AFL-CIO, is called the
tional Rifle Association, said that the
cent of state legislative candidates were
Committee on Political Education.
organization's PAC, the Political Victory
women.
Like other AFL-CIO unions, the
Fund, spent $1,262,949 during the 1981-
"Women have not historically been po-
580,000-member American Federation
82 election cycle, not including the $3.7
litically active," Goldsmith said. "Some
of Teachers is part of a larger unit but
million expended in a successful drive to
thought it wasn't very 'ladylike.' But now
operates its own political show. In 1982,
defeat the California gun control initia-
many see it as an option. During the ERA
Horowitz's committee contributed
tive. The association also provides its 2.6
campaign, they said, 'That's something I
$300,000 to selected candidates. In 1984,
million members with a "political prefer-
can do."
she hopes to double the ante, mainly for
ence chart" that rates Members of Con-
NOW is also training campaign man-
House and Senate candidates.
gress on firearms control and hunting.
agers and putting together campaign ma-
Some groups, such as the influential
"We are the purest of the interest
terial for women candidates. Goldsmith
American Jewish Committee, retain a
groups," Adkins said. "Our sole concern
said White House efforts to close the
posture of neutrality and non-partisan-
is the right of citizens to own and possess
gender gap are mere "window dressing."
ship. "We have members who are promi-
guns and protecting land for hunters."
She and other women's rights leaders are
nent figures in both major parties, but our
No matter what approach they follow,
especially critical of Faith Ryan Whittle-
organization has to be in a position to deal
the exclusive concern of each interest
sey, who replaced Elizabeth H. Dole in
with each Administration," said Hyman
group is self-interest. That, they main-
March as assistant to the President for
Bookbinder, Washington representative.
tain, is the American way.
NATIONAL JOURNAL 5/14/83 1009